Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
of Outdoor Mesh
Wireless Networks
BRKEWN-2027
Navdeep Johar
Technical Marketing-Wireless Networking Business Unit
BREKWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Agenda
Outdoor Wireless Opportunity
Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture
Cisco Outdoor Wireless Portfolio
Applications & Deployment Examples
Q&A
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Associated Sessions and
Recommended Readings
Associated Sessions
BRKEWN-2011 Managing an Enterprise WLAN with
Wireless Control System (WCS)
BRKEWN-3013 Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum
Management Best Practices
Prerequisites
BRKEWN-2010 Design and Deployment of Enterprise
WLANs
BRKEWM-3016 Understanding RF Fundamentals
and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks
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Wireless Connectivity
Outdoors
4
BREKWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
What is Outdoor Wireless all about?
What is
outdoor
Mobility wireless? Applications
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Small Cells Increase Existing Capacity
Macro
Hierarchical Networks are the best solutions
Spectrum Allocation is not increasing significantly
Small Cells are the only answers to exponential
growth in Data Traffic
Consumer 26x
Business Community
Growth
Macro
1000 Capacity
Average
Macro Cell
Growth
100
Efficiency
10
Spectrum
1
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Future networks supporting the mobile Internet will need to seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells
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Service Provider Wi-Fi Levels of Adoption
Wi-Fi
Value
to the SP
3G Offload
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Cisco WiFi and WiFi Mesh is ready for Outdoors
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Cisco Outdoor Wireless
Architecture
9
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Cisco Outdoor Wireless
Bridging
L3/L2 switch
5GHz/2.4 GHz L2 switch
Point To Point
L2 switch
Internet
Point To Multipoint
MAP WGB
Wired access
5 GHz Access
Wireless Services
APs: Up to 500 Module 2
Clients: Up to 7,000
I/O: Up to 8–1Gig. SFP
Cisco 5500 Series
Wireless Controller
APs: Up to 50 Mobility Domain Size:
Clients: Up to 500 36000 APs
I/O: Up to 4Gig (2PoE).
Cisco 2500 Series
Wireless Controller
APs: Up to 50 RAPs/MAPs counted as one AP
Clients: Up to 500 Mesh not supported on Flex 7500
I/O: ISR G2 Backplane
Wireless LAN Controller
on Services Ready
Engine
500 1k 1.5k 2k 2.5k 3k 3.5k 4k 4.5k 5k 5.5k 6k 6.5k 7k 7.5k 8k 8.5k 9k 9.5k 10k
# of Clients Supported (Scale)
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Cisco Wireless Mesh
Intelligent Wireless Solution
Deployment Flexibility
Different types of traffic
WLAN
RAP
Controller
Intranet
MAPs dynamically
CAPWAP in build a tree with
mesh header the best path to
Mesh carries two types of traffic:
the RAP
Wired client traffic Mesh header
Wireless client traffic CAPWAP traffic
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Cisco Wireless Mesh
Self-configuring, Self-healing Mesh
Intranet
Controller
Up to 72 Controllers can be
part of an N+1 or N+N+1 cluster
Dynamic RF optimization on
access link for additional radios
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Cisco Wireless Mesh
Seamless user mobility Inter-controller Roaming
Intra-controller L3 Roaming
AP-10
AA-AA
WLC-A
VLAN =2
Tunnel EoIP
B to A
AP-22
WiSM
WLC-B
AP-47
FIPS-ready
Fiber SFP Option 140-2 Certifiable
Connection to available
municipal fiber provides Hazardous
greater network throughput Location-ready
Rugged, Industrial
Internal Battery Aux/Console Enclosure
LEDs
Backup Option Cable -40 C to + 55 C with Solar
Run time up to 3 Hrs Loading
Flexibility to turn off DC Input IP67, NEMA - 4X
Power over
Ethernet Port
Provides powers and Ethernet PoE Out PoE In Fiber AC Input Integrated
connectivity for 802.3af DOCSIS 3.0 Cable
cameras, sensors, and other Paintable Enclosure
compliant devices Modem Option
Can be painted to match
surrounding structures
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Cisco Aironet 1500 Series Mesh Outdoor Access Points
AP1522 Cable/Fiber AP1552Cable/Ethernet (802.11n)
2.4 4.9 to
5.8
Client Access
Backhaul &
Client Access Client Access Backhaul &
Client Access
AP1524 PS (Public Safety) AP1524SB (Serial Backhaul)
AP1552E/H (802.11n)
Backhaul Backhaul &
Client Access
5.8
2.4 4.9 5.0
2.4 5.0
Client Access
Client Access Backhaul &
Client Access
