Wybór Testów - Krzyżanowski (With Key)

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Henryk Krzyżanowski
WYBÓR TESTÓW Z KLUCZEM

I KOMENTARZEM AUTORA
O L I M P I A D A
JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
POZIOM WG CEF: C1-C2
Grafika na okładce: Gateway Arch, St. Louis, MO, USA
Autor zdjęcia: Daniel Schwen, Wikipedia (Licencja Creative Commons)
Link do grafiki: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/JNEM_detail.jpg
(26.08.2012)
Redakcja: Zespół
Copyright: © Henryk Krzyżanowski
Skład i opracowanie graficzne: DTP Studio GRACE – www.studiograce.pl
Druk i oprawa: SOWA – druk na życzenie® www.sowadruk.pl
ISBN 978-83-62352-06-7
Sieniawa Żarska, 2012
Short passages from novels and other texts have been included in this educational publication under fair use policy.
The Publisher and the Author have made all efforts to correctly identify and assign such excerpts to their legitimate
owners. If any copyright holder feels their rights have been infringed in any way, we would be pleased to rectify any
errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity.
Spis treści:
Od Autora ........................................................................................ 5
Etap szkolny
Test 1 – XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 7
Test 2 – XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 17
Test 3 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 27
Test 4 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ...................................... 37
Test 5 – XXVIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 47
Test 6 – XXXIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 57
Etap okręgowy
Test 7 – XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 67
Test 8 – XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 85
Test 9 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ..................................... 101
Test 10 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 119
Test 11 – XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego...................................... 137
Etap centralny – finał
Test 12 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ..................................... 153
Test 13 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 165
Test 14 – XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego...................................... 177
Test 15 – XXX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 189
Test 16 – XXXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................. 199

Klucz odpowiedzi z komentarzem - Etap szkolny
Test 1 ....................................................................................................... 212
Test 2 ....................................................................................................... 216
Test 3 ....................................................................................................... 220
Test 4 ....................................................................................................... 224
Test 5 ....................................................................................................... 228
Test 6 ....................................................................................................... 232
Klucz odpowiedzi z komentarzem - Etap okręgowy
Test 7 ....................................................................................................... 236
Test 8 ....................................................................................................... 243
Test 9 ....................................................................................................... 248
Test 10 ....................................................................................................... 254
Test 11 ....................................................................................................... 259
Klucz odpowiedzi z komentarzem - Etap centralny – finał
Test 12 ....................................................................................................... 266
Test 13 ....................................................................................................... 272
Test 14 ....................................................................................................... 278
Test 15 ....................................................................................................... 284
Test 16 ....................................................................................................... 290

OD AUTORA
Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego jest jedną z największych licealnych olimpiad
przedmiotowych w Polsce i dlatego przebiega w wyjątkowy sposób. Dość powie-
dzieć, że z przyczyn czysto technicznych z etapu szkolnego do okręgowego można
zakwalifikować nie więcej niż trzy procent uczestników. Oznacza to, że do kolej-
nego etapu przechodzi średnio co trzydziesta osoba! Od połowy lat dziewięćdzie-
siątych liczba uczestników pierwszego etapu znacznie przekracza dwadzieścia
tysięcy rocznie, podczas gdy w zawodach okręgowych uczestniczy już nie więcej
niż sześciuset uczniów.
Testy wykorzystywane od lat na olimpiadzie sprawdzają znajomość angielszczy-
zny formalnej, czyli takiej, którą posługują się wykształceni Anglicy i Amerykanie
w sytuacjach bardziej oficjalnych. Olimpiada na etapie szkolnym nie bada spraw-
ności komunikatywnej – zakłada się, że wszyscy jej uczestnicy potrafią sprawnie
porozumiewać się po angielsku. Ocenie podlega za to bogactwo i zróżnicowanie
opanowanego języka oraz jego poprawność.
Intencją Autora niniejszej książki jest przedstawienie przykładowych testów
używanych na poszczególnych etapach olimpiady wraz z ich krótkim omówie-
niem. Czy pomoże to w rozwiązywaniu nowych zadań? W pewnym stopniu na
pewno tak, choć najlepszą metodą na przygotowanie się do olimpiady pozosta-
je po prostu tradycyjna nauka języka: lektura książek i czasopism, tłumaczenie
w obie strony, studiowanie gramatyk i słowników, oglądanie filmów. Oczywiście
od czasu do czasu warto zajrzeć do testów – choćby po to by stwierdzić: „Ach, to
wcale nie jest trudne.”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
„Ciągła linia _________ wskazuje miejsce, gdzie trzeba wpisać tłumaczenie.

Jej długość nie oddaje długości tekstu do uzupełnienia, ponieważ nasza książka
NIE JEST zeszytem ćwiczeń.”
5
ETAP SZKOLNY
TEST 1
XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 1999
7
W Y B Ó R T E S TÓ W Z K LU C Z E M I K O M E N TA R Z E M AU TO R A
TEST A
Uzupełnij podane niżej tłumaczenia.
a/ Nie licz na Freda. On boi się własnego cienia.

Don’t ________________________________ . He’s afraid of ______________________________________ .
b/ Przy zajmowaniu się tym problemem wykazała dużo zdrowego rozsądku.

She showed a lot of _____________________________ in dealing ____________________________.
c/ Było tak głośno, że nie słyszeliśmy gwizdka sędziego.

It was so noisy _________________________________.
d/ Na powierzchni pojemnika były ślady rdzy.

There were traces _______________________________ of the container.
e/ Lasy, które otaczają miasto, są ogólnie dostępne.
The woods which _____________________________ are open to the public.
f/ Boję się, że z nudy oni mogą zrobić wszystko.

I’m afraid they can do ____________________________ out of _______________________________.
g/ Podnoszenie ciężarów jest wskazane na rozwój mięśni.

________________________ is very good for developing your ____________________________.
h/ Po wyjściu z więzienia do końca życia żył w nędzy.

After coming out ___________________________________ lived ___________________________________ till
the end of his life.
8
XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 1
TEST B
Wpisz brakujące wyrazy. Każda kreska zastępuje jedną literę.
Nie wolno zmienić żadnej z liter już podanych.
PRZYKŁAD:
Is your _ _ m _ _ _ name Adams? f a m i l y
a/ In 1992 the Czech and the Slovak Republics _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ to form two

different states.
b/ Great pianists have to exercise daily; _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ they lose control

over their fingers.
c/ They used empty beer cans as _ _ r _ _ _ _ to shoot at.
d/ In the last years emphasis in car making has _ _ _ f _ _ _ from production

size to cost cutting.
e/ The old man decided that the _ _ a _ _ he had been keeping for 40 years
can only be published 30 years after his death.
f/ I couldn’t hear her remark because she only _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ it in her

neighbour’s ear.
g/ People used to cycle freely along country roads but now feel
too _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by traffic to do so.
h/ If doctors start _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the new drug to patients, the NHS may

need up to £50 million.
9
TEST C
Wyróżnione grupy wyrazów zastąp tylko jednym słowem,
tak by nie zmienić treści całego zdania.
a/ Every year millions of people travelling for religious reasons visit Mecca.
Every year millions of __________________________ visit Mecca.
b/ All the vehicles that were able to be used at that time were sent to the scene
of the crash.
All the vehicles _________________________ at that time were sent to the scene of the
crash.
c/ At noon it cleared up and the sun began to turn the snow into water.
At noon it cleared up and the sun began to ___________________________ the snow.
d/ He doesn’t treat this job as something which he will keep for ever.
He doesn’t treat this job as something ______________________________.
e/ Being taller than most men she never wears shoes which are raised in the
back part.
Being taller than most men, she never wears shoes with high ______________.
f/ The rights of small fractions of the population which differ from the rest
in race are protected by law.
The rights of ethnic _______________________________ are protected by law.
g/ If you have too low an opinion of your opponents, you may lose the match.
If you __________________________ your opponents, you may lose the match.
h/ A rowing boat is moved by poles with blades at the end.

A rowing boat is moved by _____________________________.
10
TEST D
Przetłumacz na polski.
a/ Most of this mail is from would-be stars.
b/ None of our vital services has been crippled.
c/ For their impressive pedigree, they’re cheap.
d/ The results were appalling, regardless of race.
e/ This triggered another arson attack.
f/ Those questioned could not resist peer pressure.
11
TEST E
Uzupełnij tłumaczenia zdań na angielski, nie zmieniając niczego we fragmentach
już przetłumaczonych. Tam, gdzie w nawiasie podano, jak przetłumaczyć jakieś słowo,
nie podano, w jakiej formie ma ono wystąpić w tłumaczeniu.
a/ b/ Dyrektorka powiedziała, że chociaż niektórym dziewczętom nowe mundurki
mogą się nie podobać, szkoła będzie wymagać [= EXPECT], żeby wszystkie
uczennice zaczęły je nosić.
The headmistress said ____________________ uniforms, the school ____________ them.
c/ Eksperci są zgodni co do tego, że nie powinno być więcej niż 50 owiec na

jednego psa.
Experts agree _____________________________ for one dog.
d/ Pan Astor bardzo zainteresował się obrazem, kiedy usłyszał o jego historii.
Mr Astor _________________________ history.
e/ f/ Nie możemy sobie pozwolić, aby nas oskarżano [= ACCUSE] o rasizm. Nie
pozwólmy naszym pracownikom publicznie opowiadać takich dowcipów.
We cannot afford ____________________________ such jokes in public.
g/ Strażnicy postrzelili [= SHOOT] jednego przestępcę i aresztowali drugiego.

Dwóm lub trzem innym udało się [= MANAGE] uciec.
The guards ____________________________ escape.
h/ Proszę nie próbować samemu naprawiać licznika, jeśli nie chcą państwo
ryzykować utraty gwarancji.
repair the meter ____________________________________ if you
_________________________________
__________________________ the guarantee.
12
TEST F
Uzupełnij zdania wyrażające w inny sposób treść zdań wprowadzających.
PRZYKŁAD:
„Hurry up, Sue,” said Mother.
Mother told Sue to hurry up.
a/ Greg was spared a longer stay in hospital because a head scan showed he
had suffered no brain injuries.
Before the introduction of brain scanning technology, Greg _________________
__________________________ much longer.
b/ Mr Grey: We failed to establish who designed our house. It can’t have been
Oranti, who designed almost everything in the neighbourhood.
The Greys are sure that while most neighbouring houses were
designed by _______________________________ was not.
c/ After the theft we made over twenty phone calls to block Gina’s bank ac-
count. I’m not sure that was necessary at all because in the end the girl said
she might have left her credit card at home.
If Gina’s credit card ___________________________________ in the stolen handbag, we
______________________________ so many phone calls.
d/ I’m sure most parents won’t wait for schools to start vaccinating their kids
against flu. They’ll have them vaccinated at private clinics.
By the time the school administration _____________________________ pupils
against flu, most of them ___________________________ at private clinics.
e/ f/ When did the Turks first raise your salary, Mr Finn? How big was the rise?
Mr Finn: I can’t remember now.
Mr Finn doesn’t remember either _____________________________.
13
g/ The new city council has promised that the amount spent on building new
cycle paths will be greatly increased in next year’s budget. Of course, the
cyclists will keep asking for more.
No matter how much money _________________________ next year, ___________________
satisfied.
h/ Police statistics show that there are more accidents in November than in
any other month.
There’s no doubt that as far as accidents are concerned, November
_____________________________ year.
14
TEST G
Wpisz w odpowiedniej formie czasowniki w nawiasach.
Nie należy dopisywać zaimków ani rzeczowników.
a/ Soon after [graduate] _________________________________ job applicants may expect [ask]

________________________________________ the name of the school that they [attend] ____________
__________ or even the courses they [do] _________________________ there. After a few years
though, the name [matter + not] __________________ so much.

b/ [speak] ___________________________ to the victim again, Detective Simm said he [be]
____________________________ sure the attacker [wear] __________________________ a tweed jacket.
c/ The receptionist who answered the phone [want + not] ____________________ to know
if water [leak] _____________________________ from the meter for a few hours or days. All
she [want] _____________________________________ to know [be] _________________________ our ad-
dress and phone number.
d/ The press photos that [be] _______________________________ on display at the Town Hall
for some time now [show] ___________________________ our city to [change] _______________
__ much faster than pessimists [predict] ______________________.
e/ f/ After her attackers [flee] ___________________________, she realised how lucky she
[be] _____________________________ [take] ______________________________ part in a self-defence
course at which she [teach] _____________________________ how to handle heavy objects
that [throw] ___________________________________ at her.
g/ Just suppose we [spend + not] _______________________________ the $1000 on the new
smoke alarm. [be + the firemen] _______________________________ on time to save your
collection? And [regret + not + we] _______________________________ now [be] _____________
__________________ so careless?
h/ It is too early to say when the changes [describe] ___________________________ in the

declaration [make] _________________________________________, but I hope it [be] ________________
_______________ by the end of next year.
15
TEST H
Zakreśl tę formę, która nadaje się do wstawienia w lukę.
a/ The next speaker was quick to point _______________ that information should not be
treated as yet another product.
A/ up B/ down C/ out D/ forward
b/ What helped my parents’ marriage was the ability they both had to fail to
notice _______________.
A/ imperfections of each other’s B/ each other imperfections
C/ each others’ imperfections D/ each other’s imperfections
c/ Which of the offices you’re presently using _______________ the one in Rose House or
at the Plaza?
A/ does it suit you better B/ does better suit you
C/ suits you better D/ does suit you better
d/ There was no point waiting for the rain to stop so the decision to finish the
race _______________ morning was quite rational. Well, no one could have predicted
the rain would go on for two more days.
A/ on following B/ the following C/ next D/ tomorrow
e/ If we allowed our personnel _______________ the customers, we’d soon go out of busi-
ness.
A/ being rude with B/ to be rude with
C/ on being rude for D/ to be rude to
f/ If I had known that the meeting would end _______________, I wouldn’t have gone
there at all.
A/ in chaos B/ with the chaos
C/ with a chaos D/ in a chaos
16
TEST 2
XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 2000
17
WYBÓR TESTÓW Z KLUCZEM I KOMENTARZEM AUTORA
TEST A
a/ Most jest zamknięty dla wszystkich pojazdów łącznie z karetkami i radiowo-
zami.
The bridge is closed to ______________ ambulances and patrol cars.
b/ Najlepsza pora na sadzenie drzew to jesień.

The best time for ______________ .
c/ Co tydzień Mae odkłada trochę pieniędzy na letnie wakacje.

Every week Mae puts some money ______________ for her summer holiday.
d/ Jeśli pomnożysz dwie liczby ujemne, wynik jest dodatni.

If you ______________ the result is ______________.
e/ Nie brak wykwalifikowanych sekretarek, więc znalezienie zastępstwa za Jody

nie będzie problemem.
There is no ______________ secretaries, so finding a ______________ for Jody won’t be a
problem.
f/ Większości podatników ta zmiana się nie spodoba.

Most ________________________________________ the change.
g/ Noże myśliwskie mają często rękojeści z kości.

Hunting _____________________________________
h/ Zapach ziemniaków gnijących w piwnicy był prawie nie do zniesienia.

The odour of potatoes _____________ in the cellar was hardly ______________
18
XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 2
TEST B
a/ The men got into an _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ about the last rugby game and
started yealling at each other.
b/ He was hurt in a train crash but the _ _ j _ _ _ _ _ to his legs were not
serious.
c/ After my slimming diet, I had to _ u _ _ _ an extra hole in my belt.
d/ In the first test flight, the plane _ _ v _ _ _ _ the distance of 400 km in

just two hours.
e/ With farmers complaining of this year’s poor _ _ r _ _ _ _ of sugar beet,

the prices of sugar will almost certainly rise.
f/ She struggled to remain awake but was finally _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ by fatigue

and dozed off in the middle of the lecture.
g/ Seismologists are warning that quakes of similar strength are very

_ _ k _ _ _ in the coming days.
h/ Statistics from both England and Scotland show that young _ _ _ t _ _ _

spend more time outdoors than their peers in continental Europe.
19
TEST C
a/ The setting up of the safety barriers began in the evening and they were
ready in the morning.
The safety barriers were set up _____________________
b/ The work that he does for the department in the Army collecting informa-
tion about enemies is secret.
The work that he does for military ________________________ is secret.
c/ I quit the job I had before the one I have at present because I couldn’t
agree with the boss.
I quit my _____________________ job because I couldn’t agree with the boss.
d/ We feared that the match would have to be played later than planned be-
cause of the rain.
We feared that the match would be ________________ because of the rain.
e/ Before filling out the papers you have to find how heavy every bag is.
First, every bag has to be _______________ and then we fill out the papers.
f/ We returned in mid-August, just for the highest point of the peach season.
We returned in mid-August, just for the _________ of the peach season.
g/ Those early varieties of tomatoes can only be grown in special buildings with
a glass roof and sides protecting them from low temperatures.
Those early varieties of tomatoes can only be grown in _____________________
h/ Pickpockets are very careful in choosing people whose wallets or purses

they are going to steal.
Pickpockets choose their ___________________ very carefully.
20
TEST D
a/ Rabies has now become extremely rare. _______________________________________
b/ If it’s so strongly biased, it’s worthless. _______________________________________
c/ Could it have been a hedgehog? _______________________________________
d/ Another concrete dam would decimate the salmon. _____________________________
e/ No one questioned his sanity. _______________________________________
f/ Are these cups disposable? _______________________________________
21
TEST E
a/ The only situation when a seal might attack people is a cow defending her pup.
Don’t be afraid. The ____________________unless ___________________
___ close to her pup.
b/ Last month Donald declared he was setting out for a cycling tour of Cornwall.
That was the last time any of us actually saw him.
Donald _______________________ since he ________________________
__________ Cornwall.
c/ “How many times did they tell you to do something illegal?” “Never, as far as I
remember.”
Fred cannot recall ever _________________________________ illegal.
d/ If I started to criticize my husband’s way of spending money, he would do the

same about mine.
We avoid possible quarrels by not ____________________________ ways
of spending money.
e/ f/ Switching to the new equipment will take some time because only three or
four of our X-ray technicians are computer literate. The rest are not.
It will take some time before our X-ray _____________________, most
_________________ illiterate, _________________________________ the
new equipment.
g/ Dennis’s doctor has sent him to hospital. She thinks Dennis may have menin-
gitis.
Dennis is ill in hospital _________ suspected meningitis.
h/ It’s good you didn’t put on your kilt for the reception. All the guests were
dressed in navy blue suits.
I think you __________ a bit awkward wearing a kilt. You ____________
the only person in one.
22
TEST F
a/ Gdybyśmy sami nie zaplanowali trasy [= route], moglibyśmy przynajmniej

zwalić winę na organizatorów.
If we ____________________________________________________ the blame on the organisers
b/c/ Wolno nam publikować wszystko, co usłyszeliśmy na seminarium. No,

jedyne dane, których Profesor Fox chciał, żebyśmy NIE publikowali to te
dotyczące nowego paliwa.
We are free to publish _____________________________ at the seminar. Well, the only
statistics ___________________________________________________ concerning the new fuel.
d/ Dla Bena nie może być nic gorszego niż być zmuszonym do zostania
w szkole o dzień dłużej od innych dzieci.
To Ben, nothing could ________________________________________ to stay at school a day
__________________________________ children.
e/f/ Te dokumenty wskazują, że nasza szkoła była wśród dwudziestu paru, które
miały być zamknięte. Ale Rada wystraszyła się reakcji rodziców.
The documents show that ________________________________________ some twenty plus
______________________________ But the Council __________ scared __________________ reaction.
g/ h/ Nie ma sensu jechać do centrum w dwa samochody. Zdecydujmy, czy

bierzemy twój czy nasz.
_______________ point __________________________________ in
two cars. ___________________________________________________
23
TEST G
a/ The choice was simple: either [operate] ______________ on by a doctor
who [be] ____________ on duty for over 20 hours or [wait] ____________
for a fresh doctor [come] ____________ But don’t forget the cut [bleed]
______________ heavily.
b/ Demand for this model [grow] ____________ faster than our analysts
[predict] ____________ and so we couldn’t possibly tell you now when
we [open] ____________ a waiting list. Anyway, the sooner you [place]
____________ your order the better.
c/ d/ Stan must be very touchy about his adolescent looks. If he [be ] ________
less so, he [make + not] __________________ so much fuss about [offer]
_______________ alcohol-free beer by the hostess, who, obviously, meant
no harm she [be + just] ___________________ polite.
e/ Unaware that their actions [record] __________________ on closed circuit

television, the boys [unscrew ] _____________ the lid and [try] _________
[remove ] ____________ it. But it was too heavy [lift] ____________.
f/ Mike Ruben won’t say a word about his salary. But he [say] ____________
[be] ____________ the highest-paid employee in our department. Some
people [say] ____________ he owes his post to [go] ____________ to
school with the President’s wife.
g/ If the book [publish + not] __________________ within a fortnight, [count

+ not] _______________ on making it to the best-seller list by this time,
the public [read] ________________ all your revelations in the tabloids.
h/ It’s high time democratic governments [forbid] ____________ all contacts

with the dictator and [freeze] ____________ his bank accounts.
24
TEST H
a/ I don’t know if the boys knew they were among those few pupils who were
________ a trial test.
A/ made to take B/ let take C/ allowed take D/ made take
b/ not enough potassium in the food that we eat daily. Should we be

________
worried about it?

A/ It is said to be
B/ It is told there’s
C/ There’s said to be
D/ It is said it is
c/ The robbers ________ in a stolen car before the first police car arrived on the
scene.
A/ swept away B/ made off C/ burst through D/ ran down
d/ Don’t forget to bring my umbrella back, ____________

A/ do you? B/ won’t you? C/ will you? D/ can’t you?
e/ While most of Ken’s press conference was pure demagoguery, he ________ one
interesting issue: that of the discrimination of private schools by the Minis-
try.
A/ failed to raise B/ has raised C/ barely raised D/ did raise
f/ During a normal summer, the temperatures in ______ rarely exceed 20°C.

A/ Shetlands
B/ the Islands of Shetland
C/ Shetland Islands
D/ the Shetlands
25
TEST 3
XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 2001
27
TEST A
a/ Ona właśnie wydała album zdjęć europejskich ssaków.

She’s just published an album of photographs of __________________________
b/ Rząd krytykowano za brak realistycznej polityki mieszkaniowej.

The Government was criticised for the __________ of a realistic _________ policy.
c/ Jeśli to zrobisz, bank nieuchronnie zablokuje ci konto.

If you do this, the bank ________________________________ block ________________________
d/ Czy zauważyłeś, że każdy fotel ma skórzaną poduszkę?

Have you noticed that every armchair has __________________________________________
e/ Ze względów na bezpieczeństwo załodze nie pozwolono zejść na ląd, kiedy

statek rozładowywano.
For security reasons, ___________________ were not allowed to go _____________________ as
the ship was being unloaded.
f/ Ona miała niewiarygodne szczęście, bo nie stwierdzono uszkodzeń mózgu.

She was ______________________ lucky because no ___________________________ was found.
g/ Orzechy, które kupiłam, mają strasznie twarde łupiny.

The nuts I have bought have extremely _______________________________________
h/ Ona nigdy nie zgodziłaby się wystąpić nago na scenie.

She would never agree to appear ______________________________________________________
28
XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 3
TEST B
a/ Robert Scott was one of the explorers of the land surrounding the South
Pole.
Robert Scott was one of the explorers of the _______________
b/ The oil slick posed a serious threat to creatures living in the sea.
The oil slick posed a serious threat to _______________ life.
c/ The doctor assured us that Lea will soon return to good health.
The doctor assured us that Lea will make a quick _______________.
d/ It seems that the tank must be letting water out through a hole.
It seems that the tank must be _______________ .
e/ The school moved to the new building in 1899 or 1900, maybe 1901.
The school moved to the new building at the _______________ of the century.
f/ The crisis made the unions agree to a proposal that wages would not rise
during the next six months.
The crisis made the unions agree to a wage _______________ of six months.
g/ He works for a Newport company which sells in large quantities to shop-

keepers or other businesses.
He works for a _______________ company in Newport.
h/ After being sued by her former employer, the poor woman asked to be giv-
en the free services of a lawyer.
After being sued by her former employer, the poor woman asked to be
provided with _______________ aid.
29
TEST C
a/ While not every accident can be _ _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ , we can do a lot to
reduce their number.
b/ Some _ _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ that are used in food processing may be harmful

to children under five.
c/ Chinese spices, which used to be very rare some 20 years ago, are now
_ _ d _ _ _ available on the market.
d/ Members of the special forces are _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ with radio transmitters

allowing their instant location.
e/ She uses some _ _ u _ _ _ _ techniques while painting, such as rubbing

paint onto the canvas with her elbow.
f/ There are decidedly too many _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about the poor quality

of our service.
g/ The kids didn’t need to be _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to join in the game. They all

rushed onto the field.
h/ I read the article very carefully, but found no _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _ to the

problem you mentioned.
30
TEST D
a/ The sharp stones made wading very unpleasant. __________________________________
b/ She was lucky to have escaped with a minimum fine. ____________________________
c/ I pretended not to hear for fear of rekindling the argument. __________________
d/ As far as I know, the late chairman shared this view. ______________________________
e/ I wonder what made him so defiant. _________________________________________________
f/ It turned out eventually a burst pipe was the cause. ______________________________
31
TEST E
a/ Dinah plays tennis better than any of her four brothers. They consider her a
real professional.
________________________ none ______________ beat her at tennis, think she ________________
b/ Farmers say that the present low in turkey prices has been caused by massive
imports in the first months of the year.
If so many turkeys _____________________ in January and February, the current
prices _________________
c/ I refused to sign the contract after my brother-in-law had found some unac-
ceptable clauses in it.
If I hadn’t had ______________________________ signed it, I’m afraid.
d/ ‘Hey, Tom! What are you buying so much sugar for?’ asked Tina. ‘It’s none of
your business.’
Tom wouldn’t tell Tina ________________________________________
e/ Alice is coming tonight. But please, don’t ask her about her former boyfriend.
She’s suffered enough.
I wish my husband _____________________ when she _____________
f/ I told Rosie her behaviour was going to have disastrous effects.

I warned Rosie she was heading ______________________
g/ The Browns have paid at least £1200 for their holiday in Malta, about £400
more than we did.
In comparison with the ____________ holiday in Malta, _____________ relatively
cheap.
h/ ‘If your sister doesn’t come by tomorrow, I’ll understand he’s given up the job,’
said Mr Fox, visibly upset.
When I saw Mr Fox last week, he was upset and said _______________
32
TEST F
a/ Sue oświadczyła, że wychodzi za mąż za tego piłkarza z Hondurasu, co
wszystkie jej przyjaciółki uważają [= CONSIDER] za duży błąd.
Sue has declared she _______________________________________________________________
b/ Z początku p. Rich chciał, żeby nawet najmniej zdolni z jego uczniów mó-
wili po angielsku z akcentem jak w BBC. Ale stopniowo przekonał się, że
jest to nierealistyczne.
At first, Mr Rich __________________________ bright of his pupils ____________________________
with a BBC accent. But he gradually discovered __________________________________
c/ Moim zdaniem najzabawniejszy wierszyk Adama to ten o kocie w żółtym

autobusie.
In my opinion, ___________________________________ the cat on a yellow bus.
d/ Cały czas rozmawialiśmy po niemiecku. Nie mogliśmy używać angielskie-

go, bo p. Bock nie zrozumiałby ani słowa.
__________________________ German all the time. We _______________________________________
e/ f/ Nie traktujmy Maxa tak jak innych studentów. Jego nigdy nie uczono for-
malnej gramatyki
____________________________________________________ formal grammar.
g/ Dopóki Ann się nie wyprowadzi, będziesz musiał zostać u wujka.

______________________________________________ at your uncle’s.
h/ Spóźniliśmy się, bo Stan zapomniał, o której jest pierwszy autobus w sobotę.

We ____________________________ because Stan ______________________________________________
33
TEST G
a/ You’d better [be] ________________ careful in Tom’s office. Since the day a new
carpet [lay] ____________________ there, he [be] ____________________ very touchy about
keeping things in order.
b/ There’s no point waiting for Sue. If she [leave] ___________________ last week’s
meeting earlier and [hear + not ] ______________________ that the date [change]
_____________________, she [come + not] ____________________ tonight.
c/ d/ No matter how Dali’s paintings [evaluate] ___________________ in 50 or 60 years

from now, today his career [see] ________________________ to [be] _______________________
as much a triumph of publicity as of art.
e/ All serious experts [fear] ________________ that the toxic wastes [bury] _____________
deep at the bottom of the ocean sooner rather than later [contaminate]
_________________ sea water, [threaten ] ___________ the very existence of many fish
species or [make] ________________ them unfit for human consumption.
f/ g/ Mary [suspect] ________________ something [be] ________________ wrong, because

when the doctor [tell] ________________ her she [have] ________________ the virus for
several months, she [take] ________________ it very calmly.
h/ [know] ________________ Ursula for all those years, I [expect] ________________ her
to react the way she [do] ________________ . But my boss [be] ________________ rather
shocked when she suddenly [burst] ________________ into laughter.
34
TEST H
a/ She probably __________________ the oven to 200 degrees. Otherwise the baking
would have taken longer.
A/ preheat B/ preheated C/ preheatened D/ had preheat
b/ When it came to taking the dolphin to Bornemouth, we had to call a special

lorry because __________________ creature was too big for my van.
A/ a five-feet B/ the five-feet C/ a five-foot D/ the five-foot
c/ I wasted time and money preparing for the contest. I wish I ________ for US
citizens only.
A/ was told it was
B/ have been told it is
C/ had been told it is
D/ had been told it was
d/ It was a little funny to see the elderly couple looking into each other’s eyes
and holding __________ all through the evening.
A/ their hands B/ hands C/ by hands D/ by the hands
e/ I regret the incident, which needn’t have happened in the first place. But
why didn’t they just tell me alcohol __________ taken into the place?
A/ must not be
B/ must not have been
C/ shouldn’t have been
D/ didn’t have to be
f/ The timing will depend on the results of tests. At a minimum, when the
astronaut finally returns to Earth, she ________ about 60 days onboard the sta-
tion.
A/ will spend B/ has spent C/ will have spent D/ does spend
35
TEST 4
XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 2002
37
TEST A
a/ Dziewczyna miała szczęście, jako że druga nerka funkcjonowała normalnie.
The girl was lucky as the other __________________________________
b/ Fabuła jest nierealistyczna, co jest poważną wadą dla filmu kryminalnego.

_________________________ unrealistic, which is a serious drawback __________________
c/ Ich spotkania często odbywają się w opuszczonych budynkach dla zapewnie-

nia tajności.
__________________ often held in ______________ buildings to ___________ secrecy.
d/ Ojciec ma niezaprzeczalne prawo do spotykania się z dziećmi po rozwodzie.

The father has ___________________________ to see his children after a ___________
e/ Pompa była w kiepskim stanie, ale bezpośrednia przyczyna awarii zostanie do-
piero ustalona.
The pump was in poor condition, but ____________________________________________
remains to be found.
f/ Słowo to jest używane tylko w stylu potocznym a nigdy w dokumentach ofi-

cjalnych.
The word is only used in __________________________ never in formal documents.
g/ Szklanka była niebezpiecznie blisko krawędzi stołu.

The glass was ____________________________________________ of the table.
h/ Lek może wywołać uczucie suchości w ustach.

The drug may cause ___________________________________________ mouth.
38
XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 4
TEST B
a/ How much money can you take from your account above what you really
have on it?
How much ____________ are you allowed?
b/ You start with drawing a line which runs parallel to ground level.
You start with drawing a ____________ line.
c/ Archaeologists have just unearthed parts that were preserved of an 11th

century church.
Archaeologists have just unearthed the ____________ of an 11th century
church.
d/ Newton was not only a scientist studying matter and energy.

Newton was not only a ____________ .
e/ The objective is to study the Sun and the planets surrounding it.
The objective is to study the __________ system
f/ The lawyer’s wife was freed but no money was paid to the kidnappers.
The lawyer’s wife was freed but no ____________ was paid.
g/ The Council monitors the well-being of people that are held in prisons or
psychiatric institutions.
The Council monitors the well-being of ____________
h/ She bought a beautiful ring made of the substance of which an elephant’s

tusks are made.
She bought a beautiful ring made of ___________
39
TEST C
a/ The interview was with Joe Artwell, a _ _ r _ _ _ member of the
board of directors, who resigned in 1998 in protest against the bank’s
investment policy.
b/ He was highly _ r _ _ _ _ _ for his role in bringing about a

compromise solution.
c/ The teachers only _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the twins by dress, which the

kids sometimes used in their favour.
d/ The _ _ r _ _ _ _ about the hurricane came early enough for the

villagers to protect their houses.
e/ The artist uses a _ _ r _ _ _ _ of techniques including oil painting,

stenciling and wood engraving.
f/ Laura, who’s 17, thought that the film was naive, but the
_ _ u _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and Dave especially, were delighted.
g/ While violent crimes are on the rise, the number of prison cells
remains constant, which results in a gross _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
of prisons.
h/ Grey smoke appeared as sulphuric _ _ i _ was poured over the salt.
40
TEST D
a/ Let’s do a swap. _____________________________________________
b/ The cup would probably fetch more in Scotland. ______________________________
c/ She was bewildered but unharmed. _________________________________________________
d/ Thus, looting was prevented. _______________________________________________________
e/ The pressure was positively agonizing. ____________________________________________
f/ Contrary to some lay opinions, it does burn. ____________________________________
41
TEST E
a/ It is only after the recent rent increase that we started thinking that maybe we
should move to a suburb.
Until the recent _______________________ never considered _____________________
b/ “It’s something of a puzzle, really,” said Doctor Adams. “The marshy soil should
have preserved the coins in a much better condition.”
Doctor Adams was puzzled why _______________________________________ poorly.
c/ The officers practically forced the man to sign the document. But they didn’t
bother to translate it for him.
The old man __________ made ______________________________ didn’t understand.
d/ Of course, grizzlies are far more aggressive than black bears, which, scientists
agree, are more peaceful than the other species of bears on the American
continent.
Black bears are said __________________ aggressive of ________________________
e/ It was sunny and the captain of the tanker must have seen the rock. Why did
he fail to react?
____________ there ______________ visibility in the area, ___________________________ collision.
f/ The agreement ending the strike was signed too late to prevent delays, which
on most international flights are reaching six hours.
________________________________ earlier, there _______________________ ________________________________
g/ We will have to use one of several drugs which are known to be effective
against the virus. But first, the presence of the virus must be confirmed.
As long as ___________________________________________________________
h/ As regards money, my husband doesn’t expect anyone to help him. I think this
is the best policy.
In financial matters, I think, we should only rely on ________________
42
TEST F
a/ Kampania była niezwykle kosztowna i obie strony zgadzają się teraz, że pienią-
dze wydane na plakaty można było użyć w lepszy sposób.
The campaign was extremely costly and both sides _____________________________ on
posters _________________________ better way.
b/ Moje pierwsze lata małżeńskie były trudne, bo Ron nigdy nie wiedział, dokąd
będzie musiał jechać jutro ani na jak długo.
My first years of marriage ______________________ Ron never ___________________
c/ Oczywiście wyślemy podziękowania do tych, których zdjęcia zostały zamiesz-

czone [PUBLISH] w letnim numerze magazynu.
Of course, we will send our thanks ______________________________ summer issue of
the magazine.
d/ W tym roku, dzięki dotacji z Ministerstwa, mogliśmy zaprosić więcej artystów,

łącznie z kilkoma z zagranicy.
This year, due to the grant from the Ministry, ___________________________________ more
artists, including some from abroad.
e/ Chłopiec szybko przyzwyczaił się do tego, że zadają mu wszelkiego rodzaju

pytania o jego rejs.
The boy soon ___________________________ all kinds of questions about his voyage.
f/ Na razie zbadaliśmy [EXAMINE] za mało przypadków, by mieć pewność co

do przyczyny.
For the time being, ___________________________ cases to be sure about the cause.
g/ Coś, co miało być rutynowym lotem, zmieniło się w przerażające przeżycie dla
pasażerów i załogi.
routine flight turned _______ a frightening experience for
___________________________
the passengers and crew.
h/ Na każdego agenta pracującego za granicą powinno być co najmniej trzech

oficerów w centrali.
For every agent _______________________________ three officers in the headquarters.
43
TEST G
a/ At that time, it [be] _______ quite a sensation [read] ___________ in the local
paper that the Bears’ coach [decide] ____________ he [have] _____________
enough and [offer] ____________ his resignation.
b/ I couldn’t help [smile] ____________. It [strike] __________ me as odd

that, while not exactly anorectic, the girl [lean] ____________ towards
extreme slimness but her cherished cat [overfeed] ________________
beyond all limits.
c/ d/ If the boy [be] ___________ known [lie] ___________ before, the headmaster
[be] ___________ much firmer. [consider] ___________ the incident as
very serious [teach] ___________ him that dishonesty [pay + not] _________
e/ The map, [draw] __________ on a single sheet of vellum, [show] ______

the world from the perspective of Jerusalem.
f/ g/ It [believe] ____________ the operation [begin] ____________ to bring about

the desired effect. Since it [start] ______________________, the street price of
heroin [rise] ____________ over 350 per cent. But it is too early to claim success
as a similar operation in Italy in 1998, which initially [say] _______________
[be] ____________ a breakthrough, now [seem] _______________________
[end] _______________ in failure.
h/ We just wanted to know when the exhibits that [restore] ___________________

at the moment [return] ________________ to the main hall. Believe me, no criti-
cism [intend] ____________
44
TEST H
a/ In Croatia, you will not find as many first-class slopes as in Austria, but still
you will find ___________ .
A/ quite few B/ the few C/ quite a few D/ just few
b/ This is how we start the procedure: first, ___________ his or her partner.
A/ let every member of the team chooses
C/ let’s every member of the team choose
B/ let every member of the team to choose
D/ let every member of the team choose
c/ The true nature of 11 September still escapes recognition: never before ________
so close to evil impersonated.
A/ we have come
B/ did we come
C/ we did come
D/ would we come
d/ His successes ___________ down in an effort to minimize a possible impact on

the younger voters.
A/ have often played
C/ might have been playing
B/ were often played
D/ did occasionally play
e/ It’s logical ___________ use objective tests to grade their students’ work are con-
sidered to be fairer.
A/ that teachers that
C/ that such teachers who
B/ that the teachers which
D/ for the teachers who
f/ As editor-in-chief of The Star, Goldman became ___________ that he could al-

most decide local elections.
A/ such powerful man
B/ such a powerful
C/ so powerful
D/ so powerful man
45
46
TEST 5
XXVIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 2003
47
TEST A
a/ Tego mężczyznę widziano za kierownicą czerwonego Ferrari.
The man was seen ________________________ a red Ferrari.
b/ Dała się przekonać, że wyjazd jest w jej interesie.

She let herself be ___________________________________ was in her interest.
c/ Wszystkie flagi opuszczono do pół masztu.

All the flags ___________________________ to half mast.
d/ Król przeciwny był wszelkim reformom, które mogłyby zagrozić jego absolut-
nej władzy.
The king was opposed to any reforms that _________________ his absolute rule.
e/ W wieku 22 lat była w stanie utrzymać siebie i młodszego brata.

At 22, she ________________________ of supporting herself and her younger brother.
f/ Jego problemem jest to, że pogardza ludźmi, z którymi musi pracować.

His problem is that he ____________________ the people he has to work with.
g/ Większość z nas uważała, że ta reklama jest w złym guście.

Most of us considered the ad to be in ________________________
h/ Przez następne 30 minut jechaliśmy krętą wiejską drogą.

For the next 30 minutes we went down a _________________ country road.
48
XXVIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 5
TEST B
a/ The ceremony is held on the day preceding the wedding.

The ceremony is held on the ____________________ of the wedding.
b/ With the rainfall covering the period of one year of 750 mm, this is a very
humid place.
With the _____________________ rainfall of 750 mm, this is a very humid place.
c/ In those day the radio was relatively common, while TV was still something
that could be seen in very few households.
In those days, the radio was relatively common, while TV was still a __________ .
d/ By law, a woman who divorced must wait six months before entering an-
other marriage.
By law, a woman who divorced must wait six months before _________________
e/ Although she knew he was there, she chose to fail to notice him as a punish-
ment.
Although she knew he was there, she chose to ____________________ him as a
punishment.
f/ Being a person who travels regularly from home in a suburb to work in a city
is harder than you think.
Being a _____________________ is harder than you think.
g/ The clash between her dreams and the actual world around her was rather
brutal.
The clash between her dreams and ___________________ was rather brutal.
h/ After the war most people lived in the state of having no money and no
material possessions.
After the war most people lived in extreme ____________________ .
49
TEST C
a/ As a result of the bombing the centre of the city was burnt to the
_ _ o _ _ _.
b/ Their arguments became more heated as he started to accuse his wife of

spending money _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _.
c/ In the _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ of Alaska in 1866, the US bought the land from

Russia for less than 2 cents an acre.
d/ Among the most common symptoms of _ _ _ fever are the watering of

the eyes and nose and constant sneezing.
e/ A rescue operation was launched after receiving _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ signals

from the sinking trawler.
f/ In those days horses were more _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ than cars in the centres

of big cities.
g/ The phoenix was a _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ Arabian bird that lived up to five

hundred years and then rose again from its ashes.
h/ Those early settlers were _ _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ British, with inhabitants of

continental Europe accounting for no more than 10% of the total.
50
TEST D
a/ Lavish gifts from suitors. ____________________________________________________
b/ Next to a toll-free section of I-65. ______________________________________________
c/ Two stitches? It’s no big deal! _______________________________________________
d/ Avoid giving offense gratuitously. ________________________________________
e/ She waived the appraisal fee. ____________________________________________________
f/ Let alone their lupine ancestors. _____________________________________________
51
TEST E
a/ Zaczęło się źle i szybko się pogorszyło. Przede wszystkim pogoda okazała
się daleko gorsza niż się spodziewaliśmy.
It ______________________________ rapidly _________________ First of all _______________ turned
out _____________________________________________________
b/ Pierwszym krokiem w terapii powinno być nakłonienie [=GET] pacjentów

by uwierzyli, że mogą zmienić swój styl życia.
The first step ________________________________________________________ their lifestyles.
c/ Wielu z nas miało mało pieniędzy albo wcale, ponieważ miało nie być do-
datkowych opłat ani biletów.
Many of us ____________________________________________ additional fees or tickets.
d/ Aczkolwiek jest pewna poprawa w ostatnich latach, w Pacyfiku jest dziś

mniej wielorybów niż na początku XX wieku.
While ________________________ improvement in recent years, _____________________________
e/ Dlaczego nikt nie może mi powiedzieć, gdzie mogę znaleźć odpowiedź na

moje pytanie?
Why __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
f/ g/ Prawda jest taka, że my sami często zaniedbujemy [=NEGLECT] swoje

obowiązki lub zachowujemy się nieodpowiedzialnie. Więc nie zarzucajmy
[=BLAME] innym, że robią to samo.
The truth is _____________________________________________________________________ irresponsibly.
So, ____________________________________ for _______________________
h/ Nie powiedzieliśmy matce, dokąd idziemy, bo byłaby zbyt przestraszona.

We didn’t ______________________________________________________________________ too scared.
52
TEST F
a/ I took the job because no one told me the weekends were unpaid. Of course, I
quit after finding out.
If I _____________________________________________________________________
b/ “Don’t worry,” said the clerk. “If the letter was only posted yesterday, you’ll get it
tomorrow at the earliest. US mail normally takes three days to be delivered.”
After your phone I went to the Post Office, where a clerk told me that if
your letter _______________________________________________________________________ at the earliest.
Well, it turned out I had to wait another week.
c/ I can’t do much about it, but I don’t like the way you as my pupils treat one
another.
Our teacher disapproves ___________________________________________________
d/ The Stars have beaten the Redcaps twice before. But this time the Redcaps are
considered to be almost certain to win.
having ____________ to the Stars twice before, the Redcaps are
_______________
expected to win this time.
e/ It’s possible the boss was offended by your remark. Another possibility is that
he misunderstood you.
The boss ________________________ by your remark or he ______________________
f/ We must act now. Construction work on the bypass may start in ten months or
so. Then our protests won’t matter at all.
It ________________________ late to protest once construction ___________________
g/ Cock fighting matches can no longer be organized on the island. They were
banned about ten years ago.
_______________________________________ able to watch ____________________ a decade.
h/ While schools are satisfied with the new system, we’ve had complaints from a
few. Well, we’ll have to look more closely at those few.
We’ll have to find out more about _______________________________
we __________ complaints about the new system.
53
TEST G
a/ b/ When I [forbid] ____________ Mike to go with me, he [fly] ____________ into a rage
and [throw] ____________ a dictionary at me. If I [bow+not] _______________ my
head, I [hit] _____________ .
c/ d/ The situation is still difficult as thousands of unlucky passengers [stick] ____

_________ at the airport [wait] ____________ [tell] ______________ when the regular flight
schedule [restore] _______________ .
e/ Right now Mr Theopoulos [go] _____________ through a difficult period and

[ask] ____________ whether he [consider] ____________ himself successful, he just
[smile] ____________ and [say] ______________ nothing.
f/ g/ How long he [lie] _____________ unconscious, he [tell+not] ______________. Judging

by his physical condition, the doctors said it [be] ______________ a week or so.
h/ Next year I [qualify] _____________ for citizenship as I [reside] _______________ in the

country over the required limit of ten years.
54
TEST H
a/ At this moment we cannot _______ the natural causes of the crash.
A/ stamp out B/ give away C/ rule out D/ turn over
b/ Since the fence _______ ready for the opening ceremony, we had to hire extra
workers, which was a strain on the budget.
A/ must have been B/ should be
C/ was to have been D/ had to be
c/ We cannot solely base our judgement on _______ we’ve heard from the chil-
dren. Let’s talk to the parents, as well.
A/ this what B/ what C/ that which D/ which
d/ This is getting really urgent. Let’s not wait any longer, _______
A/ don’t let’s B/ do we C/ shall we D/ don’t we
e/ The atmosphere was good because those involved were looking forward to
_______
A/ have all the doubts cleared

B/ having all the doubts cleared
C/ clear all the doubts
D/ having cleared all the doubts
f/ The bombing was a shock. Never before _______ evil in its pure form.
A/ did we see B/ we have seen
C/ was it such D/ there was such
55
56
TEST 6
XXXIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP SZKOLNY 2008
57
TEST A
a/ Dywan był czysty, ale kolory były lekko spłowiałe.

The rug was ___________ but the colours were slightly __________________
b/ Wyglądała wspaniale w naszyjniku swojej babci.

She looked great in _______________________________________________
c/ Każda z wież jest chroniona piorunochronem.

Each of the towers is protected ______________________________
d/ Na środku sali był stół w kształcie podkowy.

At the centre of the room _________________________________________ table.
e/ Ten poziom decyzyjny wymaga najwyższego stopnia kompetencji.

This level of decision-making _______________ the highest _______________________
f/ Na okładce jest fotografia motyla na liściu.

On the _______________ there is a photo _____________________________________
g/ Wielu ludzi witało Papieża jako wysłannika pokoju.

Many people greeted ____________________________________________
h/ W dwa dni po wyroku, lekarz został ułaskawiony przez Prezydenta.

Two days after the sentencing, the doctor ______________________________________
58
XXXIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 6
TEST B
a/ She accompanied her speech with movements of the hands and head express-
ing anger.
She accompanied her speech with angry ______________________
b/ The information that Kate gave in court was enough to clear Davis of the
accusations.
Kate’s _______________ in court was enough to clear Davis of the accusations.
c/ We were greeted by the joyful sound made by Ann’s two collies.

We were greeted by the joyful ______________ of Ann’s two collies.
d/ After two years of drought, the river lacked sufficient depth for navigation.
After two years of drought, the river was too _______________ for navigation
e/ Throughout the meeting, the manager sat at his desk without speaking a
word.
Throughout the meeting, the manager sat at his desk _____________________
f/ Every Friday Ibrahim went to the Muslim house of worship to pray.

Every Friday Ibrahim went to the _______________ to pray.
g/ In the 1960s, the appearance of a new film format occurred at the same time
as the advent of battery operated electric movie cameras.
In the 1960s, the appearance of a new film format __________________ with the
advent of battery operated electric movie cameras.
h/ As a young boy, I got very interested in the sport of fighting with swords.
As a young boy, I got very interested in _______________
59
TEST C
a/ Ford and General Motors are major car _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
b/ The harbour is surrounded by _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for storing goods

unloaded from ships.
c/ After reading the report, the mayor dismissed it as _ _ b _ _ _ _ not

worth considering.
d/ His job requires emotional _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ _. Being soft and giving in to

feelings would mean a complete disaster.
e/ If we win both the matches, we will _ _ _ l _ _ _ for the next round.
f/ To inject the medicine the nurse picked up a _ _ l _ of skin on the child’s

belly.
g/ Our research is directed not at groups of people but at _ _ _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ _

and their reactions.
h/ She’s the most _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ person I know; she never thinks about

herself, always about other people.
60
TEST D
a/ Dodging puddles wasn’t easy. _____________________________
b/ The lodge will satisfy even the most hard-core anglers. _________________________
c/ The act got him some short-lived notoriety. _____________________________
d/ upset at the havoc wrought by the slugs _____________________________
e/ a gaze of utter bewilderment _____________________________
f/ Its benign form is awesome. _____________________________
61
TEST E
a/ Okolica ma bardzo złą opinię, bo co jakiś czas napadają kogoś chuligani.

