Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-019-00845-7
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Dual Band Modified Split-Ring Resonator Microstrip Antenna
for Wireless Applications
Arun Kumar1 • Manisha Choudhary1
Received: 3 October 2017 / Revised: 10 November 2017 / Accepted: 5 November 2019
Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract In this work, a design is proposed to improve the
performance of the conventional series-fed dipole pair
(SDP) antenna by adding split-ring resonator (SRR).
Firstly, a conventional SDP antenna that functions in the
frequency range of 1.7–2.7 GHz is designed by adjusting
the distances of the dipoles and the space between the two
presentations. Later, a couple of SRR is mounted above the
top dipole to improve the antenna performance. Then, the
effects of SRR on the impedance, bandwidth and gain are
examined. The experimental results show that the proposed
antenna has an increased gain. The antenna is simulated,
and parameter measurement is done using a CST micro-
wave studio. The proposed antenna can be used for GPS,
WIFI and Wi-MAX.
Keywords Series-fed dipole pair (SDP) antenna

Split-ring resonator (SRR)
Dielectric constant
Series-fed dipole pair (SDP) antenna or a dual-dipole
antenna has been ordinarily applied as base-station anten-
nas and wideband phased-array antennas in many wireless
communication applications, because of its broad band-
width, stable gain, and uncomplicated construction [1]. To
SDP antenna, the first dipole is connected in serial publi-
cation with the truncated ground plane. The durations of
the long and short dipoles control the lower and upper
operating frequencies, respectively, and the space between
& Arun Kumar
arun.kumar@jecrcu.edu.in
Manisha Choudhary
manisha.choudhary537@gmail.com
1
Department of ECE, JECRC University, Jaipur, India
the two dipoles as well as the space between the first dipole
and the truncated ground plane control the input reflection
coefficient level between the two primary resonances
[2, 3]. The performance of an SDP antenna can be further
increased by using a split-ring resonator (SRR). Initially, a
conventional SDP antenna is designed for a frequency
range of 1.7–2.7 GHz by optimizing the lengths of the
factors and spaces between the components. The compo-
nents of the SDP antenna are serially connected with a CPS
line. Moreover, a modified integrated balloon consisting of
an MS line and a CPS line is applied to meet the input
resistance of the antenna with the 50 MS feed line. Because
the integrated balun does not involve any additional space,
this case of SDP antenna is compact when compared to
other antennas that have long feed structures. Next, a pair
of split-ring resonator (SRR) directors is affixed above the
top dipole to improve the operation of the conventional
SDP antenna. Farther, the effect of SRR over SDP is
examined by evaluating the input VSWR and realized gain
characteristics [4]. Split-ring resonator (SRR) is an artifi-
cial structure that is practiced to achieve negative perme-
ability and negative permittivity. SRR is a couple of
concentric annular rings; both the rings are splinted
opposite to each other. The SRR behaves like a small
magnetic dipole, which is applied to increase the magnetic
response of an antenna. SRR is used to ameliorate the
operation of an antenna in many applications [5]. The
antenna can be tuned to several frequencies within the
limited band by changing the number of SRR unit cells.
This gives feasibility of sub-wavelength antenna design
[6].
The conventional and proposed antenna is shown in
Fig. 1a, b. FR4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4
(loss tangent = 0.025) and a thickness H = 1.6 mm is used
for the purported design. In the beginning part of the work,
123
 A. Kumar, M. Choudhary

Fig. 1 a Conventional antenna and b proposed antenna

Table 1 Design parameter values of the conventional and proposed antenna design
Parameter Value [mm] Type
Conventional antenna Proposed antenna