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1550 Series Development Highlights 1552E/H
1552: Dual-Band (2.4 & 5 GHz), 4 Models
5 GHz includes only Upper ISM Bands (5.725 – 5.850 GHz)
13.5 cm
ClientLink Legacy Beam Forming
Universal Access for 5GHz clients
Strand slope
DFS capability to detect 0.5us pulses adjustment
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Cisco Aironet 802.11n 1550 Series
1552 E 1552 C
External Antennas Integrated DOCSIS 3.0
Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet (8x4) /EURODOCSIS (4x4)
Battery Backup (6AH) CM
AC Powered (100 – 480 VAC) Uplinks – Cable
No Cable Modem No Battery Backup
PoEout port (802.3af) Power over Cable (40 -90VAC)
Power Injector option No PoE out
Dual Band Stick Antennas No SFP
Console Port
Built-in Dual Band Antenna
AC Power Connector
PoEout Port
Fiber Port PoEin Port
1552 H
Class 1, Div 2/Zone 2 1552 I
hazardous location certified Lightweight, Low power &
External Antennas energy efficient
Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet Uplinks – Ethernet
Battery Backup (6AH) No Battery Backup
All models can be AC Powered (100 -277VAC)
AC Powered (100-240VAC) powered using 12 VDC
Power Injector option No PoE out
No Cable Modem No SFP
PoEout port (802.3af) Built-in Dual Band
Antenna
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Cisco 1552H Hazardous Locations
Certification
Div 1 > Div 2 (North America) ; Zone 1 > Zone 2 (Europe)
Class 1, Division 2/Zone 2 is for Occasional
Environments like oil sand open pit mining.
Class 1, Division 1/Zone 1 is for Environments with full
time ignitable concentrations of flammable gases,
vapors or liquids
CSA Hazardous Location certification for US and
Canada: Class I, Division 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-A/N-K9).
Power Entry Module, Groups A,B,C,D with T5 (120 deg
C) temp code
ATEX certification for worldwide deployment:
Class I, Zone 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-E-K9). Power Entry
Module, Groups IIC, IIB, IIA with T5 (120 deg C) temp
code
For Class I, Zone 1/Division 1 requirements:
use TerraWave explosive proof enclosures
Certified with Antennas
Haz Loc Module
Conduit Piping
Terminal Block
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Pole/Wall/ Strand Mount
Standard pole mount bracket can also be wall mounted
Pole/Wall Mount
AIR-BAND-INST-TL= AP1552I
Pole Diameter Range AIR-ACCPMK1550=
supported from 2” to 16 “
2 Steel Straps
Band-it system
1242
1262
AP1410 AP1310
Exalt r5005
5.8 GHz bridge and AP 2.4GHz bridge and AP
5 GHz P2P
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Exalt r5005: key features
100
Throughput (Mbps)
Layer 2 Measured
80
60
ExtendAir
40
802.11n*
Competitor
20
0 10 13 14 15 17 20 22 23 30
Interference (dB)
BRKEWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Cisco 1310/1410 and ExtendAir r5005
At-a-Glance Feature Comparison
ExtendAir r5005 1410 1310
Frequency 5 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz
Technology Single carrier 802.11a 802.11g
microwave not Wi-Fi®
Throughput (L2) 162 Mbps ~28 Mbps ~28 Mbps
Channel BW 8 [10]*, 16 [20], 32 [40] 20 MHz 20 MHz
Ethernet Ports 1xFE (PoE) + 2xFE 1xFE (PoE) 1xFE (PoE)
VLAN / QoS Yes / Yes Yes / Yes Yes / Yes
Rate Limiting Yes N/A N/A
Symmetry Control Yes No No
128-bit AES Yes No Yes
Spectrum Analyzer Yes No No
LOS requirement LOS only LOS / NLOS LOS / NLOS
possible but not possible but not
recommended recommended
Applications PTP only PTP or PTMP PTP or PTMP
List Price per End $5,195 $4,999 $1,299
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35
Aspects of 802.11n
Packet Backward
MIMO 40MHz Channels
Aggregation Compatibility
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Aspects of 802.11n
Packet Backward
40MHz Channels
Aggregation Compatibility
MIMO AP
Performance
3 Antennas Rx Signals
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Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 6.0 onwards)
Dynamic backhaul data rate
Each Link uses Best Possible Rate as per its link quality
BRKEWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43
Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
Backhaul client access
AP with two 5 GHz Radios
AP1524SB
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Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
Backhaul channel deselect
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Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0 onwards)
Backhaul channel deselect
Warning Message
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Software features
Backhaul channel deselect: when useful?