The area has a very bad reputation __________ every ________________________ punks.
b/ Ogólniejsze pytanie o to, czemu nie ma u nas więcej aborygeńskich modelek

na wybiegach w ogóle nie padło.
A wider __________ of ____________________ on our catwalks ____________ never _____________
c/ Lista słynnych ludzi pochowanych w Opactwie Westminsterskim obejmuje

poetów, dyplomatów, i żołnierzy.
_________________________________________________________ includes ______________
d/ Fakt, że nie pamiętam, żeby p. Falk coś takiego mówił. Mój wspólnik też nie
pamięta.
The fact is _______________________________________________________________ partner.
e/ W pewnej chwili Niemcy walczyli z resztą kontynentu i nie zostali pokonani

[=DEFEAT]
At one point, the Germans _________________________________________________________
f/ Wydaje mi się to podejrzane, bo nie może być aż tylu ludzi zadających iden-
tycznie sformułowane pytanie.
To me, it seems __________________________________ an identically worded question.
g/ Nawet gdyby to kosztowało [=BE] o połowę mniej niż mówi Rita, byłoby to
nadal nieosiągalne dla większości kupujących.
Even if __________________________________________________ out of reach ___________________________
h/ Żeby zaimponować kumplom, Ted udawał, ze chodzi [=DATE] z miss pięk-

ności swojej szkoły.
To impress ____________________________ to __________________________ beauty queen.
62
TEST F
a/ It was impossible to hold the test flight as planned because of the hurricane
that hit the area on that day.
The test flight had to be delayed __________ day ______________________ scheduled
___________________________ hit the area.
b/ All the main characters of the movie are fairly unappealing. This is why it
doesn’t have a chance of becoming a box office hit.
none _________________________________ likeable, _______________ never become a box
__________
office hit.
c/ Without a written agreement, they will not know what to expect from us and
we will not know what to expect from them.
Without an agreement neither _________________________________________________
d/ The last serious incident at Malaga airport that required an investigation by the
Aviation Authority occurred in the early 1970s.
The Aviation Authority ____________________________________________________ over 35 years.
e/ On the first day, Pam was stung by a wasp. Fortunately she is not allergic to
wasps so we were able to continue the trek.
If Pam ___________________________________________________________ the trek.
f/ Under the new law, wearing a helmet is obligatory for all bikers under 16.
__________________ requires __________________________________________
g/ The club spokesman officially ruled out Ruby’s return to the team.
The club spokesman declared officially that Ruby’s _____________________ question.
h/ “You must never sunbathe again,” the doctor said to Amy.

When Amy last saw Dr Russ about her skin problems, he told her she
____________________
63
TEST G
a/ b/ Contrary to what the public [tell + currently] _______________________, most deaths
[prevent] ________________ with a better organisation of the rescue. That’s why
the victims’ families [claim] _________ those responsible [stand] _________ trial.
c/ When I [discover] ____________ I [be] ___________ pregnant, I [come] ______________

under tremendous pressure from my Mum [have] ______________ an abortion.
But now, [look] ______________ at my lovely Cindy, I [imagine+not] ______________
[abort] ______________ her.
d/ The story that he [spun] _______ in a tabloid about how he [forsake] __________ at
sea in a makeshift raft temporarily [swell] ______________ his fame. But the bal-
loon [burst] ____________ when his ex-wife [shed] ____________ some light on his
former problems with the IRS.
e/ f/ The point of stressing practice runs so much is that when it [come]

____________ to [overtake] ______________ other cars during the real race, there [be]
______________ nothing [be] __________ afraid of because you [do] ________________ it so
many times before.
g/ h/ Well, security [be + not] ______________ tighter. At the entrance you [produce]
______________ your invitation (without [request] ______________, of course) and
[accompany] ______________ to a special room where you [wait] ___________

[search] _____________ and [have] ____________ your handbag [x-ray] ____________. Then
a uniformed attendant [lead] ______________ you into the hall where you wait in
a long line [seat] _________________ in a plush chair. All this with IC cameras
[watch] ______________ you all the time.
i/ I [speak] __________ to Ted two months after his appointment. He [be] _________
completely frustrated because in his opinion he [do] ______________ things he
[do + not] _____________________ in his capacity as project manager.
64
TEST H
a/ He was fined for driving ___________ the red light.

A/ across B/ over C/ on D/ through
b/ Several times we tried to show Mr Dobbs the risks but he __________ persuaded.
A/ wouldn’t have been B/ wouldn’t be
C/ might not have been D/ hasn’t been
c/ The battalion withdrew ________ and so there were almost no casualties.

A/ in orderly way B/ in an orderly manner
C/ so orderly D/ very orderly
d/ After 9/11 the world has changed and so we are increasingly getting used
________ to personal searches at airports.
A/ to being subjected B/ to subject us

C/ to be subjected D/ being subjected
e/ Let’s stick to what was decided ________ meeting. Any changes might cause
chaos.
A/ on the yesterday B/ on yesterday
C/ at yesterday’s D/ at the yesterday’s
65
66
ETAP OKRĘGOWY
TEST 7
XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP OKRĘGOWY 2000
67
GRAMATYKA 1
1. The type of camera used at the bank entrance operates with a five-minute
break every two hours. So, if they’re unlucky, they _________ the robber’s face.
A/ needn’t have recorded B/ might not have recorded
C/ can’t have recorded D/ couldn’t have recorded
2. Never try to reach him on _________ an auction at the Globe. He’s so busy he
doesn’t even answer phone calls.
A/ days on which he conducts
B/ days on that he conducts
C/ one of the days, when he conducts
D/ the day, that he conducts
3. I don’t think we managed to keep the incident secret because by the time
Ron _________ the smoke alarm off, half of the residents must have realised
something unusual was going on.
A/ could switch B/ has switched
C/ would have switched D/ switched
4. They go to great lengths to prevent confidential information about their

customers from being leaked to the press. They know that _________ would be
used against them by their competitors.
A/ any such leak B/ whatever such a leak
C/ any such a leak D/ however such leak
5. In those days Kevin was definitely past the peak of his career and so, at the
concerts I saw, his scantily-clad female escorts _________ more applause than
his own performance.
A/ would receive B/ would have received
C/ could have received D/ might be receiving
6. An awful lot of people are envious _________ Ben’s living standard, without
considering his hard work.
A/ for B/ about C/ at D/ of
68
XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 7
7. Until that day no one had raised any serious objections about the sports
centre. Nor, even when answering speeches made by the opposition, _________
its excessively high cost.
A/ has the mayor had to defend B/ the mayor had been defending
C/ the mayor did have to defend D/ did the mayor have to defend
8. I’m afraid the building had no luck with architects. _________ style it had origi-
nally was lost in the redecorations done in 1950.
A/ Little B/ What little C/ What a little D/ A little
9. We were really overwhelmed by the kids’ willingness to share. In some cases

we _________ .
A/ had even received money donated as Christmas presents
B/ even had money received as a Christmas present donated
C/ had even had them donate the money received at Christmas
D/ even had to receive money donated by them at Christmas
10. Judging by recent experience, the Board’s opinion is bound to be positive

provided there _________ more complaints about racial discrimination.
A/ will be no B/ wouldn’t be C/ are no D/ were no
11. Fred is rather uneasy about the fact that his wife’s salary at the welfare agen-
cy is higher than his. This is why he sometimes makes ironic comments
about those who _________ .
A/ do good out of doing well B/ make good out of doing well
C/ do well out of doing good D/ make well out of doing good
12. Surprisingly enough, the metal parts under the deck _________ much faster
than those exposed to rain. Of course, we couldn’t leave it at that.
A/ have been rusting B/ had rust
C/ rusted D/ rust
13. Even the most experienced planners, _________ with conflicting demands of
various lobbies and pressure groups, will occasionally make some stupid
decisions.
A/ when will be faced B/ as long as are not faced
C/ when are faced D/ when faced
69
14. In view of the latest spate of burglaries in the area, the fact that Granddad
keeps insisting _________ appears only too natural.
A/ upon having new locks fitted B/ to have new locks fitted
C/ to have fitted new locks D/ on his having fitted new locks
15. What’s so harmful about teen magazines is that they drill home the message
that _________ in such areas as rock music or fashion.
A/ there’s easy money to make
B/ there’s money made easy
C/ there’s easy money to be made
D/ there are ways of money making
16. I’ve been told that at this phase of the disease surgery is the only safe option.
_________ with antibiotics, he might have developed blood poisoning.
A/ If he was only treated B/ Had he only been treated

C/ If he would have been treated D/ Has he only been treated
17. The girl said she did not feel handicapped and did not think her Dad’s ap-
peal _________ an additional practice run of the racecourse was justified.
A/ for her to have B/ she should have
C/ to be given D/ for giving her
70
GRAMATYKA 2
1. Nawet nie pytając pani Grey o zdanie, mogę pana zapewnić, że wolałaby
[= PREFER] zostać w obecnym biurze. Ale nie wątpię, że zgodzi się, by ją
przeniesiono [= MOVE] do jednej z filii, jeśli będzie musiała.
Even without asking Mrs Grey’s opinion, _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________ one of the branches, _____________________
2. Niepotrzebnie tak długo czekaliśmy z zawiadomieniem policji. Ale

zadecydowaliśmy, że jeśli kamera zostanie zwrócona do jutra, incydent
można potraktować jako nieważny.
_________________________ if the camcorder _______________________________ unimportant.
3. Aczkolwiek obiecywano nam, że informatyka wprowadzi nas do raju wol-

nego od papierów, smutna rzeczywistość jest taka, że od wprowadzenia
komputerów zużycie papieru rośnie w tempie dwudziestu procent rocznie.
While ______________________________ the information technology ______________________
us into a paper-free paradise, the sad reality is ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________ at the rate of twenty percent a year.
4./ 5. Podejrzewamy, iż chłopcy, którzy twierdzą [= CLAIM], że przyglądali

się partii szachów na dziedzińcu muzeum, mogli się tam ukrywać podc-
zas obławy policyjnej. Jest faktem, że żaden nie był w stanie wytłumaczyć
nawet najbardziej podstawowych reguł gry.
We suspect that the boys, who ______________________ in the yard of _________________
there during the police raid. The fact is _____________________ rules of the game.
6. Nie jestem pewien czy to w zeszłym roku czy dwa lata temu wysunięto
pomysł nowego zegara słonecznego. Tak czy owak najwyższy czas, żeby
rada miejska coś w tej sprawie zrobiła.
I’m not sure now _________________________ idea of a new sundial ________________________
forward. Anyway, _____________________________ something about it.
7. W niedziele chłopcy mogli wybierać: kilku pojechało w góry, inni poszli na

żagle nad jezioro Genewskie, a czterech czy pięciu zostało w hotelu oglądać
NBA w telewizji.
On Sundays the boys ______________________________________________________________________.
71
8./ 9. Nie wymagaj, by Nora traktowała cię poważnie dopóki nie zdejmiesz [=
REMOVE] ze ściany w swoim biurze zdjęć byłej narzeczonej. Działasz jej
tylko na nerwy a z siebie robisz głupca, kiedy zaczynasz jej opowiadać, jak
one ładnie wyglądają.
Don’t expect Nora ___________________________________________ the wall in your office.
You’re only _________________________________________________________________________________________.
10. Przed przyszłorocznym turniejem trzeba będzie podwyższyć [= RAISE]

środkową część muru tak, by zawodników na korcie pierwszym i trzecim
nie oślepiało popołudniowe słońce.
Before next year’s tournament, the middle part ____________________________________
__________________________________________________ afternoon sun.
11. Jeśli nie widzieliście numerów samochodu, jak mógł pan rozkazywać swoim
ludziom, żeby do niego strzelać? Mogli postrzelić kogoś niewinnego.
______________________ the car’s plate numbers, ________________________________________________.
____________________________________________________________________________ an innocent person.
12. Inżynierowie ostrzegają nas, że odbiór będzie się pogarszał przez co naj-
mniej cztery następne lata, zanim nie zacznie się polepszać mniej więcej
w połowie przyszłej dekady.
Engineers are warning us that reception _______________________________________________
_____________________________ better some time in the middle of the next decade.
13. Jako podatnik nie mogę zrozumieć, czemu samotna matka nie mogłaby
podjąć pracy nie przestając dostawać jakiegoś wsparcia od gminy. Przy-
najmniej jeśli praca, którą dostanie, jest kiepsko płatna lub w niepełnym
wymiarze.
As a taxpayer, ______________________ while continuing _____________________ some
support from the council. At least, ________________________________________ part-time.
14. Czasem się mówi, że kolor auta odzwierciedla [= REFLECT] osobowość

właściciela. W każdym razie wolałbym nie spekulować na temat, co skłoniło
tatę Tiny do zmiany granatowego Volvo na jaskrawo-żółtego garbusa.
The colour ___________________________________________________________ personality. Anyway,
_______________________________________ his navy blue Volvo for a bright yellow Beetle.
72
15. Większość osób, z którymi te plany omawiano, były przeciwne rozstawieniu

ławek, co, jak obawiało się wielu z nich, tylko będzie ściągać w to miejsce
chuliganów i pijaków.
Most of __________________________ against the setting up of _______________________________
______________________________________________ troublemakers and drunks into the area.
16. / 17. Nawet jeśli na razie grzejniki sterowane komputerowo są około dwa razy
droższe od tradycyjnych, cena z pewnością pójdzie w dół. Tak jak przy in-
nych rzeczach, im więcej gospodarstw [= households] będzie się interesować
ich zainstalowaniem, tym będą się stawały tańsze.
Even if, for the time being, computer-controlled heaters _______________________
_________________________________________ As with other things, __________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
18. Jestem sceptykiem co do ceramiki, którą Greg chce przywieźć z Grecji. On

powinien sobie uświadomić [= REALISE], że obecnie mało gdzie maluje się
ją w sposób tradycyjny.
I’m sceptical about the pottery ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________ that these days hardly
__________________________________________________________________________ the old way.
73
SŁOWNICTWO
1. His sense of _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ made him a very good referee who never
favoured either side.
2. After the performance, the spectators stood up and _ _ a _ _ _ _ their

hands enthusiastically.
3. Before the Congress started, groups of delegates _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ in hotel

rooms to discuss various issues.
4. She married Ken only because she was afraid of having to live in
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the rest of her life.
5. All you need is your driving licence; no _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ document is

required.
6. The juice of this plant is strongly _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ _. Half a pint would kill you.
7. After Tim Locke’s resignation, there’s bound to be a strong contest for the
_ _ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the party at its next congress.
8. Let’s give Grandad a bottle of cognac, _ _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _ Camus or

Henessy.
9. If you break the speed limit, you may be _ _ n _ _ as much as £200.
10. They’ve had more than their fair _ _ _ _ _ of hard work on this project, so
now let them take a rest.
11. Tina’s _ _ k _ _ _ _ _ to her older sister is quite extraordinary; you could

almost take them for identical twins.
12. He must have been very _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in his speech as he managed to

convince all his listeners.
13. You may try to solve the test by making wild guesses only, but the
_ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of success is very low.
14. If he doesn’t send us an _ _ _ l _ _ _ for his scandalous behaviour, I will

break off relations with him.
15. The three _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are length, width and height.
74
16. With no _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for his wife’s feelings, he went on to

discuss his mother-in-law’s meanness.
17. His stupid action may have no _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ consequences, but its

long-term effects will be very bad.
18. They’ve remained on friendly terms after the split. She sometimes calls
him _ _ k _ _ _ _ _ her honorary boyfriend.
19. The list strikes me as incomplete; among the most important

_ _ i _ _ _ _ _ _ are Lord Baker and Ken Smith, whose absence will raise
many adverse comments.
20. In her fear of gaining weight, she carefully avoids all foods which she thinks
to be _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _; as a result, she eats little else but vegetable salads.
21. We will start work as soon as the firm _ _ _ v _ _ _ _ us with all the
necessary equipment and materials.
22. It was not just one bang. The drunken man _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hit the door
with a metal bar.
23. The earthquake completely destroyed the electricity pylon, which was
now a shapeless pile of _ _ _ s _ _ _ metal and broken cables.
24. Despite appeals for _ _ i _ _, the secessionists walked away from the
congress and formed a separate party.
25. I found his _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ to make new acquaintances after his wife’s

death somewhat embarrassing.
26. There are no witnesses because the tragedy _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ in the early

hours of the morning.
27. Both a football field and a tennis court are _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in shape.
28. When the _ _ e _ _ of a sunflower are ripe, they can be eaten or crushed
into oil.
29. He was insulted by the attackers but, contrary to what the papers said,
suffered no _ _ d _ _ _ harm.
30. She’s too _ _ d _ _ _ when she says she mainly owes her success to good
luck. I know how hard she has worked for it.
75
31. Don’t cut yourself! The knives are no longer blunt as Dad has just
_ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ them all.
32. If the _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ of the plank is only three inches, don’t use four-inch
nails as the ends will stick out.
33. In a course on arithmetic, multiplication should be taught before

__v_____.
34. The noise that you can hear is the film _ _ n _ _ _ _ back to its cartridge
after the last photo was taken.
35. You have cheated him on several occasions so don’t be surprised that he
_ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ you.
76
CZYTANIE
1. The weather in Champagne averages a chilly for grapes 50 degrees. The

_________________ gives the grapes relatively high acidity and low levels of sugar.
A/ use of a local variety of yeast

B/ warmth of long summer days
C/ recipe, secret for generations
D/ long, slow ripening season
2. Collins compares the completion of the human genome to establishing the

periodic table of the elements. That 19th-century achievement allowed chem-
istry to progress from a hit-or-miss discipline to a predictive, applied science.
_________________ will give biology the basic information it needs to move from
simply describing life to being able to control it.

A/ Having the human genome in place
B/ In much the same way, digital analysis
C/ Now, as the millennium gate is open, it
D/ Undergoing simplification, the genome
3. Once you’re in the job market, where you went to college _________________, early in
your career. Companies don’t know much about young employment candi-
dates. A shiny credential (an Ivy League degree) may impress. But after that,
what people can or can’t do counts for more.
A/ makes no professional impact
B/ may matter for a few years
C/ will predetermine a great deal
D/ sets you for success or failure
4. There were heavy coloured stones in her ears and heavy rings on her fingers,
including a moonstone and _________________ that may have been a real emerald
but somehow managed to look as phony as a dime store slave bracelet.
A/ an emerald in a silver setting
B/ some emerald-ringed silver
C/ a silver-bound emerald set
D/ a huge emerald sitting on silver
77
5. Even rich countries are sending mixed signals: Japan’s Y2K team has assured
everyone that _________________, yet the government has recommended that citi-
zens stockpile food and batteries for the holidays.
A/ the country’s failure to act is not risk-free
B/ some positive development is still possible
C/ its computer networks are bug-resistant
D/ no computers will go mad without a cause
6. The affluent society endows teachers, if not with moral and intellectual au-
thority, then at least with a new power over their pupils. Under conditions
where the _________________ is very tight, the school becomes an important agency
for the distribution of ‘life-chances’.
A/ budget of an average school authority
B/ bond between occupation and schooling
C/ formal discipline in an oversized group
D/ pressure of newly globalized competition
7. The Uruguay Round took eight years to complete not surprising, given that the
World Trade Organization _________________. That is hard to come by given funda-
mental conflicts between rich countries and poor or exporters and importers.
A/ consents to one operation
B/ has yet no ‘modus operandi’
C/ operates by consensus
D/ is hardly an ‘ad hoc ‘ operation
8. A man in a striped vest and gilt buttons opened the door, bowed, took my hat
and was through for the day. Behind him in dimness, a man ____________a black
coat and wing collar with grey striped tie leaned his grey head forward about
half an inch and said: ‘Mr Marlowe? Come this way, please. ‘
A/ having stripped me easily of
B/ in striped knife-edge pants and
C/ whose edged knife pointed at
D/ with a knife sticking out of
78
9. The slogan of ‘the right to work’ was a protest as much against social ine-
quality as against harsh living conditions. _________________ in economic terms, it
launched the idea that liberty and political equality were negligible, or indeed
valueless, in comparison with food and clothing.
A/ While wording the unions’ campaign
B/ A daring political idea in itself, perceived
C/ Being thus able to express both these aims
D/ Nevertheless, by formulating this protest
10. However one defines home, for many young members of society its prin-
cipal characteristics will apply _________________ the place in which they live. For
some, the school is the only place where an adult takes a real interest in their
progress. A teacher may well be the only male presence in their lives, and the
only real (rather than media-concocted) adult role model.
A/ to school more than to
B/ a strategy derived from
C/ universally, regardless of
D/ skills of great utility for
11. I got into the boat and sat beside him under the screen. The boat slid out over
the water. There was _________________ an angry bubbling along both sides of the
shell. Once more the lights of Bay City became something distantly luminous
beyond the rise and fall of alien waves.
A/ an exhausting pull rewarded with
B/ a silence and then an inhaling of
C/ no sound from its exhaust now but
D/ scarcely time for exhaling before
12. Old products and arts are often retained and put to new uses in economic life
after new work has made them obsolete. The United States probably _____________
“the age of sail,” although their purpose has changed.
A/ has lost the excellence of craftsmen of
B/ has more sailboats than it had in
C/ still depends on technologies from
D/ no longer needs the skills vital in
79
13. If a child is backward in reading there are many possible explanations. For
one thing it is useful to understand that mere forwardness at an early age, ____
_____________, does not appear to be of great significance. Reading seems to come
to some children early. Others, who will become perfectly competent readers,
may not be reading until a year or more later.
A/ no matter how rare B/ not uncommon now
C/ in most forms D/ or its reverse
14. Fighter pilots, as a breed, put physical exercise _________________ that made up the
right stuff. They enjoyed the rude animal health of youth. They put their bodies
through dreadful abuses, often in the form of drinking bouts followed by lack
of sleep and mortal hangovers, and they still performed like champions.
A/ before most other activities
B/ in the priority box of pastimes
C/ as a precondition, something
D/ very low on the list of things
15. We whipped past a distant cluster of lighted buildings and an endless series
of lighted mansions, not too close to the road. _________________ a huge green polo
field with another equally huge practice field behind it, soared again to the
top of a hill and swung mountainward up a steep hill road of clean concrete
that passed orange groves.
A/ We dipped down to skirt
B/ Speeding, we climbed past
C/ Dashing swiftly through
D/ We avoided being jammed at
16. If other continents had lived through Europe’s dark century, when nation-
states twice fought themselves to a bloody standstill _________________, they, too,
would wonder if sovereignty was as important as it was claimed to be.
A/ not being able to prevent confrontation
B/ despite all the claims to the contrary
C/ in the name of national interest
D/ almost reaching mutual extinction
80
TEST LUK
W każdą z luk należy wpisać po JEDNYM słowie.
Wyrazy gramatyczne, takie jak „the”, „a”, „n’t”, „’ve”, etc są uważane za osobne wyrazy
i mogą być wpisywane tylko samodzielnie.
Napisanie tego testu będzie łatwiejsze, jeśli rozpoczniesz od przeczytania całego tekstu.
The game went along smoothly for the first four innings, and there had not
been a single protest or argument over Vick Shore’s decisions, even though he had
made some close ones that would certainly have caused an argument if two teams
of men had been playing baseball. However, in the first half of the fifth inning,
a slender dark-haired girl on the Orange Blossoms team hit a slow-rolling infield
grounder and was thrown out at first base. At least, Vick Shore called her out. Sud-
denly there was a loud uproar on the Orange Blossoms bench. Immediately after
that, the captain of the Orange Blossoms team ran out on the field waving her arms
excitedly and loudly protesting Vick Shore’s decision on the play at first base.
Vick looked surprised to see the girl 1/___________________________ the way she was and
he acted 2/ _______________________________ though he did not know what to do in a case
like that. He was still standing there with a dumbfounded 3/ __________________________
on his chubby red 4/ _________________________________ when he realized that he was
5/ _________________________________ surrounded by all the girls on the Orange Blossom
team. There was so much excitement on the 6/ _________________________________ by the
time that nobody in the park could hear what was being 7/ __________________________,
but most people sat back and 8/ _________________________ for the confusion to
9/ ____________________________, thinking it was merely a momentary 10/ _______________________
of the game. Probably everybody there thought that Vick Shore, being the
experienced 11/ ______________________ that he was, would quickly 12/ _______________________
the excited girls and in a few minutes the Orange Blossoms 13/ ______________________
go back to their bench and 14/ ___________________________ the game continue.
However, that was 15/ ____________________________ what did not happen. In the midst
of all the commotion, 16/ ____________________________ suddenly jerked off his umpire’s
81
17/ ____________________________, flung it on the ground with all his 18/ ________________________,
and walked stiffly 19/ ____________________ the field without even 20/ ________________________
looking backward over his shoulder.
There was scarcely a 21/ __________________________________ in the whole park when Vick
22/ _____________________________________ over the left-field fence and disappeared in the
23/ ______________________________ of his barbershop. Probably 24/ ____________________________ it
was such an unusual thing to see an umpire 25/ ________________________________________
like that in the middle of the game and walk 26/ _________________________________ the
field, it was a long time before people realized what had happened. Finally,
27/ ___________________________________, after a delay of about twenty minutes, the game
28/ ____________________________ resumed.
The manager of the barnstorming tour persuaded the athletic coach of the
Delta high school, who was one of the spectators in the grandstand, to finish
umpiring the game and there was not a single protest by either team after
that. The Louisiana Queens won the game by the score of five to three.
Adapted from Vick Shore and the Good of the Game by Erskine Caldwell
82
KULTURA
1. The American Declaration of Independence was signed in ...
A/ White Plains B/ Boston C/ Philadelphia D/ Saratoga
2. Virginia Woolf can be associated with ...
A/ Woodstock B/ Bloomsbury C/ Limerick D/ Brighton
3. Which English king began the conquest of Ireland?
A/ William the Conqueror B/ Richard the Lionhearted
C/ Henry II D/ Henry VIII
4. Both John Ford and Billy Wilder ...
A/ were conductors at Carnegie Hall
B/ directed Oscar-winning movies
C/ won Pulitzer prizes for journalism
D/ had exhibitions at the Guggenheim Museum
5. Ernest Hemingway did NOT write...
A/ Death in the Afternoon B/ Tropic of Cancer
C/ Green Hills of Africa D/ Winner Take Nothing
6. Stormont can be associated with ...
A/ horse racing B/ the Druids
C/ the Church of England D/ parliamentary rules
7. The Song of Hiawatha was written by...
A/ Henry Longfellow B/ Walt Whitman
C/ Henry David Thoreau D/ Harriet Beecher Stowe
8. Peter Ackroyd is a well-known...
A/ lexicographer B/ archaeologist
C/ fashion designer D/ biographer
9. Who said this: “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by
so many to so few”?
A/ Winston Churchill B/ Lloyd George
C/ George VI D/ Bertrand Russell
10. The battle of Culloden was fought in ...
A/ 1688 B/ 1703 C/ 1746 D/ 1775
11. Which of them is NOT an African writer?
A/ Alan Paton B/ Nadine Gordimer
C/ Chinua Achebe D/ V.S. Naipaul
83
12. Which of these states does NOT border with Canada?

A/ Montana B/ North Dakota C/ Wyoming D/ Washington
13. Saul Steinberg drew his cartoons mostly for ...
A/ Walt Disney B/ Punch C/ Playboy D/ The New Yorker
14. The Japanese surrender was signed on board the American battleship ...
A/ Enola Gay B/ Missouri C/ Midway D/ Coral Sea
15. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the...
A/ Norman Conquest B/ martyrdom of Thomas à Becket
C/ battle of Crcy D/ capture of Joan of Arc
16. Frank Gehry is a/an ...
A/ architect B/ antitrust lawyer C/ ecologist D/ geneticist
17. London University was established in the ....
A/ 14th century B/ 15th century C/ 18th century D/ 19th century
18. Both Microsoft and Boeing operate from the State of...
A/ Texas B/ Washington C/ New York D/ Arizona
19. Which poet wanted to “see a world in a grain of sand”?
A/ William Blake B/ John Milton
C/ Alexander Pope D/ John Donne
20. The Everglades National Park is in...
A/ Florida B/ Alaska C/ Hawaii D/ California
21. The Peace Corps was established in...
A/ 1945 B/ 1955 C/ 1961 D/ 1976
22. Jim Dixon is a character created by...
A/ William Golding B/ Malcolm Lowry
C/ Kingsley Amis D/ Graham Greene
23. India and Pakistan became independent in ....
A/ 1945 B/ 1947 C/ 1951 D/ 1956
24. George Gershwin composed ...
A/ Oklahoma! B/ West Side Story
C/ An American in Paris D/ South Pacific
25. Canterbury is ............. of London.
A/ northwest B/ northeast
C/ southwest D/ southeast
26. The construction of the Panama Canal was begun under President ...
A/ Theodore Roosevelt B/ Woodrow Wilson
C/ F. D. Roosevelt D/ James Monroe
84
TEST 8
XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP OKRĘGOWY 2001
85
GRAMATYKA 1
1. We feared the boy might have developed an addiction as a result of the treat-
ment and ________ put on a detox programme. Luckily, though, the threat did
not materialise.
A/ would have to be B/ would have been
C/ would have had to be D/ must have been
2. The power returned quickly - but no sooner ________ to viewers than it failed for
a second time.
A/ would Gaby Rocco apologise B/ had Gaby Rocco apologised
C/ Gaby Rocco could apologise D/ Gaby Rocco did apologise
3. Mr Wayne’s presentation of possible versions of the reconstruction of the main
building was absolutely fascinating, but _______ brought us down to earth.
A/ quoted sums B/ the quoted sums
C/ sums quoted D/ the sums quoted
4. Every document may matter because the __________ left no archive.
A/ unit whose very existence was a secret
B/ unit, that the very existence was a secret,
C/ unit of which the very existence was a secret
D/ unit, the very existence of which was a secret,
5. The pancakes at Fred’s birthday party last year were slightly burnt. Tell Fred he
should flip a pancake over the moment it __________ . As for the recipe itself, it’s OK
A/ started to set B/ starts to set
C/ did set D/ will start setting
6. The woman kept screaming ________ all her property, while, in fact, the thieves
took away an old TV.
A/ as if she lost B/ like she had lost
C/ as though she had lost D/ as if she has lost
7. Both girls confirmed they had been subjected to sexual harassment but ____
______ its nature. We thought it was better not to press them.
A/ couldn’t have specified B/ wouldn’t have specified
C/ might not specify D/ wouldn’t specify
8. After spending several years on the problem, they are beginning to despair
________ a solution.
A/ ever to find B/ about ever finding
C/ of ever finding D/ on ever finding
86
XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 8
9. With only 40 minutes left to the takeoff, we _________ along the motorway
at 120 mph.
A/ sped B/ have speeded
C/ have been speeding D/ have sped
10. It must have been a shock for Hugh to be told by his doctor that orchids and
gardenias, which he __________ in his garden for no less than a decade,
were among the most powerful allergens.
A/ used to grow B/ was growing
C/ had grown D/ has been growing
11. I don’t see why the headmistress acted the way she did. If she __________ the
problem on her own, why the hell did she call the police and go public with it?
A/ was able to solve B/ could have solved
C/ could solve D/ would solve
12. The reader has to be warned that __________ a bit of a monster, on occasion
tyrannical, cruel and selfish.
A/ the Poe who emerges from the book is
B/ Poe, who emerges from the book, is
C/ Poe who emerges from the book is
D/ the Poe, who emerges from the book, is
13. I never quite understood how Irma managed to arrange __________ among the
five most promising painters of the decade.
A/ listing her B/ being listed
C/ to be listed D/ for her being listed
14. The fire had practically been put __________ before the fire brigade arrived.
A/ off B/ away C/ down D/ out
15. The list has shown a marked difference along the sex lines: while Babe is num-
ber four in the men’s top ten, it doesn’t __________ the women’s list.
A/ make it into B/ make for
C/ make it good at D/ quite make up in
16. The experts’ calming comment on radiation data will only appear next Mon-
day and whether or not people __________ notice, the harm to the reputation of
the place has already been done.
A/ will take B/ take C/ will have taken D/ would take
87
17. If you only asked them, the villagers would prefer __________ for a subsidy from
the Ministry which might be effective no sooner than in 2001.
A/ to have the bells cast at their expense rather than wait
B/ having the bells cast at their expense to waiting
C/ to have the bells cast at their expense to waiting
D/ having the bells cast at their expense than wait
88
GRAMATYKA 2
1. Jeśli jutro twoim przeciwnikiem będzie John Turner albo, jeszcze lepiej,
jego brat bliźniak, twoje szanse na wygraną będą całkiem dobre, bo żaden
z nich nie jest leworęki.
If your opponent tomorrow _________________ or, preferably, his twin brother,
your chances of ______________________________________________________________ a left-hander.
2. Projekty zostały wykonane niezależnie przez dwóch malarzy, którzy nawet

nie wiedzieli o swoim istnieniu.
The designs ____________________ independently by _________________________ existence.
3. Nie ma powodów do alarmu. Jak dotąd nic, co powinno być utrzymane

w tajemnicy [= SECRET] nie wyciekło [= LEAK] do prasy.
There’s no cause for alarm. So far _________________________ to the press.
4. Moglibyśmy wstępnie zaplanować kolejną imprezę [= EVENT] na wrzesień

pod warunkiem, że nie będzie skarg od mieszkańców po jutrzejszym kon-
cercie. Ale tego nie będziemy wiedzieli przed przyszłym tygodniem.
We might tentatively ______________________________ September on ____________________
complaints from residents _________________________________
5. Nie mieliśmy dokąd pójść, bo centrum miasta było zniszczone przez bom-
by. A tych kilka budynków, które pozostały, zajęło [= OCCUPY] wojsko.
We had ___________________________________________________________________________ by bombs.
And __________________________________________________________ the military.
6./ 7. Tego, że Bob Ray prowadzi duże ciężarówki znacznie dawniej niż którykol-
wiek z pańskich kierowców nie da się całkowicie zignorować. Co powie-
dziawszy, muszę przyznać [= ADMIT], że nie miałbym nic przeciwko temu
[= MIND], żeby się go pozbyć.
The fact ___________________________________________ any of your drivers ______________________
altogether. _________________________________________
8. / 9. Nie traktujmy tego, co zrobiła Anna, jako oznaki wyjątkowej siły charakte-
ru. W takich okolicznościach każdy przyzwoity reporter odmówiłby poda-
nia policji nazwisk czy adresów.
______________________________________________ as a sign of exceptional integrity.
In those circumstances any decent reporter _________________

89
10. Mamy nadzieję, że nowy aparat fotograficzny znacznie ułatwi policji iden-
tyfikację łamiących ograniczenia prędkości.
We hope that the new camera ___________________ far _________________ speed limits.
11. Poprzednie kody trzeba było zmienić po tym, jak stwierdzono [= FIND], że
zostały złamane [= BREACH] przez jakiegoś nieznanego hakera operujące-
go z Dalekiego Wschodu.
The previous codes _______________________________ to ________________ the Far East.
12. Im gorszy klimat, to znaczy, im mniej pada śniegu, tym gorzej idą interesy
[=BUSINESS] producentom sprzętu narciarskiego. Zeszły rok był najgor-
szy w pięćdziesięcioletniej historii.
__________________________________, I mean, ______________________ manufacturers of skiing
equipment. _____________________ on record in 50 years.
13. Wszystko, co tato chciał wiedzieć, kiedy Dr Cohen powiedział, że nie wol-
no mu używać tak dużo cukru w swoich przepisach, to to czy cukier natu-
ralny zawarty w winie jest O.K.
__________________________ when Dr. Turner told him that ____________________ in his
recipes ____________________________________ contained in wine ____________
14. Inspektorzy wybierali losowo co siódme ogłoszenie. Nie zdziwiłbym się,

gdyby się okazało [= TURN OUT], że aż dwie piąte prywatnych nauczycieli
nie płaci żadnego podatku.
__________________ randomly picking _______________________________________
15. Nowa rzeźba Baxtera została zadedykowana bezdomnym, co nie oznacza,

że pieniądze, które za nią dostanie, będą wydane na cele dobroczynne [=
CHARITY].
________________________ was dedicated ______________________________________
16. Czy żadnego z oficerów, z którymi rozmawiałeś, nie zaintrygowało to, jak
sześciu ludzi mogło wejść na mur bez zauważenia ich przez nikogo?
______________________________ puzzled about ___________________
17./18. Dosyć nas zdenerwowało, kiedy usłyszeliśmy, że znowu dostarcza się

[= DELIVER] mleko o czwartej rano. Po tym jak ponad trzystu mieszkań-
ców złożyło skargę, miało nie być wczesnych dostaw.
We were rather angry to hear ____________________________ early morning deliveries.
90
SŁOWNICTWO
1. They must be _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ their dog. Look at how fat it’s become!
2. The customs officer opened the Greek’s rucksack and started examining
its _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ .
3. We had no specific destination and spent the afternoon
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ around the city.
4. The news was _ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _ by the all national radio stations
5. I was _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ to Boris for his help. Without it I wouldn’t have
finished the job on time.
6. The jar is made of _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ glass so we can see how much
juice is left.
7. Frozen butter is very hard and has to be _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ by warming it.
8. Halfway through the conversation they _ w _ _ _ _ _ _ to Punjabi and
I could no longer understand them.
9. This commercial was so sophisticated that an average _ _ e _ _ _ might
have failed to get its point.
10. The redecoration will greatly improve our standard of living. But for the
time being, it is causing us a lot of _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
11. I was surprised by the _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ of the statue - it can’t have been
heavier than half a pound.
12. This harvester can only be used in a flat country, but it’s useless in
_ _ u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ areas.
13. As Mr Grant appeared at the rostrum, the boys looked
_ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at his war decorations.
14. It’s difficult to give the exact meaning of this expression, but
_ _ _ s _ _ _ translated it means “Don’t worry”.
15. Our vacuum-cleaner got stuck after _ _ c _ _ _ _ in a roll of film.
16. The men _ _ r _ _ their heads as a sign of respect for the passing funeral.
17. We hoped Jason would win one of the medals but to our great
_ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ he didn’t qualify to the finals.
91
18. Don’t forget your sunglasses. We’ll be travelling _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ and so

will face the rising sun all the time.
19. He started by offending the Liberals, which was an extremely
_ _ o _ _ _ _ thing to do as they were the only councillors ready to
support him.
20. The Count, who’s rather tightfisted with his family, makes very
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ donations to charities.
21. If the show had been really _ _ _ _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ , all the audience would
have stayed till the end.
22. We called a locksmith, who replaced the _ _ u _ _ _ latch.
23. The new monitors will be _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ replacing the present ones. But
it cannot be done overnight.
24. The Oder makes a natural _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ between Germany and Poland.
25. He thought about inviting Miss America to his birthday party but
_ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ the idea as unrealistic.
26. In the divorce case Laura accused her husband of _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ his
paternal duties.
27. The winner does not _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ have to be the best; he may
have been exceptionally lucky.
28. He said something about _ _ l _ _ _ _ up our sleeves and getting to work.
29. Sending food to the area is a matter of utmost _ _ g _ _ _ _ . Those people
cannot wait a day longer.
30. The rumours about sharks attacking people had become so
_ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that there were no bathers.
31. The machine is _ _ w _ _ _ _ by two solar batteries.
32. The film’s _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ was written by the same Welsh author on
whose novel it is based.
33. About twenty arrests were made before the match; many more during it.
Police say over sixty people were detained _ _ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _.
34. He is _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ill and the doctor is telling us to expect the worst.
35. The new offer was a major _ _ _ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the negotiations; it
allowed us to sign an agreement in one day.
92
CZYTANIE
1. By starting treatment early, and interrupting it for brief periods once they had the
virus under control, all of the study’s eight participants were able to bolster their
immune responses. Indeed, five of the eight have now been off treatment for pe-
riods of eight to eleven months and their infections are still well under control.
A/ For most patients the experiment ended some months ago.
B/ The experiment may have started eleven months ago.
C/ At some points none of the patients was taking medicines.
D/ More than half of the patients have been cured.
2. The author has done a first-rate job of fact-finding, clearing aside many myths,
particularly about the London childhood, but it must have been a daunting
task, for Chaplin’s own versions of events differed widely, often for self-serv-
ing reasons but sometimes simply because he didn’t know the truth himself.
A/ Chaplin used to lie to his biographers.
B/ Chaplin disagreed with his biographers.
C/ Chaplin often forgot facts of his own life.
D/ Chaplin’s biographers would tell lies.
3. Instead of taking four cars to every race, I planned to use two two-car teams
and leapfrog them. That way, while we were racing in one event, the other two
cars would be en route to the next. On the completion of the first event, the
drivers and mechanics would go by train to the next while the cars went on
to a third race. This system would enable us to make every major race in the
country.
A/ Every single driver was to take part in every second race.
B/ Every single mechanic was to be present at each race.
C/ We had more cars than drivers for them.
D/ Some cars would only run in every third race.
4. Shaolin is a metaphor for the new China a country hungry with dreams,
scrambling for profits. But Buddhism and business don’t mix easily. Turf wars
over which schools lay claims to the true Shaolin traditions and the right to
make money off them have obscured the spiritual side of things.
A/ The economy may be destroying high culture.
B/ In China tradition can slow down growth.
C/ Buddhists act as pioneers of economic growth.
D/ Social peace depends on economic growth.
93
5. Consider welfare policy. By making no moral distinction between the widow

or deserted wife and the never-married mother, it sends out the message that
the stigma attached to illegitimacy (and by extension to female promiscuity)
is no longer taken seriously.
A/ Many women are behaving irresponsibly.
B/ The welfare state undermines traditional morality.
C/ Many men are becoming more tolerant.
D/ The sexual revolution acts against morals.
6. The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat can be increased
that’s what aerobic fitness is but only so far. You can’t pump out any more blood
than the heart’s chambers can hold; barring evolutionary changes that increase
the size of human hearts, that volume is pretty much fixed.
A/ Aerobics and evolution are contributing to greater fitness.
B/ The amount of blood pumped out per minute will never change.
C/ Those who do aerobics have slightly increased hearts.
D/ Evolution only might increase the volume of the heart.
7. There was one iron-clad rule: all controversy had to be forgotten when the
meeting ended. I set a precedent for that right off the bat by making a couple
of recommendations that would not work, letting myself be proved wrong and
accepting it in good grace. As far as I know, no one ever realized that I was de-
liberately setting up straw men so that they could be knocked down.
A/ The author tried to prevent arguments among his staff.
B/ The author was able to foresee his staff ’s reactions.
C/ At times the author was not acting in good faith.
D/ The author cared about defusing criticism from his staff.
O O O O O O O
8. If you were successful, if you and the council could bribe or bully the local
farmers to allow __________, cut swaths through the treeline for the cable pylons
and the ski-runs, the rest was publicity and amenities for the public to eat
their sandwiches.
A/ the right additions made to their homes
B/ the public to rent bed and breakfast
C/ right-of-way through their pastures
D/ skiers to use the country roads
94
9. To investigate the roots of laughter, Provine has __________. If you tickle a chimp
(carefully, and preferably a baby), it will likely laugh, but the sound doesn’t
resemble human laughter so much as it does panting, with one sound per
inhale and exhale.
A/ tried some fairly ingenious tests
B/ had monkeys act as performers
C/ experimented on various animals
D/ turned out to our primate cousins
10. All pilots, German and Allied alike, strove to gain an advantage over the ad-
versary. The advantage could have been in superior flying ability and marks-
manship, in equipment, in numbers. When __________ and neither could gain the
advantage, then there was no battle.
A/ any of these was lacking
B/ both felt superior
C/ chance decided the outcome
D/ the sides were even
11. I accepted racing as __________. Once I had been capable of throwing a monkey
wrench over the grandstand when things were not going well; now I figured
that I could not win them all, so I might as well accept with good grace those
that I lost. I tried to get in the habit of wearing a smile.
A/ an ego-boosting experience
B/ a step towards self-reliance
C/ a chance to enhance my image
D/ a great teacher of sportsmanship
12. James put his breakfast on the desk and, with some difficulty, managed to
prise open the double window. He removed the small bolster that lay ________
to keep out draughts, and blew away the accumulated dust and small fly-
corpses. The cold, savourless air of high altitudes rushed into the room.
A/ shattered to pieces, no longer able
B/ along the sill between the panes
C/ underneath, with the possible aim
D/ behind, firmly blocking the handle
95
13. Western scientists tend to distrust studies that have been done in China, where
__________ to withhold treatment to any patient. This makes it next to impossible to
use control groups that accepted clinical testing methods require.

A/ it is considered unethical
B/ low-budget researchers have
C/ accepted standards still allow
D/ traditional healers never agree
14. James kicked one boot into the groove of the Marker toe-hold and knelt
down, feeling __________ that went behind his heel. It was too short. Coolly, un-
hurriedly, he adjusted the regulating screw on the forward latch and tried
again. This time it was all right.
A/ for the steel cable
B/ a piercing pain
C/ a stir of excitement
D/ angry at the latch
15. Sport is a perfect exemplar of the truth that globalization has not swept all
before it. __________ radio, television and now the Net, different nations continue
to have very different ideas about which sports really count.
A/ Encouraged by the quasi-total presence of
B/ In view of massive sport coverage on the
C/ Notwithstanding the worldwide reach of
D/ With splendid indifference towards the
96
TEST LUK
Sally had many dreams, and one of them was to live in San Francisco in
a house like Barbara’s and preferably within walking distance of Barbara,
whom she idolized. She decided that Joe should set up practice in such
a house. It was precisely the place and life for a physician that fitted in with
her plans. Joe thought 1/ ___________, and this led to their first 2/ _______,
wildly emotional on her 3/ ______________, stolid on his, and followed
by a 4/ ________________ reconciliation. Joe had his own plans, which he
had 5/ _________ out during the long, wretched years in the South Pacific.
He wanted to operate a 6/ ___________ in East Los Angeles, an 7/ _______
known as the barrio and inhabited for the most 8/ ____________ by poor
Mexicans, or Chicanos, as they call 9/ _____________________ in Southern
California. He would have no part 10/ ____________ Russian Hill or a lucrative
San Francisco 11/ ___________ . He had no good memories of San Francisco,
and he remembered 12/ _________ too vividly the stories Feng Wo, his
grandfather, 13/ ________ told him of the virulent anti-Chinese 14/ ________
that once infested the city. He had 15/ ____________ up in Los Angeles, and
16/ ____________ an affection for the city that was 17/ ____________ Sally’s
understanding.
Joe applied to the Lavette 18/ ________________ for a grant, and with it
he acquired and old, one-story, brick 19/ ____________ on Boyle Avenue in
Boyle Heights. He then went into 20/ ____________ with Frank Gonzales,
whom he had known from medical school and who had been with him in the
army. They remodeled the old warehouse 21/ ____________ a neighborhood
clinic, with examining rooms, an X-ray room, a room for minor operations,
97
and a 22/ ________________ emergency beds. They charged a very nominal

23/ ______________, for those who could afford it, and 24/ ______________
at all for those who couldn’t. For Gonzales, a small, dark, serious Chicano, the
25/ ____________ was the fulfillment of all his 26/ ________________, and
he looked upon Joe Lavette as one of the Apostles might have looked upon
his Master. Sally, who felt that her husband fell 27/ ____________ short of
sainthood, adapted to the situation and accepted it. 28/ ____________ the
baby came, she worked part time at the 29/ ____________ desk of the clinic.
They had purchased a tiny house near Silver Lake, a place in East Los Angeles
that was no lake at all but a large, concrete-lined basin filled with water,
surrounded by a chain-link fence and rows of dismal, dreary houses. It was
the sort of place from which Sally was repelled at first sight and which did not
grow on her. Joe felt that they had to live in East Los Angeles, and accepting
that decision, Silver Lake was as good a place as any. Sally, having spent most
of her life in the Napa Valley, found Silver Lake loathsome, even more so than
the barrio where the clinic was.
Adapted from The Establishment by Howard Fast
98
KULTURA
1. Which US party has the elephant as its symbol ?
A/ the Republicans B/ the Democrats
C/ the Green Party D/ the Reform Party
2. Which of them acted in The Bridge on the River Kwai?
A/ Ralph Richardson B/ Laurence Olivier
C/ John Gielgud D/ Alec Guinness
3. Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story explores the theme of...
A/ Pygmalion B/ Macbeth
C/ Odyssey D/ Romeo and Juliet
4. The Battle of the Little Big Horn was in....
A/ 1775 B/ 1836 C/ 1862 D/ 1876
5. The oldest public school in England is ...
A/ Eton B/ Harrow
C/ Winchester D/ Charterhouse
6. Dean Moriarty is one of the characters created by .....
A/ Philip Roth B/ Joseph Heller
C/ Jack Kerouac D/ E.L. Doctorow
7. The Tate Modern, which opened in May 2000, is housed in a former....
A/ theatre B/ bus depot C/ warehouse D/ power plant
8. Australia has a population of
A/ 19 million B/ 24 million C/ 36 million D/ 51 million
9. Which philosopher wrote of ‘the greatest happiness of the greatest number’?
A/ Jeremy Bentham B/ Thomas Paine
C/ John Stuart Mill D/ Bertrand Russel
10. The US President at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis was....
A/ Dwight Eisenhower B/ J.F. Kennedy
C/ Lyndon Johnson D/ Richard Nixon
11. How many justices does the US Supreme Court have?
A/ seven B/ nine C/ eleven D/ fifteen
12. Cornwall is linked with ...
A/ tin mining B/ apple orchards C/ coal mining D/ cod fishing
13. Sir Francis Drake was knighted by...
A/ Henry VIII B/ Elizabeth I C/ James I D/ George I
99
14. The Hoover Dam is on the ....

