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Joannes Richter
Abstract
Language is a powerful tool to achieve power by speaking charms, which allowed the royals to
dominate and rule their servants. Apart from dominance by experience in using arms, fighting duels
and wearing long hair and colored clothes the most powerful was the composition of the given
names. Of course the gods, the priests and the royals were given a “full range” of the human voice.
Both the nomenclature of the sky-gods and the personal pronouns for the first person singular seem
to be based on the five sources (lips, palatal, throath, lips and teeth) of the human voice, which are
represented by 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”).
Although the standard 5 letters D, Y, E, U, S or D, I, A, U, S are preferences for the names of the
sky-god also other alternatives exist, which may have been caused by abrasion. A standard abrasion
is the loss of the first letter “D”, “T” or “Θ”, “Z”, which results in names such as Ju-piter, Ju-no,
etc. instead of DJu-piter, Dju-no, ….
The theonym DYAUS represents the universe, which is symbolized by the complete alphabet. The
personal pronouns IAU, IEU, IOU for the first person singular singular (“I”) may indicate that these
words are images of the sky-god Creator DIAUS.
In this paper the words will be illuminated with their categorical colors. Only the names with 5
colors (such as: *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, INMAR, ILMAR[I],*TĪWAZ, WŌDINAZ,
*TIERMĒS) will be considered as genuine sky-gods. Probably the formula with all letter categories
may have been a charm to symbolize eternity: the eternal size of the sky.
Originally the distance between the gods and the royals was minimized by power and laws. The
given names for royals were chosen according to the same rules as if they were divine.
MARDUK, MIDAS, DARIUS, FRANK, CLOVIS , LOUIS and LEWIS were supposed to be as
powerful as the sky-god Creator *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, *DII ĒUS, DIAUS....
From the first king of the FRANKS (CLOVIS I, c. 466–511) the Frankish and Merovingian kings
chose their names with a special strategy to compose their names from as many as possible (5)
categories.
Both the series of the French, German, Dutch and other translations for LEWIS (Louis, Lodewijk,
Lewis, Ludwig) and WILLIAM (Guillaume, William, Willem, Wilhelm) are remarkable
representatives of the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories.
Introduction
Nomenclature is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular
field of arts or sciences. Usually the dictionaries and encyclopedias do not explain the roots for the
names of the sky-gods.
In the etymology the nomenclature of the Sky-Gods such as Dyaus, Deus, Dios may be described as
a PIE-“root”-word, but the roots remained undefined. To my surprise the nomenclature of the Sky-
Gods seemed to be correlated to personal pronouns for the first person singular, respectively dual.
This correlation remains “unexplained”.
Both the nomenclature of the sky-gods and the personal pronouns for the first person singular seem
to be based on the five sources (lips, palatal, throath, lips and teeth) of the human voice, which are
represented by 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”).
In the course of time these letters were also used to compose the names of the sky-gods and the
personal pronouns for the first person singular, respectively dual.
Although the standard 5 letters D, Y, E, U, S or D, I, A, U, S are preferences for the names of the
sky-god also other alternatives exist, which may have been caused by abrasion. A standard abrasion
is the loss of the first letter “D”, “T” or “Θ”, “Z”, which results in names such as Jou-piter, Jou-no,
etc. instead of DJou-piter, Djou-no, ….
Usually the personal pronouns IAU, IEU, IOU for the first person singular singular (“I”) are
composed from subsets of the 5 letter categories DIAUS. The shorter personal pronouns for the
first person singular singular (“I”) are deteriorated by abrasion.
The theonym DYAUS seemed to represent “all categories” of the alphabet, in which “all letters”
symbolized the overall expansion of the universe. The theonym DYAUS represents the universe,
which is symbolized by the complete alphabet. The personal pronouns IAU, IEU, IOU for the first
person singular singular (“I”) may indicate that these words are images of the sky-god Creator
DIAUS.
The personal pronoun “I” (or middle-English “Y”) represents a subset of the theonym DYAUS.
Mircea Eliade (1958: 38–111) proposes that a characteristic feature of archaic strata of the
world’s mythologies is to name the sky-god “Sky, Heaven, Weather” or with a word that
otherwise indicates the upper, celestial sphere. The degree to which this proposition is generally
valid warrants critical reassessment, but it is well established for Indo-European and Uralic
languages. In the case of Indo-European, the Proto-Indo-European theonym can, relatively
speaking, be straightforwardly reconstructed as *Dyéus “Sky”, a name identical to the common
noun *dyéus “sky” (West 2007: 167, 170–171)1.