Better Frequency Planning can be done on two adjacent
linear spurs to reduce co-channel interference
RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop
Universal
access
Station 1 Station 2
CH 153
CH 157
RAP
CH 153 CH 149
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Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0.116 onwards)
Preferred Parent Selection
Preferred Parent (P.P) can be configured on an AP
P. P will be selected for the following conditions:
P.P parent is the best parent
P.P link SNR is at least 20dB (In this case, other parents,
however good, are ignored)
P.P has link SNR between 12 and 20 dB, but no other
parent is significantly better (SNR more than 20% better).
For lower than 12dB SNR, P.P configuration is ignored
P.P is not blacklisted
P.P is not in silent mode due to DFS.
P.P is in the same Bridge Group Name (BGN). If no other
parent available in the same BGN, the child will join the P.P
using the default BGN
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Software features
Preferred Parent Selection
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred <AP Name> <MAC addr>
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CleanAir
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5
53
What is CleanAir Technology?
Locate Mitigate
WCS, MSE Wireless LAN Controller
POOR GOOD
•Classification
Classificationprocessed
processed
ononAccess
AccessPointPoint
Maintain Air Quality
•Interference
Interferenceimpact
impactandand
data
datasent
senttotoWLC
WLCfor forreal-
real-
time
timeaction
action
•WCS
WCSand andMSEMSEstore
storedata
data
for
forlocation,
location,history,
history,and
and
troubleshooting
troubleshooting Visualize and CH CH 11
1
Troubleshoot
AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE
Cisco
CleanAir
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Network Visibility
Context Aware Services enable WCS to show Interferer’s location
Interferer Details
Zone of Impact
Mesh APs
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Self Healing and Optimization
Interference
Aware
RRM
Maximizes performance by avoiding interference
Event
Driven
RRM CH 1 CH 1 CH 11 CH 1
Self Healing to avoid Wi-Fi degradation
Persistent
Device
Avoidance
Self Learning to increase reliability
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Clean Air for Mesh For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0.116.0 onwards)
Clean Air on 2.4 GHz for AP1552 & AP3500 in Bridge (Mesh)
mode
Interferers detected by Clean Air on 2.4 GHz include
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CleanAir Recommendations for Outdoors
AP Density recommendation for CleanAir remains the same
as normal Mesh AP Deployment (800/1000 feet cell radius)
APs should be RF neighbors for any possibility of Merging (spatial
proximity)
Location Resolution in the Outdoors is to the nearest AP
Devices generally are located near the AP which is physically
closest to the device
Outdoor Custom Calibration possible from 7.0.116.0 onwards
Location error may double without custom calibration model
Installation with a low density of sensors has the possibility of
having duplicate entries of interferes
Mixing CleanAir (AP1552) and Legacy AP’s (AP152X)
operating in Local Mode (serving clients) is Not supported –
nor is recommended
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PMAC Merge in Outdoors
After PMAC signature merging – one can identify which APa can hear the device
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CleanAir WLC enable
(WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers) EDRRM & PDA off
by Default
Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
CleanAir is enabled
by Default on the AP
Interface
it is disabled Globally
by default on the
controller.
WLC CLI
(Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable
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MSE – Context Aware
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters
Disabled by
Default
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MSE – Context Aware - History
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>History Parameters
Disabled by
Default
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CleanAir Licensing
A CleanAir AP is the license no special controller
license required – will work with WCS Base
Adding an MSE – requires WCS Plus for location
CAS (Context Aware) license required for
Interference location
100 Permanent Interferers licenses are embedded
in MSE. Interferer Licenses open up as Clean Air
APs are detected, in stages of 5 per CleanAir AP
Interference and Client location functionally
identical – and use the same license count
If license is 1000, and interferers are 500, then 500
clients can be displayed
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Design & Planning
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Design & Planning
General Considerations
RF Nature: Not an Exact Science, Especially in Unlicensed Spectrum
Mesh: AP-to-AP Backhaul Distance Capability should be 2x AP-to-Client
WiFi Network Planning Involves:
Site Survey to Identify: AP Location & Height, Line-of-Sight (LoS)/Partial
LoS, Interference, Access to wired backhaul (i.e. Max # Hops), …
Client type (Smart Phones, Tablets, Laptops, …)
Weakest Link typically would be the Uplink on a Smart Phone
User Experience: Minimum Throughput to User, Type of Applications
(Internet, Video, Gaming, ….)