A/ Ohio River B/ Tennessee River
C/ Colorado River D/ Missouri River
15. St Andrews University was founded in the ....
A/ 2nd half of the 14th century B/ 1st half of the 15th century
C/ 2nd half of the 15th century D/ 1st half od the 16th century
16. Benjamin Britten composed....
A/ Troilus and Cressida B/ A London Symphony
C/ War Requiem D/ A Child of Our Time
17. The first film studio was built in Hollywood in
A/ 1900 B/ 1911 C/ 1918 D/ 1928
18. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister in....
A/ March 1938 B/ September 1939
C/ May 1940 D/ September 1940
19. John Grisham did not write...
A/ A Time to Kill B/ The Firm
C/ The Chamber D/ The Waterworks
20. The poet Sylvia Plath was married to...
A/ Graham Greene B/ Ted Hughes
C/ Arnold Wesker D/ Malcom Lowry
21. James Watson and Francis Crick were the first to ....
A/ study the human genome
B/ devise a model of DNA
C/ identify a human immunodeficiency virus
D/ explain the neuromechanism of Alzheimer’s disease
22. ‘The Big Apple’ as New York’s nickname was first used in...
A/ New Orleans B/ Hollywood C/ Havana D/ Chicago
23. Jane Austen was the author of
A/ Prince Regent B/ Washington Square
C/ Mansfield Park D/ Wesssex Tales
24. The American gold medalist who scared Hitler away from his grandstand
at the Berlin Olympics was...
A/ Johnny Weismuller B/ Jim Thorpe C/ Mark Spitz D/ Jesse Owens
25. D. H. Lawrence’s father was a/ an....
A/ coal miner B/ aviator C/ clergyman D/ farmer
26. Which country has a prominent place in George Orwell’s writing?
A/ Burma B/ Nepal C/ Cuba D/ Austria
100
TEST 9
ETAP OKRĘGOWY 2002
101
GRAMATYKA 1
1. Frances is a real lady. Could you imagine _______ those shocking things?
A/ her telling B/ her to be told
C/ her to have spoken D/ her saying
2. The warriors from the legend _______ the Vikings as historians date their earli-
est raids on these shores two or three centuries later.
A/ might not have been B/ can’t have been
C/ might not possibly be D/ wouldn’t rather have been
3. Sports commentators are rather unanimous in putting the blame for the vio-
lence at _______ on the police.
A/ the last night’s match B/ last night match
C/ the match of last night D/ last night’s match
4. Of course, if your students had only made recordings for themselves, _______ ,
there wouldn’t have been a problem. But as soon as they tried to cash in on it,
they broke the law.
A/ like do most B/ as do most
C/ like did most D/ same as had most
5. Even if members of the Muslim community in Britain _______ much better off,
the ethnic riots of last June would have been just as violent. The causes are
hidden deeper than in the economy.
A/ had been B/ have been C/ were D/ would be
6. An initial search found nothing suspicious, but the vessel is now moored ______ the
Isle of Wight and a detailed examination is expected to take at least two days.
A/ ashore B/ into C/ aground D/ off
7. Tina’s flat refusal _______ about her finances was understandable, especially if
the preacher was to be her uncle Robert, who was nearly bankrupt himself.
A/ of being preached at B/ at being preached
C/ to be preached at D/ to being preached
8. Getting panicky, he tried ____ four-d igit combinations or so, but the lock did not turn.
A/ some other twenty B/ other twenty
C/ another twenty D/ the other twenty
9. Let’s not talk about plagiarism too soon. Even if Joe Luciani _______ a similar
song in the ‘50s, this composer could have used the motif unintentionally,
just without knowing it was someone else’s tune.
A/ did indeed record B/ would have recorded
C/ may have recorded D/ has indeed recorded
102
XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 9
10. The change is too slow. One has to admit that since the Board _______ the open-
ing of the college for Asians and Africans, the progress in actual numbers has
been less than impressive.
A/ has officially welcomed B/ officially welcomed
C/ has officially welcome D/ officially welcame
11. We had to be cautious as we no longer dealt with a bunch of amateurs; the en-
emy this time were highly-trained commandos with _______ of urban warfare.
A/ the firsthand experiences B/ a firsthand experience
C/ the experience firsthand D/ firsthand experience
12. Tanya Joel and her team, just like most founders of those e-commerce com-
panies _______ was ended by the Internet bubble of 2001, will no doubt have
more opportunities to test their ideas.
A/ whose existence B/ the existence of
C/ which existence D/ that the existence
13. All marketing experts we approached _______ . But the lease did not allow it.
A/ suggested us to change the name
B/ suggested that the name be changed
C/ did suggest us changing the name
D/ had suggested the name change
14. If it could be predicted when, after September 11, people _______ afraid of flying, the
airlines and governments could draw some realistic rescue plans for air transport.
A/ will stop being B/ will have stopped to be
C/ have stopped being D/ would stop to be
15. The expedition could not set off as planned, because of the thick snow _______
in the valleys above 800 m.
A/ which lay still B/ that still lay
C/ which was still laying D/ that was laying still
16. Her necklace was not taken in the raid because she was so nervous _______ that
she had hidden it in her bag.
A/ about it being stolen B/ for it not being stolen
C/ not to have it stolen D/ of its stealing
17. The owners of those nationalized factories cannot claim to have been taken
by surprise. For years, Oriola _______ the steadily growing rallies of his support-
ers how, after taking power, he would nationalize all major industries.
A/ would have told B/ has been telling
C/ would tell D/ could have been telling
18. If you want to buy nothing but state-of-the-art technology, you can’t expect
to replace all your equipment in one year, which means certain parts can wait.
For example, you could very well _______ new laser printers.
A/ make do on B/ make without
C/ carry on with just D/ do without
103
GRAMATYKA 2
1./2. Teraz myślę, że mieliśmy rację zakazując [= BAN] słowników na egzaminie.
Używanie ich mogło nie być korzystne, jako że studenci szukaliby słówek
zamiast koncentrować się na tym, co sami umieją napisać.
Now I think we ___________ right ____________________ dictionaries at the exam.
__________ beneficial as the students __________________ instead of ____________________
3. Ona jest jedną z tych matek, które mocno wierzą, że gdyby wszystkie dzieci
były wychowywane tak jak jej, problem przestępczości nieletnich dawno by
zniknął.
She is one of those mothers ___________________________________ the way _________________
the problem of juvenile delinquency ______________________________
4. W tym sezonie objazd brytyjskich cmentarzy wojennych, od wielu lat

najmniej atrakcyjna z naszych wycieczek na kontynencie, był drugi pod
względem popularności u naszych klientów.
the tour of British war graves, ___________________________________ our
____________________
continental tours, _____________________________________ popular with our customers.
5. Kiedy lokalne gazety piszą, że od roku 2000 jest 40-procentowy wzrost kra-
dzieży telefonów komórkowych, jestem gotów w to uwierzyć. Nic dziwne-
go, że coraz więcej szkół zakazuje ich dzieciom poniżej 16 lat.
When local newspapers ________________ in mobile phone thefts ___________________
No wonder _______________________________ them for pupils under 16.
6. Jeśli wszystkie wcześniejsze badania, które czytałeś, wskazały [= POINT]

na aluminium jako najbardziej prawdopodobną przyczynę choroby, czy nie
sądzisz, że fabrykę należało zamknąć dzisięć lat wcześniej?
studies you ____________________ to aluminium as _____________________
___________________
disease, don’t you think the plant _________________________________
104
7. Na miejscu w Australii łatwo przyzwyczaiłem się, żeby najpierw patrzeć

w prawo na przejściu dla pieszych. Ale po kilku tygodniach wszystko mi się
pomyliło i już nie byłem pewien, w którą stronę obrócić głowę.
Once in Australia, _________________________________ at a pedestrian crossing. After
several weeks, though, _____________________ completely confused and was no
longer ___________________ head.
8./9. Rzecznik linii lotniczej potwierdził, że pasażer, z powodu którego start

[= DEPARTURE] lotu nr 112 musiano opóźnić [= DELAY], został niedaw-
no zwolniony z więzienia w Republice Irlandii.
The spokesman _________________________ confirmed ____________________________ released
_______________________________________________
10. Jeśli pański wspólnik upiera się [= INSIST], żeby dać mu ochroniarza na
tak długo jak będzie w Moskwie, niech pan mu powie, że nas na to po pro-
stu nie stać.
If your partner ___________________________________ a bodyguard for as ____________________
afford it.
11. Duńskie badania, które teraz są powtarzane w szpitalach kanadyjskich,

stwierdziły, że rzucenie palenia na dwa miesiące przed operacją zmniejsza
[= REDUCE] ryzyko infekcji i skraca pobyt w szpitalu o dwa dni.
study that ______________________________________________ has found
_____________________________
that giving up _____________________________ hospital stays by two days.
12. Szczegóły są ważne. A obawiam się, że ten rysunek nie pokazuje nam,
ani ile powinno być dodatkowych śmigieł, ani jak można je przymoco-
wać [= FIX] do skrzydeł.
Details ________________________________________________________ shows us _________________ extra
propellers _____________________
105
13./ 14. Ciekawe co powiedzieliby rodzice, gdyby, kiedy w przyszłym roku ukończę
szkołę, mój trener tenisa poradził [= TELL] mi spróbować szczęścia
jako zawodniczka zamiast iść na uniwersytet. Nie żebym się tego po nim
spodziewała.
I wonder what _____________________________________ my tennis coach _____________ try
my luck as a tennis pro _______________ to university. Not that ___________________ to.
15. Jessica Smith, która poświęciła sześć miesięcy na uczenie się do egzaminu
poprawkowego po tym jak jej błędnie powiedziano, że za pierwszym razem
oblała, zdecydowała się pozwać uczelnię o odszkodowanie.
spent six months _____________________ after wrongly _________________
_____________________
decided to sue the university for compensation.
16. Pomimo tego, że było dwa razy więcej policjantów otaczających plac niż sa-
mych protestujących, media nazwały demonstrację ogromnym sukcesem.
In _______________________________ were ______________________ policemen surrounding
________________ protesters ___________________________________________ a huge success.
17. Burmistrz obiecał, że zrobi co tylko będzie mógł, żeby znaleźć nowe miejsce
zbiórek dla skautów. No, lepiej niech będą cierpliwi, jako że znalezienie
czegoś odpowiedniego może nie być łatwe.
The mayor has ______________ best ________________ meeting place for the scouts.
Well, ___________________ as finding something suitable __________________________ easy.
106
SŁOWNICTWO
1. The City offered a big money _ _ _ a _ _ for information about the
robbery.
2. Those early humans did not build any shelters, they lived in mountain
_ _ v _ _.
3. His moods are very _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ – he will switch from despair to

euphoria several times a day.
4. Emma didn’t really mean it; she said it to _ _ e _ _ _ her mother.
5. She turned red with _ _ b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when her mother asked her

why she was lying.
6. Most young people cannot imagine aging – they think they will be
_ _ r _ _ _ _ young.
7. The frost _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ the soft ground so we could walk without sinking

into it.
8. Even by American standards, he is extremely rich; I wonder how he

managed to amass so much _ _ a _ _ _ in such a short time.
9. Fred must have forgotten to pay the instalment again because here is a
_ _ m _ _ _ _ _ from the bank.
10. Tuberculosis can affect various organs, but most often it attacks the
_ _ n _ _.
11. The most _ _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ news of all is that Fred is to run for Mayor.
We have always known him not to be interested in politics.
12. In the last war he received a medal for _ _ _ v _ _ _ for his part in the
defence of the capital.
13. In my opinion she didn’t _ _ s _ _ _ _ all the praise she received for the
project. It was her deputy who did most of the work.
14. I must admit I was a little _ _ v _ _ _ _ of Danny’s success. I felt I had

worked harder than him.
107
15. Salmonella was found in some chickens but, hopefully, the eggs they had
laid were not _ n _ _ _ _ _ _.
16. After we _ _ _ _ _ the gate with a few drops of glycerine it stopped

squeaking.
17. Her first _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ _ ended in a miscarriage, but later she gave birth
to three healthy children.
18. In your place I wouldn’t _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ a minute longer but take the offer.
The chance is too good to miss.
19. It is the first time that Greg is taking part so if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the

quarterfinals, it’ll be a success.
20. The post office clerk put the parcel on the _ _ _ l _ _ to check if the
postage was correct for its weight.
21. I have to wash my hands; after glueing so many envelopes my fingers got
_ _ i _ _ _.
22. Every week my wife spends a few hours as a volunteer for a charity
which collects money for the _ _ e _ _.
23. She didn’t put her gloves on to cut some roses and got her skin badly
scratched by the _ _ _ _ _ _
24. Leaving the child alone in the house for six hours was completely
_ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on your part. The boy might have set the house on fire!
25. At first, she had some reservations, but later asked the boss to be
_ _ c _ _ _ _ _ in the team.
26. The south _ _ o _ _ of the mountain is very gentle and has very easy
turns; it is ideal for skiing beginners.
27. He is not a democrat; he thinks that the country should be

_ _ v _ _ _ _ _ by a small elite of the richest and best educated.
28. The report we received was not very _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ as many details were
missing or had been distorted.
108
29. Although some progress has been made in recent years, this is still a very
_ _ _ k _ _ _ _ province, with only 10 per cent of the households having
electricity.
30. Modern technology can increase _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by reducing the

demand for unskilled labour.
31. The balconies are _ _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ in shape, with two sides touching the
building and the third projecting outside.
32. The dog bared its teeth at the sight of the stranger and a deep
_ _ o _ _ came from its throat.
33. A ferry line connects the three islands with the _ _ _ n _ _ _ _. There are
speedboats but they’re expensive.
34. He lives in the kind of neighbourhood where new phone booths get
_ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ within a week of installation.
35. She fell _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ and would have drowned but a passing yacht
rescued her.
109
CZYTANIE
1. The company began diversifying recently by buying smaller chicken and pizza
chains, and earlier this month it snapped up a 33 percent stake in Pret A Man-
ger, the British chain that prides itself on fresh sandwiches that spurn chemi-
cal additives. So something is afoot in the empire of golden arches, even if the
numbers still make such ventures the tiny exceptions to the general rule.
A/ McDonald’s has recently become a fairly diverse firm.
B/ Up to a third of McDonald’s shareholders may be British.
C/ Diversity is not among the main characteristics of McDonald’s.
D/ McDonald’s has become very sensitive to health issues.
2. Throughout his life, whenever he became convinced that a course of action

was right, the desire to follow it had come automatically. What was happen-
ing to him? Leo wondered. The impossible conflict of feeling reluctance to do
what was right wasn’t it the basic formula of moral corruption?
A/ Leo’s character has undergone a deep change.
B/ Leo was proud never to have acted on impulse.
C/ Leo was refusing to act on impulse.
D/ In the past, Leo’s behaviour was governed by reason.
3. If heart disease, cancer and stroke all went the way of smallpox, U.S. life ex-
pectancy would increase by 15 years – just half the gain we achieved during
the 20th century. Such is life once the body outlives its warranty. Repairs
become less and less effective.
A/ For most people, heart disease, cancer and stroke are the likeliest killers.
B/ The elimination of a few major diseases would greatly improve old age.
C/ In old age, people are subject to a great many diseases.
D/ The quality of life is more important than its length.
4. Over the next few years governments will watch, monitor and regulate areas
of life that were once considered untouchable, like the Internet. A year ago,
when a few European governments suggested some limited regulation of the
Internet, such plans were widely denounced as old thinking. Now it looks like
the way of the future.
A/ The public is likely to accept more government control.
B/ Governments in Europe are better informed than the people.
C/ Big government is seriously threatening civil liberties.
D/ Every government has autocratic tendencies.
110
5. Canals, railroads, automobiles and radio clearly contributed to the produc-

tivity of the economy, as has information technology. But in a capitalist econ-
omy, competition tends to push the profits down. Productivity gains end up
leading to a higher standard of living at lower prices. Some investors – par-
ticularly early ones – do well, but the latecomers to the party inevitably end
up with a hangover.
A/ Competition may sometimes lower productivity.
B/ Capitalism favours creativity and innovation.
C/ Tough competition contributes to the lowering of wages.
D/ Capitalism can hurt employees of big and small firms.
6. Unilateral disarmament would be dangerous and impractical, and it may be

that some more advanced defensive system will be desirable in the future
to guard against an attack from a Third World nation with a nuclear arsenal
more limited than that of Russia. Still, all citizens should demand meaningful
arms reductions.
A/ Public protest can bring about the peaceful coexistence of nations.
B/ A part of the existing defence system of the US can be dismantled.
C/ In the coming years, the US should limit its spending on the armed forces.
D/ Russia no longer poses a threat to the United States.
OOOOOOO
7. But multiculturalism is more ambivalent in its logical consequences than one

might imagine. If it imposes the duty to accept others as they are, __________ to
accept one as one is. No accommodation to the feelings of others is therefore
necessary.
A/ mere consistency requires everybody
B/ it simultaneously makes it hardly possible
C/ it, nevertheless, forces no one
D/ it equally imposes on others the duty
8. Even the ordinary lifetime often seems too much for human memory to hold
or recall, and if decades were tacked on, the long middle years of a life might
be substantially forgotten, __________ childhood and recent events. If that were
the case, the whole point of longevity treatment would be lost, for it is mem-
ory that makes us human.
A/ leaving only dim memories of
B/ in the process that barely touches
C/ not even mentioning those of
D/ making incursions into
111
9. Secularism is a relatively recent development in the West: Christian princes

and priests in Europe used to __________ and persecute those who dissented. The
modern secular democratic state emerged out of the bloody religious conflict
in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, in which different Christian
groups slaughtered one another mercilessly.
A/ preach some tolerance at home
B/ impose fines on atheist liberals
C/ mandate their subjects’ religious beliefs
D/ view each other with deep distrust
10. Tom rode slowly around the meadow until he approached the tongue of
brush. Then the horse began to snort and fight the rein. __________ it shied and
danced sideways, refused. The bear smell was still there. He gave up, let the
horse have its way, and rode back the way he had come, back to the fire. At
least he had proved that it wasn’t something he had imagined.
A/ Rather perplexed, Tom waited as
B/ He tried to force it close, but
C/ He hastily dismounted after
D/ There was no way forward as
11. When Mary Redmond came in the next morning, cheerful as always, ________.
She was the most skillful of the nurses, the most solicitous and helpful, the
most friendly. But her very efficiency and gentleness emphasized his helpless-
ness, his need for care. She represented this whole infuriating situation, the
fact that he was trapped in the hospital, unable even to get out of bed.
A/ hope seemed to be returning with her
B/ he gladly reciprocated her smile
C/ he turned his back at what lay ahead
D/ he watched her with rising resentment
12. The only critical point was the re-entry. If the capsule were not lined up at the
correct angle, with the blunt end and the heat shield down, it might burn up.
__________ fuel was required no matter whether it was lined up automatically or
by the astronaut. If too much fuel was used keeping the capsule stable while it
sailed around in orbit, there might not be enough left to line it up before the
re-entry.
A/ To line it up correctly,
B/ For every emergency
C/ A lot of high yield
D/ My only worry was that
112
13. Western institutions are like the scientific method, which, though discov-
ered in the West, has universal applicability. There is an underlying historical
mechanism __________ across cultural boundaries, first and most powerfully in
economics, then in the realm of politics and finally (and most distantly) in
culture.
A/ for some categorization of civilizations
B/ that encourages a long-term convergence
C/ preventing a worldwide takeover
D/ to favor the preservation of the divide
14. The fire department defended its rigorous physical test from the feminist
assault by arguing that the test discriminated against unqualified men and
women alike. __________ to feminist demands. The military has adopted gender-
normed scoring on physical tests and enlistment quotas to boost the number
of women in the ranks.
A/ They continued to put up stiff resistance
B/ This allowed other services to respond
C/ Thus, the public was bound to respond
D/ In contrast, the armed services surrendered
113
TEST LUK
Seldon had built the house for his bride, Mary, who was an Asquith from
Boston before her marriage. Thomas Seldon, Senior, dead these twelve years
past, had come to California in the late forties, 1/ ________________ to mine gold but
to care 2/ _____________ the gold that others mined, and the present 3/ ____________
Seldon presided over the bank his 4/ ____________ founded. Now, at fifty-five,
a solid, handsome, substantial man with iron gray 5/ __________ and a firm chin,
he found every prospect pleasing 6/ ____________ that his wife, Mary, had seen fit
to present him with one daughter and no sons. Mary had other 7/ ____________:
she was calm, coldly beautiful, 8/ ____________ at age fifty-two, and made few
demands upon her husband. And if she had presented him with only a single
child, a daughter, 9/ _________ daughter was nevertheless known and accepted
10/ ____________ the most beautiful woman in San Francisco, providing 11/ __________
also accepted the fact that the choice 12/ __________ such matters was confined
to two hundred or 13/ ____________ families that “mattered.”
But even in wider 14/ ____________, Jean Seldon would have been 15/ ____________ to
be unusually beautiful. It was bruited around town that Charles Dana Gibson,
who had 16/ ____________ the ideal of upper-class beauty in his 17/ ____________ and
paintings, had sketched her 18/ ____________ in San Francisco, and had thereby
come to his Gibson-woman stereotype, and while Jean herself 19/ ____________
this to be untrue and indeed wondered whether Gibson had 20/ ____________
actually been in San Francisco, she did 21/ ____________ to dispel the legend. She
was a tall woman, well formed, with wide, straight shoulders and strong,
long-fingered hands. Her face had the same chiseled quality as her mother’s
114
– referred to on the society page as “classic” – her eyes were deep blue and
her hair of a pale honey color 22/ ____________ in certain light took on a golden
sheen.
She had dutifully 23/ ____________ twelve years of schooling of a sort at Miss
Marion’s classes, but she had little intellectual curiosity and, 24/ ____________
common with most of her women friends, no 25/ ____________ to be college
educated.
Nor was she very 26/ ____________ inclined. After ten years of piano lessons, she
was 27/ ____________ of playing a Beethoven sonata from 28/ ____________ music,
correctly if rather woodenly; but in all truth, music 29/ ____________ her. She
played tennis competently and rode competently, but did 30/ ____________ with
devotion or passion. She wore clothes splendidly and loved shopping, and
the trying on of the long, awkward dresses of her time was something she
delighted in.
Adapted from The Immigrants by Howard Fast
115
KULTURA
1. Irving Stone’s book Lust for Life is about….
A/ van Gogh B/ Picasso C/ Michelangelo D/ Velasquez
2. The Pennines and Lake District are in …..
A/ Devon B/ Cumbria C/ Humberside D/ Gloucester
3. Stirling Moss will be remembered as a …
A/ filmmaker B/ sports driver
C/ fashion designer D/ football coach
4. Which American astronaut later became a US senator?
A/ Walter Schirra B/ Alan Shepard
C/ John Glenn D/ Scott Carpenter
5. Which of them was NOT a character from James Joyce’s Ulysses ?
A/ Nora Barnacle B/ Stephen Daedalus
C/ Leopold Bloom D/ Buck Mulligan
6. Which of these authors can be said to best represent the “jazz age”?
A/ Edith Wharton B/ Norman Mailer
C/ Edward Albee D/ F. Scott Fitzgerald
7. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in …
A/ 1860 B/ 1901 C/ 1914 D/ 1921
8. The Persian Gulf War was fought in ….
A/ 1980-81 B/ 1985-1986 C/ 1990-1991 D/ 1996-1997
9. Jeffrey Archer’s earliest novel was ….
A/ Kane and Abe B/ First Among Equals
C/ Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less D/ Shall We Tell the President?
10. Which of these States has a border with Nevada?
A/ New Mexico B/ Texas C/ Nebraska D/ Oregon
11. What kind of music is Benny Goodman associated with?
A/ bebop B/ country C/ soul D/ swing
12. In theory every English Parliament is elected for …..
A/ three years B/ four years C/ five years D/ six years
116
13. Stanley Kramer directed ….

A/ Judgement at Nuremberg B/ High Noon
C/ The Graduate D/ Easy Rider
14. The capital of Jamaica is …..
A/ San Juan B/ Georgetown
C/ Auckland D/ Kingston
15. Which of these books is NOT by William Faulkner?
A/Knight’s Gambit B/ The Sound and the Fury
C/ Soldier’s Pay D/East of Eden
16. Which of them contributed most to the standardisation of English spelling?
A/ John Dee B/ William Shakespeare
C/ Samuel Johnson D/ Elizabeth I
17. On 9 April 1865 at Appomattox Court House …
A/ Lee surrendered to Grant B/ Grant surrendered to Lee
C/ Lee surrendered to Sheridan D/ Sherman surrendered to Lee
18. The first Christmas card with a printed inscription was produced in England ….
A/ around 1750 B/ in 1843 C/ in the 1860s D/ in 1901
19. Katharine Graham will be remembered as …
A/ the publisher of The Washington Post
B/ the editor-in-chief of The New Yorker
C/ a Pulitzer winning author of popular biographies
D/ one of the founders of the feminist movement
20. Ireland became independent in ….
A/ 1916 B/ 1918 C/ 1921 D/ 1939
21. Where are Dover and Hastings?
A/ Dover is in Sussex and Hastings in Kent.
B/ Dover is in Kent and Hastings in Sussex.
C/ Both are in Devon
D/ Both are in Yorkshire.
22. Alfred Stieglitz was one of the masters of American ….
A/ architecture B/ fashion C/ photography D/ sculpture
23. The first actor to play James Bond was ….
A/ Sean Connery B/ Roger Moore
C/ Ian Fleming D/ David Niven
117
24. Before George W. Bush, the only son of a US president to serve as President
himself was ….
A/ Franklin D. Roosevelt B/ Woodrow Wilson
C/ Andrew Jackson D/ John Quincy Adams
25. In the 20th century the Labour Party was in office for about ….
A/ 20 years B/ 35 years C/ 50 years D/ 60 years
26. Henry Kissinger was US Secretary of State under ….
A/ Jimmy Carter B/ Richard Nixon
C/ Ronald Reagan D/ Lyndon Johnson
118
TEST 10
ETAP OKRĘGOWY 2003
119
GRAMATYKA 1
1. It won’t be easy because long-term animosity has left deep traces on both of
them. But _______ distrusting each other and see how cooperation is helping
them both, they may end up as partners.
A/ when they will have stopped B/ once they stop
C/ before they will stop D/ while they have stopped
2. Whether or not Carl Siebert was a member of the Resistance in WWII can be
debated, but I’m absolutely sure that he _______ one.
A/ later pretended being
B/ later pretended to have been
C/ had later pretended having been
D/ had later pretended as being
3. Last month’s tournament showed that one has to be cautious playing appar-
ently weaker opponents. Pat and Matthew both lost games _______ , while Steve
Toth’s unorthodox style threw off his opponents.
A/ that they needn’t have B/ which they shouldn’t
C/ they wouldn’t have D/ they cannot have
4. Both varieties combine well with other shrubs or even roses. Their natural
place is alongside paths and boundaries, and, _______ , will create an attractive,
low, grayish-green hedge.
A/ when being regularly trimmed
B/ provided are trimmed regularly
C/ if will be regularly trimmed
D/ if trimmed regularly
5. Soon we found that there were almost no empty cabins on our deck, which made
it rather crowded. We didn’t complain, of course, but we _______ be so packed.
A/ wished we had been told there would
B/ wished we had been told it would
C/ wish we were told it would
D/ wish we were said they would
6. Only last week I had three calls from people who found me first while search-
ing the net. One of them bought the second home I showed them. This is
business I would never have had _______ presence on the web!
A/ were it not for my B/ if I hadn’t had a
C/ had I not had a D/ if I haven’t insisted on a
120
XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 10
7. The janitor then added that he would have no objection _______ for the uniform
if he received a refund.
A/ to have to pay B/ with having to pay
C/ if he would have to pay D/ to having to pay
8. I stopped as the dog began to growl. Reaching out her manicured hand, Lara _______
his head to quiet him. After a while the beast lay down with a small tail wag.
A/ struck B/ stroke C/ stroked D/ striked
9. The towering tree, also known as “the Stafford giant” ( _______ ), is said to be at
least 600 years old.
A/ for the town near which it grows
B/ due to the town near where it grows
C/ from a town, that it grows near
D/ owing to the town where it grows near
10. To defend their leaders, over 200 students marched to the Principal’s Hall and
demanded _______ too.
A/ for them to be punished B/ that they will be punished
C/ that they be punished D/ to punish them
11. Some people were offered redundancy payments while _______ made to others.
Some of those who accepted redundancies were reemployed by GT&T.
A/ no such an offer was B/ none such offer was
C/ none such offers were D/ no such offer was
12. While there is normally a heavy presence of the Army in the area, on the day
of the funeral, the troopers _______ , which some people think was deliberate.
A/ were being sighted nowhere B/ were nowhere to be sighted in
C/ could be nowhere sighted D/ were nowhere to be sighted
13. It is unreasonable to expect people to travel from distant parts of the world to
a committee meeting without ______ a clear idea of why they are being asked to attend.
A/ they being given B/ their being given
C/ there giving them D/ theirs being given
14. Stradivarius was a great craftsman relying on his immense talent and skill;
but that does not exclude the possibility that he had an open mind toward
_______ known in his time about the physics of sound.
A/ the little that was B/ a little that was

C/ little which was D/ all that little
121
15. It was different with Gary, who would _______ to help and make himself useful.
I remember him rushing home for a cable someone forgot to bring.
A/ go out of his way B/ go either way
C/ get in the way D/ make his way
16. If you’re now paying $600 per month for rent and your rent increases by
6 percent a year, that means that in five years you’ll be paying $9054, and in
ten years $12,164. After ten years, you _______ $94,856 on rent and have nothing
to show for it.
A/ will be spending B/ are spending
C/ will have spent D/ will spend
17. My next question takes him aback. He sighs and dives into this mound of
paperwork and debt trying to figure out if Swann Records _______ to release
another record.
A/ is surviving long enough B/ survives for long enough
C/ will survive long enough D/ would survive sufficiently long
18. The thug couldn’t be tried for armed robbery since it _______ necessary for the
victim to see that he was actually holding a gun-like object. Mere threatening
words were not enough.
A/ needed to have been B/ had been
C/ would have been D/ would be
122
GRAMATYKA 2
1. Myślę, że p. Gray będzie chciał omówić ten problem na następnym spotka-
niu klubu polo, którego jest założycielem i Prezesem.
I think Mr Gray ________________ at the next meeting of ___________ and President.
2./3. Musieliśmy polegać [= RELY] na znacznie mniejszej liczbie faktów, niż

moglibyśmy sobie życzyć, ponieważ lokalna policja nie znalazła tylu
świadków ilu powinna.
We had ___________________________________________________________________
4. Aby przygotować wszystko w taki sposób, jak chciałaby tego od nas San-
dra, musielibyśmy mieć 100 procent pewności, że w dniu ślubu nie będzie
padać. Ale na żadnej prognozie nie da się aż tak polegać.
_____________________________ the way __________________________ sure ________________________ day.
But __________________________ so much.
5. To nie jest miłe, wiem o tym. Ale jeśli nie zareagujesz następnym razem,
gdy ona będzie próbować ukraść ci pieniądze, będziesz odpowiedzialny za
to, co może ją spotkać [=HAPPEN] w przyszłości.
It’s not nice, ____________________________________ responsible __________________
6. Organizatorów zadziwiła jakość nadesłanych zdjęć. Choć żaden z biorących

udział w konkursie nie pracuje jako zawodowy fotograf, zdjęcia były
doskonałe.
______________________________ the quality ____________________________ in. __________________________
in the contest __________________________ excellent.
7./8. Pomimo imponujących obiektów, nie podobało nam się to, w jaki sposób
miejscowość zmieniła się w ciągu ostatnich lat. Wydaje się, że im kurort
staje się modniejszy, tym nudniejsi są ludzie, którzy chcą tu przebywać.
_______________ some impressive facilities, __________________ pleased _________________
resort _________________________________________________
9. Jak było do przewidzenia, dzieci chciały wiedzieć, z czego są zrobione te

walce [= CYLINDER] i do czego można by ich użyć.
As ______________ expected, ____________________________________________________
123
10. Małżonkowie planują nowy sklep w Tampa, którego 15 tysięcy stóp kwa-
dratowych powierzchni będzie stanowić trzykrotny wzrost w stosunku do
obecnego sklepu.
The couple _______________________________________________ the size of the present store.
11. Mniej więcej w połowie drogi między uniwersytetem, gdzie uczę i granicą
z Montaną, odkryliśmy kilka z najmniej znanych i najpiękniejszych jezior
całego Stanu.
About halfway _____________________________________________________ beautiful lakes.
12. Nie zdziwiłem się, kiedy faktyczny rachunek za naprawę okazał się [=TURN
OUT] znacznie większy, ponieważ od samego początku myślałem, że gdzieś
musi być błąd.
_____________ the actual bill ______________________________ somewhere.
13./14. Doskonała jakość kasety wideo z banku ułatwiła znalezienie bandyty.

W trakcie aresztowania w swoim domu w Southport przestępca powiedział
policjantom, że spodziewał się ich przyjścia od momentu pokazania filmu.
The excellent __________________________________________ easier __________________ robber.
On ____________________ at his home in Southport, the criminal ________________________
15. Jeśli chłopak, którego widziała Amy, nie mógł mieć więcej niż 10 lat, to
mogło być faktycznie troje dzieci.
If the boy Amy saw ______________________________ kids, actually.
16. Mówiąc o Renzo, trener powiedział, że nie było sposobu uniknięcia wymi-
any zawodnika, który od jesieni nie może zdobyć punktu [=SCORE] .
the coach said that there was no way ______________ the
_______________
replacement _______ last autumn.
17. Niech pan rozda zdjęcia studentom, ale proszę jeszcze nic nie komentować.
Niech oni sami zobaczą, jak wygląda delta rzeki z wysokości 3000 stóp.
_____________________________ any comment yet. ________________________________ from 3000
feet in the air.
124
SŁOWNICTWO
1. The finds indicate that the tribe reared _ _ t _ _ _ and other livestock
and cultivated land.
2. The wreck of the ship, which was _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ the entrance to the port,
was finally removed.
3. He was a great speaker and his jokes invariably prompted roars of

_ _ u _ _ _ _ _ from the auditorium.
4. She _ i _ _ _ her mouth with a napkin and drank some water.
5. Romance and the honeymoon cannot last _ _ r _ _ _ _; the life that

follows matters much more.
6. Has it ever _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ to you that we might be wrong about it?
7. He said that the return of the sculpture, stolen when Greece was not
a free country, would be an act of elementary _ _ s _ _ _ _.
8. At 8 a.m. exactly, the national anthem is played over the

_ _ u _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in every classroom and everyone has to stand
quietly to attention.
9. I couldn’t take my eyes off the road as all the time it _ _ i _ _ _ _ left and
right.
10. The dessert was not a success as the redcurrant _ _ l _ _ failed to set
completely – it was more like juice.
11. The statement is worded so _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that you don’t know if

they’re for the plan or against it.
12. As they went down the hill, fog and darkness _ _ _ _ k _ _ _ _, making
further progress impossible.
13. For any given year, the actual monthly sums of rainfall may differ
_ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from those recorded over longer periods of time.
14. He started losing hair early, but never quite accepted his _ _ l _ _ _ _ _
and used various tricks to hide it.
125
15. The boat is _ _ w _ _ _ _ by a 225 HP four-stroke engine – smooth, quiet

and no emissions.
16. The video teaches you how to control your anger before reaching
_ _ i _ _ _ _ point and doing something stupid.
17. His interest in stamps may not _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ be the true reason for
his presence here.
18. Many places have cooled during the past 40 years, which
_ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ the belief that global warming is raising temperatures
everywhere.
19. This was introduced because on _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ occasions in the past

important data had been lost
20. The driver lost control of the car, which _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ and landed on
the roof. Luckily, no one was killed.
21. He rejected the accusation of fraud, but admitted some guilt on the less
serious _ _ _ r _ _ _ of negligence and lack of supervision.
22. We guarantee that the pack will reach you within ten days, well, a
_ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ to be on the safe side.
23. When we praised the Mayor’s culinary knowledge, he _ _ k _ _ _ _ _

offered to hire himself as a chef in our canteen.
24. The campaign was launched in September, achieving only _ _ d _ _ _

success; the sales rose by under 10 per cent.
25. No matter how unpleasant the experience was for the boy, it was luckily
forgotten, having no _ _ s _ _ _ _ effects on his personality.
26. He managed to escape by climbing down a rope of sheets

_ _ _ t _ _ _ together.
27. After the ship went ablaze, the crew got into _ _ _ _ b _ _ _ _ and made
it onto the high sea.
28. The story sounded highly unlikely to me, and, _ _ r _ _ _ _ _, the source
was rather unreliable.
126
29. The artists were used to performing to much bigger _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _

than the 100 or so personnel of the airbase.
30. The film’s _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ was based upon a stage play and both were
written by Charles Meyer, who also writes novels and poetry.
31. They were all very supportive when I was in _ _ r _ _ _ over my sister’s
sudden death.
32. Any type of circuit interrupter can be described as an electronic

_ _ v _ _ _ for protecting people from electric shocks.
33. He was a _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ by nature with no place to call home and no

permanent address.
34. The announcement of his _ _ _ h _ _ _ _ _ _ from public life came as

a big surprise.
35. To stop the _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ from the cut, the boy held a handkerchief to it.
127
CZYTANIE
1. Moser was approaching the end of a long career as an urban planner—he

had masterminded the creation of the Verrazano and other great undertak-
ings that he believed the public should be grateful for—and he found himself
being excoriated in the media for demolishing vast areas of living space and
dispossessing multitudes of people in order to build new highways, bridges,
tunnels, and tollgates.
A/ The media must have written lies about Moser.
B/ Moser may have gone on trial after his retirement.
C/ Moser may have felt some bitterness on his retirement.
D/ Moser’s reputation with the media gradually deteriorated.
2. He had been related by marriage to Russell Sage, the financier and usurer.
After moving to New York, Chapin had cultivated the old miser, who had led
the editor to believe he would inherit a fortune. Chapin anticipated his inher-
itance in luxurious living. When Sage died, he left Chapin almost nothing.
A/ Chapin and Sage were trying to outwit each other.
B/ Sage’s death must have been a shock to Chapin.
C/ Sage was a kind of mentor for Chapin.
D/ In New York, Chapin spent more than he could afford.
3. In our time it is broadly true that political writing is bad writing. Where it is
not true, it will generally be found that the writer is some kind of rebel, ex-
pressing his private opinions and not a „party line.” Orthodoxy, of whatever
color, seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style.
A/ Individualism of thought is a condition for good writing.
B/ Writers tend to be less disciplined than ordinary people.
C/ Novelists and poets should take no interest in politics.
D/ There is no room in politics for unorthodox ideas.
128
4. Traditionally, scientific work is considered “good” if its results foster deeper

theoretical understanding. One of the most disdainful remarks in the sci-
ences is that a piece of work is “atheoretical.” Scientists regard the formula-
tion of theories about deep causal factors to be the motive force of scientific
progress – a view that has rightly replaced an earlier just-the-facts conception
of scientific advance.
A/ Today’s scientists are losing interest in mere facts.
B/ The aim of scientific research is to have every fact explained.
C/ Scientists need not be bothered about single facts.
D/ Scientists do not separate the formulation of theories
from an explanation.
5. Learning in school requires generalization. Nothing could be more abstract

and general than arithmetic. But to acquire the concepts of addition, subtrac-
tion, multiplication, and division you have to learn more than the abstract
conceptions. You have to work with a lot of examples. The beans or their
equivalent are absolutely essential.
A/ Successful learning must be from abstract to concrete.
B/ At bottom, arithmetic is mostly about concrete examples.
C/ Arithmetic teachers should start with manipulating objects.
D/ The teaching of arithmetic rarely ends at the abstract level.
6. Chapin forced his reporters to use the summary lead, which puts the im-
portant facts–who, what, when, where, why–into the first sentence, and the
inverted pyramid story form, which works from the lead down to the less
important facts. This meant that he forced his reporters to abandon lengthy
and winding news articles structured by chronology and usually written in an
ornate style of “fine writing.”
A/ Chapin’s editing style left nothing to the readers’ imagination.
B/ Chapin wanted his reporters to act on their readers’ imagination.
C/ Chapin’s editing stressed the basic story at the expense of style.
D/ As an editor, Chapin was not bothered by the form of the articles.
129
7. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail
all the more completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is
happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because
our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier
for us to have foolish thoughts.
A/ Our language determines our thoughts.
B/ Poor thinking is expressed in imprecise language.
C/ Linguistic ugliness destroys our rationality.
D/ Cause and effect can be the same thing.
OOOOOOO
8. Some useful findings can make practice effective. It has long been known that
massed practice ___________. Cramming for an exam is less effective for long-term
retention than keeping up with assignments as you go along. Frequent class-
room testing of students is a very effective distributed-practice technique.
A/ is less effective than distributed practice
B/ only favors the not-so-bright students
C/ can enhance your learning capacity
D/ cannot be taken with every subject
9. Along tree-shaded residential streets, one sees row upon row of single-family
white frame houses with shuttered windows and roadside mailboxes and tidy
lawns with poles bearing American flags, ____________ the recent nationwide pro-
liferation of patriotism prompted by the attacks of terrorists. Staten Islanders
are traditionally conservative, standard-bearing advocates of law and order.
A/ in clearly marked defiance to
B/ slightly less conspicuous following
C/ on the whole fairy unusual up to
D/ which were on display long before
10. The whole point of war, on this reading, is to get other people to do what we
want them to do: it is an effort to make others adopt our policies ____________.
Clausewitzian war, in short, is rational and instrumental. It is the attempt to
bring about a new state of affairs through the artful combination of violence
and the promise to cease violence if certain political objectives are met.
A/ without having to go any further
B/ so as to prevent a possible outburst
C/ and/or to further our interests
D/ possibly, through peaceful means
130
11. While he could dress and act like a typical detective, banging on doors and
throwing suspects up against walls, he ____________. He posed as a tunnel worker,
a blind beggar, a gangster or an Italian peasant just off the boat. This allowed
him to investigate freely, and also allowed others to talk to him without at-
tracting suspicion.
A/ felt slightly uneasy in that role
B/ was more comfortable in disguise
C/ would often go off limits
D/ craved for more dignified acts
12. It’s not very big. At low tide, it can maybe accommodate 30 to 40 people com-
fortably, while at high tide 10 people are lucky to fit on it–though the large
rocks that punctuate it ___________. The spot has become a wildlife refuge, too,
attracting marine and bird life–as well as fishermen and crabbers, some of
whom, it is said, actually eat the creatures they catch.
A/ could fit still more people
B/ make it barely accessible
C/ are not exactly apparent
D/ deserve a better look
13. Pure logic suggests that stereotypes fall into four classes (any one of which
might, of course, after careful research, ____________): positive and accurate, posi-
tive and inaccurate, negative and accurate, negative and inaccurate. Prior to
the work summarized in this book, practically all research had been done on
category four, practically none on the other three.
A/ overlap with each other
B/ merge into something bigger
C/ be rejected as illogical
D/ turn out to be empty
14. Years before El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti and Paraguay, to name a few, had
released their first stamps, Scott was printing and selling bogus stamps from
these countries, backed by supposedly official documents, which ______________.
He published equally fictitious articles about these stamps in his magazine,
which helped create a market for his product.
A/ he got from foreign diplomats
B/ were themselves forgeries
C/ his foreign partners sent in
D/ needed no authorization
131
TEST LUK
He seemed very bright. Brighter than most of the kids in my school, no
question about that. I don’t rightly recall his name anymore, though—I think
it was something like “Brendan.” He was two grades ahead of me (he was
a senior and I was a sophomore), and I never saw him around much.
In 1/ ____________, the only time I did 2/ ____________ him was when he decided to
3/ ___________ up for German class, where he regularly sat 4/ __________ in front of me.
He didn’t show up very often, 5/ ____________ was sometimes a relief. He was a tall
kid, so when he sat in front of me, I had trouble 6/ ____________ the board.
Nobody 7/ ____________ liked Brendan—he had long (for 8/ ____________ time), unkempt,
greasy hair, wore dirty clothes, always 9/ ____________ vaguely of sweat and was
extremely loud. He 10/ ____________ he was smarter than everyone 11/ ____________
there, and took no pains to 12/ ____________ the fact. Even the German teacher
(a portly fellow, who, to be 13/ ____________, didn’t speak very good German, but
14/ ____________ one hell of a concertina), hated him, and the 15/ ____________ of them
would often erupt into loud political arguments in the middle of class.
Brendan knew full 16/ ____________ that nobody liked him, but simply didn’t
seem to 17/ ____________ all that much. You could tell in the relaxed, lanky way he
carried 18/ ____________ along, his books (when he decided to 19/ ____________ them)
dangling loosely at his 20/ ____________. He always had a sly smirk on his face,
too, as if he had a funny secret 21/ ____________ he chose not to 22/ ____________ with
anybody. With that same damn smirk on his face, he would put
23/ ____________ the other kids in class, 24/ ____________ terms he knew they would
never understand.
132
Brendan, though, for some 25/ ____________, took some sort of a shine to
26/ ____________. Before class—as well as sometimes during and afterward—we
would talk about politics, psychology, literature, chess, 27/ ____________. Usually if
he wanted to talk during class, he wouldn’t bother 28/ ____________ surreptitious
about it, either. He wouldn’t 29/ ____________. He wouldn’t even turn around in
his seat. What he would do 30/ ____________ was crane his neck backwards until
he was looking at me upside down. Then he would ask his question, or make
his comment. He was an anomaly in that school. And maybe that’s why I was
intrigued. I wasn’t yet at the point—I hadn’t had enough experience—to
distinguish between the true intellectual eccentrics and the people who just
know how to play one.
Adapted from Passing Strange by Jim Knipfel
133
KULTURA
1. James Cameron is a Canadian-born...
A/ film director B/ actor C/ architect D/ sculptor
2. Which of these is NOT an Ivy League university?
A/ Princeton B/ Columbia C/ Yale D/ Stanford
3. Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain...
A/ north of London B/ southeast of London
C/ southwest of London D/ northwest of London
4. Which of these writers was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature?
A/ W.B. Yeats B/ Thomas Hardy
C/ Ezra Pound D/ Graham Greene
5. US senators are elected for ...
A/ two years B/ four years C/ five years D/ six years
6. Sir Christopher Wren was a/an ....
A/ diplomat B/ architect C/ philosoper D/ musician
7. How many rhymes are there in a limerick?
A/ four B/ five C/ eight D/ twelve
8. George C. Marshall can be associated with ...
A/ the economic aid to Europe after WWII
B/ the Vietnam War
C/ the occupation of Japan after WWII
D/ the anticommunist campaign in the US in the 1950s
9. John Constable was a....
A/ composer B/ diarist C/ painter D/ historian
10. George I was the first English king of the House of ...
A/ Tudor B/ Stuart C/ Hanover D/ Windsor
11. Omaha Beach is associated with ...
A/ the landing in Normandy B/ a massacre in Vietnam
C/ an attempt to overthrow Castro D/ the recapture of the Philippines
134
12. Saint Andrew is considered to be the Patron saint of ...

