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AWS D1.1/D1.

1M:2015

7. Stud Welding

7.1 Scope qualified stud bases shall be used. Qualification of stud


bases in conformance with 7.9 shall be at the manu-
Clause 7 contains general requirements for welding of facturer’s expense. The arc shield used in production
steel studs to steel, and stipulates specific requirements: shall be the same as used in qualification tests or as
(1) For mechanical properties and material of steel recommended by the manufacturer. When requested by
studs, and requirements for qualification of stud bases. the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide the following
information:
(2) For application qualification testing, operator
qualification, preproduction testing, and workmanship. (1) A description of the stud and arc shield
(3) For stud welding during production, fabrication/ (2) Certification from the manufacturer that the stud
erection, and inspection. base is qualified in conformance with 7.9.
(4) For the stud manufacturer’s certification of stud
base weldability. (3) Qualification tests data

NOTE: Approved steels; for studs, see 7.2.6; for base 7.2.5 Stud Finish
metals, see Table 3.1 (Groups I and II). For guidance,
see C-7.6.1. 7.2.5.1 Stud finish shall be produced by heading, roll-
ing, or machining. Finished studs shall be of uniform
quality and condition, free of defects that may affect the
7.2 General Requirements welding quality, suitability for intended application, or
fit of the studs in the specified ceramic arc shields (fer-
7.2.1 Stud Design. Studs shall be of suitable design for rules). Such defects include laps, fins, seams, cracks,
arc welding to steel members with the use of automati- twists, bends, thread defects, discontinuities, or foreign
cally timed stud welding equipment. The type and size of materials (see 7.4.1 and 7.4.2).
the stud shall be as specified by the drawings, specifica-
tions, or special provisions. For headed-type studs, see 7.2.5.2 Headed studs are subject to cracks or bursts in
Figure 7.1. Alternative head configurations may be used the stud head which are abrupt interruption of the periph-
with proof of mechanical and embedment tests confirm- ery caused by radial separation of the metal extending
ing full-strength development of the design, and with the from the head inward to the stud shank. These cracks or
approval of the Engineer. bursts shall not be the cause for rejection, provided that
they do not exceed one half of the distance from the stud
7.2.2 Arc Shields. An arc shield (ferrule) of heat- head to the stud shank as determined by visual inspection
resistant ceramic or other suitable material shall be fur- (see Figure C-7.1.) Studs shall be rejected if the cracks or
nished with each stud. bursts are of a number or width that does not permit the
7.2.3 Flux. A suitable deoxidizing and arc stabilizing head to fit into the welding tool chuck or cause arcing
flux for welding shall be furnished with each stud of between the stud head and the chuck affecting chuck life
5/16 in [8 mm] diameter or larger. Studs less than or weld quality.
5/16 in [8 mm] in diameter may be furnished with or
7.2.6 Stud Material. Studs shall be made from cold
without flux.
drawn bar conforming to the requirements of ASTM
7.2.4 Stud Bases. A stud base, to be qualified, shall A29, Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
have passed the test described in 7.9. Only studs with Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for Grades

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