H 1.6 1.6 Substrate height

L1 72 72 Length of dipole 1
L2 50.4 50.4 Length of dipole 2
Lg 90 90 Length of reflector
N 5 – Strip length in multiples of N*gap
S1 36 36 Distance between reflector and dipole 1
S2 36 36 Distance between dipole 1 and dipole 2
W 115 115 Width of substrate
w1 7.5 7.5 Width of dipole 1
w2 7.5 7.5 Width of dipole 2
R0 0.5 0.5 Outer radius of feed
Wcps 20 20 Width of solid
gd – 3 Distance between Ds 1 and Ds 2
Wd – 18 Width of outer ring
Ld – 18 Length of inner ring
wd – 15 Width of inner ring
ld – 15 Length of inner ring
Wg 15 15 Width of reflector
Ds – 13 Distance between outer ring and dipole 1
ws 0.7 0.7 Width of centre line
Wf – 3 Width of MS
Xf – 3 MS offset distance from centre
Yf – 23 Width of MS

conventional SDP antenna, which will be applied as a base
antenna, is designed for operation in a frequency range of
1.7–2.7 GHz. Playing along, the measurements of the SRR
director are enhanced to give double-band operation in the
GPS L1 (1.563–1.587 GHz) and 1.7–2.7 GHz frequency
bands. For the conventional SDP antenna, the frequency
band for a VSWR \ 2 is 1.69–2.80 GHz and gain ranges
5.99–5.13 dB in the pack. For the proposed antenna, the
frequency bands for a VSWR \ 2 are 1.58 GHz and
2.6 GHz, and gain ranges 7.75 dB in the first ring and 6.49
decibels in the second circle. Table 1 shows the parameters
used for the proposed and conventional antenna design.
Return loss shows how much power is contemplated from
the antenna and also known as reflection coefficient
(sometimes written as return loss). If the value of s
parameter is equal to zero, then all the power is changed

123
Dual Band Modified Split-Ring Resonator Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications

Fig. 2 c Return loss graph for conventional antenna and d return loss graph for the proposed antenna

back. The antenna resonates at 1.8 GHz and 2.62 GHz and
the values of return loss at these frequencies are
- 13.192 dB and - 29.273 dB, respectively. The return
loss graph of conventional antenna is shown in Fig. 2c
which proves that less force is transferred to an antenna and
more transmitted power is reflected back from the antenna.
The proposed antenna resonates at 1.58 GHz and 2.6 GHz,
and the values of return loss at these frequencies are
- 31.15 dB and - 15.35 dB, respectively. The return loss
graph of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 2d which
proves that more force is shifted to the antenna and less
transmitted power is reflected back from the antenna. A
polar plot is a diagram that depicts the magnitude of the
response in any path. Their values must be positive for

Fig. 3 e Polar plot for conventional antenna at 1.8 GHz, f polar plot for conventional antenna at 2.62 GHz, g polar plot for the proposed antenna
at 1.58 GHz, h polar plot for the proposed antenna at 2.6 GHz

123

better effects. One key fact about polar plot and antenna
radiation patterns is that the receiving sensitivity is a pur-
pose of direction identical to the far-field radiation pattern
of the antenna when used for transmitting. For the con-
ventional design, the value of side lobe is maximum for
both the resonate frequency as shown in Fig. 3e, f. In the
proposed design, the value of side lobe is minimum for
both the resonate frequency as shown in Fig. 3g, h.
A novel double-band SDP antenna using split-ring res-
onator is designed and simulated. To obtain double-band
operation and to enhance the operation of an antenna, a pair
of SRR directors is affixed above the dipole 1 (P1) of the
conventional SDP antenna. Insight of a parametric study of
the impacts of the geometric parameters of the split-ring
resonator, a form of a double-band SDP antenna working in
the GPS L1 (1.563–1.587 GHz) and 1.7–2.7 GHz bands
was simulated and evaluated on an FR4 substrate having a
dielectric constant of 4.4. It was shown from experimental
results that the antenna has a double-band characteristic at
1.8 and 2.6 GHz frequency bands for a VSWR \ 2.
Measured gain at these frequencies is 7.75 decibels in the
main band and 6.49 decibels in the second circle. The
purported design is used in many wireless communication
and mobile communication applications.
123
A. Kumar, M. Choudhary
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