CHAPTER 10:

Sound Waves
10.1 Characteristics of Sound Waves
Caused by vibration
Vocal
cord
1. Sound requires medium to transfer

Vacuum

Sound energy is transferred through

vibration of particles in the form of waves
 ave s
Sou nd w
Prove that:
Sound
requires a
medium to
propagate
Cannot travel through vacuum
2. Sound is transferred very rapidly in
solids, compare to liquids and gases
 • Particle arranged very close
SPEED OF TRANSFER • Vibration caused nearby
OF SOUND IN particle also vibrate
SOLIDS • Sound transferred rapidly
SPEED OF TRANSFER • Particle arranged  loose
OF SOUND IN • Sound vibration transferred
LIQUIDS LESS rapidly
SPEED OF TRANSFER • Particle arranged  far apart
OF SOUND IN • Sound vibration transferred
GASES VERY slowly
 Propagate at different
Prove that: speeds in different
medium
 r e r
a i r lf o u
wat

Compare the loudness of the

sound produced
3. Sound can be reflected (echo)
Hard and smooth surfaces
are good sound reflectors
4. Sound can be absorbed
Soft and rough surfaces are
good sound absorbers
Good absorber of sound
• soft and rough surface
• like curtain, carpet)
Sound
absorber
in cinema
Sound
absorber
in studio
 Sound can be reflected
Prove that: and absorbed
As a conclusion, SOUND…
Produced by vibrations
Needs a medium to travel (can
travel through solids, liquids and
gases. Cannot travel through
vacuum)
Can be reflected (echo) or
absorbed
10.2 Loudness and Pitch of Sound
Increasing Louder sound is
amplitude produced
Increasing Higher pitch is
frequency produced
Doppler Effect - Apparent change in
frequency
10.3 Phenomenon and Application
of Reflection of Sound Waves
ECHO
produced when sound
waves are reflected from
a hard surface to the
listener
An echo can be heard in places like..
Gorges

Halls

Caves
Tunnels
DO THIS..!!!!!
If you feel less
confident with
yourself
 Application of Reflection of Sound
Waves
Sound wave hit different surfaces
 Different reflection of sound wave
 can provide variety of information / images
ULTRASOUND
• Sound wave with a frequency of more than 20 000 Hz
• Cannot be heard by human, can be heard by animals
1. Shipping sector
Detect underwater
object / deep of
seabed
2. Fishery sector

Detect
location of
fish
3. Medical sector
4. Estimation of distance by bats

Bat is not blind. But

they use ears more
than eyes. They find
things through echos
 LIMITATIONS OF HEARING

PUBLIC ADRESS
HEARING AID SYSTEM
STETHOSCOPE