Slender Columns

Monday, November 26, 2012

Definition
P

Slender columns
are those subject Madd = P.δ

to buckling that
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

produces e δ
additional
moment resulting
in significant
reduction of
column capacity. P

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Definition
P P

If the column is
unbraced, i.e.
both ends can
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

move relative to e
each other, then
the additional
moment is
greater.
P

Unbraced

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Monday, November 26, 2012

Braced and Unbraced Structures

When the structure contains members to resist side-sway (lateral
forces) then it is a braced structure.
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Braced and Unbraced Structures
When the structure does not contain members to resist side-sway
(lateral forces) then it is an unbraced structure.
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

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Monday, November 26, 2012

Braced and Unbraced Structures

According to ECP 203

Bracing of RC structures is usually
provided by shear walls or cores.
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

A building without shear walls or cores

is considered an unbraced structures.

A building with a shear wall or a core is
considered braced only if

α = Hb x ∑N < 0.60 for n ≥ 4

∑ EI
< 0.20 + 0.1n for n < 4
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Monday, November 26, 2012 Braced and Unbraced Structures

α = Hb x ∑N < 0.60 for n ≥ 4

∑ EI
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< 0.20 + 0.1n for n < 4

Hb = Total height of the building (m)

N = Sum of all unfactored vertical loads

ΣEI = Sum of EI for all vertical stiffening
elements

n = number of stories

E = 4400 √fcu
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Monday, November 26, 2012

Examples
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

ure
c t
ru
St
c ed
bra
Un

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X

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Examples
Stiff shear walls
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

c ti on
e
- dir ti on
Y c
in d ire
ed X-
r ac i n
b
Un ed
r ac
Y
B
&
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X
Monday, November 26, 2012

Examples
Stiff shear walls
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

s
c t ion
e
dir
Y
&
X
in
ed
ac
Y
Br

10
X

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Examples
Stiff shear walls
Core
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

m
y ste s
S on
o re t i
+ C
d i rec
all Y
r w &
ea X
Sh in
Y
a ced
Br
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X
Monday, November 26, 2012

Slenderness Ratio; λ

Is the ratio between the effective length of
the column and its cross sectional dimensions
in the direction under consideration.
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

He He
λb = or λi =
b i

He = k.Ho

Ho = unsupported (clear) length of the
column

b-column dimension in the direction of study
I g

i =
Ag
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Monday, November 26, 2012 λ Limitations
Columns are considered short columns (not slender) when λ is
less than values of the following table

Column Status λb or λt λD λi
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Braced 15 12 50
Unbraced 10 8 35

Columns are considered slender when λ is greater than values in

the above table BUT less than the values in the following table

Column Status λb λD λi
Braced 30 25 100
Unbraced 23 18 70
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Monday, November 26, 2012

Effective Height of Columns

According to the support
Condition at each end of
The column, the value of k
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Is determined, hence, He Ho

Case1 Column is connected to a beam with a depth ≥

column dimension in this direction
Case2 Column is connected to a slab or a beam shallower
than the column dimension.
Case3 Column is connected to an element that cannot
prevent rotation.
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Case4 Column end is free

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Values of k
k = He/Ho for Braced columns
End condition at top
Case1 Case2 Case3
End condition at bottom
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Case1 0.75 0.80 0.90

Case2 0.80 0.85 0.95
Case3 0.90 0.95 1.00

k = He/Ho for Unbraced columns

End condition at top
Case1 Case2 Case3
End condition at bottom
Case1 1.20 1.30 1.60
Case2 1.30 1.50 1.80
Case3 1.60 1.80 --
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Case4 2.20 -- --
Monday, November 26, 2012

Calculating Additional Moment

For Braced Columns
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Calculate column deflection, δ

2
λ .b
b λt2 .t
δ= or rectangular columns
2000 2000
λ2D .D
δ= circular columns
2000

Calculate additional moment, Madd

Madd = P.δ

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Design of Slender Braced Columns
M2

Design for the greatest moment of:

M2
Mi

M1 + Madd/2
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Mi + Madd/2

Pu.emin
M1
M2

Where:

Mi = 0.4M1+0.6M2≥ 0.4M2
Mi

M2>M1

M1 has a negative sign if it is at
17 the other side of the column. M1
Monday, November 26, 2012

Calculating Additional Moment

For UnBraced Columns

Calculate column deflection, δ

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Calculate average deflection per story, δav

δ av = ∑δ
n

Where:
N; total number of columns in a story
Neglect δ > 2δav

Calculate additional moment, Madd

18 Madd = P.δav

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Monday, November 26, 2012 Design of Slender UnBraced Columns

Design for the greater moment of:

M2 + Madd
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

M2

Pu.emin

Mi

M1

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Monday, November 26, 2012

Minimum Reinforcement

Minimum reinforcement ratio is:

µmin = 0.25 + 0.015λi
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

or

µmin = 0.25 + 0.052λb …
rectangular section

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 Example
Monday, November 26, 2012

Example1 y

Design an RC rectangular column

in a ground floor of a braced
multistory building, knowing
that:
RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

t x
Column is connected to a beam
with section (20x60)cm in both
directions.
Pu = 1500kN 250mm

b = 250mm & Ho = 4.50m

fcu = 30N/mm2 & st. 360/520

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RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim Monday, November 26, 2012 RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim Monday, November 26, 2012

Example1
Example1

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RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim Monday, November 26, 2012
Example1

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