The diacritic on the letter é in *dyéus is also found in the Provencal words DIÉU and the personal
pronoun IÉU for the first person singular singular (“I”).
The straightforwardly reconstruction as *DYÉUS “Sky” from the common noun *dyéus “sky” is a
simplified step, which does not explain the symbolism inside the noun *dyéus for “sky”.
Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS “heavenly one, god” is similarly an adjectival derivative of
*DYÉUS “sky”. Speakers of the Uralic proto-languages receiving the loan are unlikely to have had
a pantheon in the Indo-European sense, but they may have known the 5 sources for the human
voice.
The accuracy of the methods to describe the etymology depends on the precision in categorizing the
letters of the alphabet.
1 Language and Mythology: Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs. (from: Shamanhood
and Mythology - Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current - Techniques of Research)
The Categorization
On a European scale the standardization of the categorization is largely unknown. This already
starts with the definition of the 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”),
which may vary from language to language. No analysis enables us to define all contributions of the
phonetic sources over the vast period of time languages exist. The only written definition I found
was located in a rabbi's comments to the “Sefer Yetzirah”2.
Table 1 Central Triads of Letters inside the cartouche of the standardized alphabets
2 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3), wherein he
describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet (Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah).
A list of names for the sky-gods
In this chapter the following list of names for the sky-gods is largely extracted from an article
“Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs”. 3
I will use the following standard of the Hebrew alphabet4 to derive some names for the sky-gods:
• linguals: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22
• palatals: G3, I10, Ch11, K19
• gutturals: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16
• labials: B2, V6, M13, Ph17
• dentals: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21
In this paper the words will be illuminated with their categorical colors. Only the names with 5
colors (such as: *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, INMAR, ILMAR[I],*TĪWAZ, WŌDINAZ,
*TIERMĒS, TÍVAR) will be considered as genuine sky-gods.
*Juma
*JUMA is widely accepted as a loan from a Proto-Indo-Iranian form a word for “celestial, bright,
light”, reconstructed *DYUMĀN- (Koivulehto 1999: 228) or *DYUMĀ(N)T- (Parpola 2012: 161).
*JUMA is equipped with the same categories (palatal - guttural - labial) as the Great Name YHW.
*Tεŋri
Proto-Turkic *TΕŊRI “God; sky, heaven” .
*Dεiwós
Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS “heavenly one, god” is similarly an adjectival derivative of
*DYÉUS “sky”. Speakers of the Uralic proto-languages receiving the loan are unlikely to have had
a pantheon in the Indo-European sense.
*Daivas
Proto-Indo-Iranian maintained a word *DAIVAS, derivative of Proto-Indo-European *DΕIWÓS
“god”. If *juma was borrowed as a common noun for “god”, it is reasonable to question why
*dyumān-/*dyuma(n)t- was borrowed for this category rather than *daivas.
3 Language and Mythology: Semantic Correlation and Disambiguation of Gods as Iconic Signs. (from Mr Frog :
published in Shamanhood and Mythology - Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy and Current - Techniques of Research)
4 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3)
In the present context, most significant is that the loanword *juma underwent semantic correlation
in Mari and the Proto-Finnic development of jumala may potentially have in its background a
disambiguation of the category of agents (“god”) from the natural phenomenon (“sky”).
*JUMA is equipped with the same categories as the Great Name YHW.
Inmar
Udmurt presents a complex case. INMAR is the most common and widespread designation for the
celestial god. However, Yrjö Wichmann (1893: 5–6) observes that Udmurt exhibits three terms used
in local language forms for both the celestial god and the phenomenon of the sky or heaven: in,
inmar and KWAŹ.
Udmurt INMAR was compared to Finnic ILMAR(I) beginning from the earliest phase of research
(Wiedemann 1851: 9; Castrén 1853: 306).
*Tīwaz
Derivatives of a Proto-Germanic theonym *TĪWAZ “God”, also from *deiwós, are found, although
evidence for the theonym in many languages is sparse and in several cases comes via etymologies
of the name for the day of the week (i.e. Tuesday and its cognates). *Tīwaz is widely considered to
have filled the role of Proto-Indo-European *Dyéus (e.g. Simek 1996: 337), although this can be
questioned on the basis of the Old Norse evidence, where the theonym TÝR “God” is a marginal
figure in the mythology.