A/ England B/ Wales C/ Ireland D/ Scotland
13. Freddie Mercury was the lead singer of ...
A/ The Beach Boys B/ The Doors C/ Dire Straits D/ Queen
14. Ernest Hemingway did NOT write.....
A/ The Naked and the Dead C/ Death in the Afternoon
B/ The Green Hills of Arica D/ Across the River and into the Trees
15. The notorious witchcraft trial in colonial America took place in ...
A/ Boston B/ Salem C/ Providence D/ Jamestown
16. Great Britain joined the EU in...
A/ 1957 B/ 1968 C/ 1973 D/ 1984
17. Montreal is in the province of ...
A/ Ontario B/ Quebec C/ Manitoba D/ Alberta
18. Which city is the main center of the Mormon faith?
A/ San Francisco B/ San Antonio
C/ Salt Lake City D/ Topeka
19. Which poet is associated with the song Auld Lang Syne?
A/ Sir Walter Scott B/ Robert Browning
C/ William Wordsworth D/ Robert Burns
20. Which of these US Presidents did NOT serve two terms of office?
A/ Harry Truman B/ Jimmy Carter
C/ Dwight Eisenhower D/ Ronald Reagan
21. Signed in 1998, the Good Friday Agreement dealt with the problems of ....
A/ coalmining B/ global warming
C/ AIDS in Africa D/ Northern Ireland
22. Carnegie Hall is associated with...
A/ American football B/ classical music
C/ modern art D/ the movie industry
23. Oscar Wilde went on trial for ...
A/ forging a cheque B/ stealing a jewel
C/ homosexual practices D/ active pacifism
135
24. Benjamin Franklin was the inventor of the...

A/ lightening rod B/ mechanical counter
C/ submachine gun D/ typewriter
25. Which of them is NOT a Corn Belt state?
A/ Illinois B/ Iowa C/ Nebraska D/ Wyoming
26. Gibraltar has been a British colony for...
A/ 150 years B/ nearly 200 years
C/ over 260 years D/ nearly 300 years
136
TEST 11
XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP OKRĘGOWY 2005
137
GRAMATYKA 1
1. Being well past his retirement age, Mr Salts leads the hectic life of a successful
head of a big company. I wish I could be as energetic ________ his age.
A/ in a half of B/ at half C/ at the half of D/ at a half of
2. What is the point of having members of elite police units who would be trau-
matized at every instance of ________ ?
A/ having been shot B/ being shot
C/ shooting to them D/ being shot at
3. Mother just smiled and said nothing. Somehow she always knew when we
________ something, but usually did nothing.
A/ were away on B/ made out C/ went down for D/ were up to
4. The painting was displayed at an exhibition in a converted ________ abusive, but

further boosted the opinions of the Arts Council as atheist.
A/ church that in itself wasn’t B/ church, which in itself wasn’t
C/ church, that was not yet D/ church, what was not yet
5. The book convincingly shows the complex web of animosities that __________
decades to burst into a civil war shortly after the fall of the Emperor.
A/ had simmered for B/ had been simmering since
C/ have been simmering for D/ were simmering for
6. He’s afraid to stop playing for fear that the very day he ________ from the lottery
might be the day that his lucky numbers are drawn.
A/ withdraws B/ will have withdrawn
C/ will had withdrawn D/ will withdraw
7. What mattered was not what Kerry did (or failed to do), but how he was ________
weak and powerless, not the best feature in a leader.
A/ made into looking B/ made look
C/ made up as looking D/ made to look
8. After the row, Robert Dole quit and founded a new settlement over the river.
________ over 40 families following him.
A/ It was said to have been B/ They were said to be

C/ There were said to be D/ It was told to have been
138
XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 11
9. Therapy induced hair loss does produce some difficulties as patients seem to
be reluctant ________ without any head covering.
A/ on seeing them B/ to being seen
C/ to be seen D/ to have been seen
10. The standard theory still has a sudden climate change as the culprit. But the
more recent fossils are somewhat ambiguous and point that this ________ the case.
A/ might not be B/ can’t have been
C/ might not have been D/ couldn’t be
11. The concert was rather violent from the start and ________ a free-for-all both on
stage and in the audience.
A/ ended as B/ ended in C/ ended at D/ ended by
12. The painting, not seen since the Civil War, was regarded as irretrievably lost and so
it ________ the unexpected contact made with an auction house in Georgia last spring.
A/ would be but not for B/ would have been but for
C/ were but for D/ be but for
13. The ranchers were rather unsophisticated people and all they were interested
in was to get ________ possible out on the grass.
A/ so much cattle like B/ as many cattle as
C/ as much cattle as D/ so many cattle like
14. If the place where those photos were shot ________ a zoo, the photographer must
have been using a high quality telephoto lens.
A/ was not B/ hadn’t been C/ were not D/ wouldn’t be
15. The ballad is a reflective story about the way things used to be and so isn’t
________ anyone but an aged veteran could have in his repertoire.
A/ a type of a song B/ the type of a song

C/ the type of song D/ type of the song
16. Our former boss was like a politician: always ready to ________ anything substantial.
A/ make lots of talking without saying
B/ be making some speech but not tell
C/ be doing talking while not to say
D/ do a lot of talking without saying
17. Although North Pond is described as shallow in the guide book, at some points
only Niki’s head ________ out of the water. It’s good her mother couldn’t see it.
A/ stuck B/ has been sticking C/ was stuck D/ has stuck
139
GRAMATYKA 2
1. Szok przyszedł w jakiś czas po wylądowaniu, ponieważ dopiero wtedy zda-
łem sobie sprawę {=REALIZE}, jak byliśmy blisko utraty życia.
The trauma came ______________________________ because only _____________________ close
__________________________________________ killed.
2. Głos na nagraniu brzmiał nienaturalnie, jak gdyby dziewczyna próbowała

wydać się bardziej dojrzałą niż była naprawdę.
The voice in the recording ________________________________ mature ____________________
3. Strażników, którzy byli na dworze, mogło zmylić {=MISLEAD} to, że na da-

chu sąsiedniegu budynku byli robotnicy wykonujący prace konserwacyjne.
The guards ________________ outside ________________________________________ maintenance
work on the roof of the neighbouring building.
4. Ulubiona historyjka mojego dziadka była o tym jak wzięto {=MISTAKE} go

za niemieckiego aktora filmowego. Choć sama historyjka może być prawdzi-
wa lub nie, z pewnością pokazuje, jak dobry musiał być jego niemiecki.
My Grandad’s favourite ___________________________ about _________________________ actor.
While the story ____________________________ true, it definitely shows ______________
5. Przyznajmy {=ADMIT}, że te 150 tysięcy dolarów, które jak twierdzi się, on

zarabia, to nieźle, nawet jak na standardy kalifornijskie.
__________________________ said ______________ is not bad even by California standards.
6./7. Jest różnica pomiedzy zbieraniem autografów a zbieraniem sztuki. Inaczej

niż w przypadku dzieła sztuki, sam podpis nie ma wartości estetycznej.
A zatem, nigdy nie kupuj autografu dopóki nie będziesz wiedział, czyj pod-
pis kupujesz i dlaczego chcesz go mieć na własność.
_______________ between collecting _______________ Unlike __________________________ no
aesthetic value ____________. Thus, never __________________________________________ own it.
8. W tego typu nagłych sytuacjach rodzice obywateli amerykańskich mogą li-

czyć na jakąś ochronę, nawet jeśli żadne z nich nie jest obywatelem Stanów
Zjednoczonych.
In emergencies of this kind ________________________________________ on some kind of
protection _____________________________________________________________________
140
9./10. W przypadku dzieci najlepiej jest w ogóle unikać zmuszania je by pozo-

wały. Najlepsze ujęcia będziesz miał, jeżeli będą kompletnie nieświadome
tego, że się je fotografuje.
With children, the best thing _________________________ at all; you’ll
get the best shots ____________________ unaware _______________________________________
11. Skoro Dolores twierdzi {=CLAIM}, że jest już w takim wieku, żeby zacząć
się uczyć gotowania, niech wybierze {=PICK} kilka przepisów, które przy-
gotuje dla swoich koleżanek z klasy.
Since ________________ to _______________________ cook, __________________ recipes _______________
12. Około 30 minut po tym, jak rozpoczęła się ta operacja, lokatorzy mieszkań,
które były przeszukiwane {=SEARCH}, usłyszeli eksplozję.
About 30 minutes after ______________________ the residents of _____________
13. W latach 50-tych w miasteczku było aż trzydziestu krawców, co pokazuje,

jak mało popularna była wówczas gotowa odzież.
In ___________________ tailors _________________ uncommon ready-made ___________________
14. Zakaz ten był szokiem dla wieśniaków, zwłaszcza tych mieszkających nad
rzeką, z których wielu traktowało łososie jako coś w rodzaju własności oso-
bistej.
The ban came as a shock to __________________________________________________________________
salmon as a kind of personal property.
15./16. Dziewczyna chwyciła dzbanek i piła łapczywie, tak jakby nie piła od kilku
dni. Zimna woda miała cudowny smak, znacznie lepszy od wina.
The girl grabbed the jug and _______________________________________________________ The
cold water tasted _________________________________________
17. Nie byłem na tegorocznym festiwalu, ale nie mogło być tak wielu dobrych
filmów jak w zeszłym roku, jeśli jury musiało wybrać coś opartego na po-
śledniej powieści z XIX wieku.
I haven’t been to this year’s festival, but _______________________________ if the jury
____________________________________ based on a second-rate 19th century novel.
141
SŁOWNICTWO
1. As kids we used to swing on a _ _ _ _ tied to a branch of a tree.
2. The most characteristic feature of a zebra are the _ _ r _ _ _ _ that cover

its body.
3. The book portraying the Prophet as a petty criminal is an _ _ s _ _ _ to

Muslims.
4. The Mayor refused even to discuss the proposal and said it was
_ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the city, depriving it of over one third of its tax
income.
5. Speaking about bikes, I had no _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ model in mind.
6. With one exception, snakes living in our region are completely

_ _ r _ _ _ _ _ to people.
7. For Greg, survival in junior high school meant _ v _ _ _ _ _ _ the bullies

at recess and going unnoticed by the maths teacher in class.
8. With aging my Dad is becoming more and more _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ and

needs to be reminded of the most basic things concerning his work.
9. Cinderella’s stepmother and stepsisters treated her very

_ _ k _ _ _ _ _ to say the least.
10. The fact that my remarks shocked or offended so many was not a surprise
for me. While making them, I did not want to _ _ e _ _ _ everyone.
11. Meg’s diary should be required _ _ a _ _ _ _ for parents of teenage girls.
12. Due to DNA testing, the courts can now rule with a high degree of
probability, or indeed, with _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ in contested paternity cases.
13. All the temples were oriented _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ to catch the first rays of the
rising sun.
14. He felt a twinge of _ _ a _ _ _ _ _ seeing how attracted Laura was to his

brother.
15. Renault and Opel are among the biggest car _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in

Europe.
142
16. With the rise in crime, the _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of prisons became a major

problem. In some prisons there were not enough beds for inmates.
17. The system was introduced very recently and it’s too early to draw
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about its success or failure.
18. The island was densely _ _ o _ _ _ with oak and maple trees and was
used as a hideout for guerilla fighters.
19. Products with well known _ _ _ _ _ m _ _ _ _, such as Nike, Panda or

Teflon are more expensive without necessarily being better.
20. Having lost all purpose in life, Serrano sat idly on the porch or went out
to wander _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ through the fields.
21. The sound of the explosion was _ _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ and left me with

agonising pain in my ears. Only gradually did the hearing return.
22. While several people helped Dan carry out his plan, the idea was
_ _ t _ _ _ _ _ his own.
23. Lee felt _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lonely and threatened as one after another

his fellow pilots were being shot down.
24. “His _ _ l _ _ _ _ _” is the form of address for the Pope, Orthodox

patriarchs and the Dalai Lama.
25. The drunken man was _ _ a _ _ _ _ against the wall, clearly unable to
stand on his own.
26. No bone was fractured in the crash but all my muscles were _ _ h _ _ _,
making the slightest movement extremely painful.
27. After his hand was fractured, he had to wear a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cast for
several weeks.
28. Any critics of the dictator faced long-term _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or

execution.
29. After we accidentally pulled out some of Mom’s carnations, we were

never again asked to help her with _ _ e _ _ _ _ the flower beds.
30. While not a member of our Party, he was _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to our

cause and had helped us many times.
143
31. Being a humble man, the captain would never boast of his war deeds, for
which he had received _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ decorations.
32. The woman who went away for the weekend leaving two small kids
unattended was charged with parental _ _ _ l _ _ _.
33. The country was rather hilly before the Ice Age. Then came the glaciers
and _ _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ the hills, contributing to the monotony of the
landscape.
34. While signing the contract, I agreed to work weekends because

_ _ h _ _ _ _ _ _ I wouldn’t have been hired.
35. His _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the job was clearly seen in his failure to act
in what was a minor crisis after all.
144
CZYTANIE
More than 85 cities have “living-wage” laws, but they apply only to munici-
pal workers or employees at businesses with government contracts. The Santa Fe
law applies to all private businesses in the city with 25 or more workers. Local
businessmen, fed up with escalating intervention, are fighting back.
The Santa Fe Chamber of Commerce and other groups have filed a lawsuit in
state court claiming the ordinance violates New Mexico’s constitution. Last year,
the Louisiana Supreme Court overturned the living-wage law for New Orleans,
so a legal challenge might work again. These legal battles have not deterred other
cities, most recently San Francisco, from considering citywide minimums.
San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Matt Gonzalez, the country’s
highest-ranking Green party officeholder, wants to impose a citywide minimum
of $8.50 an hour. Gonzalez says this 26 percent hike will help „the most vulnerable
workers.” In reality, this increase in labor costs would set in motion responses by
businesses that would hurt those at the bottom of the economic ladder.
1. As regards wage regulation in the USA,...
A/ Santa Fe is no more radical than another 85 cities
B/ Santa Fe is among the five most radical cities
C/ San Francisco is more radical than Santa Fe
D/ Santa Fe may be more radical than New Orleans
2. Matt Gonzalez ...
A/ comes high nationally in opinion polls
B/ is a major Green Party politician
C/ effectively controls the Green Party
D/ is among the top US elected officials
3. The text suggests ....
A/ the Santa Fe law may be overturned
B/ lawsuits in 85 US cities are likely to follow
C/ the courts are not eager to interfere with the economy
D/ San Francisco wants to go national with its labor law
=========
A combination of economic misfortune and an excessive predilection for wel-
farism have created a peculiar, and deeply unattractive, psyche among many Liv-
erpudlians. They see themselves whenever possible as victims, and resent their
victim status; yet at the same time they wallow in it. Part of this flawed psychologi-
145
cal state is that they cannot accept that they might have made any contribution to
their misfortunes, but seek rather to blame someone else for it, thereby deepen-
ing their sense of shared tribal grievance against the rest of society. The deaths of
more than 50 Liverpool football supporters at Hillsborough in 1989 was undeni-
ably a greater tragedy than the single death, however horrible, of Mr Bigley; but
that is no excuse for Liverpool’s failure to acknowledge, even to this day, the part
played in the disaster by drunken fans at the back of the crowd who mindlessly
tried to fight their way into the ground that Saturday afternoon. The police be-
came a convenient scapegoat, and the Sun newspaper a whipping-boy for daring,
albeit in a tasteless fashion, to hint at the wider causes of the incident.
4. The unfortunate psychological makeup of Liverpudlians is ...
A/ completely their own fault B/ a byproduct of the welfare state
C/ mostly an effect of bad fate D/ partly of their own making
5. As regards the Hillsborough disaster, it is likely that...
A/ the police should not be blamed for it
B/ part of the blame lies with the Sun
C/ the whole blame lies with the drunken mob
D/ part of the blame may lie with the police
6. The position taken by the Sun ....
A/ may have contributed to animosity against the police
B/ ran against the general feeling in Liverpool
C/ told the Liverpudlians they were right
D/ may have angered some policemen
7. Liverpudlians, as evaluated here, cannot be seen as ...
A/ crybabies B/ moaners C/ chancers D/ grumblers
When Keller had said that he had some little experience of navigating rap-
ids, he had been doing himself less than justice. As far as the untrained observer
could see, he was masterly. He was positively dancing a jig at the controls. He
no longer had the throttle pulled back but kept altering it between half and full
ahead, which, considering their speed, might have seemed foolhardy, but wasn’t.
By doing this and by ignoring the air ducts and maintaining the cushion pressure
as high as possible he could all the more easily avoid making violent course altera-
tions which would have slewed the hovercraft broadside and into disaster. Instead,
he was deliberately aiming for and riding his hovercraft over the less fearsome
rocks in his path.
146
8. While controlling the hovercraft, Keller ...

A/ was mindful not to go too slowly
B/ carefully avoided going too fast
C/ never looked behind
D/ avoided making violent moves
9. In his navigation, Keller ...
A/ successfully avoided the rocks
B/ twisted between the rocks
C/ made use of some rocks
D/ successfully sought the rocks
10. Keller didn’t like to....
A/ take risks B/ boast
C/ change decisions D/ understate things
OOOOOOO
11. To be thought beautiful was something she had abandoned any hope of.
Yet to be thought beautiful by a blind man was not __________; it had with it
a pathetic sense that she was deceiving him.
A/ something she would easily dismiss
B/ unpleasant – and she did fancy Alistair
C/ merely – at best – a dubious compliment
D/ an altogether unpleasant experience
12. So that’s the unappetizing cake the moviemakers have baked – and to dis-
guise its taste, ___________ pretension: Our heroine is a writer, and looks for
clues to her situation in random works of poetry she sees posted in the sub-
way – Dante, Garcia Lorca, etc. The film’s director, Jane Campion, is already
in the Pretension Hall of Fame for her awful 1993 movie The Piano, and she
further distinguishes herself here.
A/ they have topped it with a thick icing of
B/ it was necessary to hide the movie’s
C/ some kind of sweetening had to replace
D/ the effort that was made was tainted with
147
13. The nice, middle-class people who go into teaching are mostly not very gift-
ed at dealing with the unacademic children.’ A few teachers have the gifts
and the vocation to deal with the incredibly difficult and time-consuming
problems that a criminally minded 15-year-old can cause in a school, but
most teachers would rather __________. It is a dreadful waste of good teachers,
and a dreadful discouragement to them, if their main activity turns out to
be unarmed struggle with hooligans.
A/ not encounter him in private
B/ be rid of martial arts assignments
C/ respond with patient stoicism
D/ get on with the task of teaching
14. A man who does not know what to do with his freedom is like a box of
fireworks into which a lighted match is thrown: he goes off in all directions
at once. And such, multiplied by several millions, is modern society. The
welfare state is—or has become—__________ the natural consequences of
their own disastrous choices, thus infantilising them and turning them into
semi-dependants, to the great joy of their power-mad rulers.
A/ a giant organisation to shelter people from
B/ the provider of benefits to idlers despite
C/ a nanny for millions who are slow to see
D/ a Roman emperor to idle crowds regardless of
148
TEST LUK
He did not hurry through the ticket barrier, and when he walked out of the
station all the taxis had been taken. He stood on the pavement, not sorry to
be delayed a little, for he was coming to reside at the University for the first
time and was so afraid that even now, if he had had the chance, he would
have turned and fled back into his previous life. The 1/ ____________ that he had
worked for 2/ ____________ for this moment made no 3/ ____________: if he could not
run back 4/ ____________, he at least would prefer to loiter about, 5/ ____________ nearer
by degrees only to 6/ ____________ college on whose books he was enrolled
7/ ____________ a student.
During this 8/ ____________ hesitation he stared down towards the 9/ ____________,

aware that behind him a young man was 10/ ____________ with a porter about
a lost bag of golf-clubs. What he could 11/ ____________ did not look very
remarkable; there were billboards 12/ ____________ beans and the ATS, people
pushing 13/ ____________ a red bus, a glazed-brick public-house. 14/ ____________ pony
and cart creaked down the 15/ ____________, the man holding the slack reins,
a bowed 16/ ____________ in the faint dusk. John 17/ ____________ about for colleges
and old buildings, 18/ ____________ could only see distantly a spire or 19/ ____________,
and watched a woman buying some sprouts 20/ ____________ a greengrocer’s fifty
yards 21/ ____________. His bag stood 22/ ____________ him on the kerb.
It was 23/ ____________ he had crammed everything he 24/ ____________ into that bag
that it was 25/ ____________ heavy and forced him to take a taxi, a 26/ ____________ he
had never done before. 27/ ____________ his china had gone before him in a little
crate: everything else 28/____________ been packed in his case, 29/ ____________ was
149
a small trunk with a handle. He could 30/ ____________ carry it twenty yards, it was
so heavy.
Anxiously he waited. The driver of the first taxicab back grinned and switched
off his engine as John gave him the address of his college.
„Sorry, sir, I’m goin’ to ‘ave my tea.”
„Oh.”
He went back to the kerb again. The second driver was willing, and after
a short, blurred ride, set John down at his gates for two shillings. John gave
him half a crown, and, afraid that the man would try to give him sixpence
change, stepped quickly through the gate into the college porch. He heard
the taxi drive away.
Adapted from Jill by Philip Larkin
150
KULTURA
1. The first European settlers in what is now New York City were...
A/ English B/ Irish C/ Dutch D/ French
2. The City of Dreaming Spires is .....
A/ Cambridge B/ York C/ Oxford D/ Coventry
3. In World War II, Bletchley Park was a/n/...
A/ cryptography centre B/ SOE training base
C/ internment camp D/ nuclear facility
4. The Magna Carta dates from the ...
A/11th century B/ 12th century
C/ 13th century D/ 14th century
5. The New Deal can be associated with the...
A/ Great Depression B/ abolition of slavery
C/ era of Prohibition D/ Indian Wars
6. Which State is nicknamed the Lone Star State?
A/ Virginia B/ Louisiana C/ California D/ Texas
7. Which of these plays by Shakespeare is not a comedy?
A/ The Merchant of Venice B/ Measure for Measure
C/ Twelfth Night D/ Coriolanus
8. Which author lived during the Civil War?
A/ Mark Twain B/ Edgar Allan Poe
C/ William Faulkner D/ Theodore Dreiser
9. Greenwich Village used to be associated with ....
A/ the labor movement B/ Bohemian artists
C/ progressive education D/ Orthodox Jews
10. Which part of the US legislature is elected on the basis of proportional voting?
A/ the Senate B/ the House of Representatives C/ both D/ neither
11. The Canterbury Tales are told during a ....
A/ crusade B/ pilgrimage C/ wedding D/ plague
12. The radio broadcast that created panic in America was directed by ....
A/ Orson Welles B/ Steven Spielberg
C/ D.W. Griffith D/ Alfred Hitchcock
13. Which of these statements about Jack London is not true?
A/ He was a Socialist. B/ He was a pioneer of aviation.
C/ He joined the Klondike Gold Rush. D/ He was self-taught.
151
14. The last land battle fought in Great Britain was at...
A/ Sedgemoor B/ Hastings C/ Culloden D/ Marston Moor
15. One of the most typical instruments in country music is the...
A/ flute B/ trumpet C/ piano D/ banjo
16. Which US President was defeated in his re-election bid?
A/ Jimmy Carter B/ Richard Nixon
C/ Lyndon Johnson D/ Ronald Reagan
17. The painter J.M.W.Turner was a forerunner of ....
A/ impressionism B/ expressionism
C/ surrealism D/ cubism
18. The writer who himself translated many of his works into English was ...
A/ Jerzy Kosinski B/ Saul Bellow
C/ Isaac B. Singer D/ Bernard Malamud
19. Isadora Duncan was a/n/ ...
A/ opera singer B/ jazz singer
C/ portrait painter D/ modern dancer
20. The quote “I am come in sorrow.” is from ....
A/ Lord Jim B/ The Heart of the Matter
C/ Darkness Visible D/ Waiting for Godot
21. Florence Nightingale became famous for what she had done in the...
A/ Napoleonic Wars B/ Crimean War
C/ Boer War D/ Great War
22. Which of them is not a Scottish city?
A/ Glasgow B/ Inverness C/ Dundee D/ Pembroke
23. Alexander Fleming was a/n/..
A/ architect B/ physicist C/ biologist D/ statistician
24. The State of Oregon is in the...
A/ Deep South B/ West Coast C/ Great Plains D/ Corn Belt
25. Which of these places has the strongest links to Poland?
A/ Tampa B/ Charleston C/ Austin D/ Savannah
26. Cornwall is situated in ...
A/ northern Scotland B/ southern Wales
C/ southwestern England D/ central England
152
ETAP CENTRALNY - FINAŁ
TEST 12
ETAP CENTRALNY
153
TRANSLATION & USE OF ENGLISH

1. Bez względu na to, ile podatnik będzie w końcu musiał za to zapłacić, prawdzi-
wi wielokulturowcy będą zawsze za tym, żeby pozwalać Łotyszom czy Kurdom
zdawać prawo jazdy po łotewsku i kurdyjsku zamiast wymagać od nich, żeby
opanowali [=MASTER] przedtem podstawy angielskiego.
No matter _______________________________________________________________ for it in the end, true
multiculturalists _____________________ for allowing ________________________________expecting
them _____________________________ basic English ________________________________
2. Czasami jej sposób rozwijania fabuły mógłby być lepszy. Jej siła jako powieściopi-
sarki leży w wyobraźni i tym, że to, co ją naprawdę interesuje, to to w jaki sposób
to, co robi jedna osoba, wpływa [=AFFECT] na uczucia drugiej osoby.
At times her storytelling ___________________________________ Her strength as ________________
truly ______________ how ________________ feelings.
3. Te badania rzeczywiście wskazują, że charakter dziecięcego lęku przed ciem-

nością zmienia się od mniej więcej ostatnich dwu dziesięcioleci. Tradycyjnego
potwora spod łóżka zastępują gotowe obrazy wdrukowane w dziecinne umysły
przez telewizję, kino i gry komputerowe.
The research does ____________ the nature ________________________ dark to ___________
two decades or so. ________________________________________ by ready-made images
imprinted on _____________________________________________
4. Jestem raczej pewien, że nowy przepis zostanie dobrze przyjęty [= WELCOME]

nawet przez tych zmotoryzowanych, którym, jak mnie samemu, odholowano
[= TOW AWAY] auto i którzy musieli zapłacić 50 funtów grzywny.
I’m fairly sure __________________ regulation _________________________________________ those
motorists _____________________________________________________________________________________ fine.
5. Państwa uczestniczące w konferencji zgodziły się utworzyć [= SET UP] fundusz

200 milionów dolarów, z których dwie trzecie miały wpłacić [= CONTRIBU-
TE] Stany Zjednoczone, o których twierdzi się, że ponoszą odpowiedzialność
za ponad 60 procent skażenia. Ale dla przywódców Unii Europejskiej było to
za mało i za późno
The countries participating ______________________________________________________ a fund of
responsible ______________________ of the pollution.
_______________________________________________
But __________________________________ leaders this was __________________________
154
XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 12
6. Dopiero kiedy krajowe gazety zaczęły o tym pisać, przypomniałem sobie, jak
wujek Artur mówił, że połowa waz w Sali Kantońskiej musi być pruskimi ko-
piami. Nie spytałem go o żadne szczegóły, co z mojej strony było bezmyślnoś-
cią.
Only when national newspapers _____________________ Prussian replicas. _______________
7. Dr Sirihana raczej trudno nazwać realistą. Jest takim rodzajem przywódcy, któ-
ry, gdyby miało dojść do rozbieżności między Indiami, w których się znajduje,
a Indiami w jego umyśle, bez wahania zdecydowałby na rzecz tych drugich.
Dr Sirihan ________________ hardly ___________________________________ kind of __________________
a discrepancy between ________________________________________________________________________
without hesitation decide ______________
8. Po aferze z Fischerem nie wolno wątpić, że to Zieloni, a nie ich oponenci, sta-
nowią teraz elitę systemu władzy. Jako tacy, przyzwyczaili się do prowadzenia
[=DO] krytyki a nie do tego, żeby ich samych krytykowano.
After Fischer’s affair _______________________________ doubts that ________________________ now
the Establishment. ________________________ accustomed ______________ the criticising
and not __________________________
9. W ciągu kilku godzin przed spadnięciem, Centrum zmieni orbitę satelity, tak
aby nie znalazł się on nad jakimiś obszarami zaludnionym, kiedy będzie się
spalał w atmosferze.
In the hours ___________________________ descent, the Center ____________________________________
______________________ over some populated areas ____________________________________
10. W trzech ostatnich dziesięcioleciach miliony chłopów wyemigrowały do

miast na wybrzeżu, a nowe miasta, takie jak Shenzen wyrosły [=SPRING UP]
tam, gdzie były kiedyś pola ryżowe. Nic dziwnego, że nowe pokolenie arty-
stów, dzieci migrantów, koncentruje [= FOCUS] się na krajobrazie miejskim.
To, co widzą jest przeciwieństwem harmonii: betonowe przestrzenie zapeł-
nione fabrykami, wieżowcami i slumsami.
Over ________________________________________________ to coastal
towns and new cities ___________________________ rice fields. No
wonder ________________________________ the migrants’ children,
___________________ the cityscape. ____________________ of harmony:
concrete sprawls ______________ and shanties.
155
VOCABULARY
1. She works for a marriage _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ agency where she tells young

couples how to avoid household conflicts.
2. We were taking in lots of water through the holes in the bottom and
without all the pumps we wouldn’t have managed to keep the boat
_ _ l _ _ _.
3. The term _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ refers to a sexual relationship with a married
person who’s not your husband/wife.
4. All our teachers are told that the subject of race should be handled very
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to avoid any possible conflict.
5. Some experts believe that the only way of preventing such accidents
from taking place is _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ regulation applied to this sport.
6. Meteorologists have warned that very strong _ _ l _ _ may be blowing in
from the sea over the next 12 hours.
7. All the _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ clapped their hands when the wounded man was
winched to safety aboard an RAF helicopter.
8. With more sports facilities available to the public, we might keep young
people busy and even prevent some would-be juvenile
_ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from breaking the law.
9. The ministry has decided that the only way to prevent the epidemic from
spreading was to _ _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ all the infected chickens.
10. The paratroopers have taken position at the entrance to the valley
_ _ _ i _ _ _ _ further orders.
11. The first official statement was _ _ s _ _ _ on the third day of the crisis,
which was too late.
12. To cope with the flu epidemic all the hospitals in the area were told to
limit the non-urgent _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and keep the beds ready for the
flu patients.
13. The paper has called it a scandal that all the new _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ _
are the prime minister’s personal friends with no prior experience in
administration.
14. After six weeks of draught, there was a _ _ v _ _ _ shortage of water in
the region.
156
15. It is not at all certain that this type of microwave will cook food
_ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ enough to kill all harmful bacteria.
16. While the operation of _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ one of the boy’s kidneys took
about 40 minutes, transplanting it into his sister lasted about nine hours.
17. Archaeologists have unearthed what they believe are the
_ _ m _ _ _ _ of a sacrificial vase.
18. In the _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ of the disaster there was a wave of criticism at the
handling of the crisis by the police.
19. The position of the building shows it may have been used as a
_ _ m _ _ _ of some unknown goddess.
20. After the champion’s defection to the West, all the stamps
_ _ _ r _ _ _ his picture were withdrawn from circulation.
21. The dodos were large birds that _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ from the face of the earth
long time ago.
22. A thermal camera that can detect a person’s body _ _ _ _ _ _ was used in
the search.
23. After serving two thirds of his _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ he was released on
humanitarian grounds and allowed to go back to his country.
24. I don’t think that I might save enough money to buy myself a new
Mercedes, not in the _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ future.
25. In his present post in Stambul, being fluent in Turkish and Arabic is
a great _ _ s _ _.
26. To be sure, both officers at the _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ of the presidential aircraft
are our best pilots.
27. I wouldn’t attach too much _ _ g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to his last remark. There
seems to be no hidden intention behind it.
28. They all complained to have been _ _ b _ _ _ _ _ _ to humiliating
treatment by the interrogators.
29. The boy’s _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ disorders are a result of eating all those
green apples; it has nothing to do with food poisoning.
30. The hotel is on a hill _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the city and offers a splendid
panorama of its historical part.
31. The car was completely destroyed but the driver escaped with just a few
cuts and _ _ _ i _ _ _.
157
READING
1. The program utilizes trained experts, many of them psychiatrists, who at-
tempt to resolve personal issues that contribute to a decline in performance.
That’s a novel concept in a country where performance-based evaluations are
seen as an example of “excess competition” – anathema to Japan’s hierarchi-
cal, age-based corporate structure.
A/ The role of the program is to improve age relations in industry.
B/ If successful, the program may prevent the corporate rat race
C/ The program is primarily aimed at senior employees.
D/ The program is to make its participants more competitive.
2. Some postmodern thinkers, no doubt under the spell of Michael Foucault,

believe that open societies are shams designed to render people accomplices
in their own victimization. What these writers discovered on September 11
is what Osama seems to have known when he launched his planes: America
comes so close to realizing the principles of an open society that an attack on
one must simultaneously be an attack on the other.
A/ Michael Foucault was proven right by September 11.
B/ Foucault and Osama criticize America for different things.
C/ Both Osama and Foucault are enemies of freedom.
D/ Foucault is now likely to find followers among Muslims.
3. One might have thought that the girls who have been forced into arranged
marriages would have received loud, consistent and vociferous support from
feminists. On the contrary, the feminists are the dog that did not bark, because,
I think, feminism has appealed to the same kind of mind as multiculturalism
has appealed to. And the only way the two isms can be held in the mind simul-
taneously is to ignore actual real-life evidence of their incompatibility.
A/ Feminists tend to view multiculturalism with understanding.
B/ For an average feminist, multiculturalism is simply wrong.
C/ Feminists and multiculturalists, more often than not, disagree.
D/ Feminism and multiculturalism exclude each other
ideologically.
158
4. Many judges who daily preside over trials in the crown court are of the view
that, although convictions against the weight of the evidence are extremely
rare, wrongful acquittals happen far too frequently. These are not ‘perverse’
acquittals in the sense that the jury has acquitted because it disapproves of the
law; they appear to result from a failure of the jury to apply to the evidence
the intellectual rigour necessary for its members to feel sure of the defend-
ant’s guilt. There are no appeals against such decisions.
A/ On the whole, juries are too soft on criminals
B/ A criminal trial would be impossible without a fair jury
C/ Too many jurors do not bother to examine the evidence.
D/ Professional judges think that many juries lack competence.
5. A dependence on natural resources fosters the illusion that you get rich by
taking what’s already there, rather than by creating something new. But the
automobile, the electric turbine, and the computer chip were not there for the
taking; they had to be created. There are countries that have recognized this
and, in doing so, evaded the resource curse.
A/ Natural resources and prosperity can seldom coexist.
B/ Possessing many natural resources can harm the country’s growth.
C/ Without natural resources, technology might develop faster.
D/ Technology makes you independent of natural resources.
6. Bluebirds, which are indigenous to North America, are in jeopardy because

they cannot find enough places to breed successfully. The availability of
wooden fence posts and dead trees which provided natural nesting cavities
for the birds is on the decline, as is their habitat of open fields and orchards.
They must also compete with the house sparrow and starling for natural
nesting cavities.
A/ In the past, bluebirds used to thrive in a man-made habitat.
B/ Bluebirds could hardly bear changes in the natural environment.
C/ Starlings and bluebirds lived in America before Columbus.
D/ Unlike sparrows, bluebirds bear badly the closeness of humans
159
7. While America’s idealism derives from the concept of liberty, Russia’s sprang
from shared suffering and common submission to authority. Everyone is eli-
gible to share in America’s values; Russia’s have been reserved for the Russian
nation, excluding even the subject nationalities of the empire.
A/ The Russians are more idealist than the Americans.
B/ Unlike the Americans, the Russians are materialists.
C/ The Russians do not share their values with neighbors.
D/ It is suffering that made the Russians so reserved.
OOOOOOO
8. In the early days of the war, the zealous advocates of each system refused to
listen to the others. When the British flew the B-17, it was according to their
philosophy, __________ had been built. Naturally, under those conditions, it did
not show up well. For our purposes it was superb.
A/ not the one for which the plane
B/ ignorant of how meticulously it
C/ for a decade that the aircraft
D/ despite the urgency with which it
9. In the morning, the gentlemen, well mounted in braided sombreros and em-
broidered riding suits, with much silver on the trappings of their horses, __________
the departing guests before committing them, with grave good-byes, to the
care of God at the boundary pillars of their estates.
A/ could be seen well ahead of
B/ showed their dry affection for
C/ stationed in the quarters of
D/ would ride forth to escort
10. Most of what we now call regenerative medicine aims not to stall the process
of aging but to compensate for it. Stem cells, for example, __________ that makes
old folks susceptible to Parkinson’s disease. The hope is that these embryonic
starter cells will generate new neurons to replace those ravaged by the age.
A/ will be used to hamper the blocking
B/ won’t prevent the mysterious neuron loss
C/ are to recircuit the neuron blurb
D/ can’t delay the process of muscle fatigue
160
11. There’s no way to know precisely what effect today’s nuclear weapons tests will
have on future generations. Just as early tests were conducted __________ of radioac-
tive fallout, physicists today may be unaware of any number of nuclear perils.
A/ without regard for the dangers
B/ even when the meters warned
C/ within excessively high doses
D/ dangerously close to the brink
12. Race relations in the middle class are very good – much better than Ameri-
ca’s, in my opinion. The problem is with __________: educationally unsuccess-
ful young people from immigrant families. They simmer angrily in derelict
post-industrial cities like Manchester and organize themselves into gangs.
There is, of course, no easier way to mark gang membership than by race.
A/ some ethnically marked strata
B/ the centre of the distribution
C/ the left-hand end of the Bell curve
D/ non-white descendants of former slaves
13. The popular lore of all nations testifies that duplicity and cunning, together
with bodily strength, were looked upon, even more than courage, as heroic
virtues by primitive mankind. To overcome your adversary was the great affair
of life. __________ But the use of intelligence awakened wonder and respect.
A/ The odds might be almost even.
B/ Courage was taken for granted.
C/ Cooperation stemmed from respect.
D/ The weaker prevailed through audacity.
14. We have no problem recognizing the historical markers that lift us above the
narrow bigotries of the past, no queasiness about celebrating the great moral
strides we’ve taken, the forward dynamics of our collective evolution. Across
time, we feel free to look down our noses. But across oceans, __________ Yet the
justification for one is the justification for the other. There must exist, in either
case, a hierarchy of lasting values against which all cultures can be measured.
A/ the white man’s burden appears real
B/ we start seeing things in perspective
C/ we feel compelled to reserve judgment
D/ our conscience no longer seems apprehensive
161
READING & WRITING

Wpisz brakujące litery w miejsce kresek. Wykreślone zostały zawsze drugie części wyrazów
ani jedno słowo nie zostało wykreślone w całości.
Zacznij od przeczytania całego tekstu.
Bareheaded, in a thin shirt and drawers, he felt the lingering warmth of the
fine sand under the soles of his feet. The narrow strand gleamed far ahead in
a long curve, defining the outline of this wild side of the harbour. He flitted
along the shore like a pursued shadow between the sombre palm-groves and
the sheet of water lying as still as death on his right hand.
He strode with head_ _ _ _ haste i_ the sil_ _ _ _ and soli_ _ _ _ as tho_ _ _
he h_ _ forgotten a_ _ prudence and cau_ _ _ _. But he kn_ _ that o_ this
si_ _ o_ the wa_ _ _ he r_ _ no ri_ _ of disc_ _ _ _ _. The on_ _ inhab_ _ _ _ _
was a lon_ _ _, sil _ _ _, apathetic Ind_ _ _ in cha_ _ _ o_ the palmarias,
w_ _ bro_ _ _ _ sometimes a lo_ _ of coco_ _ _ _ _ to the to_ _ for sa_ _. He
li_ _ _ wit_ _ _ _ a woman in an op_ _ sh_ _, with a perp_ _ _ _ _ fi_ _ of
dry sti_ _ _ smoul_ _ _ _ _ _ near an old ca_ _ _ lying bot _ _ _ u_ on the
be_ _ _. He co_ _ _ be eas_ _ _ avo_ _ _ _.
The bar_ _ _ _ of t_ _ dogs ab_ _ _ that man’s ranche w_ _ the fi_ _ _

th_ _ _ that che_ _ _ _ his sp_ _ _. He h_ _ forg_ _ _ _ _ the do_ _. He
swe_ _ _ _ sharply, a_ _ plunged in_ _ the palm-grove, a_ into a wilde_ _ _ _ _
of columns in an imm_ _ _ _ hall, wh_ _ _ dense obsc_ _ _ _ _ seemed to
whi_ _ _ _ and rustle faintly hi_ _ ab_ _ _ his he_ _.
He trav_ _ _ _ _ it, ent_ _ _ _ a ravine, cli_ _ _ _ to the t_ _ of a st_ _ _ ridge
fr_ _ of tr_ _ _ and bus_ _ _.
From th_ _ _, op_ _ and vague i_ the star_ _ _ _ _, he s_ _ the pl_ _ _

between the to_ _ and the har_ _ _ _. In the wo_ _ _ above so_ _ night-bird
ma_ _ a strange drum_ _ _ _ no_ _ _ . Be_ _ _ beyond t_ _ palmaria on the
be_ _ _ , the Indian’s do_ _ cont_ _ _ _ _ to ba_ _ uproariously.
He wond_ _ _ _ what h_ _ up_ _ _ them so mu_ _ , and, pee_ _ _ _ down
fr_ _ his elev_ _ _ _ _ , was surp_ _ _ _ _ to det_ _ _ unaccountable
move_ _ _ _ _ of the gro_ _ _ below, as i_ sev_ _ _ _ oblong pie_ _ _ of the
162
pl_ _ _ h_ _ been in mot_ _ _ . Th_ _ _ dark, shif_ _ _ _ patches,

alter_ _ _ _ _ _ catc_ _ _ _ and eluding t_ _ e_ _ , alt_ _ _ _ their pl_ _ _
always aw_ _ from the har_ _ _ _ , with a sugge_ _ _ _ _ of consecutive order
and pur_ _ _ _ . A li_ _ _ dawned up_ _ him. It was a col_ _ _ of infa_ _ _ _
on a ni_ _ _ ma_ _ _ towards t_ _ higher broken cou_ _ _ _ at the fo_ _ of
the hi_ _ _ . But he w_ _ too mu_ _ in the da_ _ about
every_ _ _ _ _ for won_ _ _ and specu_ _ _ _ _ _ .
The plain had resumed its shadowy immobility. He descended the ridge and
found himself in the open solitude, between the harbour and the town. Its
spaciousness, extended indefinitely by an effect of obscurity, rendered more
sensible his profound isolation. His pace became slower. No one waited for
him; no one expected or wished his return.
Adapted from Nostromo by Joseph Conrad
163
164
TEST 13
ETAP CENTRALNY
165
1. Gdyby nie muzyka, moglibyśmy zapomnieć, że jesteśmy na Bliskim Wschodzie.

