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1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt 3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of a material.
cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer. 3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the mass of a given
NOTE 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid
volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water
and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials at the same temperature (see Note 2).
which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142. NOTE 2—Relative density is also described as specific gravity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information 4. Summary of Test Method
only. 4.1 The sample is placed in a calibrated pycnometer. The
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety pycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remaining
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility volume is filled with water. The filled pycnometer is brought to
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and the test temperature, and weighed. The density of the sample is
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory calculated from its mass and the mass of water displaced by the
limitations prior to use. sample in the filled pycnometer.
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D 70 – 08
6.3 Thermometric device, calibrated liquid in glass, total making sure that circulation of the water in the conditioning
immersion type, of suitable range with graduations at least bath around the beaker is not restricted.
every 0.1°C (0.2°F) and a maximum scale error of 0.1°C 10.3 Maintain the temperature of the water bath within
(0.2°F) as prescribed in Specification E 1. Thermometer com- 0.1°C (0.2°F) of the test temperature.
monly used is ASTM 63°C (63F). Any other thermometric
device of equal accuracy may be used. 11. Calibration of Pycnometer
6.4 Balance, capable of making the required measurements 11.1 Thoroughly clean, dry, and weigh the pycnometer to
to an accuracy of at least 0.001g. the nearest 0.001 g. Designate this mass as A.
6.5 Beaker, 600 mL or larger Griffin low-form beaker. 11.2 Remove the beaker from the water bath if necessary.
Fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled distilled or deionized
7. Materials water, placing the stopper loosely in the pycnometer. Place the
7.1 Water—Freshly boiled and cooled distilled or deionized pycnometer in the beaker and press the stopper firmly in place.
water. Return the beaker to the water bath if previously removed.
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D 70 – 08
cool to ambient temperature for a period of not less than 40 min NOTE 6—Density of water from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
and weigh with the stopper to the nearest 0.001 g. Designate Physics:
the mass of the pycnometer plus sample as C. Temperature, °C Density of Water, kg/m3(kg/L)
15.0 999.1 (0.9991)
NOTE 5—If any air bubbles are inadvertently occluded, remove by 25.0 997.0 (0.9970)
brushing the surface of the asphalt in the pycnometer with a high “soft”
flame of a bunsen burner or torch. To avoid overheating, do not allow the 14. Report
flame to remain in contact with the asphalt more than a few seconds at any
14.1 Report density to the nearest 1 kg/m3(0.001 kg/L) and
one time.
the test temperature.
12.3 Remove the beaker from the water bath if necessary.
Fill the pycnometer containing the asphalt with freshly boiled 15. Precision and Bias
distilled or deionized water, placing the stopper loosely in the
15.1 Single Operator Precision—The single-operator stan-
pycnometer. Do not allow any air bubbles to remain in the
dard deviation for the relative density of semi-solid bituminous
pycnometer. Place the pycnometer in the beaker and press the
materials has been found to be 0.0013 at 15.6°C (60°F) and
stopper firmly in place. Return the beaker to the water bath if
0.00082 at 25.0°C (77°F). Therefore, results of two properly
previously removed.
conducted tests by the same operator on the same material
12.4 Allow the pycnometer to remain in the water bath for
should not differ by more than the following values (see Note
a period of not less than 30 min. Remove the pycnometer from
7):
the bath. Dry and weigh using the same technique and timing
Test Temperature, °C Density, kg/m3(kg/L)
as that employed in 11.3. Designate this mass of pycnometer 15.0 3.5 (0.0035)
plus sample plus water as D. 25.0 2.3 (0.0023)
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D 70 – 08
TABLE 1 Precision of Relative Density Data for Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials
Single-Operator Multilaboratory
Temperature
°C Degrees of Degrees of
(1S) (D2S) (1S) (D2S)
Freedom Freedom
Asphalt 15.6 54 0.0011 0.0032 24 0.0018 0.0051
25.0 54 0.00080 0.0023 24 0.0024 0.0068
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