Although the evidence is slim, it seems probable that *Tīwaz, Early Proto-Germanic / Pre-Germanic
*TEIWAZ, or perhaps some even earlier derivative of Proto-Indo-European *deiwós “god”,
replaced the theonym *Dyéus in Germanic languages.
*Guda
In Germanic languages, the Christian God was designated with derivatives of Proto-Germanic
*GUDA “god” (etymology uncertain). Derivatives of the common noun *tīwaz “god” seem to have
been poetic or archaic words in Germanic languages where they are attested at all, making it
probable that *guda “god” was already becoming the more common term in Proto-Germanic.
*Wōdinaz
Proto-Germanic *WŌDINAZ/*WŌDANAZ > Old Norse Óðinn “Odin”, a god associated with
rage, ecstatic states, poetry, mythic knowledge and death, became a central god in a role
corresponding to that of Proto-Indo-European *Dyéus “Sky”.
Taivas
Proto-Finnic *TAIVAS has generally been considered a loan from a derivative of Indo-European
*deiwós “god”. Semantically, the etymology of *taivas requires a transition from the semantic field
of “god” to “heaven” without carrying an additional meaning of “god” (e.g. LägLös III: 268). M. L.
West (2007: 167) views the Finnic loan simply as evidence that, in the Proto-Indo-Iranian source
language, *daivas had become used as a synonym of *dyéus and of the corresponding name *Dyéus
(see also vocabulary in Joki 1973: 323).
Ibmel
In North Sámi IBMEL (“god”) the divine Name of the Saami languages may be correlating with
“JUMALA” (in Southern Saami: JUPMELE):
Personal
Language Orthographic form
Pronoun “I”
Inari Saami IMMEEL Mun, munnâ
Kildin Saami ИММЕЛЬ мунн
Lule Saami JUBMEL Mån , månnå
Northern Saami IPMIL mʊn
Skolt Saami E´MMEL mon
Southern Saami JUPMELE manne
Table 2: Concept GOD in Saami-languages in the NorthEuraLex 0.9 Database
Ilman Ukko
ILMAN UKKO “old man of the sky” (Finnic)
Tiermēs
Observing that *TIERMĒS was the central sky-god in Northeast Proto-Sámi, the theonym suggests
that populations undergoing a language shift in this region retained at least some of the socially
central elements of their indigenous religion.
Tívar
From an earlier study I remember the name TÍVAR5, which is related to týr, with a nominative
plural tívar6.
Marduk
DINGIR MAR-DUK, was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the
city of Babylon.
The name Marduk was probably pronounced MARUTUK.[4] The etymology of the name Marduk
is conjectured as derived from amar-Utu ("immortal son of Utu" or "bull calf of the sun god Utu").
[3] The origin of Marduk's name may reflect an earlier genealogy, or have had cultural ties to the
ancient city of Sippar (whose god was Utu), dating to the third millennium BC.[5]
By the Hammurabi period, Marduk had become astrologically associated with the planet Jupiter.[6]
7
Zeus is the Greek continuation of *DII ĒUS, the name of the Proto-Indo-European god of
the daytime sky, also called *Dyeus ph2tēr ("Sky Father").[24][25]
The god is known under this name in the Rigveda (Vedic Sanskrit Dyaus/Dyaus Pita),
Latin (compare Jupiter, from Iuppiter, deriving from the Proto-Indo-European vocative
*dyeu-ph2tēr),[26] deriving from the root *DYEU- ("to shine", and in its many
derivatives, "sky, heaven, god").[24] Zeus is the only deity in the Olympic pantheon
whose name has such a transparent Indo-European etymology.[27]
The earliest attested forms of the name are the Mycenaean Greek DI-WE and DI-WO,
written in the Linear B syllabic script.[28] 8
If we may interpret the "ᚢ"-rune as a palatal letter "Y" the runic word ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱ (“F-I-TH-A-R")
covers all 5 linguistic categories and may be an equivalent of the Sanskrit keyword Dyaus, Old
Norse Ti'war, Old English Tiwes and the Baltic keywords Dievas. Dievs, Deiws, Deywis and
Deivas.