Większość gości byli to albo Amerykanie, których firmy przysłały tu służbowo,
albo brytyjscy inżynierowie uczestniczący w jakimś projekcie irygacyjnym,
a w holu prawie nie słyszało się innego języka niż angielski.
. Most of the guests _____________________________ business, or
_________________________________
British ____________ involved in some irrigation __________________________ in the lounge.
2. Nie da się przewidzieć [=ANTICIPATE], kiedy i czy w ogóle będziemy mieli

jakieś wakaty, ale kiedy etat już się pojawi [=OPEN UP], będzie to ogłaszane
w lokalnej prasie, a wymagania zostaną określone [=OUTLINE] na naszej
stronie internetowej.
We _____________________________________________________________ job vacancies, ___________ a position
_________________________________________________________________________ our website.
3. Kiedy klatkę z niedźwiedziem opuszczano [=LOWER] na ziemię, zwierzęciu jakoś

udało się odciągnąć zasuwę, co, już na ziemi, pozwoliłoby mu na wypchnięcie drzwi.
Rzecz jasna, natychmiast wstrzymano opuszczanie i znowu trzeba było sprowadzić
samochód z wysięgnikiem.
As the cage ________________________________ the beast somehow _____________________ the
latch ___________________ once ________________________________ platform truck _______________________
4. Wtedy nadal można było iść do banku, wyciągnąć [=PRODUCE] papierowego funta
i poprosić o złoto wartości funta. Pod warunkiem, że nie wszyscy próbowali wymienić
swoje papierowe pieniądze na złoto w tym samym czasie, banki były bezpieczne, nawet
jeśli nie więcej niż jedna ósma pieniędzy papierowych miała pokrycie w złocie.
In those days you __________________________________________ and ask _________________ of gold.
______________________________________________________________________________________ backed by _________
5. Rzecz jasna, to wszystko jest supertajne, ale uważa się, że było od 10 do 20

udanych lotów tego samolotu przed poniedziałkową katastrofą. Ostre środki
bezpieczeństwa, które otaczają jej miejsce, mają zapobiec [=PREVENT]
wpadnięciu choćby strzępów informacji o samolocie w niewłaściwe ręce.
Of course, _____________________________ but there ____________________________________________________
________________ The high security _________________________________ bits of _______________
166
XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 13
6. Bez względu na to, czyim jesteś świadkiem, nigdy nie wolno ci ignorować
poleceń sędziego. Tak więc, kiedy adwokat sprzeciwi się [=OBJECT] pytaniu,
które ci zadano, nie zaczynaj odpowiadać dopóki sędzia nie upoważni [=AU-
THORIZE] cię do tego.
No matter _________________________________________________________________ you to ___________________
7. Jim Tracy – lekarz obozu a przy tym lekarz ogólny mający doświadczenie
w leczeniu cukrzycy – powiedział, że trzytygodniowy obóz jest wystarczająco
długi by dzieci wyrobiły sobie [=DEVELOP] dobre nawyki, które mogą zabrać
do domu.
Jim Tracy, _________________________________________ diabetes, _________________________________________
camp ______________________________________________________________________________________ with them.
8. Jego krajobrazy z okresu monachijskiego ujawniły [=REVEAL] szczególny styl, który

według niektórych krytyków był taki jak ojca czy nawet dziadka, chociaż moim
zdaniem nie był ani jednym ani drugim.
His landscapes ______________________________________________ peculiar ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Oferty muszą do nas wpłynąć nie później niż do końca maja, tak żebyśmy mieli
dość czasu by je rozpatrzyć [=CONSIDER], sprawdzić podane [=PROVIDE] liczby
i umówić się na spotkania z tymi, którzy zostaną wybrani do końcowej tury negoc-
jacji.
The offers ________________________________________________ May so _____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ round of negotiations.
167
VOCABULARY
1. The first thing I do while emptying my mailbox is throw away all that
_ u _ _ mail from companies and stores.
2. The road was so _ _ m _ _ that the car swerved and jolted; it was
impossible to take photos.
3. Food imports won’t be necessary as the frost has caused very little
damage to the _ r _ _ _ .
4. Turtles live in water and _ _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ on land. Both are reptiles.
5. After the country regained independence, many streets had to be _ _ n _ _ _ _
to avoid offending the memory of the victims of communism.
6. Before the Spanish came, this part of California was rather densely
_ _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ by Indian tribes.
7. In classical Greece lime juice was used by men and women alike to
_ _ _ h _ _ _ their hair.
8. Police and military officers set up _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at every major road
to inspect every car going out of the city.
9. When fitting winter tyres, motorists can leave their summer tyres in
_ _ _ r _ _ _ at the tyre shop.
10. As I looked left, I only caught a _ _ _ m _ _ _ of a man who might have
been the thief. I’m really not sure whether he was.
11. A blind goddess who represents Justice symbolises the
_ _ _ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the judges.
12. After giving birth a woman is entitled to a _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ leave of 18
weeks.
13. We use the _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ version of the novel because the full version
with over 1200 pages is simply too long for class use.
14. The force of the blast _ _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ many windows on nearby
buildings.
15. After the fire the tenants were _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ placed in bed and
breakfast accommodation.
16. On the whole, our daughter was _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dressed for the
occasion, although the cleavage might have seemed a bit risky.
168
17. The dog was _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ by the firefighters, who even built

a doghouse for him in the yard of the station.
18. His ability to take defeat with _ _ g _ _ _ _ has won him general respect.
19. Many kinds of heart surgery that were heralded as major breakthroughs
not so long ago have now become _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
20. The experts who examined the document had doubts about its
authenticity, though they did not state categorically that it was a
_ _ _ g _ _ _.
21. In our materialist society, wealth appears to be the only _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _
of success.
22. In Boston, she met Henry, a widower and 15 years her _ _ d _ _, whom
she married in 1900.
23 When he came to America in 1924, my grandfather was
_ _ n _ _ _ _ _ _ and had no friends. But he worked hard and in ten years
became a successful businessman
24. The _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ of light is 186,000 miles/sec or 300,000 km/sec.
25. At ten, my life plan was uncomplicated: I was going to invent some
device that everyone would want and become _ _ b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wealthy
before I was thirty.
26. The appearance of sharp pains in the chest, especially if accompanied
by a fast, pounding, or irregular _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ must be treated very
seriously.
27. Among the _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ at Professor Jollie’s funeral were many of his
former students.
28. _ _ h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a branch of medicine concerned with the eye
and its diseases.
29. Students of architecture will admire the cathedral’s _ _ r _ _ _ of style
– not a single stone has been changed in its magnificent Gothic shape.
30. Unlike _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ employees, who are paid monthly, wage earners are
paid at the end of the week.
31. The volume of noise outside a recording studio no longer
matters because new insulating materials can make any room
__u_______.
169
READING
1. The Treaty of Utrecht is an instrument on which, ironically enough, Spain in
some part bases its claim to Gibraltar. Though the treaty ceded Gibraltar to
Britain in perpetuity, its tenth article provided that, in the event that Britain
relinquished Gibraltar, Spain would have the right to reclaim possession.
A/ The treaty left the Anglo-Spanish conflict unresolved.
B/ Under the treaty Britain could keep Gibraltar indefinitely.
C/ There was a hidden contradiction in the treaty.
D/ The treaty left some room for Spain’s foreign policy.
2. In Britain this elite opposition is quite open. Though polls show that 82 per-
cent of the British would like to see the death penalty restored, the politicians
refuse even to discuss the matter. Their reluctance is reinforced by strong
pressure from the European Union that has decreed the death penalty to be
incompatible with membership in its civilized ranks.
A/ The British seem to be more bloodthirsty than the Europeans.
B/ Britain can no longer shape her own public institutions.
C/ Continental Europe appears to be more civilized than the UK.
D/ The abolition of the death penalty can be viewed as
undemocratic.
3. By using stale metaphors, similes and idioms, you save much mental effort at
the cost of leaving your meaning vague, not only for your reader but for your-
self. This is the significance of mixed metaphors. The sole aim of a metaphor
is to call up a visual image. When these images clash—as in The Fascist oc-
topus has sung its swan song, –it can be taken as certain that the writer is not
seeing a mental image of the objects he is naming; in other words he is not
really thinking.
A/ Metaphors are seen as a substitute for thinking.
B/ No metaphor can directly link two abstract concepts.
C/ Some metaphors come to mind naturally.
D/ All thinking requires the use of images.
170
4. Teacher training has come under particular and well-deserved fire as it has
bowed increasingly to eccentric fads and shortchanged the basics. A 1997
poll found that few education-school professors thought it important to train
student teachers to maintain discipline among the children (only 37 percent
said yes), correct punctuation, grammar, and spelling (19 percent), and en-
force student punctuality (12 percent) . They pass those cavalier attitudes on
to the next generation of teachers.
A/ Maintaining discipline in class is not as important now as
it used to be.
B/ University-trained teachers may lack some deep
insights into their job.
C/ Education professors tend to be out of touch
with the real needs of the school.
D/ University-based teacher training is
increasingly marginalized.
5. You would think that the extravagantly paid analysts and money managers who
follow IBM would have known about this problem well before the company
dropped its Big Blue bombshell, and warned investors what lay ahead. After all,
analysts who, as the term implies, are supposed to analyze companies’ businesses
and prospects are supposed to talk with big customers of the companies they
cover rather than relying on companies to spoon-feed them.
A/ Analysts reporting on IBM are being accused of dishonesty.
B/ IBM’s analysts seem to have been engaged in false accounting.
C/ IBM may have been misleading some of its customers.
D/ Some investment advisors can be blamed for being lazy.
6. But up until Barbie, manufacturers and advertisers generally respected the pre-
vailing cultural view about both the vulnerability of children and their subordi-
nation to their parents. Ruth Handler helped to change all that. As those disap-
proving mothers well understood, Barbie invited girls to identify not with mom
but with their hormonal and independent older teenaged sisters.
A/ Barbie doll was advertised to sisters rather than mothers.
B/ Parents and children often differ in matters of aesthetics.
C/ Barbie greatly contributed to turning children into customers.
D/ Today’s children are better guarded against advertising.
171
7. On his First Voyage, Columbus famously kept two sets of logs, one set for his
men and the other for himself. In the former, he deliberately understated the
distances travelled, so that the men wouldn’t become nervous about sailing so
far from home. But in his own logs Columbus mistakenly overestimated the
distances, so that the „fake” logs ended up being more accurate.
A/ Columbus discovered his error on reaching the Caribbeans
B/ Columbus admitted his deceit on reaching the Caribbeans.
C/ Columbus cared a lot about his reputation as a sailor.
D/ All through his voyage, Columbus ignored his position.
OOOOOOO
8. After arriving at the top of the tower—a journey that took twenty minutes—
he leaned out into the sky and went to work __________, and then, wearing rubber
gloves, to smear a rust-resistant paste onto whatever corrosion existed along
the flat surface and bolts of the tower.
A/ with brushes to remove the rusty wiring
B/ against rusty scrap to remove it all
C/ on the tangled wiring to brush its rust
D/ with wire brushes and scrapers to remove rust
9. Some constitutional theorists have maintained that any obscenity law is

a serious abridgment of free speech. Others have maintained that the First
Amendment was never intended to protect obscenity. __________ free speech
abridgements. There are restraints against false and misleading advertising or
statements shouting “fire” without cause in a crowded movie theater, etc. that
do not threaten, but strengthen, our societal values.
A/ We live quite compatibly with a host of
B/ Yet, it is hard to advocate, they say, more
C/ And the lawmaking process is not aimed at
D/ Simple decency sometimes calls for
10. Welsh-speaking Welsh people live almost everywhere in the country, and
nearly all schoolchildren learn something of the language. Only in certain
rural areas, though, __________ that the language is the true lingua franca of the
neighbourhood, spoken every day by most people in the ordinary course of
events, in schoolyard as in corner shop.
A/ will zealots of rather mild Welsh nationalism say
B/ are hereditary Welsh-speakers so concentrated
C/ could those with a clearly stated goal pretend
D/ can one have qualms about stating with confidence
172
11. The father was a wiry man, his visible skin pitch brown but in the summer heat
when he wore his blue overalls with no shirt, the unexpected whiteness of his
upper arms and body __________ his face and forearms. The paleness of the body pre-
viously hidden from the outside weather gave him an air of vulnerability, which
none of his family ever mentioned because he was their strength.
A/ gave awkwardly frivolous looks to
B/ contrasted with the leathery skin of
C/ would always divert the gaze from
D/ was strangely counterpointed on
12. It was her habit, whenever one of the children fell from grace, to improvise
something of a festival nature from which __________; if all the children sinned
collectively they were suddenly informed of a circus in a neighbouring town,
a circus of unrivalled merit and uncounted elephants, to which, but for their
depravity, they would have been taken that very day.
A/ some clear moral lesson could be read
B/ the rival, a one-day pick, would profit
C/ the offender would be rigorously debarred
D/ there could be absolutely no exemption
13. Now the political power on the island has shifted from the Irish to their co-re-
ligionists the Italian-Americans. A majority of them are related ancestrally to
agrarian villages in southern Italy, __________ a „village mentality,” a sense of insu-
larity and regularity, an affinity for the familiar and strong family ties.
A/ and they have reinforced
B/ which runs counter to
C/ a factor which neutralizes
D/ because they opt for
14. There is something about battle – the ghastly effort to kill young people with
state sanction – that accelerates time and __________. The hundred years of talk-
ing about slavery was not as important as two days at Gettysburg.
A/ reduces other considerations to trivialities
B/ unmasks the grim reality of realpolitik
C/ highlights the absurdity of the endeavour
D/ slows down civilised human efforts
173
READING & WRITING

Late one brilliant April afternoon Professor Lucius Wilson stood at the head of
Chestnut Street, looking about him with the pleased air of a man of taste who
does not very often get to Boston. He had lived there as a student, but for
twenty years and more, since he had been Professor of Philosophy in a West-
ern university, he h_ _ sel_ _ _ come East exc_ _ _ to take a ste_ _ _ _ for
some for_ _ _ _ port. Wilson was stan_ _ _ _ quite st_ _ _, contem_ _ _ _ _ _ _
with a whim_ _ _ _ _ smile the slan_ _ _ _ street, with i_ _ worn pav_ _ _,
i_ _ irre_ _ _ _ _, gravely colored hou_ _ _, and the r_ _ of naked tr_ _ _ on
wh_ _ _ the thin sunl_ _ _ _ was st_ _ _ shi_ _ _ _. The gleam o_ the river at
the fo_ _ of t_ _ hill ma_ _ him blink a lit_ _ _, n_ _ so mu_ _ because it
w_ _ too bri_ _ _ a_ because he fo_ _ _ it so plea_ _ _ _. The f_ _ passers-by
gla_ _ _ _ at him unconc_ _ _ _ _ _ _, and ev_ _ the chil_ _ _ _ who
hur_ _ _ _ al_ _ _ with th_ _ _ school-bags under th_ _ _ ar_ _ see_ _ _ to
fi_ _ it perf_ _ _ _ _ nat_ _ _ _ that a tall brown gentleman sho_ _ _ be
standing th_ _ _, looking up thr_ _ _ _ his gla_ _ _ _ at the gr_ _ housetops.
The sun sa_ _ rap_ _ _ _; the sil_ _ _ _ light h_ _ fa_ _ _ from the bare
bou_ _ _ and the watery twil_ _ _ _ was set_ _ _ _ in when Wilson at
la_ _ wal_ _ _ down the hi_ _, desce_ _ _ _ _ into cooler and cooler
dep_ _ _ of grayish sha_ _ _. His nostril, long unu_ _ _ to it, was qu_ _ _ to
det_ _ _ the sm_ _ _ of wood sm_ _ _ in the a_ _, ble_ _ _ _ with the odor o_
mo_ _ _ spring earth a_ _ the saltiness th_ _ came up the river wi_ _ the
ti_ _. He cro_ _ _ _ Charles Street bet_ _ _ _ jangling street cars and shelving
lumber drays, and af_ _ _ a mom_ _ _ of uncer_ _ _ _ _ _ wo_ _ _
into Brimmer Street. The street was quiet, dese_ _ _ _, and hu_ _ wi_ _ a thin
blu_ _ _ haze.
He h_ _ already fi_ _ _ his sh_ _ _ eye up_ _ the ho_ _ _ which he

reas_ _ _ _ sho_ _ _ be his objective po_ _ _, wh_ _ he not_ _ _ _ a wo_ _ _
appro_ _ _ _ _ _ rap_ _ _ _ from the oppo_ _ _ _ dire_ _ _ _ _. Always a_
174
interested obse_ _ _ _ o_ wo_ _ _, Wilson wo_ _ _ have slac_ _ _ _ _ his

pa_ _ anywhere to fol_ _ _ this o_ _ with h_ _ impersonal, apprec_ _ _ _ _ _
gla_ _ _. She w_ _ a per_ _ _ of disti_ _ _ _ _ _ he s_ _ at on_ _, and,
more_ _ _ _, very hand_ _ _ _. She was tall, car_ _ _ _ her beautiful he_ _
pro_ _ _ _, and mo_ _ _ with ea_ _ and cert_ _ _ _ _.
One immediately took for granted the costly privileges and fine spaces that
must lie in the background from which such a figure could emerge with
this rapid and elegant gait. Wilson noted her dress, too,—for, in his way, he
had an eye for such things,—particularly her brown furs and her hat. He got
a blurred impression of her fine color, the violets she wore, her white gloves,
and, curiously enough, of her veil, as she turned up a flight of steps in front of
him and disappeared.
Adapted from Alexander’s Bridge by Willa Cather
175
176
TEST 14
XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP CENTRALNY
177

1. W piętnastym spotkaniu rocznika 1980 uczestniczyło [=ATTEND] około
dwóch trzecich absolwentów, spośród których zaskakująco niewielu utrzymy-
wało [=MAINTAIN] ze sobą kontakty przed tą imprezą.
____________________________ reunion of the class ___________________________________________________
graduates, surprisingly __________________________________________________ before the event.
2. Zapytany o bieżącą działalność, Harry uśmiecha się nieśmiało i tłumaczy, że jego zaję-
cie to dowiadywać się, co kto komu sprzedaje i za ile. „Jak pan chce, można to nazywać
wywiadem handlowym.”
When asked ______________________________________________________ to find out ______________________
____________________________ commercial intelligence, if you wish.”
3. Gdyby Europa i Ameryka zniosły [=REMOVE] swoje cła na żywność, sama tylko
Afryka skorzystałaby ze wzrostu dochodów w wysokości 70 miliardów dolarów, czyli
mniej więcej pięć razy tyle, ile ten kontynent dostaje oddłużenia.
If Europe and America __________________________________________________________ benefit from
a ____________________________ income, which _____________________________________ in debt relief.
4. Przywódcy obu społeczności, których zgromadzono wkrótce po pierwszych zamiesz-

kach, zgodzili się, że sytuacja jest poważna i że nie wolno zrobić ani powiedzieć nicze-
go, co mogłoby zwiększyć napięcie. Gdyby trzymali się [=STICK TO] swoich własnych
słów, bylibyśmy teraz w całkowicie innej sytuacji.
The leaders _____________________________________________________________________ after the first
riot, _______________________________________________________________________________________ tension.
5. Sądząc po aktualnych recenzjach w mediach, krytycy, jak się wydaje, prawie

[=HARDLY] nie dostrzegli dwóch filmów, które osiągnęły największy sukces
u publiczności w zeszłym sezonie.
Judging ____________________________________________________ reviews in the media, the critics
seem ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Wiedza o tym, jaki procent turystów w zeszłym roku wybierał które hotele i z jakich
powodów, może być bardzo przydatna w planowaniu.
Knowing ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ in planning.
178
XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 14
7. Niech pan nie będzie zbyt zdenerwowany, kiedy coś nie pójdzie zgodnie z pla-
nem. Proszę to potraktować jako wyzwanie i próbować wyciągnąć z tego jakąś
naukę tak, żeby nie popełnił pan tego samego błędu w przyszłości.
Don’t be ___________________________________________ things _______________________________________
a challenge ________________________________ learn from it, so _________________________________
8. Lubię oglądać wszystkich tych liberalnych polityków i guru medialnych napawających

się blaskiem telewizji i kompletnie nieświadomych tego, że robi się z nich durniów. To
najzabawniejsza część tego programu.
and media gurus basking in TV
_________________________________________________________________
glow _______________________ unaware that ___________________________________ the show.
9. Niestety moje ciało przeszło przez okienko tylko do bioder, co pozostawiło mnie zakli-
nowanego połową w środku i połową na zewnątrz. Ponieważ ta połowa mnie, która już
była wewnątrz, była cięższa od tej, która czekała na wejście, zwisałem głową w dół.
Unfortunately, __________________________________________________ far ________________________ me
stuck _________________________________ of me _______________ waiting ____________________________
10. Polityką niskiego opodatkowania firm dostarczających wodę można wytłu-

maczyć, dlaczego przeciętny Kanadyjczyk zużywa 350 litrów wody dziennie,
prawie dwa razy więcej niż robimy to w Unii Europejskiej.
_____________________ low taxation of water companies _________________________________________
11. Nie jest łatwo zostawić rodzinę i przyjaciół i przenieść się do obcego kraju,
zwłaszcza takiego, w którym ludzie mówią innym językiem. Gdyby tak nie
było, niektóre części naszego kraju dawno by sie wyludniły [=DEPOPULATE].
A jeśli nic takiego dotąd się nie wydarzyło, musi być jakaś przyczyna.
It’s not an easy task __________________ especially ________________________________________________
of the kind ________________________________________________________ reason.
12. Chociaż jeziorka na mokradłach są cieplejsze od szybko płynących rzeczek,

w których łososie dobrze się czują [=THRIVE], często są one wystarczająco
chłodne, żeby łososie w nich odpoczywały podczas swoich wędrówek.
Although the ponds in wetlands __________________________________________________________
moving ___________________________________________________ enough _______________________________
during their migrations.
179
VOCABULARY
1. During my brother’s stay abroad, his house was _ _ r _ _ _ _, with thieves
breaking into a safe, taking cash and some jewellery.
2. When the witness refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions, the

judge threatened to jail him for _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ of court.
3. They let me feel my presence was _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ so I said goodbye

and left.
4. The promise of a suspended sentence was a strong _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ for

Gordon to cooperate with the police.
5. The prototype is now undergoing a series of _ _ i _ _ runs before the

final version is assembled.
6. _ _ a _ _ _ _ awareness – the ability to perceive the three dimensions – is

crucial for pilots.
7. His poetry appeals strongly to _ _ o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ – no longer kids but

not yet adults.
8. Her widely-read novels were ridiculed by _ _ _ _ _ w _ _ _ and the

literary elite.
9. This movie is full of _ _ d _ _ _ which has no aesthetic function but is to

titillate male viewers.
10. You pay more for a new car but then the cost of _ _ _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ is
much lower – no repairs, no spare parts, less fuel consumption, etc.
11. After the massage the pain didn’t go away altogether but was
considerably _ _ s _ _ _ _ _.
12. The train journey was horrible as I had the _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of being

seated next to two drunken sailors.
13. The generals ordered the inquiry trying to find a _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ who

could be blamed for their own errors.
14. There was public outcry about the fact that the fine imposed on the parents
was grossly _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the damage caused by the child.
180
15. The lonely hero is very unlike the _ _ _ _ _ _ t _ _ _ he played in his

previous movies.
16. Her reaction was not rehearsed. I can assure you she was _ _ _ u _ _ _ _ _
moved by the reception.
17. After a violent scene, Lydia broke off with Tim, _ _ r _ _ _ _ complicating
her already troubled emotional life.
18. Critics view his theory as _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ _, because it ignores all the
complexities of the phenomenon.
19. The plot _ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ when two more witnesses appeared and one of
the victims recalled most of his revelations.
20. Four men were playing cards in the corner with one keeping the _ _ o _ _
on the back of a paper napkin.
21. The police action was a serious _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ of the right to freedom of
religion.
22. The house looked ordinary from the outside but its _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ inside
was that it lacked a center hall, thus forcing you to go through rooms.
23. I was furious when Pam revealed the date of my return, because that,
_ _ _ c _ _ _ _ _, was what I wanted to keep secret.
24. I had never suspected how much a face-to-face _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ with that

great hero would change our lives.
25. The killer was never tried but after being declared _ _ s _ _ _ was
transferred to a locked unit in a psychiatric hospital.
26. The man had lacerated the skin on both hands after climbing over a
_ _ r _ _ _ wire fence.
27. Our data show that obesity tends to run in families, which suggests that
notwithstanding the diet, _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ may be a decisive factor.
28. Our progress was slow because the road was _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ with tree
branches, pieces of rock, broken masonry and other debris.
29. In most birds both parents take extensive care of their _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ _,

but there are some species where single mothers are the norm.
30. Doing _ _ s _ _ _ _ is an arm exercise performed lying face to the floor.

181
READING
The original charge against Christians in the Roman empire was that they were
“atheists”: people who were a-theos, people who had abandoned the gods of Rome
and who were thus a threat to public life and public order. To be a-theos was to
stand outside and over-against the political community. The “Christophobia” of
contemporary European high culture turns this indictment inside out and upside
down: Christianity cannot be acknowledged as a source of European democracy
because the only public space safe for pluralism, tolerance, civility, and democracy
is a public space that is thoroughly a-theos.
It is all very strange. For the truth of the matter is that European Christians
can likely give a more compelling account of their commitment to democratic
values than their fellow Europeans who are a-theos – who believe that “neutrality
toward worldviews” must characterize democratic Europe. A postmodern or neo-
Kantian “neutrality toward worldviews” cannot be truly tolerant; it can only be
indifferent.
Absent convictions, there is no tolerance; there is only indifference. Absent
some compelling notion of the truth that requires us to be tolerant of those who
have a different understanding of the truth, there is only skepticism and relati-
vism. And skepticism and relativism are very weak foundations on which to build
and sustain a pluralistic democracy, for neither skepticism nor relativism, by their
own logic, can “give an account” of why we should be tolerant and civil.
1. The rulers of classical Rome considered the state religion to be ...

A/ very important B/ potentially destructive
C/ a private matter D/ based on truth
2. The author seems to think that ...

A/ religion can be a basis for a pluralistic society
B/ Christianity is the only true religion
C/ democracy and religious beliefs oppose one another
D/ a pluralistic society cannot exist without religious values
3. The political system of modern Europe is based on the assumption that...

A/ truly religious people are an asset for democracy
B/ religion should be excluded from the public square
C/ religious beliefs should endorse tolerance
D/ the public existence of many religions is to be avoided
182
4. The author seems to...

A/ reject the idea of the existence of a single truth
B/ value neutrality of opinion higher than tolerance
C/ value tolerance higher than neutrality of opinion
D/ see tolerance and neutrality as mutually dependent
=========================
The Sikhs – the second-largest religious group of immigrants to England from

the Indian subcontinent – have in general integrated well into British society.
They are not felt to pose any kind of threat; they do well, both educationally and
commercially. Despite their striking appearance, they are rarely treated as a sepa-
rate group by the media, which is a sign of – and silent tribute to – their success.
Unlike young Muslim men of Pakistani origin, they show no signs of becoming
gaol fodder.
With a few exceptions, their marriage customs are distinctly more civilized
than those of the Muslims, and in some respects better than the native ones. Un-
like the Muslims, they do not force their children, by threats of violence or even
death, to marry those whom they have selected for them, but rather they give
them the right of veto. Their theory is that love follows marriage, and deepens
as the couple comes to share experiences, including that of having children. It is
a more mature and realistic theory, in most cases, than the native Romeo-and-Ju-
liet theory, which so often nowadays ends in bitterness, recrimination, and divor-
ce (or separation, when, as increasingly, there is no marriage in the first place) .
5. The author seems to be in favour of ...

A/ absorption of minority values B/ cohabitation before marriage
C/ arranged marriages D/ assimilation of minorities
6. Which statement finds support in the text?

A/ Sikhs are better in business than Muslims.
B/ Sikhs and Muslims in Britain are bound to clash.
C/ Sikhs in Britain easily abandon their lifestyle.
D/ Young Muslims in Britain often break the law.
7. The relative absence of Sikh topics in the press may be caused by publishers’ ...
A/ multicultural leaning B/ concern for circulation
C/ practical secularism D/ reluctance to annoy Islamists
OOOOOOO
183
8. Historians used to believe that a rise in Europe’s population led to a crisis of

too many noble “second sons,” those who were trained in chivalric warfare
but who had no feudal lands to inherit. The Crusades, therefore, ________ send-
ing these belligerent men far from Europe where they could carve out lands
for themselves at someone else’s expense. Modern scholarship, assisted by the
advent of computer databases, has exploded this myth.
A/ became a jack-in-the-pot device,
B/ enhanced the power of Christendom
C/ assumed the role of a jackhammer
D/ were seen as a safety valve,
9. Our schools have fulfilled the liberal educators’ every dream, abandoning
__________ and systematically replacing it with nurturing self-esteem—or at least
self-conceit– leaving their pupils unaware of their own disastrous ignorance,

unable even to read properly, and without a counterweight to their chaotic
home environments.
A/ educational achievement as their goal
B/ the universe of reasoned inquiry
C/ underachievement deemed as cruelty
D/ the notion of human responsibility
10. Talking with other guys across many years, it seems to me that most of us
__________ self-doubt in this area. The number of men who can honestly say that
they find it easy and painless to strike up acquaintances with women is, I feel
sure, pretty small. And those guys are all shallow, contemptible cads – every-
body knows that.
A/ rarely express any B/ can protect ourselves from
C/ nurse a lot of insecurity and D/ do wear a glossy mask of
11. Above all, this man who reportedly charmed his captors in Manchuria by
singing them hymns, was what the Welsh call “chapel”: pious, hardworking,
teetotal, a little priggish, and __________ so fierce that it gave him the strength to
report the truth of what he saw, at the cost, if need be, of his career and, some
would say, his life.
A/ whose innate intelligence was
B/ whose eccentricity of mind was
C/ with a penchant for argument
D/ armed with a sense of right and wrong
184
12. The airline cabin is the most advanced model of the modern social-demo-
cratic state, the sky-high version of the wildest dreams of big government.
Up there, all your rights have been regulated away: there’s no smoking; there’s
100 per cent gun control; you’re obliged by law to do everything the cabin
crew tell you; if __________, tough; if you’re rude back, you’ll be arrested on land-
ing. For 30 years passengers surrendered more and more rights for the illu-
sion of security.
A/ you get downed by the trolley
B/ the trolly lands on your back
C/ the trolley dolly’s rude to you
D/ the landing trolley offends
13. But we no longer think of children as adults-in-progress. Childhood is _________

a playground, and because we love our children and feel nostalgia for our
own childhoods, we want them to be able to linger there as long as possible.
We cultivate the idea of idyllic, carefree childhood, and as the years for educa-
tion have stretched so have the bounds of that playground, so that we expect
even “kids” in their mid-to-late twenties to avoid settling down.
A/ increasingly spent outside
B/ no longer a training ground but
C/ never again to be lived on a
D/ decreasingly associated with
14. As any schoolboy could tell you, winning fights enhances your status. If, in
prehistory, this translated into increased reproductive success, it might have
been enough to maintain a certain proportion of left-handers in the popula-
tion, by ________ with the advantages gained in fighting. If that is true, then there
should be a higher proportion of left-handers in societies with higher levels
of violence
A/ producing overachieving individuals
B/ replacing the stigma of oddity
C/ the merit of being the tough guy
D/ balancing the costs of being left-handed
185
READING & WRITING

The bronze doors slid apart, and Krogh was in the circular courtyard. Krogh
was surrounded by Krogh’s. The cold clear afternoon sky roofed in the cube of
glass and steel. The whole lower floors one room deep were exposed to him;
he could see the accou_ _ _ _ _ _ wor_ _ _ _ on the gro_ _ _ floor, t_ _ glass
flas_ _ _ _ primrose bef_ _ _ the electric fi_ _ _. He not_ _ _ _ at on_ _ that
the foun_ _ _ _ was comp_ _ _ _ _; the green sh_ _ _ worried h_ _ a_ he
w_ _ not of_ _ _ wor_ _ _ _; it acc_ _ _ _ him o_ cowardice. He h_ _
pandered to a fas_ _ _ _ he did n_ _ under_ _ _ _ _; he wo_ _ _ have mu_ _
preferred to set in the foun_ _ _ _ a mar_ _ _ goddess, a na_ _ _ child, a
ny_ _ _ with concealing ha_ _ _. He pau_ _ _ to exa_ _ _ _ the st_ _ _; no
inst_ _ _ _ told him whe_ _ _ _ it was go_ _ art or b_ _ art; he did not
under_ _ _ _ _. He was une_ _ _, but did not sh_ _ his uneas_ _ _ _ _.
His hi_ _ bald fa_ _, like a roll o_ newspaper, sho_ _ _ at a dist_ _ _ _ only bold
head_ _ _ _ _; the sma_ _ _ _ type, t_ _ little subtl_ _ _ _ _, obscure fears,
were invi_ _ _ _ _.
He grew aw_ _ _ of be_ _ _ observed; he was wat_ _ _ _ through the gl_ _ _

by an accou_ _ _ _ _ over h_ _ machine, by a dire_ _ _ _ from his chromium
bal_ _ _ _, by a wait_ _ _ _ drawing the bl_ _ _ leather bli_ _ _ in the staff
resta_ _ _ _ _. The day fa_ _ _ quickly ab_ _ _ his head, the lig_ _ _ began to
go o_ behind the cur_ _ _ glass wa_ _ _ while he dallied bes_ _ _ the gr_ _ _
statuary.
Krogh mou_ _ _ _ the steel st_ _ _ to the dou_ _ _ doors of Krogh’s. Wh_ _
his foot tou_ _ _ _ the t_ _ step, t_ _ doors sw_ _ _ open. He be_ _ going
in; it w_ _ a ha_ _ _ he h_ _ never bro_ _ _; six feet t_ _ in hei_ _ _ with a flat
aggressive back, he h_ _ been for_ _ _ for ye_ _ _ to bow in the doo_ _ _ _ of
his bed-sitting-room, his sm_ _ _ flat, his fi_ _ _ works. Wai_ _ _ _ for the li_ _
he tr_ _ _ to dis_ _ _ _ the statuary from mind.
The li_ _ was unatt_ _ _ _ _; Krogh liked to be al_ _ _. He was encl_ _ _ _ now
by a double thic_ _ _ _ _ of gl_ _ _, the gl_ _ _ wall o_ the li_ _, the gl_ _ _
186
wall o_ the buil_ _ _ _; the off_ _ _, like an untrustworthy man,

empha_ _ _ _ _ its transparency. Mov_ _ _ slowly and sile_ _ _ _ upw_ _ _ _
to the top fl_ _ _, Krogh could st_ _ _ see the foun_ _ _ _; it rec_ _ _ _, grew
sma_ _ _ _, flattened o_ _; as the concealed
ligh_ _ _ _ went o_ all ro_ _ _ the court, the brutal shape ca_ _ a deli_ _ _ _
shadow, li_ _ a dra_ _ _ _ on porcelain on the circ_ _ _ _ polished paving.
He tho_ _ _ _, I am neglecting something, with obs_ _ _ _ regret.
He entered his room and closed the door; the papers he had demanded were
stacked neatly on a desk which was curved to follow the shape of the glass
wall. he could see the reflection of the log fire in the window; a log shifted
and fell and a spray of pale heatless sparks rose up the glass.
Adapted from England Made Me by Graham Greene
187
188
TEST 15
XXX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP CENTRALNY
189

1. Wie pan co się mówi o Susan Hart: że mogłaby czytać słownik albo książkę
telefoniczną tym swoim anielskim głosem, a ludzie staliby w kolejce, żeby
jej posłuchać.
You know what they ____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ angelic ____________________________________
2. To prawda, że Grace była jedynaczką, ale nie była w najmniejszym stopniu

zepsuta i wielu ludzi z trudem wierzyło, że nie miała brata ani siostry.
It’s _________________________________________________ hard time ______________________________________
3. Rozwiązanie, które będzie równie zadowalające dla obu stron, może istnieć
lub nie. W każdym przypadku, porozumienie musi być osiągnięte nie póź-
niej niż w przyszłym tygodniu.
A solution ____________________________________________________________________________________________
parties ___________________________________________________ deal _____________________________
4. Pokój Tiny, który dawniej był pokojem jej brata, zanim został marynarzem,
był wytapetowany fotografiami wyciętymi ze starych katalogów i National
Geographic z lat 50-ych i 60-ych.
Tina’s room, _________________________ sailor, was wallpapered ____________________________
5. Dla Żydówki nie było łatwo mieszkać pod fałszywym nazwiskiem w sercu
nazistowskich Niemiec – i Judith nie przeżyłaby, gdyby nie bohaterstwo
pojedynczych Niemców, którzy ryzykowali własne życie, aby ukryć jej
prawdziwą tożsamość.
For _______________________________ no easy matter – and Judith ____________________________
true identity.
6. Czuła się mniej więcej zadomowiona w Kopenhadze, kiedy spotkała Da-

niela, niedoszłego dramaturga, pół-Gruzina i pół-Duńczyka, który później
miał zostać jej partnerem na całe życie i sekretarzem.
She felt more or less ____________________________ lifelong partner ________________________
7. Obie panie, mieszkanki Perth w Szkocji, które przed opowiedzeniem swojej

historii przysięgały, że piły tylko herbatę, podobno widziały dziwny szybko
poruszający się obiekt na niebie, który niewątpliwie nie był samolotem.
Both ladies, ___________________ story __________ to _______________ apparently _____________
190
XXX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 15
8. Eksperci domagali się [=CALL FOR] znacznie ściślejszego nadzoru nad

sianiem, zbieraniem [=HARVEST] i magazynowaniem roślin narkotycz-
nych, które uprawia się dla potrzeb firm farmaceutycznych.
The experts ________________________________________________ supervision ______________________
____________________________________________ crops _____________________________________
9. Wbrew powszechnie podzielanym opiniom, badania pokazują, że kobiety

trochę po pięćdziesiątce często odczuwają zadowolenie z udanego wycho-
wania [=RAISE] dzieci do dorosłości.
________________________________________ studies show that ________________________________________
satisfaction at ________________________________________________ to adulthood.

10. Jestem Brytyjczykiem ożenionym z obywatelką Indii. Jeśli moja żona uro-
dzi w Indiach, czy dziecko będzie miało prawo do obywatelstwa brytyjskie-
go, czy zostanie zmuszone do posiadania obywatelstwa indyjskiego? Indie
nie pozwalają na podwójne obywatelstwo.
I am British ______________________________________ If my wife ____________________________________
______________________________________ India does not allow dual citizenship.
11./12. W XI wieku Anglią rządzili przez pewien czas królowie Danii i Norwegii.
Wpływy skandynawskie na język angielski były najsilniejsze na północy
i trwały przez pełne 600 lat, chociaż wydaje się, że angielski został dość
wcześnie przyjęty [=ADOPT] przez osadników.
_____________________________________ influence on ___________________________________________________
although English ___________________________________________________________________ early on.

13. Pilot Cessny nie zareagował, kiedy zbliżyły się [=APPROACH] do niego
samoloty wojskowe. Dopiero kiedy Cessna była o około minutę lotu od
Białego Domu, pilot zawrócił.
__________________________________________ failed _________________________________ by __________________
14. Broda i okulary Freda mogą mu nadawać wygląd poważny i uczony, ale
w rzeczywistości on jest ode mnie o sześć miesięcy młodszy, jako że ja mam
urodziny w maju a on w listopadzie.
______________________________________________________________________________________ and scholarly,
but ___________________________________________ junior ______________________________________________

15. W holu było dość głośno, ale tak czy owak, mój mówiony perski nie był na
tyle dobry, żebym zrozumiał, o czym te dziewczynki rozmawiały. Nie, żeby
mnie to interesowało.
_________________________________ in the lobby, and ______________________ Farsi _________
________________ for ___________________________________ Not _____________________________
191
VOCABULARY
1. The actor stood perfectly _ _ _ _ _ and only the blinking of his eyes
showed he was not a statue.
2. Her husband’s infidelity and the divorce that followed left her _ _ t _ _ _
and disillusioned.
3. The fishermen owe their _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the sea, so moving them
inland is not an option.
4. Before 1980, the Olympic Games were limited to amateurs, but in the
1980s most events were opened to professional _ _ h _ _ _ _ _.
5. The film’s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is based on a short story by a little known
Dutch author.
6. His offensive remark was not _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as he didn’t know you
were a Vietnam vet.
7. The monument will be _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ by Cardinal Quinn on the 16
October.
8. In the US about 20 people a year die from dog bites, but _ _ v _ _ that
there are 53 million dogs there, that’s not too bad.
9. He had _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ his office by a drunken appearance at a war
memorial ceremony.
10. During the Crystal Night, the shattering of shop windows and
_ _ _ t _ _ _ of stores and dwellings of Jews took place all over Germany.
11. The scandal broke out when the interviews turned out to be completely
_ _ g _ _ and made up by the reporter himself.
12. Sex-equality means most young fathers today are used to changing
_ _ a _ _ _ _ or bathing their babies.
13. It was extreme stupidity to dive _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ into the pond without
checking how deep the water was.
14. A face-to-face _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ with a grizzly bear can be scary.
15. An aircraft crash is always a tragedy as there are no _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ in
most cases.
16. It is a shame that most European media continue to ignore the _ _ i _ _ _
of the Chechen people.
192
17. She sat on the porch, her lips moving silently and her fingers on the
_ _ s _ _ _ beads.
18. The eruption of the Toba in Sumatra, which occurred _ _ u _ _ _ _

70,000 years ago, was a global disaster with immense consequences.
19. The agents who searched the office took no _ _ t _ _ _ of an envelope

stuffed between the books on the shelf.
20. Eurosceptics claim that closer ties within the Union would compromise
the national _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of member states.
21. Historians of journalism say that the death of Mother Teresa was under-
reported simply because it _ _ _ n _ _ _ _ _ with the funeral of Diana,
Princess of Wales.
22. Slapstick as a type of comedy was best _ _ _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ by films of

Laurel and Hardy.
23. This videogame is about saving an imaginary land from _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _

who wish to conquer it and turn its inhabitants into slaves.
24. Small _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the surface, such as cuts, scratches or

bubbles can be eliminated through polishing.
25. Poor eyesight _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ his hopes of becoming a pilot of

passenger planes.
26. The most important symptom of _ _ u _ _ _ _ _ is that the patient’s skin

and the whites of the eyes become yellow.
27. By law, a dog of an aggressive breed must not be taken out without a
_ _ z _ _ _.
28. As terror intensified, the dictator _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ all opposition parties and

had their property confiscated.
29. This was the peak of the baby boom and my dad’s pediatrician practice
was _ _ r _ _ _ _ _, which gave us a comfortable existence.
30. The _ _ _ h _ _ _ _ _ _ of troops from Iraq was high on his election

manifesto.
193
READING
Of course, as everyone knows or claims to know, there is no neutral, absolutely
transparent style. Sartre has shown, in his excellent review of The Stranger, how
the celebrated “white style” of Camus’ novel – impersonal, expository, lucid, flat
– is itself the vehicle of Meursault’s image of the world (as made up of absurd,
fortuitous moments) . What Roland Barthes calls “the zero degree of writing” is,
precisely by being anti-metaphorical and dehumanized, as selective and artificial
as any traditional style of writing. Nevertheless, the notion of a style-less, transpa-
rent art is one of the most tenacious fantasies of modem culture.
1. The use of elaborate decorative rhetoric...
A/ is seen by critics as incompatible with modern art
B/ is regarded as a more humane approach
C/ needn’t be a sign of inferior art
D/ does not correspond to the absurdity of existence
2. In Sartre’s view, if Camus had used a more ornate style,...
A/ it would have made the message of his novel less obvious
B/ it would have made the main character less credible
C/ he might not have fully caught the absurdity of existence
D/ he might have appeared inconsistent as a writer
=========================
The storyline of New Orleanians as victims and government responders as vil-
lains is just one more outrageous item in the media’s voluminous catalogue of
victimization. No reasonable calculus of accountability is ever brought to bear
in these tales. Whether it’s needle-using, promiscuous AIDS patients or cigaret-
te smokers or litigants in some self-propelled accident, the media will absolve
the person who contributed most directly to the problem of responsibility while
searching frantically for some nebulously malign force external to the person to
villainize. Yet by their own standards of indulgence – if they can rationalize the
decisionmaking of citizens who are told to evacuate but don’t, why aren’t they
similarly tolerant of inadequate planning by FEMA? – their ferocious appetite for
blame appears utterly capricious.
3. The human attribute that the author seems to value most is ....
A/ free will B/ the ability to plan
C/ moral judgment D/ emotional empathy
4. The author would like the media to ...
A/ show more sympathy towards the people described
B/ be more supportive of the government
C/ focus on facts rather than their causes
D/ show impartiality in the search for causes
194
=========================
People who believe in free markets and traditional values are often called “con-
servatives,” but this is one of the most misleading labels around. These ideals are
not the same as conserving the status quo, because the status quo includes all
sorts of economic interferences by government and all sorts of whacko ideas and
practices that are at the opposite pole from traditional values. It would take radical
changes in many of our theories and policies to restore the kinds of things belie-
ved in by people who are labeled “conservatives.” One of these radical changes
would be what I would call the abolition of adolescence.
It is only relatively recently, as history is measured, that teenagers have had
the luxury of being adolescent. Today we are appalled at the thought of teenage
mothers but, for most of history, most mothers were teenagers when they had
their first child. But they were not adolescents.
5. The author seems to be in favor of...
A/ making a sweeping social change
B/ allowing less freedom to the young
C/ allowing more freedom to the young
D/ not interfering in social development
6. Which of the statements finds support in the text?
A/ In the past young people used to be freer about sex.
B/ Premarital sex is nothing new.
C/ Civilizations can progress in the wrong direction.
D/ Tradition safeguards us against bad governance.
OOOOOOO
7. Stones crunched and spat beneath them as he drove in and out of three suc-
cessive hollows. Then ____________, baked so hard that no tyre-tracks showed from
his previous use of it; and the pines hid all trace of the hut’s existence.
A/ the cobblestoned pathway began
B/ the final driveway, worn out
C/ a short stretch of concrete slabs
D/ the dirt path was waiting for them
8. Reasonable people can disagree about suitable roles for women in the modern
military; unfortunately, the feminist ideologues make reasonable discussion
impossible. __________ Police and fire departments face similar pressures from
equal-outcome feminists. But the fact is, only the top 5 percent of women can
perform at the male median.
A/ They want full parity. B/ No way to circumvent them.
C/ And resistance is melting away. D/ With, it seems, dire consequences.
195
9. While it is true that all of us who were born with original sin (or ____________
man’s fundamental natural flaws) are capable of savagery in the right circum-
stances, by no means all of us immediately lose our veneer of civilization in
conditions of adversity, however great.
A/ as the classics would have it, B/ whatever you want to call
C/ failed to avoid the trap of D/ rather a multitude of
10. The eastern coyote is bigger than its western counterpart and looks like a cross
between a fox and a wolf. When hunting, it ____________, in a pack with an alpha
male leading the charge. In upstate New York, it has been documented that
coyotes have hunted down deer much like a wolf pack, although small game
like squirrel and raccoons are the staples of their diet
A/ resorts to foxlike cunning B/ acts more like the latter
C/ faces tough competition D/ can imitate both
11. There were lobster boats some early mornings, all different-colored—a green-
and-white striped one, a cadmium-yellow. They were ____________ a little way into
the ocean, and then the boats continued out and spent the day.
A/ roped to an orange scow that towed them
B/ scowed to an orange tow and unroped
C/ towed by an orange scow to be unroped
D/ roped behind an orange tow and scowed
12. Unlike with doctors, most of the people politicians talk to doubt their ability
to diagnose, __________. Sometimes they doubt their right even to ask the ques-
tion in the first place. Politicians are thought of as quacks, or at least as people
whose skills are irrelevant to current needs.
A/ and for good reason too B/ not inadvertently so
C/ be it as it might D/ let alone to cure
13. Instead of simply reaching back an arm and unlocking one door manually,
which he could have done, he ____________ to operate the central locking device,
thereby releasing not one but all four doors together. The girl opened the rear
door nearest to her and, remaining outside, shoved her rucksack and guitar
onto the back seat.
A/ managed, after hitting several keys,
B/ attempted, in a fit of clumsiness,
C/ chose, perhaps in order to impress,
D/ was able, with amazing dexterity,
196
READING & WRITING

The street he finally followed ran for about two hundred yards before open
spaces began to appear, and once that happened the built-up outskirts quickly
came to an end. First there was an untenanted stretch, then a waste-tip where men
were forking rubbish, then another shortish gap of empty scrub and the lock-up
beyond.
The ro_ _ ran absol_ _ _ _ _ level and in li_ _ with the ro_ _ face fr_ _ the
rim of wh_ _ _ they had loo_ _ _ down. Forrester slo_ _ _ and ope_ _ _ both
win_ _ _ _. He wis_ _ _ to God th_ _ _ was som_ _ _ _ else in the vici_ _ _ _.
He w_ _ almost th_ _ _ now. A sha_ _ _ _ ditch l_ _ between ro_ _ and
wa_ _, and t_ _ wall was sand_ _ _ _ _, massive, ab_ _ _ eighteen fe_ _ high.
Wi_ _ a sli_ _ _ shock he th_ _ saw a unif_ _ _ _ _ man sit_ _ _ _ on a
ch_ _ _ in a b_ _ of shade ca_ _ by the arch ov_ _ the main ga_ _ – he h_ _
not spo_ _ _ _ him from ab_ _ _. The man yaw_ _ _, eyeing h_ _ with
bor_ _ _ _. With an eff_ _ _ Forrester lif_ _ _ a ha_ _ in casual gree_ _ _ _,
which was acknow_ _ _ _ _ _. As he dr_ _ level, t_ _ road sp_ _ _ to turn
acr_ _ _ a culvert tow_ _ _ _ the ga_ _. Iron-frame do_ _ _, wood plan_ _ _ _,
criss-crossed bands o_ studded ir_ _ strip, each do_ _ about eigh_ _ _ _ feet
hi_ _ by ten wi_ _ – and alr_ _ _ _ he was almost pa_ _. Two hin_ _ _ on the
pil_ _ _ _? He couldn’t te_ _ and he couldn’t lo_ _ back.
Christ, what a w_ _ to ma_ _ a survey.
He he_ _ his ne_ _ crawl, gaz_ _ _ about h_ _ as befi_ _ _ _ a visitor’s
curi_ _ _ _ _. At the tur_ _ _ _ circle he sto_ _ _ _ and g_ _ out, sta_ _ _
blindly ov_ _ the vie_ _ _ _ balustrade wi_ _ affected casua_ _ _ _ _.
He co_ _ _ hear t_ _ snarl o_ the bulldozer ins_ _ _ the wa_ _.
After wh_ _ he ho_ _ _ seemed lo_ _ enough f_ _ the m_ _ on the ch_ _ _,
he we_ _ back to the c_ _ and sta_ _ _ _ on the ret_ _ _. And th_ _ he had
an imm_ _ _ _ str_ _ _ of luck. He was hal_ _ _ _ to the ga_ _ when
th_ _ began to be ope_ _ _ from the ins_ _ _; the m_ _ on du_ _ rose to his
fe_ _ and helped sw_ _ _ the door outw_ _ _ _. A da_ _ saloon w_ _ nosing
thr_ _ _ _. Forrester slo_ _ _, osten_ _ _ _ _ to let it pre_ _ _ _ him, but his
ey_ _ were else_ _ _ _ _. Three hinges, bol_ _ _ into recess beh_ _ _ the
197
sandstone pil_ _ _ _; he could s_ _ them perf_ _ _ _ _. Strap hin_ _ _, the

tapering straps reac_ _ _ _ perhaps two fe_ _ across the wo_ _. And the
do_ _ was, s_ _, five inches th_ _ _, eight to nine hundred pounds weight
– guesswork ag_ _ _, but good enough, of no great importance.
The saloon passed over the culvert and turned ahead of the Fiat with a gesture
of acknowledgment from its driver. The temptation was to accelerate in its wake,
but Forrester continued with the needle on the thirty-kilometre mark until he was
past the waste-tip and the and the road had become an urban street again.
Adapted from Another Way of Dying by Francis Clifford
198
TEST 16
XXXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego
ETAP CENTRALNY
199
1. To, że Jeremy Adams był plagiatorem, i to w dodatku kiepskim, wiadomo co

najmniej od opublikowania pamiętników jego byłej żony.
_____________________________________a plagiarist, _________________________________________________ that,
___________________________________ ex-wife diaries.
2. Marzenie chłopca o pójściu w ślady swojego starszego brata jako fubolisty zo-
stało przekreślone [=SHATTER] przez wypadek samochodowy, w którym zła-
mał obie nogi i który zmusił go do poddania się długotrwałemu leczeniu.
The boy’s _____________________________________________________________________________ footsteps as
a footballer ________________________________________________ undergo a lengthy treatment.
3. To smutne, że o ile politykom nie przeszkadza oglądanie ich z gwiazdami

popu, nie umiem wyobrazić sobie takiego, który mógłby sobie pozwolić
[=AFFORD] na sfotografowanie go przy modlitwie na różańcu.
while ____________________________________________ mind __________________
________________________________
with pop stars, _____________________________________________________________________________ rosary.
4. Czarterujemy teraz samolot transportowy, żeby dostarczyć [=DELIVER]

wszystkie paczki w tym tygodniu po to, by nasi chłopcy nie czuli się samotni
w święto Dziękczynienia.
___________________________________a cargo plane ___________________________________ all ________________
so _____________________________________________________________________________________ Thanksgiving.
5. Mówiło się o jakichś sygnałach ostrzegawczych przed napadem. Jakaś rodzina

opuściła wioskę w widocznym pośpiechu na kilka godzin przedtem.
There _______________________________________________________________________________ before the raid.
One family ________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Reputacja szkoły nadal opiera się [=REST] na dziesięcioleciach doskonałego

nauczania, którego standardy, zarówno w naukach ścisłych jak i językach ob-
cych, powszechnie opisuje się jako nie mające sobie równych.
The school’s reputation still _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________ second __________________________________________
200
XXXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 16
7. To, że mogliśmy zrobić tyle zdjęć krateru zawdzięczamy wietrzykowi, który

zwiewał opary siarki. To umożliwiło nam przebywanie [=STAY] tam i nawet
rozstawienie statywu.
The _________________________________________________________________________________________ due to the
____________________________________________________ sulphuric vapours. That ________________________
for _______________________________________ the tripod.
8. Autor porównuje II wojnę światową z wojną w Iraku. Zdaje się nie mieć ab-
solutnie żadnych wątpliwości co do każdej z nich: o ile pierwsza była rzadkim
przypadkiem słusznej wojny, ta druga, jego zdaniem, wysłała w świat błędny
komunikat [=MESSAGE]: że brutalna siła jest nad prawem.
The author compares ________________________________ He seems to _______________________
whatsoever about _______________________ while ____________________________________________________
a good _________________________ he says,_______________________ that brute force is ____________
9. To po prostu zdrowy rozsądek uważać, że starsze panie uprawiające aerobik

dla utrzymania sprawności zachowają ją dłużej niż takie, dla których czas wol-
ny oznacza grę w brydża czy szydełkowanie.
It’s just common sense ___________________________________ for the sake _______________ fit
will remain ______________________________________________ leisure means ___________________________
10. Jak na kobietę zaraz po trzydziestce, nie wygląda szczególnie atrakcyjnie. Przy-
najmniej nie na tym zdjęciu. Czy to może być problem z oświetleniem?
For _________ in ____________________. Not in ______________________ Couldn’t ________________________
11. Pełna relacja o męczeństwie św.Andrzeja Boboli, która opisuje z dużymi szcze-
gółami, jak był torturowany przez kozaków, może nie być odpowiednią lekturą
dla dzieci.
_____________________account of the martyrdom __________________________________________________
in ______________________________________________________________________ appropriate ____________________
12. Chociaż piosenkarka udaje, że wybrała tę niebiesko-żółtą koszulkę dla jej fa-
sonu, naprawdę zapłacono jej żeby ją nosiła podczas tournée. Słyszałem, jak
mówił to działacz klubu.
to ___________________________ for its design, the __________________________
___________________________
the tour. ____________________________________________________ official ________________________________
201
13. Jako że niektóre osoby z naszego personelu miały mało okazji do rozmawiania
z Chińczykami, zdecydowaliśmy, żeby zaprosić tu na szkolenie grupę studen-
tów z Kantonu. Teraz słyszę, że może ich przyjechać aż piętnaścioro.
few _____________________________________ opportunity _______________________________
__________________
Now I hear there ________________________________________________
14. Naszą gospodynią w Nikozji była Emilia Stavros, która sama się określa
[=DEFINE] jako pół Cypryjka, pół Chorwatka, ponieważ jej matka urodziła
się w Dubrowniku, gdzie jej 84-letni dziadek nadal prowadzi restaurację.
Our _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
because her mother _________________________
202
VOCABULARY
1. He was extremely lucky as he escaped from the crash practically
_ _ h _ _ _ _ _ with just a few bruises.
2. Most fish are covered with _ _ _ _ _ _ that protect their skin.
3. As a card-carrying _ _ _ _ _ _ he has the right to vote in the internal

referendum.
4. The police suspect that the meter had been _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ with so as to

hide the true mileage of the van.
5. The morning rain was a welcome _ _ l _ _ _ after six weeks of hot dry
weather.
6. The experience has taught me how to _ _ d _ _ _ ridicule and contempt

from peers.
7. At _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ we would sit on the verandah without turning the lamps

on, staring at the fading glow of sunset.
8. The five _ r _ _ _ _ marks on the TV screen are Jimmy’s fingers. He tried

to pat the dog.
9. As a comedian, she’s very good at _ _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ other people’s voices.
10. His skill as a writer consisted in _ _ _ g _ _ _ fact with fiction to create

stories of incomparable suspense.
11. Abandoning his wife and kids without support was a _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _

act, which disgraced Brett in the eyes of his friends.
12. This is no metaphor – the house was _ _ t _ _ _ _ _ _ buried in snow

– only its rooftop with the chimney stuck out.
13. The man was _ _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ in pain as he kept moaning and groaning

at every attempt to lift him.
14. He had one of those _ _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ headaches that keep him in bed for
the entire day.
15. Access to the castle was through a _ _ a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ over a deep canal

which was raised for the night.
203
16. The _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is a plant-eating insect with powerful hind legs

adapted for jumping.
17. It’s impossible to find anything in Grandad’s huge library because the
books are piled on the shelves in a completely _ _ _ h _ _ _ _ _ way.
18. After serious critics _ _ _ w _ _ _ _ the movie with praise, the Oscar
nominations were not unexpected.
19. Both granite blocks should be extracted from the same _ u _ _ _ _ as this
will cut the cost of transport.
20. Not mentioning Maria’s name was _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the Chairman’s

part. It was his way of punishing her disloyalty.
21. As far as I can tell, there is little or no _ _ b _ _ _ _ _ _ to the charge. I saw

no evidence supporting it.
22. The ruin is a sad _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ of how monstruous the last war was.
23. All historians agree that Shakespeare, Jonson, Spenser and other
_ l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ authors knew Chaucer.
24. The dinosaurs that were _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ were usually much bigger

than those that were meat-eaters.
25. If a written _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ fails to improve an employee’s misconduct,

the next step could be sacking.
26. The princess is known as a fan of fashion and her _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ includes

over fifty haute-couture dresses from famous designers.
27. The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ climate zone lies between the arctic and tropic
zones.
28. Vacuum packaging is used to prevent the decay of such _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _

foods as meat, milk or fruit.
29. I gave her a smile, which was not _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ – her face

remained grim.
30. He was a very _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ author – apart from nearly 50 novels he

wrote dramas, essays and poetry.
204
READING
Because Communists preached class warfare, the authorities watched out only for
card-carrying Party members; they were ill advised enough to believe that the chief
threat to security came from the working classes and their extremist champions.
The security authorities and the police woke up too late. Brilliant old-guard
revolutionaries like Maxim Litvinov, who knew from experience the tight webb
of loyalties, friendships, family and club relationships binding togehter the spraw-
ling but complex fabric of Britain’s ruling class, were responsible for the master
plan. They somehow overcame the hard-line opposition of orthodox Bolsheviks
who maintained that no good would ever come of relying on the effete offspring
of bourgeois decadents: to penetrate an Establishment from within through such
agents was to invite failure; nevertheless the ruse was attempted. Who can now
deny that it did not justify itself?
1. The British failure came because of ....

