A rectangular reinforcement concrete beam, located outside a building in a costal town, is simply supported on two 230 mm thick

and 6m apart masonry walls (centre to centre). The beam has to carry, in addition to its own weight, a distributed live load of 10
kN/m and a dead load of 5 kN/m. Design the beam section for maximum moment at midspan. Assume Fe415 grade of steel.
Solution:
1. Consideration of grade and cover
Exposure condition = Severe (Table 3, IS 456:2000)
Grade of Concrete= M35 (Table 5, IS 456:2000)
fck ≔ 35 MPa
Clear Cover= 40 mm (Table 16, IS 456:2000)
2.Trial section:
b ≔ 300 ⋅ mm
6000
D ≔ ――mm = 600 mm
10
Let us assume 16 mm main bar and 8mm stirrups
16
d ≔ D - 40 mm - 8 mm - ― mm = 544 mm
2
2. Effective Length (Cl 22.2, IS456:2000)

Support Width Sw ≔ 230 mm

a) Lcc ≔ 6 m
b) Lcc - Sw + d = 6.314 m

Taking the lesser value

Leff ≔ 6 m

3. Design Load Calculation:

kN kN
Self Weight Wself ≔ 25 ――3
⋅ b ⋅ D = 4.5 ――
m m
Total Dead Load
kN kN
DL ≔ Wself + 5 ―― = 9.5 ――
m m
Total Live Load
kN
LL ≔ 10 ――
m
Total Design Load
kN
w ≔ 1.5 ⋅ DL + 1.5 ⋅ LL = 29.25 ――
m
For simply supported beam
Maximum Design Moment
Leff 2
Mu ≔ w ⋅ ――= 131.625 kN ⋅ m
8
 Maximum Shear force
Leff
SF ≔ w ⋅ ―― = 87.75 kN
2

Check for effective depth:

xulimit
For Fe415 fy ≔ 415 MPa ――＝ 0.48
d
x ⎛ xulimit ⎞
Mulimit ＝ 0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⎜1 - 0.42 ⋅ ――⎟
ulimit
d ⎝ d ⎠

Mulimit ≔ 0.138 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2

2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Mu
d≔ ――――= 301.394 mm (less than 544mm, So OK)
0.138 ⋅ fck ⋅ b

Let us assume over all depth

D ≔ 400 ⋅ mm
20
d ≔ D - 40 ⋅ mm - 8 ⋅ mm - ― ⋅ mm = 342 mm
2
 Calculation of steel:
⎛ ⎛⎝Ast ⋅ fy⎞⎠ ⎞ Leff 2
Mu ≔ 0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――― ⎟⋅d Mu ≔ w ⋅ ――= 131.625 kN ⋅ m
⎝ ⎛⎝fck ⋅ b ⋅ d⎞⎠ ⎠ 8

⎛ 2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾Mu ⎞
⎜1 - 1 - 4.598 ⋅ ――― ⎟
⎜⎝ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⎟⎠
Ast_required ≔ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ―――――――――= ⎛⎝1.245 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
2 ⋅ fy

Numbers of Bars
Ast_required
n ≔ ―――――― 2
= 3.966
((20 ⋅ mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4
Let us consider 4 numbers of 20 mm bars
2
((20 mm))
Ast_provided ≔ 3.14 ⋅ ―――― ⋅ 4 = ⎛⎝1.256 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
4
Detailing:
Minimum Amount of reinforcement(Cl 26.5.1.1,
IS 456:2000):

d
As_min ＝ 0.85 ⋅ b ⋅ ―
fy
342
As_min ≔ 0.8 ⋅ 300 ⋅ ―― mm 2 = 197.783 mm 2
415
Max Amount of reinforcement(Cl 26.5.1.1, IS
456:2000):

As_max ≔ 0.04 ⋅ 300 ⋅ 400 ⋅ mm 2 = ⎛⎝4.8 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

 As_min < Ast_provided < As_max OK

Spacing:
((300 - 2 ⋅ ((40 + 8)) - 4 ⋅ 20))
s ≔ ―――――――― mm = 41.333 mm
4-1

Minimum Spacing
a)16mm
b)20+5=25 mm OK
Check for Strength:
⎛ kN ⎞ kN kN kN kN
DL ≔ ⎜25 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ D + 5 ―― = 8 ―― LL = 10 ―― w ≔ 1.5 ⋅ DL + 1.5 ⋅ LL = 27 ――
⎝ m3 ⎠ m m m m

Leff 2
Mu ≔ w ⋅ ――= 121.5 kN ⋅ m
8

⎛ ⎛⎝Ast_provided ⋅ fy⎞⎠ ⎞
MuR ≔ 0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast_provided ⋅ ⎜1 - ―――――⎟ ⋅ d = 132.578 kN ⋅ m Which is grater than Mu = 121.5 kN ⋅ m
⎝ ⎛⎝fck ⋅ b ⋅ d⎞⎠ ⎠
hence OK
Check for Deflection:

Ast_required
fs ≔ 0.58 ⋅ fy ⋅ ―――― = 238.638 MPa
Ast_provided
 Ast_provided
pt ≔ ―――― ⋅ 100 = 1.224 kc ≔ 0.9
b⋅d

As it is a singly reinforced beam so

pc ≔ 0 kc ≔ 1

Maximum span by effective

depth ration=
20 ⋅ 0.9 ⋅ 1 = 18 (Cl 23.2.1, IS 456:2000)

Lcc
―― = 17.544 Less than 18, Hence OK
d
Check for Under reinforced section:

xu ⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast⎞⎠
―＝ ―――――
d ⎛⎝0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d⎞⎠

⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast_provided⎞⎠
――――――― = 0.351
⎛⎝0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d⎞⎠

xulimit
――＝ 0.48 oK
d