Midas
MIDAS (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia11. The name MIDAS may also be considered as a family name:
1. The most famous King Midas is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for his ability to
turn everything he touched into gold. This came to be called the golden touch, or the Midas
touch.[1] The Phrygian city Midaeum was presumably named after him.
2. Another King Midas ruled Phrygia in the late 8th century BC, up until the sacking of
Gordium by the Cimmerians, when he is said to have committed suicide. Most historians
believe this Midas is the same person as the Mita, called king of the Mushki in Assyrian
texts.
3. A third Midas is said by Herodotus to have been a member of the royal house of Phrygia.
The name MIDAS however is a genuine royal name with (exact) 5 different categories.
Darius
Darius (Persian: )داریوشis a male given name. Etymologically it is the English transliteration of the
Persian name Dariush, meaning "he possesses" or "rich and kingly". The name also has another
meaning: "He who holds firm to good."
Of course it may also be translated as: “The man, who is (as powerful as) a sky-god”.
DARIUS is the given name for the Persian kings:
1. Darius I (the Great) (521–486 BCE)
2. Darius II (423–404 BCE)
3. Darius III (Codomannus) (336–330 BCE)
The name DARIUS may also be considered as a family name.
Officially the etymology claims:
Dārīus and Dārēus are the Latin forms of the Greek Dareîos (Δαρεῖος), itself from Old Persian
Dārayauš (d-a-r-y-uš), which is a shortened form of Dārayavaʰuš (d-a-r-y-v-u-š).[5] The longer form is
also seen to have been reflected in the Elamite Da-ri-(y)a-ma-u-iš, Babylonian Da-(a-)ri-ia-(a-)muš,
Aramaic drywhwš (..), and possibly the longer Greek form Dareiaîos (Δαρειαῖος).[5] The name is a
nominative form meaning "he who holds firm the good(ness)", which can be seen by the first part dāraya,
meaning "holder", and the adverb vau, meaning "goodness".[5] 12
11 Midas
12 Etymology (Darius I) (the Great) (521–486 BCE)
Clovis, Louis and Lewis
Strange as it may seem the names LOUIS, LUDWIG, LODEWIJK and LEWIS may also be
considered as a “sky-god's name”. These names are defined for the languages French, German,
Dutch and English.
The etymology describes an Old Frankish name. I doubt the derivation of the name merely derives
from the roots "fame" (hlōd) and "warrior" (wīg).
Louis is the French form of the Old Frankish given name Chlodowig and one of two
English forms,[1] the other being Lewis (/ˈluːɪs/). The Frankish name is composed of
the words for "fame" (hlōd) and "warrior" (wīg) which may be translated to famous
warrior or "famous in battle".[2] 13
The name "LEWIS" has been used to anglicise the Irish name "Lugaid", the German name
"Ludwig", and the French name "Louis" (the latter two originally deriving from the Old Frankish
name Chlodowig).14
Without a Z, R or S the names ChLODOWIG , LUDWIG and LUGAID do not contain more than 4
different categories. Also ChARLES, KAREL do not contain more than 4 categories.
The name CLOVIS however is a genuine royal name with (at least) 5 different categories.
A E O
1 *IU AIU EIU OIU
2 *UI AUI EUI OUI
3 I*U IAU IEU IOU
4 IU* IUA IUE IUO
5 U*I UAI UEI UOI
6 UI* UIA UIE UIE
Table 3 Categories for the central vowels' core,
Some of these categories are well-known words such as IAU, IEU, IOU and OUI. In which the I
represented the palatals, U the labials and the wildcard “*” the gutturals A, E and O.
Hebrew Names
The “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3) documents the classification of the 22 letters
according to their phonetic sources.15 The Great Name IHV is specified as a 3-letter Word, which in
the Septuagint is translated as Ἰαω (in capital letters: ἸΑΩ).
The royal name DAVID contains a core AVI, which correlates to the Great Name IHV.
Theonym Core Language Leader Central cores Trailer
1 2 3 4 5 6
Table 4 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering 3 linguistic categories
named Palatals - Gutturals - Labials
Table 5 Categorizing the divine names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories
(named Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials - Dentals)
Divine Names with an initial lingual letter D
15 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3), wherein he
describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet (Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah).
