4 TYPES OF EACH TENSES

1. Indefinite/Simple
2. Continuous
3. Perfect
4. Perfect continuous.

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

TENS HELPING VERBS

TENSE HELPING VERBS

PRESENT TENSE HELPING VERBS DO, DOES, IS, AM, ARE, HAS, HAVE, HAS BEEN, HAVE BEEN.

PAST TENSE HELPING VERBS DID, WAS, WERE, HAD, HAD BEEN

FUTURE TENSE HELPING VERBS WILL, WILL BE, WILL HAVE, WILL HAVE BEEN

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT TENSE
Present Indefinite Tense
Present Perfect
Present Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Affirmative sentence

Rule: Subject + verb 1st  form+ s, es (with 3rd  Person singular subject) +
object.

Only if the subject is “3rd  Person singular”,  we must use  ‘s’ or ‘es’  with
the main verb or else we mustn’t.
Now the question is; when to put ‘s’ & when to put ‘es’ with the main verb. If we let you know when to put ‘es’
with the main verb, then it would be understood that the rests would put ‘s’….

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

WHEN TO PUT 'ES'
RULE EXAMPLE

With the main verbs ending with letter ‘o’ Goes, Does etc

With the main verbs ending with letter ‘ss’ or 'sh' Kisses, Misses, Passes, Pushes, Rushes etc.

With the main verbs ending with ‘x’, ‘zz’ or ‘ch’ Fixes , Relaxes , Buzzes , Catches , Reaches etc.

With the main verbs ending with ‘Consonant + y Cry      – Cries Marry  – Marries
Try – Tries

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

SPECIAL CASE OF WORDS ENDING WITH Y
When not to put ‘es’ with main verb

With the main verbs ending with ‘Vowel + y’. Such main verbs end with ‘y’
but ‘y’ is preceded by a vowel i.e. a, e, i, o, u. In such cases, we simply put
‘s’

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

Examples:

Vaibhav goes for a walk

I teach kids
Karman loves to sing
We all love to read

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Negative sentence

Rule: Subject + does/do + not + verb 1st form + object.

Examples:

Vaibhav does not go for a walk

I do not teach kids
Karman does not love to sing
We all do not love to read
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Positive Interrogative Sentence: In +ve Interrogative sentences, helping verb (do,
does) comes before the subject. If we use the WH Family words like who, why, when,
what, which, until when, since when, how long; then those words come before.
Rule: <Wh family> + does/do + subject + not + verb 1st form + object?
Examples:

Does Vaibhav go for a walk?

Do I teach kids?
Does Karman love to sing?
Do We all love to read?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
Negative Interrogative sentence

Rule:     <Wh family> + does/do + subject + not + verb 1st form + object?

Examples:

Does Vaibhav not go for a walk?

Do I not teach kids?
Does Karman not love to sing?
Do We all not love to read?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The usage of Verb+ING. Descibe Action which is going on at the
time of speaking.

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentence
Rule:         Subject + is/am/are + verb 1st form+ ing + object.

Use of is with ‘3rd Person Singular Subject’

Use of am with 1st Person I
Use of are with the rest

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Examples:

Jenessa is going to school.

She is going on her bicycle.
I am going to see Piyali.
My eyes are looking for Yashvi.
People are praising Aastha

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Negative
Rule:          Subject + is/am/are + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object.
Examples:

Jenessa is not going to school.

She is not going on her bicycle.
I am not going to see Piyali.
My eyes are not looking for Yashvi.
People are not praising Aastha
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Interrogative
Rule: <Wh family> + is/am/are + subject + verb 1st form+ ing + object?
Examples:

Is Jenessa going to school?

Is She going on her bicycle?
Am I going to see Piyali?
Are My eyes looking for Yashvi?
Are People praising Aastha?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Negative Interrogative
Rule: <Wh family>+ is/am/are+subject + not + verb 1st form+ ing + object?
Examples:

Is Jenessa not going to school.

Why is she not going on her bicycle.
Am I not going to see Piyali.
Are my eyes not looking for Yashvi.
Why are people not praising Aastha
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Express past action which is not defined by a time of occurence.
Express an action which started in the past and has continued up
until now

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Affirmative Sentence
Rule: Subject + has/have + verb 3rd form + object.

Use of has with ‘3rd Person Singular Subject’

Use of have with the rest

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Examples:

Mahasweta has eaten her lunch.

I have done the work.
We have gone there.
I have given Vanvya my book.
Those men have taken money from Ram.
That boy has purcahsed a scooter
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Negative Sentence
Rule: Subject + has/have+ not + verb 3rd form + object.
Examples:

Mahasweta has not eaten her lunch.

I have not done the work.
We have not gone there.
I have not given Vanvya my book.
Those men have not taken money from Ram.
That boy has not purcahsed a scooter
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Interrogative Sentence
Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + verb 3rd form + object?
Examples:

Has Mahasweta eaten her lunch?

Have I have done the work?
Have we gone there?
Have I given Vanvya my book?
Have those men taken money from Ram?
Has that boy purcahsed a scooter?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Negative Interrogative Sentence
Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + not + verb 3rd form + object?
Examples:

Has Mahasweta not eaten her lunch?

Have I not done the work?
Have we have not gone there?
Have I not given Vanvya my book?
Have those men not taken money from Ram?
Has that boy not purcahsed a scooter?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Express an action which started at some point in the past and may not be
complete
Usage of since, for

ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentence
Rule: Subject + has/have been + verb 1st form+ ing + object+ since/for
+ <point of time/duration>.

Examples:

Ram has been walking for 2 hours.

He has been studying since 4 o’clock.
I have been studying since morning.
You have been fighting with me since yesterday evening.
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Negative Sentence
Rule: Subject + has/have + not been+verb 1st  form+ ing+ object+
since/for + <point of time/duration>.

Examples:

Ram has not been walking for 2 hours.

He has not been studying since 4 o’clock.
I have not been studying since morning.
You have not been fighting with me since yesterday evening.
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Interrogative Sentence
Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + been + verb 1st form+ ing +
object+ since/for + <point of time/duration>?

Examples:

Why has Ram been walking for 2 hours?

Why has he been studying since 4 o’clock?
Why have I been studying since morning?
Why have you been fighting with me since yesterday evening?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Negative Interrogative Sentence
Rule: <Wh family> + has/have + subject + not + been + verb 1st form+
ing + object+ since/for + <point of time/duration>?

Examples:

Why has Ram not been walking for 2 hours?

Why has he not been studying since 4 o’clock?
Why have I not been studying since morning?
Why have you not been fighting with me since yesterday evening?
ENGLISH SPEAKING MASTERY | 2020