A/ not taking Communist ideology seriously enough
B/ overestimating the radicalism of the working masses
C/ lack of determination within the ruling class
D/ taking the Communist doctrine too seriously
2. In this case the Soviets ....
A/ favoured tactics over ideology
B/ remained faithful to the Marxist doctrine
C/ relied on well-tested intelligence methods
D/ showed more consistency than the British
3. The hard-liners may be said to have had little trust in ...

A/ the spirit of the British working class
B/ the dedication of old-style revolutionaries
C/ the attraction of Communism for Western elites
D/ revolutionary internationalism
================
As any schoolboy could tell you, winning fights enhances your status. If, in
prehistory, this translated into increased reproductive success, it might have been
enough to maintain a certain proportion of left-handers in the population, by ba-
lancing the costs of being left-handed with the advantages gained in fighting. If
that is true, then there will be a higher proportion of left-handers in societies with
higher levels of violence, since the advantages of being left-handed will be enhan-
ced in such societies. Dr Faurie and Dr Raymond set out to test this hypothesis.
205
Fighting in modern societies often involves the use of technology, notably fire-
arms, that is unlikely to give any advantage to left-handers. So Dr Faurie and Dr
Raymond decided to confine their investigation to the proportion of left-handers
and the level of violence (by number of homicides) in traditional societies. By
trawling the literature, checking with police departments, and even going out into
the field and asking people, the two researchers found that the proportion of left-
handers in a traditional society is, indeed, correlated with its homicide rate.
4. The French researchers want to explain left-handedness within the frame-

work of ...
A/ sociology B/ genetics
C/ criminology D/ history of manners
5. Which of these problems might interest the French researchers?

A/ The incidence of stabbings among the indigenous people
of Siberia.
B/ Violence involving the use of blowpipes among rainforest
Indians.
C/ Proportion of left-handers in the American Boxing
Federation Hall of Fame.
D/ The effectiveness of martial art techniques
in Pre-Colonial Africa.
6. Which of these statements is consistent with the text?
A/ A higher level of left-handedness makes a society more violent.
B/ As a separate group left-handers tend to be more violent.
C/ Left-handers can be said to be more successfully violent.
D/ The increase of violence may lead to a higher
proportion of left-handedness.
OOOOOOO
7. No matter how efficient a plant might be, it would be hugely wasteful if raw
materials did not arrive on time or if the output couldn’t be quickly distrib-
uted and sold. Managers were essential; _________ . Coordination and organization
mattered. Companies that surmounted these problems succeeded.
A/ just as controlling statistics was vital
B/ although statistics was paramount
C/ with their tight control over data
D/ so were statistical controls
206
8. He talked about these topics in a manner that managed to be tight-lipped and

loquacious at the same time. He was short and stocky, with a bristly mustache
and narrow eyes, and he often wore a billed cap of a wild, vivid paisley pat-
tern _________ of the thoughts inside.
A/ in marked contrast to a raging array
B/ that suggested the scrambled contortions
C/ whose inscrutability stemmed from the mess
D/ bearing no comparison to the racing
9. She looked at the London she had forgotten and found everywhere support
for her identity as the radical _________ . Society as she knew it was a dead plant;
her job was to clear it away and use the soil for something better. The hopeless
faces of the shoppers shuffling like manacled slaves through the neon-lit su-
permarket told her so; so did the the despairing old, and the venomous-eyed
policemen.
A/ commiting countless crimes
B/ she wouldn’t completely uproot
C/ thinker rooted deep within her soul
D/ committed to the violent path
10. By the light of her torch, Helga guided her across a marble-floored hall of
which half the stones had already been removed; then cautiously up _________ .
The house was dying but someone had been hastening its death. The weeping
walls had been smeared with slogans in red paint; door handles and light fit-
tings had been plundered.
A/ the narrow banistered stairs
B/ red carpeted stairs with brass rods
C/ a sagging staircase with no banister
D/ a twisting mahogany banister
11. He could have chosen several places, but he rapidly discarded all but one.
There was _________ the nearest outbuilding. Inside, stacked on the earth floor,
were packing-cases, rolls of wire netting, bundles of wooden stakes. Dust
powdered everything in the gloom.
A/ a lime-caked spade propped against
B/ some lime propped on a spade beside
C/ a propped cake of lime in front of
D/ a spade propped on a cake of lime at
207
12. In the instant that he did it the lift jerked to a standstill. One moment it was
rising normally, the next there was a jarring thud and Leach staggered: in the
sudden silence he could hear _________ above and below. He shot a glance at the
floor-indicator panel, but none of the lights was showing.
A/ the whizzing of the alarm
B/ the cables vibrating in the shaft
C/ the footsteps of maintenance crew
D/ people stuck in the darkness
13. Even worse was the correspondent’s lack of awareness of how societies co-
here, and how social existence _________. After all, the law does not prohibit
rudeness, boorishness, and an infinity of unpleasant habits. But it is clear
that if, for example, the prevalence of boorishness increases, life in society
becomes more filled with friction and danger.
A/ can be enjoyed, let alone endured
B/ can depend on wise legislating
C/ becomes tolerable, let alone pleasant
D/ goes on, detached from legislation
208
READING & WRITING

A bell jangled me into wakefulness. I rolled on the edge of my bed and
reached for the telephone. The neat voice of the Old Man – the Continental
Detective Agency’s San Francisco manager – came to my ears.
‘So_ _ _ to dis_ _ _ _ you, but y_ _ will ha_ _ to go up to t_ _ Glenton
Apart_ _ _ _ _ on Leavenworth Street. A man na_ _ _ Burke Pangburn, who
li_ _ _ th_ _ _, phoned me a f_ _ min_ _ _ _ ago ask_ _ _ to ha_ _ someone
se_ _ up to s_ _ him a_ on_ _. He see_ _ _ rather exc_ _ _ _ . Will you ta_ _
ca_ _ of it? S_ _ what he wa_ _ _.’ I sa_ _ I wo_ _ _ and, yaw_ _ _ _, stretching
and cur_ _ _ _ Pangburn – who_ _ _ _ he was – got my f_ _ bo_ _ out of
paj_ _ _ _ and into str_ _ _ clothes.
The man who h_ _ dist _ _ _ _ _ my Sunday morning sl_ _ _ – I fo_ _ _ when

I rea_ _ _ _ the Glenton – w_ _ a sl_ _, white-faced per_ _ _ of ab_ _ _ twenty-
five, wi_ _ big br_ _ _ eyes th_ _ were red-rimmed ju_ _ n_ _ from eit_ _ _
sleepl_ _ _ _ _ _ _ or cry_ _ _, or bo_ _. His lo_ _ brown ha_ _ was rum_ _ _ _
when he ope_ _ _ the do_ _ to ad_ _ _ me; and he wo_ _ a mauve dressing-
robe spo_ _ _ _ with b_ _ jade par_ _ _ _ over wine-coloured si_ _
paj_ _ _ _.
The ro_ _ into wh_ _ _ he l_ _ me rese_ _ _ _ _ an auctioneer’s

establ_ _ _ _ _ _ _ just bef_ _ _ the sa_ _ – or ma_ _ _ one of these al_ _ _
tea ro_ _ _. Fat bl_ _ vases, cro_ _ _ _ red va_ _ _, lanky yel_ _ _ vases,
va_ _ _ of var_ _ _ _ sha_ _ _ and colors; mar_ _ _ statuettes, eb_ _ _
statuettes, statuettes o_ a_ _ mate_ _ _ _; lant_ _ _ _, la_ _ _ and candle-
sticks; drap_ _ _ _ _, hangings and ru_ _ of a_ _ so_ _ _; od_ _ and en_ _
of furn_ _ _ _ _ that we_ _ all som_ _ _ _ queerly desi_ _ _ _; pecu_ _ _ _
pictures hu_ _ he_ _ and th_ _ _ in unexp_ _ _ _ _ places. A ha_ _ room to
fe_ _ comfo_ _ _ _ _ _ i_.
‘My fia_ _ _ _,’ he be_ _ _ immed_ _ _ _ _ _ in a high-pitched vo_ _ _ that was

wit_ _ _ a no_ _ _ of hyst_ _ _ _, ‘has disap_ _ _ _ _ _! Some_ _ _ _ _ has
happ_ _ _ _ to her! Fo_ _ play o_ so_ _ horrible so_ _! I wa_ _ you to fi_ _
her – to sa_ _ her fr_ _ this terrible th_ _ _ that...’
209
I foll_ _ _ _ him th_ _ f_ _ and th_ _ gave it up. A jum_ _ _ of wo_ _ _

came o_ _ of his mo_ _ _ –’spirited away ... mysterious something .... lured
into a trap’ – but they were too disconnected for me to make anything out of
them. So I stopped trying to understand him, and waited for him to babble
himself empty of words.
I have heard ordinarily reasonable men, under stress of excitement, run on

even more crazily than this wild-eyed youth; but his dress – the parroted robe
and gay pajamas – and his surroundings – this deliriously furnished room
– gave him too theatrical a setting; made his words sound utterly unreal.
Adapted from The Continental Op by Dashiell Hammett
210
KLUCZ ODPOWIEDZI
Z KOMENTARZEM
ETAP SZKOLNY
211
W testach słownictwa [A-D] wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna.

Nie przyznaje się połówek punktów. W testach gramatycznych [E-H] o uzyskaniu
punktu decyduje rozwiązanie konkretnego problemu (lub problemów), nie przy-
znaje się połówek punktów za odpowiedź częściowo poprawną. W przypadku kil-
ku luk [test G] należy zwrócić uwagę na ich wzajemne dopasowanie.
Test 1
TEST A:
a/ COUNT on Fred... his own SHADOW b/ COMMON SENSE
c/ that we didn’t hear the referee’s WHISTLE d/ RUST on the SURFACE
e/ SURROUND the town f/ anything ....BOREDOM
g/ WEIGHT LIFTING ...... MUSCLES h/ of prison .... in POVERTY
TEST B:
a/ separated b/ otherwise c/ targets d/ shifted e/ diary
f/ whispered g/ threatened h/ prescribing
TEST C:
a/ pilgrims b/ available c/ melt d/ permanent e/ heels
f/ minorities g/ underestimate h/ oars
TEST D:
a/ WOULD-BE
Większość tej korespondencji to od niedoszłych gwiazd.
b/ VITAL; CRIPPLE
Żadna istotna służba nie została sparaliżowana
c/ PEDIGREE
Jak na tak imponujący rodowód, są tanie.
d/ APPALLING; REGARDLESS
Wyniki były fatalne bez względu na rasę.
e/ TRIGGER; ARSON
To wywołało kolejne podpalenie.
f/ QUESTIONED; PEER
Ankietowani nie oparli się presji rówieśniczej.
TEST E:
a/ CONJUNCTION + Complex Object – ALTHOUGH some girls ....... EXPECT all
the PUPILS TO START wearing;
b/ MODALS – MIGHT NOT LIKE (NIE: could/ can not like) the new...... WOULD
expect;
212
KLUCZ ODPOWIEDZI Z KOMENTARZEM - ETAP SZKOLNY TEST nr 1
c/ THERE BE + PLURAL – that THERE SHOULDN’T BE more than 50 SHEEP;

d/ VERB PATTERN + DETERMINER – GOT INTERESTED in the painting when he
heard of ITS
e/ PASSIVE INFINITIVE – TO BE ACCUSED of racism;
f/ IMPERATIVE + VERB PATERN – LET’S NOT /DON’T LET’S/ ALLOW our em-
ployees TO TELL;
g/ DETERMINERS/ PRONOUNS + Irregular Verb – SHOT one criminal and arrested
ANOTHER (ONE) . Two or three OTHERS managed to
h/ IMPERATIVE + REFLEXIVE + GERUND – DON’T TRY to ... YOURSELVES ....
don’t want to RISK LOSING.
TEST F:
a/ MODAL + PERF INF – WOULD HAVE /STAYED / HAD TO STAY/ in hospital;
b/ POSSESSIVE – Oranti, THEIRS;
c/ REAL CONDITIONAL + MODAL + PERF INF – WASN’T ....., NEEDN’T HAVE
MADE;
d/ TIME CLAUSE + FUTURE PERFECT – HAS VACCINATED/ VACCINATES/
STARTS VACCINATING ..... WILL HAVE BEEN VACCINATED;
e/ PAST FORM – RAISED (NIE: rose);
f/ OBJECT CLAUSE – WHEN the Turks first RAISED his salary OR HOW BIG THE
RAISE WAS;
g/ TIME CLAUSE – IS SPENT/ the council SPENDS on new cycle .....; the cyclists
WON’T BE/ WILL NEVER BE;
h/ COMPARISON – is THE WORST month OF the.
TEST G:
a/ graduating | to be asked | attended | did |
(NIE: were attending/ were doing) | doesn’t /won’t/ matter;
b/ having spoken | was | had been wearing;
c/ didn’t want | had leaked/ been leaking | wanted was;
d/ have been | show | be changing/ have changed/ been changing | /had/ been/
predicted/ing/;
e/ had/ fled;
f/ had been | to / be taking / have taken | was / had been/ taught | were thrown;
g/ hadn’t spent | Would the firemen have been | wouldn’t we regret / be regret-
ting | having been/ being / that we were;
h/ described | will be made | will be.
TEST H: a/ [C] b/ [D] c/ [C] d/ [B] e/ [D] f/ [A]
213
U WA G I A U T O R A T E S T U
TEST A:
c/ Słowo referee albo ref nie podlega ocenie – testowane jest whistle. W niektó-
rych grach – tennis, baseball czy cricket sędziuje umpire.
f/ W testach olimpijskich często testowana jest praktyczna znajomość słowotwór-
stwa, czyli umiejętność dodawania odpowiednich końcówek do tworzenia, np.
rzeczowników – tutaj boredom. A jakie znasz inne słowo z przyrostkiem –dom?
TEST B:
Liczba liter oraz podanie jednej z nich zmuszają do wyszukania w pamięci właś-
nie tego konkretnego słowa. Zatem im więcej znamy synonimów, tym lepiej.
d/ Wiele słów by tu pasowało: moved, passed – ale podana litera wymusza: shifted.
TEST C:
W tym teście najpierw trzeba zrozumieć znaczenie sugerowane przez wyróżnie-
nie, a potem wyszukać w pamięci odpowiednie słowo.
g/ Najlepszym słowem jest underestimate, ale można uznać także underrate oraz
belittle. W tej technice testowej częstsze jest akceptowanie synonimów niż
w teście B.
TEST D:
a/ would-be to „niedoszły” albo „rzekomy”. Potoczny synonim to wannabe (od
want to be);
e/ Słowo trigger oznacza spust broni lub mechanizm uruchamiający coś; trigger-
happy to żołnierz czy policjant zbyt pochopnie sięgający po broń. Czasownik
to trigger oznacza wywołanie jakiejś reakcji czy uruchomienie procesu.
f/ Słowo peer jest spokrewnione z polskim „parytet” przez wspólnego przodka
– łacińskie par = równy, np. Primus inter pares. Przez stulecia peer oznaczało
arystokratę, por. izba parów. A od kilkudziesięciu lat oznacza także rówieś-
nika albo kogoś z tej samej grupy zawodowej. To nie oznacza, oczywiście, że
wszyscy staliśmy się arystokratami!
TESTY E-H:
sprawdzają znajomość praktycznej gramatyki w zakresie wymaganym od wy-
kształconego rodzimego użytkownika. Jest to zatem wyższy poziom poprawności
niż to, z czym spotykamy się na forach czy blogach internetowych.
214
TEST E:
e/ W porządnej angielszczyźnie po afford NIE używamy formy –ing. I can’t af-
ford to buy a Volvo. Może być sam rzeczownik: I can’t afford a Volvo. Widząc
afford z –ing odwracamy oczy z niesmakiem.
TEST F:
c/ Pamiętamy o tym, że w warunkach rzeczywistych nie ma tzw. przesuwki
czasowej – dlatego: was stolen, a nie: had been stolen. Zatem kiedy pojawia się
warunek, najpierw ustalamy czy jest on rzeczywisty, czy nierzeczywisty.
f/ Dwa zdania dopełnieniowe wymagają większej czujności od piszącego:
w OBU występuje szyk mowy zależnej.
g/ Po wyrażeniu no matter nie używamy will – no matter how you do it
TEST G:
b/ Czemu nie: speaking to the victim? Bo nie jest rolą śledczego opisywanie prze-
stępcy.
d/ Okolicznik: for some time now jest tutaj kluczowy – mówimy o teraźniejszości.
h/ W tym przypadku when wprowadza zdanie dopełnieniowe, a nie czasowe
– dlatego will be made.
TEST H:
d/ Czemu nie next? Bo musiałoby być wtedy the next.
215
Test 2
TEST A:
a/ all VEHICLES including
b/ tree PLANTING is autumn
c/ ASIDE d/ MULTIPLY two NEGATIVE NUMBERS, ...POSITIVE
e/ SHORTAGE of skilled ..REPLACEMENT
f/ TAXPAYERS won’t like
g/ KNIVES often have BONE HANDLES
h/ ROTTING... BEARABLE
TEST B:
a/ argument b/ injuries c/ punch d/ covered e/ harvest
f/ overcome g/ likely h/ Britons
TEST C:
a/ overnight b/ intelligence c/ previous d/ delayed
e/ weighed f/ peak g/ greenhouses h/ victims
TEST D:
a/ RABIES
Wścieklizna stała się niezwykle rzadka.
b/ BIASED
Jeśli to takie stronnicze, jest bez wartości.
c/ HEDGEHOG
Czy to mógł być jeż?
d/ CONCRETE, DAM, DECIMATE
Kolejna betonowa tama zdziesiątkowałaby łososie.
e/ SANITY
Nikt nie kwestionował jego poczytalności [Nie uznajemy „zdrowego rozsądku]
f/ DISPOSABLE
Czy te kubki są jednorazowe (do wyrzucenia)?
TEST E:
a/ CONJUNCTION + TIME CLAUSE – seal WON’T attack you [unless] you COME/
GET, etc. too ...
b/ PRESENT PERF + SIMPLE PAST – HAS not BEEN SEEN since he SET OUT/
WENT, etc for a cycling tour of...
216
c/ GERUND – HAVING BEEN /BEING/ TOLD to do sth / anything/ illegal

d/ PRONOUNS & SAXON GEN. – criticizing EACH OTHER’S / ONE ANOTHER’S /
ways of
e/ NON-IDENTIFYING RELATIVE – [most] OF WHOM ARE computer.....
f/ TIME CLAUSE – before .....START/ BEGIN/ USING / TO USE/ lub inne sformuło-
wanie o tym znaczeniu
g/ PREPOSITION – [ILL] WITH
h/ MODAL + PERF INFINITIVE – MIGHT/ COULD/ WOULD HAVE FELT; WOULD
HAVE BEEN
TEST F:
a/ UNREAL CONDITION + PRONOUN – HADN’T PLANNED the route OURSEL-
VES, we MIGHT/COULD at least /have/ PUT
b/ RELATIVE – ANYTHING/ EVERYTHING/ ALL/ THAT we heard .... Nie uznajemy
WHAT ani WHICH
c/ OBJECT PHRASE + PRONOUN – Prof. Fox WANTED US NOT TO PUBLISH were
THOSE / THE ONES concerning
d/ COMPARISON + DETERMINER – be WORSE THAN having/ being told / to...
LONGER THAN OTHER
e/ BE TO – that WERE TO BE CLOSED
f/ SAXON GENITIVE – of THE PARENTS’
g/ VERB PATTERN – THERE’S NO point DRIVING
h/ IMPERATIVE + POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS – LET’S DECIDE whether we take
YOURS or OURS
TEST G:
a/ being/ to be/ operated | had been | waiting / to wait/ | to come | was bleeding
b/ has /grown/ been growing/ is growing | /have/ predicted |are going to open/
will open/ are opening/ | place
c/ were/ was | wouldn’t have made | having been / being/ offered |
d/ was just being
e/ were being recorded | unscrewed | tried | to remove | to be lifted
f/ is said | to be | say/ have said / are saying | having gone
g/ isn’t published | don’t count | will have read |
h/ forbade | froze
TEST H: a/ [A] b/ [C] c/ [B] d/ [C] e/ [D] f/ [D]
217
TEST A:
b/ Na poziomie olimpiady wymaga się słowa najbardziej właściwego, a nie
takiego, które od biedy pasuje do kontekstu. W tym przypadku mówimy: tree
planting, a nie: growing.
TEST B:
f/ Słowo overcome na ogół występuje w formie czynnej. Tutaj jest w formie bier-
nej, którą można tłumaczyć jako „ulec”, „poddać się”.
TEST C:
a/ Okolicznik overnight nie istnieje w języku polskim; tłumaczymy go różnie:
„z dnia na dzień, przez noc, nagle, bezzwłocznie”, itp.
TEST D:
d/ Słowo salmon wymawia się bez „l” / /. W liczbie mnogiej brak „s”,
np.: Salmon were once abundant in Lake Ontario.
TEST E:
c/ Po czasowniku recall używamy formy z –ing.
e/ Po most of musimy użyć najbardziej formalnego zaimka, czyli whom, a nie who.
TEST F:
b/ To jest dopełnienie złożone, czyli dopełnienie, które jest zalążkiem zdania
(ponieważ ma orzeczenie) . Po polsku taka konstrukcja tworzy zdanie złożo-
ne, po angielsku nie, porównaj:
Profesor Fox chce, żebyśmy nie publikowali tych danych.
Professor Fox wants us not to publish the data.
TEST G:
b/ Całe zdanie dotyczy teraźniejszości i przyszłości. We couldn’t possibly tell you
= raczej nie moglibyśmy teraz powiedzieć...
d/ Tina was just being polite – oznacza tutaj celowe działanie, a nie naturalną
cechę Tiny. I was being critical – może oznaczać intencję szukania przysło-
wiowej dziury w całym.
f/ he is said to be = mówi się, że jest; czasowniki say, think, consider, regard
w stronie biernej oznaczają opinię ogółu; w języku polskim jest to forma
bezosobowa; to samo w Test H pkt b/.
218
h/ Po (high) time używamy form warunkowych nierzeczywistych (a po polsku

– przeszłych)
It’s time you understood. Czas, żebyście zrozumieli.
Można też użyć dopełnienia z bezokolicznikiem: It’s time for the kids to go
back to school.
TEST H:
f/ pamiętajmy, że przed nazwami grup wysp używamy the, którego nie ma
przed pojedynczymi wyspami:
the Shetlands the Canaries Sicily Great Britain
Ale jeśli dodajemy określenie islands wtedy nazwa własna jest bez s:
the Shetland Islands the Falkland Islands
219
Test 3
TEST A:
a/ EUROPEAN MAMMALS b/ LACK, HOUSING
c/ INEVITABLY, ACCOUNT d/ a LEATHER CUSHION (not: pillow)
e/ the CREW, ASHORE f/ INCREDIBLY, BRAIN DAMAGE
g/ hard SHELLS h/ NAKED on STAGE
TEST B:
a/ Antarctic b/ marine c/ recovery d/ leaking e/ turn
f/ freeze g/ wholesale h/ legal
TEST C:
a/ prevented b/ chemicals c/ widely d/ equipped e/ unusual
f/ complaints g/ encouraged h/ reference
TEST D:
a/ WADING
Ostre kamienie spowodowały, że brodzenie było nieprzyjemne.
b/ FINE
Miała szczęście, że zdołała wykręcić się najniższą grzywną.
c/ REKINDLING, ARGUMENT
Udawałem, że nie słyszę z obawy by nie rozpalić na nowo sprzeczki.
d/ LATE, SHARE
O ile wiem, nieboszczyk/ św. pamięci/ nieżyjący/ prezes podzielał ten pogląd.
e/ DEFIANT
Ciekawe, czemu jest taki buntowniczy.
f/ EVENTUALLY, BURST PIPE
Ostatecznie okazało się, że przyczyną była pęknięta rura.
TEST E:
a/ NON-IDENTIFYING RELATIVE – Dinah’s BROTHERS, NONE OF WHOM can …..
is a real pro.
b/ UNREAL CONDITION – HADN’T BEEN IMPORTED……… WOULD BE much
higher
c/ VERB PATTERN – … (had) my brother-in-law SEE/CHECK, etc. the document,
I WOULD HAVE…
d/ OBJECT CLAUSE – WHY/ WHAT/ HE WAS BUYING so much red paint /FOR/
220
e/ UNREAL WISH & TIME CLAUSE – WOULDN’T ASK Ann about her ex- ….. CO-
MES tonight
f/ PREPOSITION & WORD FORMATION – (heading) FOR (a) DISASTER
g/ GENITIVE & POSSESSIVE – BROWNS’ ….. OURS was
h/ SEQUENCE OF TENSES – that if my sister DIDN’T / HADN’T/ COME by THE
NEXT DAY, he WOULD think she no longer WANTED the job. Albo coś podobnego.
TEST F:
a/ RELATIVE – is getting married to that footballer form Honduras, WHICH all her
friends consider to be a big mistake. obowiązkowy przecinek
b/ OBJECT PHRASE + SUPERLATIVE – WANTED even THE LEAST …… TO
SPEAK English …….. This was unrealistic.
c/ DETERMINER + PRONOUN – ADAM’S FUNNIEST POEM is THE ONE about
d/ MODAL + /PERFECT/ INFINITIVE – We spoke …. COULDN’T USE/SPEAK/ En-
glish because Mr Bock WOULDN’T HAVE UNDERSTOOD a word.
e/ IMPERATIVE + PRONOUN – LET’S NOT / DON’T LET’S/ TREAT Max like [0]
OTHER students
f/ PASSIVE-He HAS NEVEER BEEN TAUGHT
g/ TIME CLAUSE – AS LONG AS ANN DOESN’T MOVE out, YOU’LL HAVE TO stay
h/ OBJECT CLAUSE – were late ….. forgot WHAT TIME the first BUS WAS on Satur-
day.
TEST G:
a/ be | was laid | has been
b/ left | didn’t hear | was changed | will not/ may not/ might not come
c/ are evaluated
d/ may / might/ could/ must / should not / be seen | have been
e/ fear | will contaminate
f/ buried | threatening | making – możliwe też | threaten | make
g/ may/might / must / could / have suspected | was | told | had had | took I
h/ having known | expected | did | was /must have been | burst
TEST H: a/ [B] b/ [D] c/ [D] d/ [B] e/ [A] f/ [C]
221
TEST A:
d/ Poduszka pod głowę to pillow; pod inne części ciała to cushion
(wym. / /). Jako czasownik cushion oznacza łagodzić, amortyzować,
natomiast polska poduszka powietrzna to po angielsku airbag.
TEST B:
a/ Obowiązuje nas znajomość angielskich nazw geograficznych – nazwa the
Antarctic obejmuje cały obszar, którego częścią jest kontynent Antarctica
(bez rodzajnika the)
TEST D:
a/ Czasownik wade znalazł się w polskim w postaci słowa „wadery” – buty
wędkarskie połączone ze spodniami; ponieważ słowo to z niczym się nie
kojarzyło, przekształcono je na „wodery” – obecnie słownik dopuszcza obie
te formy. Dobry przykład na to, że język należy do wszystkich i nie da się nim
administrować.
TEST E:
c/ Czasownik sprawczy HAVE może tu dotyczyć albo umowy, albo szwagra:
If I hadn’t had the contract checked by my brother-in-law, I would....
If I hadn’t had my brother-in-law check the contract, I would....
d/ Albo: what he was buying so much sugar for, albo: why he was buying so much
sugar, bez for.
TEST F:
a/ She was marrying that footballer, which all her friends considered..; which musi
być poprzedzone przecinkiem, bo nawiązuje do całości poprzedniego zdania.
Błędne użycie what to typowy polonizm.
g/ Albo: as long as Ann doesn’t move out, albo: until Ann moves out. Różnica
polega na tym, że as long as wskazuje na cały okres (kiedy coś jeszcze się nie
zdarzyło) zaś until na chwilę, gdy to „coś” właśnie się zdarza – stąd różnica
w użyciu przeczenia
222
TEST G:
b/ Pierwsze zdanie sugeruje, że chodzi o teraźniejszość i przez swą kategorycz-
ność wskazuje, że chodzi o warunek rzeczywisty: If she left = Jeśłi/ Skoro
wyszła...
W warunkach rzeczywistych czas się nie zmienia (poza zniknięciem will)
c/ Po no matter lepiej używać czasu teraźniejszego: No matter how it ends...
TEST H:
b/ Dwie pierwsze odpowiedzi są błędne, bo to określenie wymaga liczby poje-
dynczej, np: a ten-mile race.
f/ W zdaniu okolicznikowym czasu – Present Simple (returns), a w zdaniu
głównym Future Perfect (will have spent) . W polskim tłumaczeniu trzeba
często odejść od dosłowności, ponieważ nie mamy odpowiednika; np: „wtedy
będzie miał za sobą 60 dni na orbicie”
223
Test 4
TEST A:
a/ KIDNEY functioned normally
b/ the PLOT is; for a CRIME movie
c/ Their meetings, DESERTED, ASSURE
d/ the UNQUESTION/ED /ABLE/ RIGHT, divorce
e/ the IMMEDIATE CAUSE of the BREAKDOWN f/ COLLOQUIAL style
g/ DANGEROUSLY close to the EDGE h/ a feeling of DRYNESS
TEST B:
a/ overdraft b/ horizontal c/ remains d/ physicist
e/ solar f/ ransom g/ inmates h/ ivory
TEST C:
a/ former b/ praised c/ distinguished d/ warning
e/ variety f/ youngsters g/ overcrowding h/ acid
TEST D:
a/ SWAP
Zamieńmy się.
b/ FETCH
Kielich/ filiżanka/ prawdopodobnie przyniosłaby więcej pieniędzy /lepszą
cenę/ w Szkocji.
c/ BEWILDERED, UNHARMED
Była wygłupiona (oszołomiona) ale bez szwanku.
d/ LOOTING
W ten sposób zapobieżono grabieży /plądrowaniu/.
e/ POSITIVELY, AGONIZING
Napięcie było wręcz /naprawdę, itp/ nie do zniesienia /bolesne, itp./
f/ CONTRARY, LAY
Wbrew opiniom laików to się pali/ jest to palne/.
TEST E:
a/ GERUND – ..rent increase, we /had/........ MOVING to a suburb.
b/ OBJECT CLAUSE – the coins HAD BEEN /WERE/ preserved so
c/ PASSIVE – WAS made TO SIGN the/a document he didn’t…
224
d/ INFINITIVE & COMPARISON – TO BE THE LEAST ........ all American bears.

e/ CONJUNCTION – ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH, etc. ...was good .. the captain
did nothing to avoid/ prevent...
f/ UNREAL CONDITION – If the agreement HAD BEEN SIGNED... WOULD BE no
serious delays now.
g/ TIME CLAUSE – the presence of the virus IS/HAS/ NOT BEEN CONFIRMED, no
drugs WILL/ MAY/, etc/ BE used
h/ REFLEXIVE PRONOUN – OURSELVES (tylko poprawna pisownia!!)
TEST F:
a/ MODAL + PERF INF – now agree that the money spent on posters COULD/
MIGHT/ SHOULD/ HAVE BEEN SPENT in a
b/ SEQUENCE OF TENSES – were difficult because.. knew WHERE HE WOULD
HAVE TO GO THE NEXT DAY or for how long
c/ RELATIVE – to THOSE WHOSE photos have been/were/ published in – NO COM-
MA!!
d/ MODAL SUBSTITUTE – we WERE/ HAVE BEEN/ ABLE / MANAGED TO INVI-
TE ( nie uznajemy COULD)
e/ VERB PATTERN – GOT USED TO BEING ASKED
f/ DETERMINER – we /have/ examined TOO FEW
g/ BE TO & RELATIVE –- WHAT /SOMETHING THAT/ WAS TO BE a ..... into
h/ THERE BE & DETERMINER – working abroad, THERE OUGHT TO/ SHOULD/ BE
AT LEAST / NO FEWER THAN
TEST G:
a/ was | to read | (had) decided | had had | (had) offered
b/ smiling | struck | leant/ leaned | was overfed
c/ was known | to have lied | should/ could/ have been
d/ Considering /To consider | would have taught | did/ does/ not pay
e/ (which was) drawn | shows
f/ is believed | is beginning/ has begun | (was) started | has risen|
g/ was said | to be | seems | to have ended I
h/ were (are) being restored | would (will) return | was intended
TEST H: a/ [C] b/ [D] c/ [B] d/ [B] e/ [A] f/ [C]
225
TEST A:
b/ fable = bajka zaś fabuła = plot; przypadek tzw. false friends
TEST B:
a/ Skąd się bierze overdraft? Z lekkomyślności – a językowo? Z alternatywnej
pisowni słowa draught (od czasownika draw) – draft. Ta alternatywna pisow-
nia jest uproszczeniem, tak jak lite wobec light.
TEST D:
b/ Słowo fetch ma tu znaczenie przenośne. Dosłownie używane wobec psa – po
polsku używamy „aport” (z francuskiego) . Go (and) fetch!
e/ Przykład false friends – Słowo agony oznacza cierpienia duchowe, np.: agony
column w gazecie to nie rubryka z nekrologami, a kącik złamanych serc.
TEST E:
c/ Pamiętajmy o różnicy w czasowniku sprawczym MAKE: w stronie biernej
pojawia się TO: She made me sign the letter. I was made to sign the letter.
f/ Pierwsze zdanie dotyczy przeszłości, a drugie teraźniejszości; dlatego: would
be, a nie would have been.
TEST F:
d/ Czasownik modalny could bez przeczenia NIE odnosi się do przeszłości
– we could repair our relationship to sugestia, żeby próbować; a we were able
to repair our relationship oznacza, że już się udało. Zaś couldn’t to przeszłość
– I couldn’t help smiling – nie mogłem powstrzymać uśmiechu.
226
TEST G:
a/ Pamiętajmy, że that/those mają znaczenie oddalające w czasie lub przestrzeni
(także emocjonalnej); that time to przeszłość, that boyfriend of hers oznacza
dezaprobatę; zaś dla kontrastu this country to nasz/mój kraj.
d/ dishonesty does not pay – mimo, że chodzi o przeszłość, można powiedzieć
does not bowiem chodzi o ogólną regułę zachowania – coś co jest zawsze
prawdziwe, a przynajmniej chcielibyśmy by tak było.
TEST H:
e/ Czemu nie c/? Bo such odsyła do wcześniejszego tekstu. Some people will never
lie. I admire such people. Ale: I admire people who will not lie about their past.
227
Test 5
TEST A:
a/ at THE WHEEL of b/ CONVINCED that the departure
c/ were LOWERED d/ might THREATEN
e/ was CAPABLE f/ DESPISES
g/ bad TASTE h/ WINDING/TWISTING
TEST B:
a/ eve b/ annual c/ rarity d/ remarrying e/ ignore
f/ commuter g/ reality h/ poverty
TEST C:
a/ ground b/ foolishly c/ purchase d/ hay e/ distress
f/ numerous g/ legendary h/ primarily
TEST D:
a/ LAVISH; SUITORS
Hojne podarki od starających się (o rękę).
b/ TOLL-FREE
Za darmowym odcinkiem drogi I-65.
c/ STITCHES; DEAL
Dwa szwy? To nic takiego.
d/ OFFENSE; GRATUITOUSLY
Staraj się nie obrażać [ludzi] niepotrzebnie.
e/ WAIVE; APPRAISAL FEE
Zrzekła się honorarium za wycenę.
f/ LET ALONE; LUPINE
Nie mówiąc już o/A tym mniej/bardziej/ ich przodkowie z gatunku wilków.
TEST E:
a/ ADJECTIVES – It started BADLY and got .... WORSE THAN expected.
b/ VERB PATTERN – ... in the therapy should be TO GET/ GETTING the patients TO
BELIEVE that they can change
c/ BE TO – ...had little or no money because THERE WERE TO BE no additional fees
or tickets.
d/ DETERMINERS – there’s been SOME ... there are FEWER whales in THE Pacific
today than at THE beginning of THE 20th century
228
e/ OBJECT CLAUSE – CAN’T anyone TELL ME WHERE I CAN FIND an answer to

my question
f/ EMPHATIC PRONOUN – is that we OURSELVES ( poprawna pisownia!!) often
neglect our duties or behave
g/ IMPERATIVE – LET’S NOT / DON’T LET’S/ BLAME others for doing the same
h/ OBJECT CLAUSE & MODAL + PI – tell Mother WHERE WE WERE GOING be-
cause she WOULD HAVE BEEN
TEST F:
a/ UNREAL PAST CONDITION – if I HAD BEEN TOLD ..... I WOULDN’T HAVE
TAKEN; (możliwe inne wersje)
b/ SEQUENCE OF TENSES – had only been posted THE DAY BEFORE, I WOULD/
COULD/ MIGHT GET IT THE NEXT day
c/ PREPOSITION & PRONOUN – OF how we treat ONE ANOTHER/ EACH OTHER;
nie uznajemy OURSELVES
d/ CONTRAST – In spite of having lost/ fallen
e/ PAST HYPOTHESIS – MAY HAVE BEEN offended.... MIGHT HAVE misunder-
stood (możliwe inne wersje)
f/ TIME CLAUSE – It will be too late .... once... HAS STARTED/ STARTS/
g/ MODAL + PERFECT – The islanders/ tourists coming, etc/ HAVEN’T BEEN ABLE
.... cock fighting FOR about
h/ RELATIVE – the/ those SCHOOLS FROM WHICH WE have had – bez przecinka!
TEST G:
a/ forbade | flew | threw |
b/ I hadn’t bowed | would/ could/ might/ have been hit
c/ were / got/ stuck | waiting | to be told
d/ will be restored
e/ is going | asked | considers | smiles | says
f/ had been lying / had lain
g/ couldn’t / wouldn’t / tell | could /must/ might / have been
h/ will qualify | will have resided
TEST H: a/ [C] b/ [D] c/ [B] d/ [C] e/ [B]f/ [A]
229
TEST B:
b/ Standardowe określenie to: annual rainfall – yearly rainfall znaczy to samo,
ale używa się raczej annual.
e/ Może się wydawać trudne, zwłaszcza wobec częstego ignorowania przez
Polaków znaczenia fail jako not to do. W zdaniu the wind failed to follow the
forecast orzeczenie failed jest synonimem didn’t do, a nie did not succeed.
Zatem: she chose to fail to notice znaczy tyle, co: deliberately didn’t notice, czyli
po prostu: ignored.
TEST D:
f/ Synonimem wyrażenia: let alone jest: and even less; tłumaczymy jako: „a tym
mniej”, „nie mówiąc już o”. Nie ma to nic wspólnego z użyciem czasownika
z dopełnieniem let sb alone – zostawić w spokoju
TEST E:
d/ Czas! in recent years często występuje z czasem Present Perfect; THE przed
nazwą oceanu (również rzeki i morza)
beginning/end – tylko jeden; the 20th century – NIE używamy cyfry rzymskiej
– arabską lub słowem: the twentieth century;
e/ drugie pytanie jest przykładem mowy zależnej – pierwsze nie;
h/ Czemu nie: would be ? Bo zaczyna się od didn’t – przeszłość!
TEST F:
e/ Hipoteza jest raczej słaba (nie wiemy na pewno) więc may/ might są lepsze od
could; a must wykluczone
g/ Zdanie kończy się słowem decade, więc trzeba dodać for – for a decade; oczy-
wiście w żadnym wypadku since.
h/ Skoro na końcu nie ma from, trzeba użyć from which; nie można napisać from that.
230
TEST G:
a/ Typowa sekwencja zdarzeń z przeszłości: zwyczajny Simple Past; a potem
warunek nierzeczywisty; w sumie proste
c/ Teraźniejszość i przyszłość: when the flight scheduled will be restored – to NIE
jest zdanie okolicznikowe czasu, ale mowa zależna, więc NIE: is restored; is
going to be – OK
f/ Następstwo czasów: couldn’t tell – odnosi się do przeszłości, samo: could tell
– do teraźniejszości;
TEST H:
c/ Użycie this what to brzydki polonizm
e/ Ulubiona zasadzka w testach: po look forward to występuje zawsze forma –ing
f/ Never before to tzw. okolicznik negatywny, po którym, jeśli stoi na początku
zdania, używa się inwersji; inne to seldom, rarely, hardly; not a day, no sooner,
etc.
231
Test 6
TEST A:
a/ FADED; b/ NECKLACE c/ LIGHTNING ROD/ CONDUCTOR
d/ HORSESHOE shaped e/ requires; DEGREE of competence
f/ COVER; BUTTERFLY g/ the Pope; MESSENGER
h/ PARDONED
TEST B:
a/ gestures b/ evidence c/ barking d/ shallow
e/ silent /mute f/ mosque g/ coincided h/ fencing
TEST C:
a/ manufacturers b/ warehouses c/ rubbish d/ toughness
e/ qualify f/ fold g/ individuals h/ unselfish
TEST D:
a/ DODGE; PUDDLE
Omijanie/ unikanie kałuż ..... .
b/ LODGE; HARD-CORE; ANGLER
Domek zadowoli najbardziej zagorzałych wędkarzy..
c/ SHORT-LIVED; NOTORIETY
Ten postępek dał mu krótkotrwałą złą sławę.
d/ HAVOC, WROUGHT, SLUG
zdenerwowany spustoszeniami poczynionymi przez ślimaki
e/ GAZE UTTER BEWILDERMENT
spojrzenie [pełne] najwyższego/ całkowitego/ zdumienia, konsternacji, zagu-
bienia
f/ BENIGN; AWESOME
Jego łagodna/ niezłośliwa postać budzi respekt.
TEST E:
a/ ADVERBIAL – because EVERY NOW AND THEN/ AGAIN/ someone is attacked
by punks.
b/ OBJECT CLAUSE– ..question of WHY THERE WEREN’T more Aboriginal mo-
dels.... was ... raised/asked
c/ ARTICLES – THE list of [0] famous people buried at [0] Westminster Abbey .... [0]
poets, [0] diplomats, etc
232
d/ VERB PATTERN / NEGATION – I don’t remember Mr F. SAY/ SAYING such a thing.