Divine Names with an initial lingual letter T
Theonym Core Language Leader Central cores Trailer
deity TAIVAS AIU Proto-Finnic T AIV A S
deity TIERMĒS IE Northeast Proto-Sámi T IE RM Ē S
deity TI'WAR IUA Old Norse T I'WA R
deity TIWES IUE Old English T IWE S
Table 6 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories
Divine Names with an initial lingual letter T
Table 7 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories
Royal Names with an initial lingual letter (N, D, or L)
Names with an initial a palatal letter (I, C, K)
Some of the names are beginning with a palatal letter (in Hebrew: G3, I10, Ch11, K19 ):
Theonym Core Language Leader Central cores Trailer Categ-
ories
1 2 3 4 5 6
Table 8 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories
Names with an initial a palatal letter (I, C, K)
Names for Frankish and Merovingian kings
From the first king of the Franks (CLOVIS I, c. 466–511) the Frankish and Merovingian kings
chose their names with a special strategy to compose their names from as many as possible (5)
categories.
Etymology for Clovis:
Clovis is the modern conventional French (and thence English) form of the Old Frankish name
*Hlōdowik "famous in battle" (Old High German: Chlodowig)16.
Clovis is the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing
the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that
the kingship was passed down to his heirs.[2] He is considered to have been the founder of the
Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Frankish kingdom for the next two centuries. 17 Related
(modern) names are: Louis, Lewis, Ludovic, Ludovico, Luigi, Luis, Ludwig, Lodewijk,
Aloysius, Alois, Luiz, all of which the compositions seem to contain the same 5 categories.
16 Clovis I
17 Clovis
Names with an initial labial (respectively lingual or guttural) letter
Some of the names are beginning with a labial, lingual or guttural letter.
One of the interesting compositions of 5-letter words with 5 categories is the Name FRANK. In
German and Dutch the name is spelled FRANK. Other languages are spelling FRANC18. The name
of the Franks derives from a word meaning "daring, bold 19", cognate with old Norwegian frakkr,
"quick, bold".[6] 20,
Remarkable are the names WILUSA and TRUWISA for the city of Troy, which may also follow the
pattern of the 5 categories:
Table 10 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories
named Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials - Dentals
Names with an initial Labial (respectively labial or guttural) letter
18 Franken
19 Etymology and Name of the Franks
20 Etymology and Name of the Franks
The royal names CLOVIS including Louis, Lodewijk, Lewis, Ludwig
The name CLOVIS (ChLODOWIG) is equivalent to the modern forms Louis (LOUIS, French),
Lodewijk (LODEWIJK, Dutch), Lewis (LEWIS, English), and Ludwig (LUDWIG, German).
The following names contain a representative letter for at least 4 relevant categories (linguals -
gutturals - palatals - labials - dentals):
Table 11 Categorizing royal names CLOVIS and their derivatives covering all 4-5 linguistic
categories named Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials - Dentals
Table 12 Categorizing the divine and royal names covering all 5 linguistic categories
named Linguals - Gutturals - Palatals - Labials - Dentals
Both the series of the French, German, Dutch and other translations for LEWIS (Louis, Lodewijk,
Lewis, Ludwig) and WILLIAM (Guillaume, William, Willem, Wilhelm) are remarkable
representatives of the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories.
Summary
Language is a powerful tool to achieve power by speaking charms, which allowed the royals to
dominate and rule their servants. Apart from dominance by experience in using arms, fighting duels
and wearing long hair and colored clothes the most powerful was the composition of the given
names. Of course the gods, the priests and the royals were given a “full range” of the human voice.
Both the nomenclature of the sky-gods and the personal pronouns for the first person singular seem
to be based on the five sources (lips, palatal, throath, lips and teeth) of the human voice, which are
represented by 5 letter categories (“linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals”).
Although the standard 5 letters D, Y, E, U, S or D, I, A, U, S are preferences for the names of the
sky-god also other alternatives exist, which may have been caused by abrasion. A standard abrasion
is the loss of the first letter “D”, “T” or “Θ”, “Z”, which results in names such as Ju-piter, Ju-no,
etc. instead of DJu-piter, Dju-no, ….
The theonym DYAUS represents the universe, which is symbolized by the complete alphabet. The
personal pronouns IAU, IEU, IOU for the first person singular singular (“I”) may indicate that these
words are images of the sky-god Creator DIAUS.