CAPEX & OPEX available for project; Match to type of Service, Robustness
of Coverage, …
Regulatory Considerations; different countries allow different Tx power at
different Frequency Bands.
Type of AP Used: AP1552E&H (External Ant.), AP1552C&I (Integrated Ant.)
AP1552E, AP1552H : Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (4 dBi), 5 GHz (7 dBi)
AP1552C, AP1552I: Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (2 dBi), 5 GHz (4 dBi)
BRKEWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 66
Current Standards and Directives: For Your
The 5 GHz Bridging Spectrum Reference
UNII-2
5.825
4.94 4.99 5.15 5.25 5.35 5.470 Extended 5.725 5.850
2 Channels 4 Channels 4 Channels 11 Channels 5 Channels
US ISM 30 dBm
(FCC) UNII-1 UNII-2 6 channels (*)
Radiated Power 33 dBm 5 Channels
EIRP inc antenna
17 dBm 27 dBm 27 dBm
UNII-3, 30 dBm
Indoor Indoor / Indoor /Outdoor
only Outdoor Outdoor
MAP
Service Provider
Network
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Design & Planning (A Domain) 1 meter= 3.28 ft 1 sq-meter = 10.7 sq-ft
Guidance 1 mile = 1.61 km 1 sq-mile = 2.6 sq-km
AP-to-Client Distance
2.4 GHz (A Domain)
AP1522: 600 ft/180 m
AP1552C/I: 800 ft/250 m
AP1552E/H: 1000 ft/300 m
Assumptions:
Height: APs are at 33 Ft (10 m); Client @ 3.3 ft (1 m)
Throughput: > 1 Mbps. Decreasing AP-AP Distance improves coverage
Near LoS. Flat Terrain Environment
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Design & Planning
Guidance- Greenfield Deployment in a Flat Environment
RAP AP-to-Client Cell Radius @ 2.4 GHz
MAP AP 1552C/I: R= 250 meters
AP 1552E/H: R= 300 meters
MAP
Range Calculator
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
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Design & Planning For Your
SNR vs Bandwidth 11a/g Reference
(Table is also valid for 1522 2.4 GHz radio with 3 Rx )
3 Hops
1 Hop to RAP
2 Hops to RAP
3 Hops to RAP
MAP
RAP
MAP
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Bridge Group Name (BGN)-Sectorization
Logically groups APs and controls the association
of the radios
For adding capacity we recommend that you have
more than one RAP in the same sector, with the
same BGN, but on different channels
A factory default BGN is empty (NULL VALUE).
BGN is a string of Eleven characters maximum
Mesh APs with incorrect BGN, can still join a
running network using BGN as the word “Default”
AP using “default” BGN
Associate clients, and forms mesh relationships
After 15 minutes APs will go to SCAN state rather than
Rebooting
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Site Survey and deployment
Get creative, use different tools
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Site Survey and deployment
Collocating APs
• Proper spacing = better performance and coverage
• Minimum Vertical Separation of 3 meters (10m if on adjacent channels)
• Antennas vertical alignment is another important factor
• Consider RF interferences: use Spectrum Expert
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Site Survey and deployment
Grounding the AP
POWER
INJECTOR
10 AWG
or Larger
Ground Wire
Equipment
Inside
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Deployment Examples
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8
85
Target Areas for Wi-Fi Offload
Where People Go!
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Monetizing Coverage and Capacity with
Next Generation Hotspot
1 2 3 4
Next Generation
Hotspot
802.1x , EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA
Auto SIM
credentials
Encrypted
Wi-Fi Link
802.11i Mobile “concierge” service
Network enablement
Seamless authentication & MSAP
Discovery Wi-Fi roaming - Wireless
802.11u Broadband Alliance
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Customer Experience Transformation
MSAP- Mobility Service Advertisement Protocol
Receive transient
applications without
user intervention
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High Density Deployments –Super Bowl XLV
Cowboys Stadium
942 indoor and outdoor AP’s
24 Wireless Controllers
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Service Providers Wi-Fi Deployments
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Q&A
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