NEITHER DOES my...
e/ PREPOSITION – fought AGAINST the rest of the Continent and were not /without
being/ defeated
f/ THERE BE + MODAL / DETERMINER– suspicious because THERE just CAN’T BE
SO MANY people asking
g/ COMPARISON / CONDITION – it WAS/WERE/ HALF AS MUCH AS Rita says, it
WOULD stil BE ... most buyers
h/ PROGRESSIVE INFINITIVE – his pals Ted pretended to BE DATING his school’s
TEST F:
a/ RELATIVE – because on the day IT WAS SCHEDULED FOR a hurricane/ FOR
WHICH it was ....
b/ CONJUNCTION & SINGLE NEGATION– SINCE / AS .... main characters IS/ARE
...the movie will Nie uznajemy: Because
c/ PRONOUN – they nor we/ of us/ WILL KNOW what to expect from EACH
OTHER/ ONE ANOTHER
d/ PRESENT PERFECT– HAS NOT INVESTIGATED / HAD TO CARRY OUT an
investigation at M. airport FOR....
e/ UNREAL COND & MODAL + PI – WAS/ WERE/ allergic etc. we WOULDN’T
HAVE BEEN ABLE lub podobnie; ale nie: HAD BEEN
f/ COMPLEX OBJECT – The new law ...... all BIKERS under 16 TO WEAR helmets
g/ IDIOMATIC – return to the team was OUT OF THE
h/ SEQUENCE OF TENSES + MODAL – MUST never SUNBATHE again
TEST G:
a/ is/are currently being told |
b/ could/ might NOT: may have been prevented | claim | should/ must stand
c/ discovered | was | came | to have | looking | can’t/ couldn’t imagine | having
aborted
d/ spun/span | was/had been forsaken | swelled | burst | shed
e/ comes | overtaking | will be | to be
f/ will have done
g/ couldn’t be | produce | being requested | are accompanied | wait | to be sear-
ched | (to) have | x-rayed
h/ leads | to be seated | watching i/ spoke | was | was doing | shouldn’t be doing/
have been doing
TEST H: a/ [D] b/ [B] c/ [B] d/ [A] e/ [C]
233
TEST A:
d/ Zamiast horseshoe table mówi się także U-shaped table lub nawet U-shape
table. Wychodzi na to samo.
TEST C:
f/ Polskie „fałd, fałda” jest podobne do fold ale wg słownika etymologicznego
pochodzi z... włoskiego.
TEST D:
c/ Notorious, notoriety; obu słów używamy dla cech negatywnych, czyli złej
sławy, np. notorius gangsters a nie well-known gangsters
TEST E:
e/ Zapamiętajmy: fight AGAINST oraz fight WITH. They never fought agaist
violence – nigdy nie walczyli z przemocą . They never fought with violence
– nigdy nie walczyli przy użyciu przemocy
TEST F:
e/ Warunek nierzeczywisty dotyczy stałej cechy Pam – dlatego if she were a nie if
she had been allergic.
h/ Jak widać, czasownik modalny must nie podlega następstwu czasów.
TEST G:
b/ Dlaczego nie może być may have been prevented ale może być might have
been? Bo to pierwsze to hipoteza (nie wiemy, jak było), a drugie to przeszłość
alternatywna (wiemy jak było ale mówimy o alternatywie) . Might może mieć
jedno i drugie znaczenie: It might be too late - hipoteza; you might be more
careful – alternatywa. May jest zawsze hipotezą.
TEST H:
c/ Zarówno słowo way jak i manner są policzalne – więc musi być rodzajnik,
którego brak w opcji A/
234
ETAP OKRĘGOWY
235
Test 7
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. B; 2. A; 3. D; 4. A; 5. A; 6. D;
7. D; 8. B; 9. B; 10. C; 11. C; 12. C;
13. D; 14. A; 15. C; 16. B; 17. A.
GRAMATYKA 2:
Najpierw podana jest wymagana odpowiedź, a pod nią wskazanie, co dane zada-
nie testuje.
1. Even without asking Mrs Grey’s opinion, I can assure you she would prefer
to stay in the present office. But I have no doubt that she will agree to be
moved to one of the branches if she has to.
prefer to NIE UZNAJEMY: staying; to be moved – Passive Infinitive
2. We needn’t have waited so long before informing the police. But we decided
that if the camcorder was returned till the next day, the incident could be
treated as unimportant.
Modal + Perf. Inf.; Sequence of Tenses
3. we were promised that the information technology would lead us into
a paper-free paradise, the sad reality is that since the introduction of
computers, the use of paper has been rising at the rate of twenty per cent per
year.
Passive Voice; Present Perfect;
4. We suspect that the boys, who claim to have been watching a game of chess
in the yard of the museum, may have been hiding there during the police
raid.
Perfect Progressive Infinitve; – Modal + PI
5. ...may have been hiding there during the police raid. The fact is none could
explain even the most basic rules of the game.
pronoun NONE; nie uznajemy: no one; pojedyncze przeczenie
6. I’m not sure now whether it was last year or two years ago that the idea of
a new sundial was put forward. Anyway, it’s high time the city council did
something about it.
emphatic BE – it was... who; nierzeczywistość po high time...
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KLUCZ ODPOWIEDZI Z KOMENTARZEM - ETAP OKRĘGOWY TEST nr 7
7. On Sundays the boys could choose; a few went to the mountains, others
went sailing on [0] Lake Geneva and four or five stayed in the hotel to watch
the NBA on TV.
pronouns – a few & others; zero article Lake Geneva / Geneva Lake
8. Don’t expect Nora to treat you seriously until you remove your ex-
girlfriend’s photos from the wall in your office.
Time Clause – zdanie czasowe – until you remove/ as long as you don’t remove
9. only getting on her nerves and making a fool of yourself when you start
telling her how nice they look.
idioms; linking verb – look nice
10. Before next year’s tournament, the middle part of the wall will have to be
raised so that players in Courts One and Three will not be blinded by the
afternoon sun.
Passive modal; clause of purpose – zdanie celowe
11. If you didn’t see the car’s plate numbers, how could you order /have
ordered/ your men to fire at it? They could have shot
Conditional – real, past; nie uznajemy: hadn’t seen
12. Engineers are warning us that reception will be getting worse for at least
four more years before it starts getting better
Verb Pattern – get worse; Time Clause – before it starts
13. As a taxpayer, I cannot understand why a single mother couldn’t take a job
while continuing to get some support from the council. At least, if the job
she gets is poorly-paid or part-time.
Object Clause – zd. dopełnieniowe albo mowa zależna;
Relative Clause – defining = identyfikujące
14. The colour of a car is sometimes said to reflect the owner’s personality.
Anyway, I’d rather not speculate on what made Tina’s Dad change his navy
blue Volvo for a bright yellow Beetle.
Passive – wyrażanie opinii: is said to; Causative Verb make – czasownik sprawczy
15. Most of the people with whom the plans were discussed were against the
setting up of the benches, which, many of them feared, would only draw
troublemakers and drunks into the area.
Relative – defining & nondefining; w identyfikacji bez przecinka,
w uzupełnieniu z przecinkiem
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16. ... computer-controlled heaters are about twice as expensive as traditional

ones, the price will certainly go down.
Comparison of Adjective; nie uznajemy: *twice more...
17. other things, the more households are interested in installing them, the
cheaper they will get.
podwójny spójnik the... the; czas teraźniejszy w zd. podrzędnym i czas przyszły
w głównym
18. ... about the pottery Greg wants to bring from Greece. He should realise that
these days hardly anywhere is it painted in .
inwersja po negatywnym przysłówku hardly
SŁOWNICTWO:
1. fairness; 2. clapped; 3. gathered; 4. loneliness;
5. additional; 6. poisonous; 7. leadership; 8. preferably;
9. fined; 10. share; 11. likeness; 12. persuasive;
13. probability; 14. apology; 15. dimensions; 16. consideration;
17. immediate; 18. jokingly; 19. omissions; 20. fattening;
21. provides; 22. repeatedly; 23. twisted; 24. unity;
25. eagerness; 26. occurred; 27. rectangular; 28. seeds;
29. bodily; 30. modest; 31. sharpened; 32. thickness;
33. division; 34. winding; 35. mistrusts/distrusts.
CZYTANIE:
1. D; 2. A; 3. B; 4. A; 5. C; 6. B;
7. C; 8. B; 9. D; 10. A; 11. C; 12. B;
13. D; 14. D; 15. A; 16. C;
TEST LUK:
W kluczu umieszczono jedynie wyrazy wykreślone z oryginalnego tekstu. Przy
poprawianiu prac nie wymagamy oczywiście odtworzenia oryginału, zważając za-
miast tego, aby zdania utworzone dzięki wpisaniu wyrazów w luki były całkowicie
poprawne, zarówno pod względem gramatyki jak i treści całego tekstu.
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1. behaving; 2. as; 3. expression; 4. face; 5. completely;

6. field; 7. said; 8. waited; 9. end; 10. delay;
11. umpire; 12. pacify; 13. would; 14. let; 15. exactly;
16. vick; 17. cap; 18. might; 19. off; 20. once;
21. sound; 22. leaped; 23. direction; 24. because; 25. quit;
26. off; 27. though; 28. was.
KULTURA:
1. C; 2. B; 3. C; 4. B; 5. B; 6. D;
7. A; 8. D; 9. A; 10. C; 11. D; 12. C;
13. D; 14. B; 15. A; 16. A; 17. D; 18. B;
19. A; 20. A; 21. C; 22. C; 23. B; 24. C;
25. D; 26. A.
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. Hipoteza co do przebiegu zdarzeń jest bardzo słaba – zatem nie można użyć
ani couldn’t have ani tym mniej can’t have.
4. Określnik any nie może pojawić się z rodzajnikiem a/one. Zatem albo such
a leak, albo any such leak. Zamiast one można powiedzieć single, np. even
a single leak.
5. Opcje B i C dotyczą przeszłości, ale nierzeczywistej. Opcja A znaczy tyle, co:
used to receive. Z tych dwóch mozliwości would receive jest częściej używane.
8. Kiedy zaimki little i few występują z rodzajnikiem określonym oznaczają „te
trochę” – The little beer that was left we took home. Zamiast the można użyć
what – znaczenie podobne.
9. Słowo willingness wyklucza opcję C, która sugeruje wywieranie nacisku. We
had money donated to konstrukcja taka, jak We had the room painted – ktoś
nam wymalował pokój
11. Dwa wyrażenia idiomatyczne: do well = be successful, prosper oraz do good =
act in a beneficial way, be helpful. To ostatnie występuje jako przymiotnik –
a do-good attitude lub rzeczownik do-gooder. Jako rzeczownik ma znaczenie
raczej negatywne, bo oznacza kogoś, kto nieproszony narzuca się ze swoją
pomocą.
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13. Albo można użyć pełnego zdania when they are faced, albo formy
maksymalnie skróconej: when faced. Tak samo po if, a nawet although.
16. Początek zdania odnosi się do teraźniejszości, ale druga część do
alternatywnej przeszłości. Opcja A – jako warunek nierzeczywisty – odnosi
się do teraz – musimy zatem wybrać B z warunkiem wyrażonym inwersją
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. Po prefer można czasem użyć formy –ing (choć bezokolicznik jest znacznie
częstszy) . Ale po would prefer tylko bezokolicznika: She would prefer to go.
4. W obu częściach zdania potrzebna jest forma continuous, a po claim
oczywiście bezokolicznik: claim to have been watching.
5. I could explain it to you odnosi się do teraźniejszości lub przyszłości.
Zaś none could explain it do przeszłości. To jest specyfika czasownika
modalnego could – nie ma jej np might. Ciekawe, że zdanie z przeczeniem
„Żaden nie był w stanie jej pomóc” znacznie lepiej przetłumaczyć z could
a nie be able to – None could help her.
7. Pamiętajmy, że others to inni, czyli nasi bliźni zaś the others to pozostali albo
reszta. No i rodzajnik zerowy przed nazwą jeziora.
10. Zdanie okolicznikowe celu – po angielsku czas przyszły, a po polsku
przeszły. „Tak żebyś nie MUSIAŁ czekać”: So that you won’t have to wait.
11. Warunek rzeczywisty, w którym nie zmienia się czasu gramatycznego – If
you didn’t see. Oczywiście, if ma tu znaczenie since – skoro.
14. „Mówi się, że” – po angielsku używamy say w stronie biernej. Red is said
to be the colour of love. Można też powiedzieć It is said that red... Ale ta
pierwsza wersja jest lepsza.
16. Przy porównaniach z twice mówimy twice as long a nie *twice longer. Ale
w innych przypadkach można użyć obu form: three times stronger albo three
times as strong.
SŁOWNICTWO:
Uczniowie nazywają ten test hangmanem – w nawiązaniu do popularnej gry ję-
zykowej polegającej na odgadywaniu słów litera po literze, por. ciekawe hasło
w Wikipedii.
To podobieństwo jest jednak czysto pozorne. Bowiem ten test doskonale mierzy
zasobność leksykalną naszej pamięci i dość realistycznie odzwierciedla sposób,
w jaki posługujemy się językiem obcym. W grze hangman uwaga uczestnika,
przynajmniej z początku, skupiona jest na formie. W teście, podobnie jak przy
240
praktycznym używaniu języka, wychodzi się od znaczenia i szuka się w pamięci

synonimów.
8. Trudne, bo trzeba wpaść na to, że nie chodzi o przykład, a o preferencję.
10. A to jest łatwe jako tzw. kolokacja, czyli stałe połączenie między wyrazami.
Po polsku kolokacją jest np. ‘zakasać rękawy’, ‘palnąć głupstwo’ czy ‘zajść
w ciążę’. Im lepiej znamy język obcy, tym więcej znamy kolokacji. Przy
tłumaczeniu kolokacji trzeba na ogół się zastanowić – tutaj fair share może
znaczyć ‘duży udział’, znaczący wkład’. Może mieć wydźwięk negatywny
– nieproporcjonalnie duży udział w czymś nieprzyjemnym.
11. Słowo o tym samym rdzeniu likelihood znaczy prawdopodobieństwo.
Zauważmy, że po polsku mówi się ‘niepodobno’ albo ‘to niepodobne do niej’.
A likeness ma też drugie znaczenie: wizerunek, obraz.
21. Przyimek with ułatwia odgadnięcie słowa – zawsze jest provide sb with sth.
23. Co robi metal pod działaniem gwałtownych sił? Skręca się – stąd twisted.
25. Tutaj eagerness jest naganna – ale na ogół jest to coś pozytywnego, np.: eager
and willing.
34. Przy aparatach cyfrowych tego dźwięku przewijania nie ma – bo nic
się nie przewija. Ciekawe, że jako czasownik nie ma nic wspólnego
z rzeczownikiem wind – wiatr. To ostatnie słowo do XVIII wieku
wymawiało się tak jak czasownik, czyli rymowało się z mind. Zmiana
wymowy nastąpiła zapewne pod wpływem słowa pochodnego windy.
CZYTANIE:
Czytanie ze zrozumieniem wymaga przede wszystkim dobrej znajomości słow-
nictwa. Najlepszą metodą wykonywania tego testu jest rozpoczęcie od eliminacji
opcji ewidentnie nieprawdziwych. Należy bardzo uważnie czytać zarówno teksty
wprowadzające jak i opcje.
1. Opcja B jest sprzeczna z resztą tekstu, zaś A nie nawiązuje do niego.
Pozostaje D.
3. Tekst sugeruje, że rola wykształcenia po pewnym czasie ustępuje
faktycznym umiejętnościom. Zatem B.
6. To jest łatwe – tylko opcja B odnosi sie do szans życiowych.
8. W tej scenie z wyższych sfer nie ma oczywiście mowy o przemocy czy nożu.
Striped pants to eleganckie prążkowane spodnie, a knife-edge odnosi się do
wyprasowania na kant – po polsku słyszy się określenie „na żyletę”.
10. Brak przecinka po However oznacza, że tekst odchodzi od zwykłej definicji
domu – zatem pasuje opcja A.
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13. Zasadnicze przesłanie tekstu jest takie, żeby nie przywiązywać wagi do
momentu, w którym dziecko zaczyna czytać. Tylko opcja D wzmacnia ten
przekaz.
15. Uważny czytelnik zauważy frazę soared again to the top, co wyklucza opcję B
(gdyby zamiast climbed było rushed, drove, etc. można by ją zaakceptować) .
Opcje C i D są absurdalne – sugerują jazdę po polu.
TEST LUK:
W tym teście należy zawsze rozpocząć od przeczytania całości. Przy wpisywa-
niu wyrazów należy zwracać uwagę nie tylko na ich dopasowanie treściowe lecz
w równym stopniu na ich poprawność gramatyczną .
KULTURA:
Zadania podzielone są w mniej więcej równych proporcjach na część brytyjską
(plus Wspólnota Brytyjska) i amerykańską (z Kanadą). Mniej więcej połowa za-
dań w każdej części poświęcona jest literaturze i sztuce oraz historii (wraz z bie-
żącą polityką) i geografii. Niektóre zadania o większym stopniu szczegółowości
odnoszą się do artykułów zamieszczanych w nieistniejącym już dziś czasopiśmie
World of English. Obecnie tego typu szczegółowe kwestie nie pojawiają się
w testach olimpiady.
242
Test 8
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. A; 2. B; 3. D; 4. D; 5. B; 6. C;
7. D; 8. C; 9. A; 10. C; 11. B; 12. A;
13. C; 14. D; 15. A; 16. B; 17. A.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. If your opponent tomorrow is John Turner or, preferably, his twin brother,
your chances of winning will be fairly good because neither of them is a left-
hander.
Pronoun neither of them; nie uznajemy: none
2. The designs were made [nie: *done] independently by two painters, who
didn’t even know of each other’s/ one another’s existence
Pronoun – each other’s
3. There’s no cause for alarm. So far nothing that should /have been/ be/ kept
secret has been leaked to the press.
Relative – defining; Present Perfect z okolicznikiem so far
4. We might tentatively plan another event for September on condition there
are no complaints from residents after tomorrow’s concert. But we won’t
know this before next week.
Conditional – real future;
5. We had nowhere to go because the centre of the town was destroyed by
bombs. And the few buildings that were left were occupied by the military.
Pronoun + infinitive – nowhere to go; the few with defining relative – nie uzna-
jemy a few
6. The fact that Bob Ray has driven big lorries (for) much longer than any of
your drivers cannot be ignored altogether.
Present Perfect
7. Having said that, I must admit I wouldn’t mind getting rid of him.
Verb Pattern – Perfect Gerund & Gerund; nie uznajemy: after saying that
8. Let’s not treat what Ann did as a sign of exceptional integrity.
Imperative; Nominal Relative (zd. względne jako dopełnienie); nie uznajemy:
this what Ann did
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9. In those circumstances any decent reporter would have refused to give the
police any names or addresses.
Modal + PI & Verb Pattern – Infinitive after refuse
10. We hope that the new camera will make it far easier for the police to identify
those breaking speed limits.
Verb Pattern – make it easier
11. The previous codes had to be changed after they were found to have been
breached by some unknown hacker operating from the Far East.
Passive Voice – with Modal & Perfect Infinitive
12. The worse the climate, I mean, the less it snows, the worse the business is for
manufacturers of skiing equipment. Last year was the worst on record in 50
years.
Comparison of adjective with double conjunction
13. All Dad wanted to know when Dr. Cohen told him he must not use so much
sugar in his recipes was if natural sugar contained in wine was O. K.
Sequence of Tenses – regular & not used with modal must
14. The inspectors were randomly picking every seventh advertisement.
I wouldn’t be surprised if it turned out that as many as two fifths of private
teachers didn’t pay /weren’t paying/ any tax/es.
Determiners & fractions (ułamki)
15. Baxter’s new sculpture was dedicated to the homeless, which does not mean
the money he will get for it will be spent on [0] charity.
Articles
16. Was none of the officers you talked to puzzled about how six people were
able to climb the wall without anyone seeing them / being seen by anyone?
Object Clause; Modal replacement be able to – nie uznajemy could
17. We were rather angry to hear milk was again being delivered at 4 o’clock in
the morning.
Passive Progressive – Past
18. After over 300 hundred residents complained there were to be no early
morning deliveries.
Futurity – be to
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SŁOWNICTWO:
1. overfeeding; 2. contents; 3. wandering; 4. broadcast;
5. thankful; 6. transparent; 7. softened; 8. switched;
9. viewer; 10. inconvenience; 11. lightness; 12. mountainous;
13. admiringly; 14. loosely; 15. sucking; 16. bared;
17. disappointment; 18. eastwards; 19. foolish; 20. generous;
21. entertaining; 22. faulty; 23. gradually; 24. boundary;
25. dismissed; 26. neglecting; 27. necessarily; 28. rolling;
29. urgency; 30. widespread; 31. powered; 32. screenplay;
33. altogether; 34. critically; 35. breakthrough.
CZYTANIE:
1. C; 2. A; 3. B; 4. A; 5. B; 6. D;
7. B; 8. C; 9. D; 10. D; 11. D; 12. B;
13. A; 14. A; 15. C.
TEST LUK:
1. otherwise; 2. fight; 3. part; 4. tearful;
5. worked; 6. clinic; 7. area; 8. part;
9. themselves; 10. of; 11. practice; 12. all;
13. had; 14. hatred; 15. grown; 16. had;
17. beyond; 18. foundation; 19. warehouse; 20. partnership;
21. into; 22. few; 23. fee; 24. nothing;
25. clinic; 26. dreams; 27. somewhat; 28. until;
29. receiving.
KULTURA:
1. A; 2. D; 3. D; 4. D; 5. C; 6. C;
7. D; 8. A; 9. A; 10. B; 11. B; 12. A;
13. B; 14. C; 15. B; 16. C; 17. B; 18. C;
19. D; 20. B; 21. B; 22. A; 23. C; 24. D;
25. A; 26. A.
GRAMATYKA 1:
3. Imiesłowy stoją czasem za rzeczownikami. Może to być, jak tutaj, kwestią stylu,
ale może też zmieniać się znaczenie: Many of the used cars were excellent. Many of
the cars used were excellent. W pierwszym zdaniu chodzi o samochody używane.
245
4. To jest zdanie względne uzupełniające (non-defining relative); Dlatego

przecinek jest niezbędny. W opcji A błąd polega tylko na jego braku.
6. Like she had lost – Tak się potocznie często mówi; ale w języku pisanym,
w stylu formalnym należy używać as if lub as though.
11. Tutaj if ma znaczenie rzeczywiste „jeśli, skoro”. Opcja B wyraża więc
niezrealizowaną alternatywę (mogła ale nie zrobiła) .
12. Użycie the przed nazwiskiem ma tu funkcję ograniczającą – ‘ten Poe, który’.
Zdanie względne ma znaczenie definiujące – stąd brak przecinka.
13. Po arrange musimy użyć bezokolicznika. Tutaj jest to bezokolicznik bierny.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. Dlaczego nie none of them? Bo jest tylko dwu; porówn.: po polsku nie
powiemy „wszystkie moje siostry”, jeśli są dwie: „Obie moje siostry”.
5. Zapamiętajmy różnicę:
few = mało, niewiele There were few problems.
a few = trochę There were a few problems but we managed.
the few = tych kilka The few problems we had were minor.
Taki sam rozkład znaczeń jest z określeniem little dla rzeczowników
niepoliczalnych.
8. Typowym błędem pochodzącym z języka polskiego byłoby *this what
Anna did. Zapamiętajmy, że przed what nie może stać this. Może natomiast
pojawić się przyimek, np.: by what she said; at what we saw, itd.
11. Piękny przykład podwójnej strony biernej: were found to have been breached.
Użycie Perfect Infinitive jest tu konieczne. A jak przetłumaczyć were found to
be missing? „Stwierdzono, ze ich nie ma. Stwierdzono ich brak”.
14. „Co siódmy” to: every seventh (ale nie: each) . Zauważmy, jak bardzo
skomplikowane jest tłumaczenie polskiego ‘aż’.
15. To zadanie świetnie ilustruje rozmaite zastosowania rodzajników:
Baxter’s new sculpture – dopełniacz saksoński kasuje the – the new sculpture by B.
the przed samym przymiotnikiem tworzy rzeczownik: the homeless; the poor
the money – chodzi o konkretną sumę pieniędzy określoną przez kontekst
spent on charity – brak rodzajnika (tzw. rodzajnik zerowy) przed rzeczownikiem
niepoliczalnym lub w liczbie mnogiej We like roses oznacza całą kategorię osób
czy rzeczy: to spend money on: food, photo albums, pop music, travel, books, etc.
16. were able to climb – mogli zrobić i zrobili. Nie można użyć could climb bo
nie odnosi się to do przeszłości.
246
SŁOWNICTWO:
5. Pierwsze, co przychodzi na myśl, to grateful – skoro nie pasuje, znajdujemy
jedyny dokładny synonim: thankful.
8. Po polsku powiemy „przerzucili się” (albo „przeszli”) a po angielsku
switched jako czasownik nieprzechodni, czyli bez dopełnienia. „Się” jako
zaimek zwrotny jest dopełnieniem, co widać w tym cytacie Gałczyńskiego
(o robieniu porządków): „Owo „się” połóżmy w grobie. Nie „się” robi, lecz
ja robię.” Często tam, gdzie po polsku jest czasownik zwrotny, po angielsku
używamy czasownika nieprzechodniego, np: „Zmęczył się”- he got tired;
„zaczęło się” – it started; „popsuło się” – it broke down, itp.
10. Trudne, bo jest sporo synonimów: trouble, discomfort, disruption, no,
wreszcie jest: inconvenience.
18. W American English mogłoby być także bez końcowego „s”: eastward
20. Trzeba wyjść od antonimu – wyrazu o przeciwnym znaczeniu wobec
tightfisted: generous
21. Trudne zadanie, bo sporo synonimów – nie jest łatwo wpaść na entertaining.
28. To jest łatwe, jeśli się zna kolokację roll up your sleeves. Można ją łączyć
z DIY czyli do-it-yourself.
34. critically ill – to też można uważać za kolokację.
CZYTANIE:
1. Nawet nie znając słowa bolster można domyślać się, że chodzi
o wzmocnienie mechanizmu obronnego organizmu. Wtedy można odrzucić
opcję A (tekst mówi o skończeniu kuracji off treatment, ale eksperyment
trwa przecież nadal) oraz B (tyle trwa przerwa w leczeniu, ale eksperyment
zaczął się wcześniej) . Zostaje więc C i D. To ostatnie odrzucamy, bo wszyscy
są nadal pod obserwacją. Zostaje zatem opcja C jako właściwe rozwiązanie.
3. Po wykluczeniu opcji D, możemy także wykluczyć A (bo kierowcy jadą
pociągiem na kolejny wyścig) . Nie możemy wybrać C, bo tego nie wiemy,
wobec tego zostaje B.
6. Opcję A odrzucamy bowiem wzmianka o ewolucji dotyczy jej skutku
teoretycznego, a nie rzeczywistego (barring = unless) . Odrzucenie C nie jest
trudne, jeśli zauważyć różnicę między pump more blood, a increased heart.
To pierwsze jest prawdziwe, ale to drugie nie.
***********
12. Nie musisz znać słowa prise – wystarczy, że jest po nim open. Po odrzuceniu
opcji A i C trzeba wykluczyć D, m.in. ze względu na słowo handle, które nie
zgadza się z wcześniejszą sugestią trudności w otworzeniu podwójnego okna.
15. Dość łatwe: tylko opcja C potwierdza kontrast między globalizacją
a wyborem lokalnego sportu.
247
Test 9
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. D; 2. B; 3. D; 4. B; 5. C; 6. D;
7. C; 8. C; 9. A; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A;
13. B; 14. A; 15. B; 16. A; 17. C; 18. D.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. Now I think we were right to have banned dictionaries at the exam. Using
them might not have been beneficial as the students would have been looking
for words instead of concentrating on what they might write themselves.
Modal + Perf. Inf.
2. instead of concentrating on what they could/ might/ write themselves.
Nominal Relative – nie uznajemy: on this what
3. She is one of those mothers who strongly believe that if all children were
brought up the way hers were, the problem of juvenile delinquency would
have disappeared long ago.
Conditional – unreal present; modal + PI; possessive prounoun hers
4. This season the tour of British war graves, for many years the least attractive of
our continental tours, has been the second most popular with our customers.
Comparison of adjectives
5. When local newspapers write there has been a 40 per cent rise in mobile
phone thefts since 2000, I’m ready to believe it. No wonder more and more
schools are banning them for pupils under 16.
konstrukcja THERE BE; Present Progressive – developing situation
6. If all the earlier studies you read pointed to aluminium as the most likely
cause of the disease, don’t you think the plant should have been closed ten
years earlier?
Conditional – real, present; Modal + PI
7. Once in Australia, I easily got used to first looking right at a pedestrian
crossing. After several weeks, though, I got completely confused and was no
longer sure /to/ which side to turn my head.
Verb Pattern – gerund; question word with infinitive
248
8. The spokesman for the airline confirmed that the passenger because of
whom the departure of Flight 112 had to be delayed had recently been
released
Defining relative – no comma
9. The spokesman for the airline confirmed that the passenger because of
whom the departure of [0] Flight 112 had to be delayed had recently been
released from [0] prison in the /Irish/ Republic /of Ireland/.
Articles
10. If your partner insists on being given a bodyguard for as long as he is in
Moscow, tell him we simply cannot afford it.
Verb Pattern – gerund; Time Clause
11. A Danish study that is now being repeated in Canadian hospitals has found
that giving up smoking two months before an operation reduces the risk of
infection and shortens hospital stays by two days.
Present Tenses
12. Details are important. And I’m afraid this drawing shows us neither how
many extra propellers there should be nor how they can be fixed to the
wings.
Object Clause with single negation
13. I wonder what my parents would say if, when I leave school next year,
my tennis coach told me to try my luck as a tennis pro instead of going to
university. Not that I expect him to.
Conditional – unreal present
14. I wonder what my parents would say if, when I leave school next year, my
tennis coach told me to try my luck as a tennis pro instead of going/ rather
than go/ to university. Not that I expect him to.
Time Clause
15. Jessica Smith, who spent six months studying for the resit /repeat exam/ after
wrongly being told/ having been told/ she had failed the first time, has decided
Relative nondefining with commas; Passive gerund
16. In spite of the fact that there were twice as many policemen surrounding
the square as the protesters themselves, the media called the demonstration
a huge success.
“the fact that” after preposition; determiner; reflexive pronoun
249
17. The mayor has promised he will do his best to find a new meeting place for
the scouts. Well, they’d better be patient as finding something suitable may /
might/ not be easy.
idiomatic expressions; Modal with infinitive
SŁOWNICTWO:
1. reward; 2. caves; 3. changeable; 4. please;
5. embarrassment; 6. forever; 7. hardened; 8. wealth;
9. reminder; 10. lungs; 11. astonishing; 12. bravery;
13. deserve; 14. envious; 15. infected; 16. oiled;
17. pregnancy; 18. hesitate; 19. qualifies; 20. scales;
21. sticky; 22. needy; 23. thorns; 24. irresponsible;
25. included; 26. slope; 27. governed; 28. accurate;
29. backward; 30. joblessness; 31. triangular; 32. growl;
33. mainland; 34. vandalis/z/ed; 35. overboard.
CZYTANIE:
1. C; 2. D; 3. C; 4. A; 5. B; 6. B;
7. D; 8. A; 9 . C; 10. B; 11. D; 12. A;
13. B; 14. D.
TEST LUK:
1. not; 2. for; 3. Thomas; 4. father; 5. hair;
6. except; 7. virtues; 8. even; 9. that; 10. as;
11. you; 12. in; 13. so; 14. circles; 15. considered;
16. established; 17. drawings; 18. while; 19. knew; 20. ever;
21. nothing; 22. which; 23. undergone; 24. in; 25. desire;
26. musically; 27. capable; 28. the; 29. bored; 30. neither.
KULTURA:
1. A; 2. B; 3. B; 4. C; 5. A; 6. D;
7. B; 8. C; 9. C; 10. D; 11. D; 12. C;
13. A; 14. D; 15. D; 16. C; 17. A; 18. B;
19. A; 20. C; 21. B; 22. C; 23. A; 24. D;
25. A; 26. B.
250
GRAMATYKA 1:
2. Dlaczego nie może być A? Bo might wyraża słabą hipotezę – kiedy nie
mamy pewności co do biegu wydarzeń. Tutaj kontekst sugeruje mocną
hipotezę – jesteśmy prawie pewni. Zatem albo can’t have been albo couldn’t
have been.
4. Like jest przyimkiem – stoi przed rzeczownikiem (like father, like son);
as jest spójnikiem – wprowadza zdanie: As do most teens. Dlatego opcja
A jest niepoprawna. W mówionym stylu nieformalnym używa się like jako
spójnika, ale w teście obowiązuje styl formalny.
5. Warunek nierzeczywisty nie ogranicza się do przeszłości – nie byli i nadal
nie są zamożni. Dlatego: were, a nie: had been.
8. Another twenty to taka ciekawostka, jakich każdy język ma sporo – another
znaczy tu kolejne, dodatkowe. Porównaj: a good two hours, a busy two weeks.
10. Czasownik welcome nie pochodzi od come i jest czasownikiem regularnym,
zatem officially welcomed.
13. To jest tryb Subjunctive używany w stylu formalnym po niektórych
czasownikach wyrażających sugestię czy polecenie lub wymaganie (demand,
insist, order, require, etc) . Jest częstszy w American English i na ogół można
go zastąpić przez czasownik modalny should. Zdanie z testu może więc
brzmieć
All experts suggested that the name be changed. – To jest Subjunctive.
All experts suggested that the name should be changed.
15. W opcji A still jest przymiotnikiem oznaczającym „bez ruchu”, co da się
powiedziec o zwierzęciu, ale w przypadku śniegu nie ma sensu, np.: The
whale lay still on the surface of water.
16. Opcja B wymagałaby bezokolicznika: nervous for me to be highjacked.
GRAMATYKA 2:
3. Warunek nierzeczywisty dotyczący zarówno teraźniejszości jak i przeszłości
(teraz i zawsze) . Dlatego were, a nie had been.
4. Przykład jak bardzo muszą się czasem różnić tłumaczenia – the second most
popular to po polsku „drugi pod względem popularności”. Tłumaczenie
„drugi najpopularniejszy” to anglicyzm.
5. Uwaga na czasy! Pierwsza część zdania wymaga użycia Perfect, a w drugiej
jest pokazana zachodząca zmiana – typowy przykład na użycie Continuous.
251
10. Dlaczego nie można powiedzieć your partner insists on giving him ? Bo
w jednym zdaniu byłyby dwa różne podmioty – wspólnik oraz osoba
udzielająca ochrony. Dzięki użyciu strony biernej jest tylko jeden podmiot.
To samo w punkcie 15.
12. Pamiętając o zasadzie pojedynczego przeczenia, uczący się często uważają,
że można dowolnie stosować albo not any albo no. Jednak najczęściej nie
ma takiego wyboru – w tym punkcie jedyna możliwość to: shows us neither
how many /.../ nor how they..... Gdyby powiedzieć doesn’t show us either how
many, etc..... zmieniłoby to znaczenie.
17. Po has said nie ma następstwa czasów, dlatego will do his best, a na końcu
may/might not be.
SŁOWNICTWO:
3. Wśród przymiotników kończących się na –eable warto zapamiętać:
irreplaceable, marriageable, rechargeable, serviceable, useable.
5. W słowie embarrass dwa razy podwajamy litery – wynika to z francuskiego
pochodzenia.
10. To jest podstawowa wiedza o świecie – choroba płuc czyli lung disease.
Na poziomie olimpiady wymagane jest normalne słownictwo dotyczące
zdrowia – w tym nazwy części i organów ciała, chorób, etc. W punkcie
17 mamy pregnancy oraz miscarriage.
11. To jest trudne, bo wiele synonimów przychodzi na myśl – unexpected,
amazing, sensational, startling, etc. Wreszcie jest: astonishing.
12. Obok bravery jest także braveness. Ale z medalem używa się bravery.
19. Podstawowe słownictwo sportowe też jest wymagane w olimpiadzie, jak np.
czasownik qualify.
22. To są rzeczowniki, jeśli z rodzajnikiem the, np: the needy. the poor, the rich,
etc.
24. Wiele możliwości przychodzi do głowy (na tym ten test polega), aż wreszcie
jest: irresponsible!
27. Skoro rule nie pasuje musi być govern. To pierwsze wygląd jak słowo
o germańskim rodowodzie, ale też pochodzi z łaciny, por. „reguła”.
Govern przez łacinę kieruje nas do greki, a przez grekę jest spokrewnione
z cybernetics. Po polsku jest „gubernator” i „guwernantka”.
30. Ponieważ unemployment nie pasuje, pozostaje joblessness.
252
CZYTANIE:
2. Słowo automatically w pierwszym zdaniu mogłoby odpowiadać wyrażeniu
act on impulse z opcji B i C. Jednak nie zgadza się z tym sformułowanie
became convinced. W opcji A jest mowa o zmianie zachowania, ale wyklucza
ją przymiotnik deep. Zatem pozostaje opcja D.
4. W tym zadaniu opcje B, C i D są prawdziwe, ale nie są związane z tekstem.
Pozostaje zatem A, w którym accept oznacza live with.
6. Odpowiedź B zawiera czasownik modalny can, który oznacza możliwość
teoretyczną, o której mowa na końcu tekstu. Natomiast C odnosi się do
redukcji kosztów, o czym tekst nie mówi – nowy system może być przecież
bardziej kosztowny.
8. Jeśli zwrócimy uwagę na zwrot middle years, wybór opcji A staje się bardziej
oczywisty.
9. Tutaj kluczowe jest słowo mandate – nakazywać.
11. Trzeba wybrać między wersją optymistyczną (A, B a pesymistyczną D) .
Większość tekstu jest uzasadnieniem dla tej drugiej – zatem wybieramy D.
12. Opcja A wynika z treści całego tekstu. Pozostałe opcje dopowiadają coś,
czego w tekście nie ma.
14. Tylko opcja D odzwierciedla fakt odmiennego podejścia do tej kwestii
w straży pożarnej i wojsku.
253
Test 10
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. B; 2. B; 3. A; 4. D; 5. B; 6. A;
7. D; 8. C; 9. A; 10. C; 11. D; 12. D;
13. B; 14. A; 15. A; 16. C; 17. C; 18. C.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. Mr Gray will want to discuss this problem at the next meeting of the polo
club, of which he is the founder and President.
Nondefining relative with comma
2. to rely on far fewer facts than we could have wished because the local police
didn’t find as many witnesses as they
determiners
3. than we could have wished because the local police didn’t find as many
witnesses as they should have.
Modal + Perfect Infinitive
4. To prepare everything the way Sandra would like us to, we would have to be
100 per cent sure it won’t rain on the wedding day. But no forecast can be
relied upon so much.
Modals; Complex object of would like
5. It’s not nice, I know. But if you don’t react next time she tries to steal your
money, you will be responsible for what may happen to her in the future.
Conditional – real future with time clause; Nominal relative
6. The organisers were surprised by the quality of the photos sent in.
Although none of those taking part in the contest work (s) as a professional
photographer, the pictures were excellent.
Conjunction & pronoun
7. It seems the more fashionable the resort becomes, the more boring the
people who want to stay there.
Comparison with double conjunction
8. Despite some impressive facilities, we were not pleased with how the place
had changed in recent years. It seems the more fashionable the resort
becomes, the more boring the people who want to stay there.
Relative – defining
254
9. As could be expected, the kids wanted to know what those cylinders were
made of and what they could be used for.
Object clause
10. The couple are planning a new store in Tampa, whose/ of which 15,000
square feet will be three times the size of
Relative – nondefining with comma determiner
11. About half way between the university where I teach and the border with
Montana, we discovered some of the state’s [0] least known and [0] most
beautiful lakes.
Articles & superlative degree of comparison
12. I was not surprised when the actual bill for the repair turned out to be much
bigger because, from the very start, I (had) thought there must be an error
somewhere.
Sequence of tenses – regular & not used for modal must
13. The excellent quality of the bank video made it easier to find the robber. On
being arrested at his home in Southport,
Passive Voice – gerund
14. quality of the bank video made it easier to find the robber told (the) officers
that he had been expecting their call since the showing of the film.
Verb Pattern; Past Perfect Progressive
15. couldn’t have been older than ten, there could/might/may have been three
kids, actually.
Conditional – real past; Modal + PI – strong & weak hypotheses
16. Speaking about Renzo,.... way of avoiding the replacement of a player who
had not been able to score since last
Past Perfect in Sequence of Tenses
17. Give the pictures to your students, but don’t make any comment yet. Let
them see for themselves what the river delta looks like from
Imperative – 2nd & 3rd person; Object clause
255
SŁOWNICTWO:
1. cattle; 2. blocking; 3. laughter; 4. wiped;
5. forever; 6. occurred; 7. justice; 8. loudspeakers;
9. twisted; 10. jelly; 11. ambiguously; 12. thickened;
13. significantly; 14. baldness; 15. powered; 16. boiling;
17. necessarily; 18. challenges; 19. numerous; 20. overturned;
21. charges; 22. fortnight; 23. jokingly; 24. modest;
25. lasting; 26. knotted; 27. lifeboats; 28. moreover;
29. audiences; 30. screenplay; 31. sorrow; 32. device;
33. wanderer; 34. withdrawal; 35. bleeding.
CZYTANIE:
1. C; 2. D; 3. A; 4. B; 5. C; 6. A;
7. B; 8. A; 9. D; 10. C; 11. B; 12. A;
13. D; 14. B.
TEST LUK:
1. fact; 2. See; 3. Show; 4. Right; 5. Which;
6. Seeing; 7. Much; 8. The; 9. Smelled / smelt; 10. Knew;
11. Else; 12. Hide; 13. Honest; 14. Played; 15. Two;
16. Well; 17. Care; 18. Himself; 19. Bring; 20. Side;
21. That; 22. Share; 23. Down; 24. Using; 25. Reason;
26. Me; 27. Whatever; 28. Being; 29. Whisper; 30. Instead.
KULTURA:
1. A; 2. D; 3. C; 4. A; 5. D; 6. B;
7. B; 8. A; 9. C; 10. C; 11. A; 12. D;
13. D; 14. A; 15. B; 16. C; 17. B; 18. C;
19. D; 20. B; 21. D; 22. B; 23. C; 24. A;
25. D; 26. D.
256
GRAMATYKA 1:
2. Czasownik pretend wymaga użycia bezokolicznika z to. Tutaj konieczne jest
użycie Perfect Infinitive. Porównaj różnicę: Alberto pretended to be in love
with Sue – a naprawdę chodziło mu o wizę do USA. Alberto pretended to
have been in love with Sue – po latach, kiedy porzucił Sue, nie chciał, żeby
jego niskie motywy wyszły na jaw.
5. W opcji A jest nierzeczywistość w przeszłości (had been told), ale there
wymaga rzeczownika, np. there would be so many people.
6. Przykład inwersji w warunku nierzeczywistym dotyczącym również
teraźniejszości – dlatego were it not for, a nie had it not been for. Zauważmy
brak spójnika if, którego pojawienie się znosi inwersję, np. if it were not for
my patience – gdyby nie moja cierpliwość
8. Czasownik stroke = głaskać, gładzić jest regularny i nie należy go mylić
z nieregularnym strike. It stroked my ego – połechtało to moją próżność.
10. Po czasowniku demand może wystąpić tryb Subjunctive.
11. Dlaczego nie opcja A? Bo określnik no nie może wystąpić z rodzajnikiem
a/the.
17. Dlaczego will po spójniku if? Bo jest to spójnik zdania dopełnieniowego
(mowy zależnej), tak jak whether, a nie spójnik warunku.
GRAMATYKA 2:
4. Czasownik modalny can nie służy do przewidywania przyszłości, jak may,
might albo could. Jego znaczenie to ogólny opis rzeczywistości, tak jak tutaj.
Zdanie „Tego nie da się zrobić” to po angielsku This can’t be done.
6. Zaimek those (ale nie: these) występuje tam, gdzie po polsku używamy
słowa „osoby, ludzie”. Tak więc fraza „osoby tym nie zainteresowane” może
brzmieć those not interested in it albo people not interested in it. To pierwsze
brzmi lepiej, a poza tym unikamy problemu rodzajnika. W żadnym razie nie
należy tu używać słowa person.
11. Czy w wyrażeniu the state’s least known lakes rodzajnik the jest częścią
stopnia najwyższego przymiotnika – jak np. the worst choice? Oczywiście nie
– wystarczy zastąpić the state nazwą własną, np. Montana’s least known lakes.
The będące częścią stopniowania znika przy dopełniaczu saksońskim: the
best movie made by Hitchcock ale Hitchcock’s best movie.
257
12. Czasownik modalny must w znaczeniu mocnej hipotezy nie zmienia się
w następstwie czasów. Porównaj: I must go now, said Rita. Rita said she had
to go.” Ale: Rita said there must be a mistake.
14. Czasowniki sprawcze „ułatwić, utrudnić, umożliwić” wymagają
w tłumaczeniu zaimka it. The strong current made it easier to swim.
Wskazanie dopełnienia dalszego wymaga dodania for: The current made it
more difficult for Rita to swim.
15. Spójnik if wprowadza tu warunek rzeczywisty w znaczeniu „jeśli, skoro”.
W takim przypadku, użycie czasów jest takie jak w zdaniach głównych
i mogą pojawiać się czasowniki modalne, np: even if he may have been
unaware of it.
SŁOWNICTWO:
4. Jeśli wpisać w googla mouth with a napkin ogromna większość odsłon to
czasownik wipe. Inne to dry lub clean.
6. W tym znaczeniu occur znaczy „przyjść do głowy”.
13. Trudne, bo oprócz significantly może być considerably, substantially,
markedly, etc.
16. Podobną kolokację mamy po polsku: punkt wrzenia.
17. Warto pamiętać, że necessarily, necessary, necessity mają JEDNO c a dwa s .
18. Z czasowników challenge, dispute, question, contradict najlepszy jest ten
pierwszy.
22. W plemionach germańskich liczono czas wg nocy – stąd fortnight.
24. Jaki może być success? Limited, partial, moderate – one nie pasują – więc
modest.
26. Pierwsze słowo, jakie sie nasuwa to tied; skoro nie pasuje, to synonim.
33. Pamiętajmy o różnicy w wymowie między czasownikiem wander /wym. jak
dog/ a wonder /wym. jak cut/.
CZYTANIE:
2. Kluczowe jest zrozumienie fragmentu anticipated his inheritance IN, etc...
4. Opcje A i C są fałszywe, bowiem sugerują pośrednio, że teoria naukowa
może być prawdziwa MIMO przeciwnych jej faktów.
7. Tylko opcja B uwzględnia dwukierunkowość opisanego procesu psucia
języka.
13. Tekst prezentuje logiczny podział stereotypów na wyłączające się wzajemnie
kategorie; tylko opcja D respektuje ten podział.
14. Słowo supposedly powoduje, że musimy wybrać opcję B.
258
Test 11
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. B; 2. D; 3. D; 4. B; 5. A; 6. A;
7. D; 8. C; 9. C; 10. C; 11. B; 12. B;
13. B; 14. A; 15. C; 16. D; 17. A.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. The trauma came some time after the landing because only then did
I realize how close we were to being killed.
Inversion after only then
2. in the recording sounded unnatural as if the girl was/were/had been trying
to appear more mature than she really was.
Verb Pattern (linking verb); Conditional – unreal
3. The guards who were outside the building may have been misled by the fact
that there were some workers doing maintenance
Passive Voice with modal; expression the fact that...
4. My Grandad’s favourite story was about being mistaken for a German movie
actor. While the story itself may or may not be true, it definitely shows how
good his German must have been.
Modal + PI – weak & strong hypotheses
5. Let’s admit that the $150,000 that he is said to /earn/ be earning is not bad
even by California standards.
Passive Voice expressing opinion
6. There is a difference between collecting [0] autographs and collecting [0]
art. Unlike a work of art, a signature has no esthetic value in itself. Thus,
never buy an autograph until you know whose signature you are buying and
why you need to own it.
Articles & determiner whose
7. Thus, never buy an autograph until you know whose signature you are
buying and why you need to own it.
Time Clause; Object Clause
259
8. In emergencies of this kind the parents of US citizens may count on some