In this paper the words will be illuminated with their categorical colors. Only the names with 5
colors (such as: *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, INMAR, ILMAR[I],*TĪWAZ, WŌDINAZ,
*TIERMĒS) will be considered as genuine sky-gods. Probably the formula with all letter categories
may have been a charm to symbolize eternity: the eternal size of the sky.
Originally the distance between the gods and the royals was minimized by power and laws. The
given names for royals were chosen according to the same rules as if they were divine.
MARDUK, MIDAS, DARIUS, FRANK, CLOVIS , LOUIS and LEWIS were supposed to be as
powerful as the sky-god Creator *DΕIWÓS, *DYÉUS, *DAIVAS, *DII ĒUS, DIAUS....
From the first king of the FRANKS (CLOVIS I, c. 466–511) the Frankish and Merovingian kings
chose their names with a special strategy to compose their names from as many as possible (5)
categories.
Both the series of the French, German, Dutch and other translations for LEWIS (Louis, Lodewijk,
Lewis, Ludwig) and WILLIAM (Guillaume, William, Willem, Wilhelm) are remarkable
representatives of the divine and royal names covering all 4-5 linguistic categories.
Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
The Categorization...........................................................................................................................3
A list of names for the sky-gods......................................................................................................4
*Juma..........................................................................................................................................4
*Tεŋri..........................................................................................................................................4
*Dεiwós.......................................................................................................................................4
*Daivas........................................................................................................................................4
Juma and Jumo............................................................................................................................4
Inmar...........................................................................................................................................5
*Tīwaz.........................................................................................................................................5
*Guda..........................................................................................................................................5
*Wōdinaz....................................................................................................................................5
Taivas..........................................................................................................................................5
Ibmel...........................................................................................................................................6
Ilman Ukko.................................................................................................................................6
Tiermēs........................................................................................................................................6
Tívar............................................................................................................................................6
Marduk........................................................................................................................................6
Zeus (*DII ĒUS)...........................................................................................................................7
The Great Name I H V and the theonyms YHW and YHH........................................................7
Dyaus (Sanskrit)..........................................................................................................................8
Diovis and Deivus (Italic languages)..........................................................................................8
Tiw, Ti'war and Tiwes (Germanic and Celtic languages)............................................................8
Dievas, Dievs, Deiws (Baltic languages)....................................................................................8
*DIV-words (Slavic languages)..................................................................................................8
ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱ / “FIᚦAR" (The Futhark alphabet).....................................................................................8
Dju, Deu, Dyu (The dialects at the border lines)........................................................................8
The derivation of royal names.........................................................................................................9
Midas...........................................................................................................................................9
Darius..........................................................................................................................................9
Clovis, Louis and Lewis............................................................................................................10
Categorizing the divine and royal names.......................................................................................11
The central cores of vowels.......................................................................................................11
The central cores of consonants................................................................................................11
An overview of the naming conventions for the gods and the royals.......................................12
Hebrew Names.....................................................................................................................12
Divine Names with an initial lingual letter D ......................................................................12
Divine Names with an initial lingual letter T ......................................................................13
Royal names with an initial lingual letter (N, D, or L) .......................................................13
Names with an initial a palatal letter (I, C, K).....................................................................14
Names for Frankish and Merovingian kings........................................................................15
Names with an initial labial (respectively lingual or guttural) letter....................................16
The royal names CLOVIS including Louis, Lodewijk, Lewis, Ludwig.........................17
The royal names WILLIAM including Guillaume, William, Willem, Wilhelm..............17
Summary........................................................................................................................................18
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd...........................................................20
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd
Periodic Tables are documented in:
1. Notes on the Common Architecture of European Alphabets (Ugaritic, Old Persian signary,
the Greek alphabet, Sanskrit)
2. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets (languages: Ugaritic, Latin, Elder and Younger Futhark,
Gothic, etc.)
3. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Glagolitic, early Cyrillic and Russian alphabets)
4. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet
5. A Periodic Table for the Old-English Alphabet including “The insertion of Chilperic's letters
in the Old English alphabet”.
6. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
7. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
8. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
9. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
10. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
11. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
12. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
13. Het hart van de Nederlandse taal
14. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
15. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
16. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
17. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
18. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
19. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
20. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
21. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
22. De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
23. The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
24. Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
25. Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
26. Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets... (Scribd)
27. The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
The (approximately) 150 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date21 :
• The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
• Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
• Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
• Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
• The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
• De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
• Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
• Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
• Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
• A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
• Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets