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  • First Zionist Congress

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    زهرة الزنبق زهرة الزنبق
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    philosopy

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    philosopy

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    20 просмотров9 страниц

    First Zionist Congress

    Загружено:

    زهرة الزنبق زهرة الزنبق
    philosopy

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    The American Delegate(s)* at the First Zionist Congress yas. Deer August 1897, Rabbi Dr Schepse Schaffer (1862-1933) of Baltimore traveled up to New York to embark for Europe His destination was Base, Switzerland, where the fst World Zionist Congress was convening Rabbi Ug) Scaller’s departure was trumpeted onthe front page ‘of at leat one NewYork Jewish newspaper (see the sidebar on page 26), and echoes of his trip to Base stil resonate today In the pantheon of early American Zionist, Rabbi Schafer cecupies a special place. Rabbi Schaffer was an ardent advocate of Zionism throughout his aver In 1895, he became president of the Bakimore Zion Assocation, Hevrat Zion, which was then one ofthe largest local Zionist groups in Americ! When the Federation of American Zionists, predecesor of the Zionist Organization of Ameria, was organized in 1898, Rabbi Schaffer was chosen as one ots original vice presidents and when the Mizrachi Religious Zionists] of America Organization was established in 1913, Rabbi Schaffer was named (its frst Governing (Council He remained activin the Mizrachi movement for many years? Any of thes leadership activites would have been suficient to ensure Rabbi Schafer’ place of honor in paseesdagy | Ja anerce gt Plast, 3 ered) rn Ea BePPOTCHER EGS . at cep Sai ce 17, Pr rier American Zionist history However, during the past Sn at neers eben ‘century, Rabbi Schaffer’ fame a a Zionist ead has soe Ca ne Wt ek argos, a, 18 rested mosty on his participation inthe fst World (Stee owen Mana tt, eat 8 ira Zionist Congres where he was the onl “oficial delegate from the United States representing an existing Zionist ‘organization. Pioneers (the fist) and singularities ("the ony") often stand out, and, a a revult ae frequently the suff of popular history. The fat that Rabbi Schaffer was the only “ficial delegate fom an American Zionist organization at the frst World Zionist Congeess has been repeated in one variation or another for ‘generations, and it is now deeply embedded in Zionist historiography and in collective memory, expecially herein Maryland, Ofcourse, decades of imprecise usage as led to some inaccuracies, In one account, Rabbi Schafer was the only delegate fom the United States” in another, he was "the sole American representative! and in still another, the Rabbi was “he representative ofthe Zionists of America” Infact, four participants atthe Fist Zionist, ‘Congress signed in from the United States; we also know that two of these participants were listed as “Uelegates Who atended from the Une Sates, and how did they get there? What, precisely, did it mean to be a "delegate to the fist World Zionist Congress! And why i his important, anyway? ‘The Congress Participants “The frst World Zionist Congress convened in Bass, ‘Switzerland, on August 29,1897. For tree days, the Congress participant listened to speeches and reports ‘on the condition of world Jewry, debate issuss, adopted 1 program “to establish a home forthe Jewish people in Palestine." and defined the fundamental structare ‘ofa new World Zionist Organization Daring the course ofthe Congres, an oficial ist ‘of participants was published, nang 199 men and ‘women, Two-thirds ofthese “partiipants” were there in their “private capacities” mostly individual with a strong interest in Zionism and the nationalist ideal Sinty-nine ofthe partieipants were designated by asteriks(*) as “delegates” representing Zionist organizations ot Jewish communities. (Asin baseball, asterisk do matter) Also on the official list were about dozen journalist and several guess? ‘Most ofthe participants came fom Europe, as might be expected given its dense concentration of Jewish population atthe time andthe expectation that Zionism would allevite the burden of antisemitism ‘specially in Purope. Only fou people were cited in the oficial Congress ist of participants as coming fom Ameria. Davis Treitsch (1870-1938), listed a4 participant from New York City, appears to ave been & German national who resided in New York for several years while studying immigration issues. Tetsch, an advocate for Jewish settlement in Cyprus, the“ateray to greater Palestine” paid his own way to Basel to Tobby for his pet scheme sae the sidebar on page 28) ‘A second American participant was the redoubtable Rosa Sonneschein (1847-1932), editor of The American ewes, who was preset journalist (see the sidebar on page 25). Sonneschein, who ad advocated for a Jewish homeland in Palestine inthe pages of her journal, came to Europe to caver two conferences: the Zionist Congress in Base an, in (October, the Woman's Congess in Brussels? “The other two Americans atthe Congress were Rabbi Schafer of Bakimore and Adam Rosenberg (1858-1928) of New York City both of whom were marked as oficial delegates in the “participants” ‘ofthe Congress” Adam Rosenberg’ journey othe Congress was complicated. Bor in Baltimore, the son ‘of an immigrant German rabbi, Rosenberg grew up in Germany, returned tothe United States around 1886 as ‘young man, and became an attorney in NewYork. Although he iste remembered today, Rosenberg was among the leading American Zionists ot his enertion, {In addition to being active in New York’ Hovevei Zion, n 1891 Rosenberg founded and presided over ‘Shavei Zion (Returners to Zion, an organization composed of investors who sought to buy shares of land in Palestine fr Jewish settlement, and, if ll went ‘ll promote agriculture in the new evi colonies * ‘On behalf of Shae: Zon, Adam Rosenberg traveled to Prope and Palestine in 1991 “Wien Burope heme with ey Zions ears who had Ascided in Sepever of hat year to eal an "International (Comite In Jaary 18%, on a subsequent tip to Europe, Rosenbera participate i the fist “Work Congres of Hover Zana which be proposed establishing "Central ion Federation” to offet the fragmentation and duplcstion of fan ad found among the Zionist organizations and to serve asthe singe coordinating boy fr world Zonim*In subsequent years, Rosenberg continued te agitate for 4 Central Commitee of Hoven Tea Zion inthe United States and eho =i fora word cen. In this reg, Rosenberg was forerunner of Theodor Her and when Hera succeded inexablishng the Zionist Congres anda Word Zion Organization, Rosenberg’ leadership role quickly eroded" ‘Whe Her! began organizing he fist Zionist ‘Congress damn Rosenberg was among the leading figures in American Zionist ciles—and one ofthe few Zionist leaders who had diet experience of

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