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Language:
refers to our
spoken, written,
or gestured
words and how
they are
combined to
communicate.
Language: Building Blocks
1. Phonemes: the smallest distinctive
sound unit.
How many phonemes are in the word:
Cheat?
2. Morphemes: the smallest unit that
carries meaning; may be a word or a part
of a word (such as a prefix)
How many Morphemes is in the word
“previewed?”
How many Morphemes is in the word
“rabbits?”
Language: The Rules
Grammar: a system of rules that
enables us to communicate with and
understand others. Includes semantics
and syntax.
–Semantics: the study of meaning;
rules for how we get meaning from
morphemes, words, and sentences in a
given language.
–Syntax: the rules for combining words
into grammatically sensible sentences in
a given language.
Examples of Language Rules
Semantic Examples: adding –ed to end
of word does what?
Adding –s to a noun does what?
Month Stage
(approximate)
12 One-word stage.
VS.
Theory 1: Skinner Believed We Learn
Language Through Learning Techniques
(Class. Cond., Op. Cond, Observation)
(Nurture Argument)
Tools for learning language according to Skinner:
1. Association: associate the sight of things with
certain sound of words
2. Imitation: watch models speaking words and
syntax and then we imitate them.
3. Reinforcement: given positive feedback and
words of encouragement when we speak
correctly.
Theory 2: Chomsky Believes Our Brains
Are Hardwired With Inborn Universal
Grammar. (Nature Argument)
Language is enabled by a:
Language Acquisition Device: humans are
born with innate abilities to acquire language.