kind of protection even if neither of them is a US citizen.
Pronoun
9. With children, the best thing is to avoid /getting them to/ making them/
pose at all; you’ll get the best shots if they’re.
Verb Pattern – gerund & causative verbs
10. best shots if they’re completely unaware that they are being photographed.
Passive Progressive
11. Since Dolores claims to be old enough to start learning to cook, let her pick
a few recipes that she will prepare for her classmates.
Imperative – 3rd person; idiomatic expression
12. About 30 minutes after the operation began, the residents of the flats that
were being searched heard an explosion.
Past Progressive – Passive
13. In the 1950s, there were as many as thirty tailors in the town, which shows
how uncommon ready-made clothes were at that time.
Determiners; Relative – non-defining
14. The ban came as a shock to the villagers, especially those living by the river,
many of whom treated salmon as a kind of
Relative non-defining with comma; pronoun those
15. the jug and drank thirstily as if she hadn’t drunk for days. The cold water
tasted wonderful, much better than wine.
Choice between adverb and adjective
16. and drank thirstily as if she hadn’t drunk for days. The cold water tasted
wonderful, much better than wine.
Conditional – unreal past
17. I haven’t been to this year’s festival, but there can’t have been as many good
films as last year if the jury had to select one based on
Conditional – real past; Modal + PI – strong hypothesis
260
SŁOWNICTWO:
1. rope; 2. stripes; 3. insult; 4. unacceptable;
5. particular; 6. harmless; 7. avoiding; 8. forgetful;
9. unkindly; 10. please; 11. reading; 12. certainty;
13. eastward; 14. jealousy; 15. manufacturers; 16. overcrowding;
17. conclusions; 18. wooded; 19. trademarks; 20. aimlessly;
21. deafening; 22. entirely; 23. increasingly; 24. holiness;
25. leaning; 26. aching; 27. plaster; 28. imprisonment;
29. weeding; 30. sympathetic; 31. numerous; 32. neglect;
33. flattened; 34. otherwise; 35. unsuitability.
CZYTANIE:
1. B; 2. B; 3. A; 4. D; 5. D; 6. B;
7. C; 8. A; 9. C; 10. B; 11. C; 12. A;
13. D; 14. A
TEST LUK:
1. fact; 2. Years; 3. Difference; 4. Home;
5. Getting; 6. The; 7. As; 8. Last;
9. Town; 10. Arguing; 11. See; 12. Advertising;
13. Towards; 14. A; 15. Road; 16. Figure;
17. Looked; 18. But; 19. Two; 20. At;
21. Away; 22. Beside; 23. Because; 24. Had;
25. So; 26. Thing; 27. Only; 28. Had;
29. Which; 30. Hardly.
KULTURA:
1. C; 2. C; 3. A; 4. C; 5. A; 6. D;
7. D; 8. A; 9. B; 10. B; 11. B; 12. A;
13. B; 14. C; 15. D; 16. A; 17. A; 18. C;
19. D; 20. A; 21. B; 22. D; 23. C; 24. B;
25. D; 26. C.
261
GRAMATYKA 1:
1. Tutaj half występuje bez rodzajnika: at half price, at half-time; ale mówimy
three and a half hours, two and a half years old. Z kolei po half używa się
a/an w takich wyrażeniach jak: half a day, half a billion, half a handful, etc.
4. Zaimek which zastępujący całe zdanie nie może być zastąpiony przez that
ani przez what. To ostatnie to typowy błąd polskich uczniów.
9. Po przymiotniku reluctant zawsze używamy bezokolicznika: reluctant to be
seen.
10. Dlaczego nie opcja B? Ponieważ can’t have been jest mocną hipotezą (prawie
pewność), a kontekst sugeruje hipotezę słabą.
12. Wyrażenie but for to spójnik warunku nierzeczywistego, wprowadzającego
równoważnik zdania, np.: But for his illness = if he hadn’t fallen ill.
14. To zdanie ma sens tylko jeśli warunek odczytać jako rzeczywisty: if = since.
16. Kiedy nie wiadomo, czy wybrać make czy do, wskazówką jest to, czy chodzi
o coś materialnego (wtedy make), czy nie. Tutaj wybieramy oczywiście to do
some talking.
GRAMATYKA 2:
1. Dlaczego inwersja? Bowiem only then jest tzw. określeniem ograniczającym
lub negatywnym, takim jak: not until, at no time, seldom, itd., po których,
jeśli stoją na początku zdania, mamy szyk przestawny: Seldom have I seen
such stupidity.
3. Zauważmy, że angielski jest tu bardziej skomplikowany od polskiego:
„zmyleni tym, że...” wymaga dodania the fact: misled by the fact that.
Oczywiście można uprościć: misled by the presence of workers.
5. „Twierdzi się, że on zarabia” – po angielsku jest to ciągle zdanie proste: He
is said to be earning. Forma continuous jest tutaj bardziej naturalna, co jest
związane z tym konkretnym czasownikiem.
7. „Dopóki nie będziesz wiedział” – to można po angielsku wyrazić na dwa
sposoby: Until you know albo as long as you don’t know. Oczywiście w obu
przypadkach nie używamy will, bowiem są to zdania okolicznikowe czasu.
12. Tutaj konieczna jest forma ciągła czasownika – flats that were being searched.
13. Wzmocnienie „aż” wyraża się dla policzalnych jako as many..... as zaś dla
niepoliczalnych jako as much as”. It may have weighed as much as 100 tons.
14. Zaimek względny whom na ogół zastępujemy przez who lub that. The guide
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who/ that we hired lub zaimek zerowy (opuszczenie zaimka) the guide we
hired. Używamy whom w zdaniach uzupełniających, np Pete Wilson, whom
we hired. Użycie whom jest zdecydowanie zalecane po przyimkach, tak jak
tutaj: many of whom.
SŁOWNICTWO:
4. To jest trudne, bo trzeba wpaść na ideę „nie do przyjęcia”
5. Zauważmy, że po polsku byłoby tu „konkretny”.
7. Z kontekstu wynika, że nie chodzi o pokonanie, a o unikanie: avoiding
9. To say the least osłabia znaczenie negatywne – więc nie może być coś tak
mocnego jak: cruelly, badly, wickedly. Unkindly jest w sam raz.
11. „Lektura obowiązkowa” to raczej required reading a nie mandatory czy tym
mniej obligatory
15. Producent to po angielsku manufacturer; zaś ang. producer to, w zależności
od kontekstu, realizator lub nawet reżyser. Czasownik produce najczęściej
nie oznacza wyprodukowania czegoś, np.: He produced a gun – wyciągnął
pistolet; to produce evidence in court znaczy przedstawić dowody w sądzie,
a nie sfabrykować je. To ostatnie to falsify albo doctor.
18. Trudne, bo trzeba wpaść na ideę pokrycia lasem, a nie samymi drzewami.
23. Chodzi o znaczenie more and more – ale jak to powiedzieć jednym słowem?
29. Język jest nieprzewidywalny: plant znaczy sadzić, ale weed wyrywać. Weedy
to zachwaszczony, a o człowieku – cherlawy.
33. Dwa pierwsze czasowniki, jakie przychodzą na myśl to level oraz flatten.
CZYTANIE:
1. Przykład zadania, w którym trzeba dokonać wyboru przez eliminację
opcji nieprawdziwych. Przy A oraz C nie mamy wątpliwości, dokładne
porównanie tego, co tekst mówi o Santa Fe i New Orleans pozwala wykluczyć
opcję D.
2. Kluczowe jest zrozumienie frazy the country’s ... officeholder – chodzi
o najwyższego funkcjonariusza państwowego, ale tylko z Partii Zielonych.
Zatem po wcześniejszym odrzuceniu opcji A i C, odrzucamy także D.
5. Między dwiema opcjami, gdzie mówi się, słusznie: part of the blame,
zamiast: the whole blame wybór jest oczywisty.
8. Pierwsza sugestia to D; ale przecież w trzecim zdaniu jest dancing a jig at the
controls. Więc pozostaje A – between half and full ahead.
9. Wybór C jest najlepszy dzięki użyciu some rocks, a nie the rocks.
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11. Ostatnie zdanie nie jest wprowadzone spójnikiem kontrastu (w rodzaju yet
czy still), zatem słowo pathetic jest podsumowaniem, a nie zaprzeczeniem.
Tylko opcja C ma wydźwięk negatywny. W całym zadaniu ciekawy jest
ciąg słów o zabarwieniu negatywnym, które zaprzeczają wymowie zdania
wprowadzającego: yet, was not, merely, dubious, pathetic.
14. W ostatnim zdaniu fraza thus infantilising… wymaga poprzedzenia
elementem zamierzonego działania. Zatem tylko opcja A.
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ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ
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Test 12
TRANSLATION & USE OF ENGLISH:
Punkty otrzymuje się za fragmenty tłumaczeń wyróżnione tą samą czcionką.
We fragmentach tych nie chodzi o tłumaczenie, które od biedy można by uznać
chodzi o formę najbardziej idiomatyczną i naturalną. Na końcu dochodzi jeden
punkt dodatkowy za bezbłędne przetłumaczenie reszty zdania.
1. No matter how much the taxpayer has to pay for it in the end, true
multiculturalists will always be for allowing Latvians or Kurds to take their
driving tests in Latvian and Kurdish instead of expecting them to have
mastered some basic English before doing so.
TIME CLAUSE + proper names + perfect infinitive
2. At times, her storytelling could be better. Her strength as a novelist lies in

her imagination and the fact that what she is truly interested in is how what one
person does affects another person’s feelings.
NOUN CLAUSES
3. The research does show the nature of [0] children’s fear of dark to have been
changing in the last two decades or so. The traditional monster under the bed
is being replaced by ready-made images imprinted on [0] children’s minds
from/ by/ television, cinema and computer games.
Perfect Infinitive + Articles
4. I’m fairly sure that the new regulation will be welcomed even by those motorists
who, like myself, have had their cars towed away and have had to pay a £50 fine.
VERB PATTERN
5. The countries participating in the conference agreed to set up a fund of

200 million dollars, two thirds of which was to be contributed by the US, which is
said to be responsible for over 60 per cent of the pollution. But for [0] EU
leaders, this was too little and too late.
RELATIVE non-defining (with commas) + SINGULAR + [0] ARTICLE
6. Only when national newspapers started writing about it, did I remember
Uncle Arthur saying that half of the vases in the Canton(ese) room must be
Prussian replicas. I did not ask him about any details, which was thoughtless
on my part.
INVERSION + (no) Sequence of Tenses
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KLUCZ ODPOWIEDZI Z KOMENTARZEM - ETAP CENTRALNY – FINAŁ TEST nr 12
7. Dr Sirihan can hardly be called a realist. He is the kind of [0] leader who, were
there to be a discrepancy between the India he was in and the India that was
in his mind, would without hesitation decide for the latter.
ARTICLES + the latter
8. After Fischer’s affair we must have no doubts that it is the Greens and not
their opponents that/ who/ are now the Establishment. As such, they are
accustomed to doing the criticising and not to being criticised themselves.
emphatic it is + verb pattern - gerund
9. In the hours before its final descent, the Center will alter the satellite’s orbit
so that it won’t find itself over some populated areas when it burns up in the
atmosphere.
CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
10. Over the past three decades millions of peasants have migrated to coastal
towns and new cities like Shenzen have sprung up [in what/ where] [were/
had once been/] rice fields. No wonder that a new generation of artists,
the migrants’ children, are focusing on the cityscape. What they see is the
opposite of harmony: concrete sprawls filled with factories, skyscrapers and
shanties.
PERFECT + PAST + PROGRESSIVE
READING:
1. D; 2. B; 3. A; 4. D; 5. B; 6. A;
7. C; 8. A; 9. D; 10. B; 11. A; 12. C;
13. B; 14. C.
VOCABULARY:
1. guidance; 2. afloat; 3. adultery; 4. sensitively;
5. stricter; 6. gales; 7. onlookers; 8. delinquents;
9. slaughter; 10. awaiting; 11. issued; 12. admissions;
13. appointee; 14. severe; 15. thoroughly; 16. removing;
17. remains; 18. aftermath; 19. temple; 20. bearing;
21. vanished; 22. warmth; 23. sentence; 24. foreseeable;
25. asset; 26. controls; 27. significance; 28. subjected;
29. intestinal; 30. overlooking; 31. bruises.
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CZYTANIE I PISANIE
Każde słowo nie wpisane albo wpisane z błędem odlicza się od maksymalnej licz-
by punktów do uzyskania za ten test.
Bareheaded, in a thin shirt and drawers, he felt the lingering warmth of the
fine sand under the soles of his feet. The narrow strand gleamed far ahead in a
long curve, defining the outline of this wild side of the harbour. He flitted along
the shore like a pursued shadow between the sombre palm-groves and the
sheet of water lying as still as death on his right hand. He strode
with headlong haste in the silence and solitude as though he had

forgotten all prudence and caution. But he knew that on this side of the
water he ran no risk of discovery. The only inhabitant was a
lonely, silent, apathetic Indian in charge of the palmarias, who brought
sometimes a load of cocoanuts to the town for sale. He lived without
a woman in an open shed, with a perpetual fire of dry sticks
smouldering near an old canoe lying bottom up on the beach. He could
be easily avoided.
The barking of the dogs about that man’s ranche was the first thing that
checked his speed. He had forgotten the dogs. He swerved sharply,
and plunged into the palm-grove, as into a wilderness of columns in an
immense hall, whose dense obscurity seemed to whisper and rustle
faintly high above his head. He traversed it, entered a ravine, climbed to
the top of a steep ridge free of trees and bushes.
From there, open and vague in the starlight, he saw the plain between the
town and the harbour. In the woods above some night-bird made a strange
drumming noise. Below beyond the palmaria on the beach, the Indian’s
dogs continued to bark uproariously. He wondered what had upset
them so much, and, peering down from his elevation, was surprised to
detect unaccountable movements of the ground below, as if several oblong
pieces of the plain had been in motion. Those dark, shifting patches,
alternately catching and eluding the eye, altered their place always
away from the harbour, with a suggestion of consecutive order and
purpose. A light dawned upon him. It was a column of infantry on a night
march towards the higher broken country at the foot of the hills. But he
was too much in the dark about everything for wonder and speculation.
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The plain had resumed its shadowy immobility. He descended the ridge
and found himself in the open solitude, between the harbour and the town.
Its spaciousness, extended indefinitely by an effect of obscurity, rendered
more sensible his profound isolation. His pace became slower. No one waited
for him; no one expected or wished his return.
Finaliści olimpiady zdali już z powodzeniem dwa trudne testy gramatyczne i pod
wieloma względami są na poziomie zbliżonym do rodzimych użytkowników ję-
zyka. Zatem w finale testowane są kwestie dość szczegółowe, a ponadto dotyczące
często bardziej leksyki niż gramatyki. To jest zgodne z prawidłowością, iż w mia-
rę opanowywania języka coraz ważniejsze staje się zapamiętywanie nowych słów
i kolokacji.
1. Spójnik no matter what/ how much/ where, etc. funkcjonuje z czasem
teraźniejszym zamiast przyszłego – tak jak when, czy as soon as. Np.: no
matter what happens...
- Po polsku mamy tylko bezokolicznik czynny i bierny, ale nie rozróżniamy
czasów – inaczej niż po angielsku, por. bezokoliczniki użyte po seem:
She seems to think we are late. She seems to be thinking about calling a taxi.
She seems to have thought it would be less time-consuming.
3. Dla oznaczenia CAŁEJ kategorii osób czy przedmiotów używa się albo tzw.
rodzajnika zerowego przed liczbą mnogą, np.: Children are natural artists;
albo the przed liczbą pojedynczą: The child is a natural artist.
4. Przykład zastąpienia formy bezosobowej „odholowano” strukturą z have
jako czasownikiem sprawczym had it towed.
5. Zarówno the USA jak i the UN to rzeczowniki w liczbie pojedynczej. The
UN is an international organization.
7. Pamiętajmy, że po kind of i sort of lepiej nie używać rodzajnika: a kind of
tool.
– Tam gdzie zdanie względne wprowadza jakieś ograniczenie dla nazwy
własnej, używamy tylko the, w żadnym wypadku this, np: To Chicago, które
znamy z filmów gangsterskich... The Chicago that we know...
– Kiedy tłumaczymy na polski, tych wyrażeń nie tłumaczymy dosłownie,
np: I don’t agree with the kind of advice they... – Nie zgadzam się z takimi
radami, które...
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8. Po It is użytym dla wzmocnienia czy zwrócenia uwagi rzeczownik może być

w liczbie mnogiej: It is the Russians who....
10. Dlaczego are focusing a nie focus? Chodzi tu o podkreślenie teraźniejszości
tego procesu – coś, co się właśnie dokonuje. Użycie focus nie byłoby błędem,
ale progressive brzmi lepiej.
VOCABULARY:
W porównaniu z poprzednimi etapami, wzrasta liczba zadań, które wymagają
znajomości kolokacji, czyli połaczeń między wyrazami.
1. Pierwsze, co się nasuwa to counseling – ale skoro nie, to synonim.
2. Przyrostek a- może mieć kilka źródeł; najczęściej pochodzi od
staroangielskiego an – porównaj: asleep, abroad, afoot.
5. Inaczej niż polskie „przepisy” regulation to słowo niepoliczalne .
7. Spectators albo audience może zakładać celową obecnośc; onlookers są
przypadkowi.
8. Typowa kolokacja to juvenile offender – jeśli nie to delinquent.
10. Po await następuje rzeczownik bez for, które musi pojawić się po wait.
Można powiedzieć we waited until... albo we waited to be... Po await tylko to
ostatnie.
13. Appointments nie pasuje pod względem liczby liter – wobec tego appointees.
20. Najbardziej prawdopodobne featuring nie pasuje – więc bearing.
25. Sporo możliwości przychodzi do głowy: benefit, advantage, strength
– wreszcie jest: asset.
26. Steering wheel jest w liczbie pojedynczej a controls zawsze w liczbie mnogiej.
29. Na tym poziomie wymaga się znajomość podstawowych terminów
medycznych.
READING
1. Wyboru trzeba dokonać między C i D. Dokładniejsze wczytanie się
wyklucza senior employees – bo age-based odnosi się do opisu Japonii, a nie
tego programu.
3. Gdyby w opcji D zastąpić ideologically słowem logically, byłoby to zgodne
z tekstem. Ale bez tego pozostaje opcja A.
4. Opcję A unieważnia generalizacja on the whole. Zaś ze słowem failure nie
zgadza się czasownik bother z opcji C.
5. Opcja D jest zbyt kategoryczna, byłaby dobra, gdyby dodać partially.
Pozostaje B, zwłaszcza, iż can wskazuje na mozliwość potencjalną.
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*****
9. W opcji D would ma oczywiście znaczenie used to.
12. Natywny czytelnik tekstów w educated English musi oczywiście wiedzieć, co
to jest Bell Curve.
14. Tekst jest zbudowany na kontraście między spojrzeniem historycznym i
bieżącym. Wskazują na to słowa but, yet, in either case. Tylko wybór C jest
w wyraźnej opozycji do poprzedzającego zdania.
CZYTANIE I PISANIE
Ten test opiera się na założeniu, że im lepiej znamy język, tym łatwiej potrafimy
odtworzyć usunięte z tekstu elementy. Ważną bowiem cechą każdego tekstu w
każdym języku jest obecny w nim nadmiar informacji, co widać na przykładzie
prostego zdania:
Elizab__ alway_ think_ abou_ h__ child___.
Nawet średnio zaawansowany uczeń nie miałby problemu z odtworzeniem
wykreślonych elementów stanowiących tu zatem nadmiar informacji.
Oczywiście w teście olimpijskim wykreślenia dotyczą znacznie większej części
tekstów o odpowiednim stopniu trudności.
Na pierwszy rzut oka ten test może się wydawać obezwładniająco trudny. Jest
to jednak wrażenie błędne. Należy zacząć od przeczytania całości – zwłaszcza
na początku i końcu (we fragmentach bez wykreśleń). Następnie uzupełnia-
my słowa oczywiste – w pierwszym zdaniu: in, as though, had – tu oczywiście
niemożliwe jest has, ponieważ tekst jest narracją w czasie przeszłym. Po ich
wpisaniu okaże się, że kolejne słowa stają się znacznie łatwiejsze.
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Test 13
1. Were it not/Had it not been/ for the music, we might have forgotten we were in the
Middle East . Most of the guests were Americans whose companies had sent
them there on business, or British engineers involved in some irrigation
project and hardly any language but English could be heard in the lounge.
UNREAL COND / INVERSION + SEQ OF TENSES & PROPER NAME + negative hardly
2. We cannot anticipate when and if we will have job vacancies, but when a
position does open up , this will be advertised in area newspapers and the
requirements will be outlined on our website.
OBJECT CLAUSE + EMPHATIC DO
3. As the cage with the bear was being lowered to the ground, the beast somehow
managed to pull the latch back, which, once on the ground, would allow it
to push the door open. Of course the lowering was stopped immediately
and a platform truck had to be brought in again.
PROGRESSIVE + RELATIVE WHICH (comma) + ARTICLE
4. In those days you could still go into the bank, produce a paper pound and
ask for a pound’s worth of gold. Provided that not everyone tried to exchange
their paper money for gold at the same time, the banks were safe, even
though/if/ no more than an eighth of the paper money was backed by
gold.
GENITIVE + CONDITIONAL + CONJUNCTION & FRACTION
5. Of course it’s all supersecret, but there are thought to have been between ten
and twenty successful flights of the aircraft before Monday’s crash. The high
security that surrounds its site is to prevent even bits of information about
the plane /from/ falling into the wrong hands.
THERE & PERF INF + ARTICLE
6. No matter whose witness you are, you must never ignore the judge’s orders.
So when a lawyer objects to the question you have been asked, don’t start to answer
unless the judge has authorized /authorizes/ you to do so.
RELATIVE (no comma) + conditional & substitute so
7. Jim Tracy, the camp’s physician and a GP experienced in diabetes, said the
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three-week camp is just long enough for the children to develop good habits they
can take home with them.
VERB PATTERN
8. His landscapes from the Munich period revealed a peculiar style that, in some
critics’ opinions, was like his father’s or even his grandfather’s, although
in my view was neither.
ARTICLE & NOUN + GENITIVE + PRONOUN
9. The offers must reach us no later than the end of May so that we will have
enough time to consider them, check the numbers provided and make
appointments with those that will be selected for the final round of
negotiations.
CLAUSE OF PURPOSE + position of participle
READING:
1. B; 2. D; 3. B; 4. C; 5. D; 6. C;
7. D; 8. D; 9. A; 10. B; 11. B; 12. C;
13. A; 14. A.
VOCABULARY:
1. junk; 2. bumpy; 3. crops; 4. tortoises;
5. renamed; 6. populated; 7. lighten; 8. checkpoints;
9. storage; 10. glimpse; 11. impartiality; 12. maternity;
13. abridged; 14. shattered; 15. temporarily; 16. appropriately;
17. befriended; 18. dignity; 19. commonplace; 20. forgery;
21. yardstick; 22. elder; 23. penniless; 24. velocity;
25. fabulously; 26. heartbeat; 27. mourners; 28. ophthalmology;
29. purity; 30. salaried; 31. soundproof.
CZYTANIE I PISANIE:
Late one brilliant April afternoon Professor Lucius Wilson stood at the head
of Chestnut Street, looking about him with the pleased air of a man of taste
who does not very often get to Boston. He had lived there as a student, but
for twenty years and more, since he had been Professor of Philosophy in a
Western university, he had seldom come East except to take a
steamer for some foreign port. Wilson
was standing quite still, contemplating with a whimsical smile the
slanting street, with its worn paving, its irregular, gravely colored
houses, and the row of naked trees on which the thin sunlight was still
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shining. The gleam of the river at the foot of the hill made him blink a little,
not so much because it was too bright as because he found it so pleasant.
The few passers-by glanced at him unconcernedly, and even the children
who hurried along with their school-bags under their arms seemed to find
it perfectly natural that a tall brown gentleman should be standing there,
looking up through his glasses at the gray housetops.
The sun sank rapidly; the silvery light had faded from the bare boughs and
the watery twilight was setting in when Wilson at last walked down the hill,
descending into cooler and cooler depths of grayish shadow. His nostril, long
unused to it, was quick to detect the smell of wood smoke in the air,
blended with the odor of moist spring earth and the saltiness that came up
the river with the tide. He crossed Charles Street between jangling street cars
and shelving lumber drays, and after a moment of uncertainty wound
into Brimmer Street. The street was quiet, deserted, and hung with a thin
bluish haze.
He had already fixed his sharp eye upon the house which he reasoned
should be his objective point, when he noticed a woman
approaching rapidly from the opposite direction. Always an interested
observer of women, Wilson would have slackened his pace anywhere to
follow this one with his impersonal, appreciative glance. She was
a person of distinction he saw at once, and, moreover, very handsome. She
was tall, carried her beautiful head proudly, and moved with ease and
certainty. One immediately took for granted the costly privileges and fine
spaces that must lie in the background from which such a figure could
emerge with this rapid and elegant gait. Wilson noted her dress, too,--for, in
his way, he had an eye for such things,--particularly her brown furs and her
hat. He got a blurred impression of her fine color, the violets she wore, her
white gloves, and, curiously enough, of her veil, as she turned up a flight of
steps in front of him and disappeared.
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1. W takim zdaniu najbardziej naturalne jest wyrażenie warunku nierealnego
przez inwersję, a nie przez zdanie z if. Lepszy jest Past Perfect, ale were it not
też może być.
- w zależności od kontekstu możemy wybrać albo almost no albo hardly any;
tutaj to drugie.
2. Zdanie zaczyna się od niepewności co do realności wakatu, zatem mówienie
o nim w drugiej części zdania wymaga emfazy – wyrażanej przez posiłkowy
does.
3. Typowy przykład obowiązkowego połączenia passive i progressive, który
Polacy często w takich przypadkach pomijają. Oczywiście czym innym jest
użycie formy progressive czasownika be, np. dla wyrażenia intencji: She was
being cooperative.
4. Można powiedzieć albo worth a hundred pounds albo a hundred pounds’
worth of. Użycie dopełniacza saksońskiego jest trochę nietypowe, por.: a ten-
day trip; albo jak w piosence Eltona Johna „Eight hundred dollar shoes”
5. Formy bezosobowe w rodzaju „uważa się, mówi się” to po przetłumaczeniu
zawsze strona bierna. Tutaj z przykładem bezokolicznika dokonanego
– czyli przeszłego: there are thought to have been.
- The wrong way, the wrong time, the wrong address – może się to wydawac
nielogiczne, ale używamy the.
7. Konstrukcje z bezokolicznikiem są po angielsku zdaniami prostymi.
Oczywiście w tłumaczeniu pojawiają się zdania złożone. It is really
something wonderful for her to have been the 50000th baby born here. To są
słowa rodziców dziewczynki urodzonej w 2010 w szpitalu w Betlejem. A
jak to będzie po polsku?
9. Imiesłów stojący za rzeczownikiem zastępuje zdanie względne, np: most of
the flowers [that were ] planted were red.
VOCABULARY:
4. Polski żółw ma w angielskim dwa słowa – turtle lub tortoise. Znajomość
tego typu słownictwa obowiązuje na poziomie educated English. Zatem
także na olimpiadzie.
7. Nie pasują dye, colour, darken – wreszcie jest: lighten. Dziewczyny, które
wiedzą, jak działa kwasek cytrynowy mają tu łatwiej.
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8. Odwiedzając Berlin nie można nie obejrzeć checkpoint Charlie – w okresie

komunizmu bramy do Wolnego Świata.
13. Synonimy shortened, abbreviated nie pasują – pozostaje abridged.
19. Ten dziwny przymiotnik jest po prostu tłumaczeniem z łaciny – locus
communis.
21. To jest trudne – nie pasują criterion, measure, standard. Zostaje yardstick
– dosłownie „kijek długosci yardu”
24. Terminy używane w nauce pochodzą często z łaciny i mają swoje
odpowiedniki wśród słów pochodzących z języków germańskich.
Oto przykłady: altitude – height, magnitude – greatness, extent – width,
velocity – speed.
26. Większość terminów medycznych to słowa łacińskie, np: inflammation,
pneumonia, czy diabetes. Ale heartbeat to słowo germańskie – inaczej niż
pulse.
27. Mourner to żałobnik, czyli uczestnik pogrzebu. Jest także słowo weeper
– płaczka opłacana za udział w pogrzebie. Ciekawe, że angielski nie ma
osobnego słowa „weselnik”.
28. Trudna pisownia – ophthalmology. Okulary przepisuje nam nie
ophthalmologist, ale optician lub w USA – optometrist.
30. Po polsku można powiedzieć o „pensjach robotników”. Po angielsku
różnica między salary a wage jest bardzo ścisła. Ciekawostką jest, że salary
jest spokrewnione ze słowem „sól” – była to suma wypłacana rzymskim
żołnierzom na zakup soli.
Oto przykłady kolokacji – słów automatycznie łączących się ze sobą: junk
mail, caught a glimpse, 15 years her elder, fabulously wealthy.
READING:
1. Kluczem jest zrozumienie frazy in perpetuity – łacina pomaga, por.
perpetuum mobile.
3. Tekst stwierdza wyraźnie, że koniecznym elementem metafory jest obraz
– co zgodne jest z opcją B.
4. Narzuca się wybór między B i C. Jednak tekst koncentruje się nie na
rzeczywistych efektach kształcenia nauczycieli, a na błędach samej
pedagogiki – zatem C. Oczywiście znajomość słowa cavalier = nonszalancki
ułatwia dokonanie wyboru.
6. Po eliminacji opcji D oraz A pozostaje wybór między B i C. Skoro tekst nie
wspomina nic o estetyce, to pozostaje C.
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8. Tylko opcje C i D maja sens. Znacznie lepsza jest D bo zawiera opis użytych
narzędzi.
9. Opcja A stanowi zgrabne wprowadzenie do następującej po niej
argumentacji.
11. Należy sobie uświadomić, że leathery sugeruje skórę wyprawioną i służącą
jako okrycie zewnętrzne, jak w płaszczu czy walizce. Słowo to podkreśla
więc kontrast między vulnerability a strength.
12. Nawet widząc po raz pierwszy słowo debar – prohibit, łatwo się domyślić,
że musi być wariantem znacznie częstszego bar. Wtedy opcja C nie ulega
wątpliwości.
13. Po eliminacji opcji B i C, lepiej pasuje and niż because, ponieważ opisywana
mentalność wynika z pochodzenia, a nie jest kwestią świadomego wyboru.
14. Tylko A zgodne jest z pozytywnym w tym kontekście wydźwiękiem słowa
battle.
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Test 14
1. The 15th reunion of the class of 1980 was attended by about two thirds of
the graduates, surprisingly few of whom had maintained any contacts with one
another before the event.
RELATIVE PRONOUN
2. When asked about his current activities, Harry smiles shyly and explains
that his job is to find out who is selling what to whom and for how much. “Call it
commercial intelligence, if you wish”
ORDER OF PRONOUNS
3. If Europe and America removed their duties on food, Africa alone would
benefit from a $70 billion growth in income, which is more or less five
times what the continent receives in debt relief.
ADJECTIVE POSITION + NOMINAL RELATIVE
4. The leaders of both communities, who were gathered shortly after the first
riot, agreed that the situation was serious and that nothing must be done or
said that might increase the tension. /If they/Had they stuck to their own
words, we would be in a totally different situation now.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES + UNREAL CONDITION
5. Judging by the current reviews in the media, the critics seem hardly to have
noticed two movies that/which were most successful with the public last season.
PERFECT INFINITIVE & DEFINING RELATIVE
6. Knowing what percentage of tourists last year would choose / chose/ which
hotels and for what reasons can be helpful in planning.
DETERMINERS
7. Don’t be too upset when things don’t go as planned. Take it as a challenge

and try to learn from it, so that you won’t make the same mistake in the future.
CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
8. I like to watch all those liberal politicians and media gurus basking in
TV glow and completely unaware that they’re being made fools of. That’s the
funniest part of the show.
PASSIVE PROGRESSIVE
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9. Unfortunately, my body passed through the window only as far as my hips,

which left me stuck half in and half out. Because the half of me that was
inside the house was heavier than that waiting to come in, I was hanging
upside-down.
ADVERBIAL &NON-DEFINING RELATIVE + PRONOUN
10. The policy of a low taxation of water companies may explain why the average
Canadian uses 350 litres of water a day, nearly twice as much as we do in the
European Union.
DEFINITE ARTICLE + COMPARATIVE
11. It’s not an easy task to leave family and friends and move to a foreign
country, especially one in which people speak a different language. If it
weren’t so, some parts of this country would have depopulated long ago.
And if nothing of the kind has happened yet, there must be a reason.
PRONOUN + CONDITIONAL (unreal & real)
12. Although the ponds in wetlands are warmer than the fast moving rivers
salmon thrive in, they are often cool enough for salmon to rest in during their
migrations.
CAUSATIVE FOR
READING:
1. A; 2. A; 3. B; 4. C; 5. C; 6. D;
7. B; 8. D; 9. A; 10. C; 11. D; 12. C;
13. B; 14. D.
VOCABULARY:
1. burgled; 2. contempt; 3. undesirable; 4. incentive;
5. trial; 6. spatial; 7. adolescents; 8. reviewers;
9. nudity; 10. maintenance; 11. lessened; 12. misfortune;
13. scapegoat; 14. disproportionate; 15. characters; 16. genuinely;
17. further; 18. simplistic; 19. thickened; 20. score;
21. violation; 22. peculiarity; 23. precisely; 24. encounter;
25. insane; 26. barbed; 27. heredity; 28. littered;
29. offspring; 30. pushups.
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CZYTANIE i PISANIE:
The bronze doors slid apart, and Krogh was in the circular courtyard. Krogh was
surrounded by Krogh’s. The cold clear afternoon sky roofed in the cube of glass and
steel. The whole lower floors one room deep were exposed to him; he could see the
accountants working on the ground floor, the glass flashing primrose
before the electric fires. He noticed at once that the fountain was
completed; the green shape worried him as he was not often worried;
it accused him of cowardice. He had pandered to a fashion he did not
understand; he would have much preferred to set in the fountain a marble
goddess, a naked child, a nymph with concealing hands. He paused to examine
the stone; no instinct told him whether it was good art or bad art; he did not
understand. He was uneasy, but did not show his uneasiness. His high bald
face, like a roll of newspaper, showed at a distance only bold headlines; the
smaller type, the little subtleties, obscure fears, were invisible.
He grew aware of being observed; he was watched through the glass by an
accountant over his machine, by a director from his chromium balcony, by
a waitress drawing the black leather blinds in the staff restaurant. The day
faded quickly above his head, the lights began to go on behind the curved glass
walls while he dallied beside the green statuary.
Krogh mounted the steel steps to the double doors of Krogh’s. When his foot
touched the top step, the doors swung open. He bent going in; it was
a habit he had never broken; six feet two in height with a flat aggressive back,
he had been forced for years to bow in the doorway of his bed-sitting-room,
his small flat, his first works. Waiting for the lift he tried to dismiss
the statuary from mind.
The lift was unattended; Krogh liked to be alone. He was enclosed now by a
double thickness of glass, the glass wall of the lift, the glass wall of the
building; the office, like an untrustworthy man, emphasized its transparency.
Moving slowly and silently upwards to the top floor, Krogh could still
see the fountain; it receded, grew smaller, flattened out; as the concealed
lighting went on all round the court, the brutal shape cast a delicate shadow,
like a drawing on porcelain on the circular polished paving. He thought,
I am neglecting something, with obscure regret.
He entered his room and closed the door; the papers he had demanded were stacked
neatly on a desk which was curved to follow the shape of the glass wall. he could see
the reflection of the log fire in the window; a log shifted and fell and a spray of pale
heatless sparks rose up the glass.
280
1. Po few of jedyny możliwy wybór to najbardziej formalna postać zaimka
– tylko whom.
3. Znana fraza z Ewangelii „nie samym chlebem” – not by bread alone. W
tłumaczeniu trzeba czasem dodać „tylko”, np.: Africa alone – sama tylko
Afryka.
- Najprościej jest powiedzieć five times what they get. Inna możliwość to five
times as much as they get.
4. Przy relacjonowaniu zakazu z przeszłości must pozostaje niezmienione: The
mayor said we must stay calm.
5. Zdanie względne w typowej funkcji identyfikowania – bez przecinka: movies
that were...
6. Użycie pytajnika which sugeruje wybór z ograniczonej i znanej liczby. What
dotyczy preferencji w ogóle. Na ogół zgadza się to z polskim rozróżnieniem
który/ jaki. Pamiętajmy, że which przy ograniczonym wyborze może odnosić
się do osób: Which /one/ spoke first?
8. Przykład obowiązkowego użycia passive progressive. Fraza: suddenly realized
I was being watched ma kilkadziesiąt tysięcy przykładów w google’u a fraza
suddenly realized I was watched ani jednego.
10. Intuicyjnie skłaniamy się ku an average – ale znacznie lepiej jest the average
Canadian. Tam gdzie kategoryzujemy albo używamy rodzajnika zerowego z
liczbą mnogą, albo the z liczbą pojedynczą.
12. Przykład użycia for przed konstrukcją z bezokolicznikiem. Lepiej, żeby się
swobodnie czuła – It’s better for her to feel at ease.
VOCABULARY:
3. Nie pasuje unwanted ani unwelcome – trzeba szukać dalej. Wreszcie jest –
undesirable; w przeciwieństwie do tamtych, słowo pochodzące z francuskiej
części leksyki.
4. Skoro nie encouragement to tylko incentive.
5. Dwie pisownie – spatial lub spacial – ale ta sama wymowa z /ei/ od space.
8. Trudne, bo trzeba wpaść na to, że chodzi o recenzentów – reviewers.
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9. Mężczyźni są, jak wiadomo, wzrokowcami – stąd reagują na nudity. Słowo

titillate pochodzi z łaciny, gdzie znaczy tickle.
11. Jeszcze jeden przykład podwójności angielskiej leksyki – germańskie lessen
i romańskie reduce. Lessen jest zarówno intransitive jak transitive: The pain
lessened. This lessened the pain. Reduce przede wszystkim transitive. This
reduced the pain.
13. Słowo scapegoat jest sztucznie utworzone jako tłumaczenie pojęcia
biblijnego.
15. Postać sceniczna to oczywiście character.
16. Nie pasuje ani authentically ani truly. Słowo genuine(ly) bywa niezauważone
przez uczących się – zapewne dlatego, że każdy zna słowo true.
22. Szukamy słowa będącego przeciwieństwem ordinary – stąd peculiarity.
29. Offspring jest w liczbie mnogiej, ale bez końcówki s. Its offspring are... Por.
polskie „latorośle”.
Oto przykłady kolokacji – słów automatycznie łączących się ze sobą: contempt of
court, the plot thickened, keep the score, a face-to-face encounter, declared insane,
barbed wire, do pushups.
READING:
W pierwszym tekście jest mowa o różnych punktach widzenia – należy więc
zwrócić uwagę na to, że w punkcie 1 mowa jest o opinii Rzymian, w punktach 2 i
4 opinii samego autora, zaś w punkcie 3 o polityce we współczesnej Europie.
2. Opcja D jest, być może, zgodna z przekonaniami autora, jednak w tekście
nie jest tak kategorycznie sformułowana; zatem pozostaje A
3. Opcja A jest zgodna z przekonaniami autora, ale nie z głównym nurtem
współczesnej polityki europejskiej. Opcja B odwrotnie – czyli to ją należy
wybrać.
4. Dla wyboru opcji C kluczowe jest stwierdzenie: absent convictions, there is
no tolerance – bez przekonań, nie ma tolerancji.
W drugim tekście nastąpiło odwrócenie kolejności zadań – cały drugi
akapit jest poświęcony obyczajowości małżeńskiej, co jest przedmiotem
pierwszego z zadań.
5. Po łatwym odrzuceniu opcji A i B, wykluczamy także D – ponieważ
tekst mówi aprobująco o odmienności Sikhów; zatem zostaje C, co może
szokować czytelnika.
6. Kluczem jest wyrażenie gaol fodder; gaol to brytyjska tradycyjna pisownia
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jail (wymowa taka sama) – ślad po tym, że francuski Normanów najdłużej

utrzymywał się w sądownictwie; zaś fodder to „pasza” – cannon fodder to
„mięso armatnie”. Gdy to wiemy, wybór D jest łatwy.
7. Po wstępnej eliminacji pozostaje A lub B – wybieramy B, zwłaszcza iż
Sikhowie zachowują (mimo zintegrowania się) swą odrębność.
******
10. Tylko C pasuje do przesłania tekstu, że relacje damsko-męskie nie są

bynajmniej czymś łatwym.
12. Trolley dolly to oczywiście stewardessa rozwożąca wózek z jedzeniem i
napojami. Oczywiście dolly nie jest określeniem zbyt uprzejmym – polskie
„laleczka” też nie.
14. Tylko opcja D kontynuuje myśl o tym, że leworęczność może być
niewygodna – enough to maintain a certain proportion, etc. Kluczowe są
słowa: balancing the costs.
283
Test 15
1. You know what they say about Susan Hart: that she could read the
dictionary or the phone directory with that angelic voice of hers and people
would queue to listen to her.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
2. It’s true that Grace was an only child but she wasn’t in the least spoiled and a
lot of people had a hard time believing she didn’t have a brother or sister.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE Nie uznajemy the only
3. A solution that will be equally satisfactory to both parties may or may not
exist. In either case, a deal must be reached no later than next week.
DETERMINER
4. Tina’s room, which used to be her brother’s before he became a sailor, was
wallpapered with photograps clipped from old catalogues and National
Geographics from the 1950s and 1960s.
PLURAL NOUN
5. For a Jewish person to live under a false name in the heart of Nazi Germany
was no easy matter — and Judith wouldn’t have survived but for / had it not
been for the heroism of individual Germans who risked their own lives to
hide her true identity.
CONDITIONAL unreal
6. She felt more or less settled in Copenhagen, when she met Daniel, a would-
be playwright, half-Georgian and half-Dane, who was later to become her
lifelong partner and secretary.
BE TO & NOUNS
7. Both ladies, residents of Perth in Scotland, who, before telling their story,
swore to have taken only tea, apparently saw a strange, fast-moving object in
the sky that definitely was not an aircraft.
Past + Perf Infinitive nie uznajemy were swearing
284
8. The experts called for much tighter supervision of the sowing, harvesting
and storage of the narcotic crops that are being grown for the needs of
pharmaceutical companies.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
9. Contrary to the popularly held opinion, studies show that women in their
early 50s often feel satisfaction at having successfully raised their children to
adulthood.
PERFECT GERUND
10. I am British (and) married to an Indian citizen. If my wife gives birth in India,
does my child have the right to British citizenship or will s/he be made to
have Indian citizenship?
IDIOM
11. In the 11th century, England was ruled for a time by the kings of Denmark
and Norway. The Scandinavian influence on the language was strongest in
the north and lasted for a full 600 years.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
12. although English seems to have been adopted by the settlers fairly early on
PERFECT INFINITIVE
13. The pilot of the Cessna failed to react when approached by military aircraft.
Only when the Cessna was about a minute’s flying time from the White House
did the pilot turn around.
DETERMINER
14. Fred’s beard and glasses may make him look serious and scholarly, but in
fact he’s six months my junior as my birthday is in May and his in November.
IDIOM nie uznajemy I have my birthday
15. It was rather noisy in the lobby, and anyway my spoken Farsi was not good
enough for me to have understood what the girls were talking about. Not that I
was so interested.
FOR + OBJ + PERF INF
READING:
1. C; 2. B; 3. A; 4. D; 5. A; 6. C;
7. D; 8. A; 9. B; 10. B; 11. A; 12. D;
13. C.
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VOCABULARY:
1. still; 2. bitter; 3. livelihood; 4. athletes;
5. screenplay; 6. deliberate; 7. unveiled; 8. given;
9. disgraced; 10. looting; 11. bogus; 12. diapers;
13. headfirst; 14. encounter; 15. survivors; 16. plight;
17. rosary; 18. roughly; 19. notice; 20. sovereignty;
21. coincided; 22. exemplified; 23. evildoers; 24. imperfections;
25. frustrated; 26. jaundice; 27. muzzle; 28. outlawed;
29. thriving; 30. withdrawal.
CZYTANIE i PISANIE:
The street he finally followed ran for about two hundred yards before open spaces
began to appear, and once that happened the built-up outskirts quickly came to
an end. First there was an untenanted stretch, then a waste-tip where men were
forking rubbish, then another shortish gap of empty scrub and the lock-up beyond.
The road ran absolutely level and in line with the rock face from the rim of
which they had looked down. Forrester slowed and opened both windows. He
wished to God there was someone else in the vicinity. He was almost
there now. A shallow ditch lay between road and wall, and the wall was
sandstone, massive, about eighteen feet high. With a slight shock he then
saw a uniformed man sitting on a chair in a bar of shade cast by the arch
over the main gate – he had not spotted him from above. The man yawned,
eyeing him with boredom. With an effort Forrester lifted a hand in casual
greeting, which was acknowledged. As he drew level, the road split to
turn across a culvert towards the gate. Iron-frame doors, wood planking,
criss-crossed bands of studded iron strip, each door about eighteen feet high
by ten wide – and already he was almost past. Two hinges on the pillars?
He couldn’t tell and he couldn’t look back.
Christ, what a way to make a survey.
He held his near crawl, gazing about him as befitted a visitor’s
curiosity. At the turning circle he stopped and got out, stared blindly
over the viewing balustrade with affected casualness. He could hear the
snarl of the bulldozer inside the wall.
After what he hoped seemed long enough for the man on the chair, he
went back to the car and started on the return. And then he had an
immense stroke of luck. He was halfway to the gate when they began to be
opened from the inside; the man on duty rose to his feet and helped swing
the door outwards. A dark saloon was nosing through. Forrester slowed,
ostensibly to let it precede him, but his eyes were elsewhere. Three hinges,
bolted into recess behind the sandstone pillars; he could see them
perfectly. Strap hinges, the tapering straps reaching perhaps two feet across
286
the wood. And the door was, say, five inches thick, eight to nine hundred pounds
weight – guesswork again, but good enough, of no great importance.
The saloon passed over the culvert and turned ahead of the Fiat with a gesture of
acknowledgment from its driver. The temptation was to accelerate in its wake, but
Forrester continued with the needle on the thirty-kilometre mark until he was past
the waste-tip and the and the road had become an urban street again.
1. Angielski i polski mają tu dość podobne wyrażenia: ten twój nowy
chłopak – that new boyfriend of yours.
2. Dość podchwytliwe, bo the only jest często używanym określeniem
– the only ferry in service. Jednak tutaj only jest częścią child. W
takim przypadku możliwe jest nawet nieco dziwaczne zdanie I grew
up the only only son in a family of 5 children. Nie mówiąc o całkiem
normalnym: the only only child in our big family.
3. Kolejny podchwytliwy punkt: either można tłumaczyć „każdy”, a
czasem „albo jeden, albo drugi”.
6. W finale olimpiady należy oczywiście znać angielskie nazwy
geograficzne. W przypadku Denmark, Danish i Dane warto pamiętać
o różnicach w pisowni i wymowie.
9. Inaczej niz bezokoliczniki, czasowniki w postaci gerund na ogół nie
wymagają użycia formy perfect, por. after reading the report albo
having read the report. Ale tutaj musi być having raised.
10. O urodzeniu dziecka mówi się give birth to. W bardziej formalnym
języku używa się też czasownika bear, zwłaszcza w: She bore him two
children.
11. Rodzajnik a może stać przed liczebnikiem w takich wyrażeniach jak
a trying 400 miles, a gruesome 300 pages, a full 400 years. Oczywiście
przed liczebnikiem musi być przymiotnik.
13. Z określeniami czasu możliwe jest użycie dopełniacza saksońskiego,
np.: a three months’ maternity leave. Możliwe jest także użycie
przymiotnikowe z myślnikiem: a three-month maternity leave.
287
VOCABULARY:
3. Nie pasuje living ani maintenance – zatem livelihood.
4. Pierwsze, co przychodzi do głowy Polakowi to sportsman lub
poprawne politycznie sportsperson. Jednak znacznie częściej używane
jest słowo athlete. Albo szczegółowe określenie dyscypliny: cricketer,
boxer, swimmer, gymnast, etc.
5. Oczywiście nie scenario, a screenplay.
6. Nie pasują intentional, purposeful, conscious. Od biedy mogłoby być
calculated, ale najlepiej jest deliberate.
9. Kilka synonimów: dishonor, debase, defame. No i wreszcie disgrace. A
czy można użyć compromise? Owszem, choć czasownik ten ma także
znaczenie „wystawić na szwank lub niebezpieczeństwo” – zob. pkt 20.
18. Szukamy synonimu od about: around, approximately; wreszcie jest:
roughly, por. “z grubsza”.
23. Trudne, bo najpierw szukamy synonimów od attackers, invaders,
aliens, etc. Żeby wpaść na evildoers trzeba się przestawić na inny tor
myślenia. Samo słowo nie jest trudne, zwłaszcza, że mamy identyczne
w polszczyźnie.
24. Skazy albo drobne usterki, zwłaszcza odnoszące się do wyglądu, to
właśnie imperfections.
26. Tak, jak wiele innych terminów medycznych, jaundice wchodzi w
zakres słownictwa educated English. Nie pochodzi bezpośrednio z
łaciny, jak pneumonia, appendicitis, inflammation czy insomnia, a z
francuskiego.
28. Nie pasują: prohibit, ban, suppress, banish. A jak się likwiduje jakąś
organizację? Przez delegalizację – zatem outlaw.
29. Najpierw kilka synonimów: prosper, flourish, boom – wreszcie jest:
thrive.
Oto przykłady kolokacji – słów automatycznie łączących się ze sobą: stand
still, unveil a monument, change diapers, dive headfirst, rosary beads, take
notice, frustrate the hopes, withdrawal of troops.
READING:
W pierwszym tekście istotne jest oddzielenie opinii krytyków od opinii
autora, która prezentowana jest w pytaniach.
288
1. Po wstępnej eliminacji pozostaje opcja C i D. W opcji B mamy

fałszywą logikę – z tego, że „white style” obrazuje odczłowieczenie,
nie wynika, że pisanie ozdobne uczłowiecza. D byłoby poprawne,
gdyby dodać, jak w punkcie 2, In Sartre’s view. Zatem pozostaje C.
2. Wybór między A i B. Ale w A jest mowa o message – a tekst mówi
tylko o poglądzie na świat głównego bohatera; więc B.
Kluczowe dla drugiego tekstu jest zrozumienie pojęcia victimization
– czy chodzi o szukanie ofiar, czy robienie z siebie ofiary i zrzucanie
winy na innych? Oczywiście to drugie, co podkreśla zdanie the media
will absolve... „media rozgrzeszą...”
3. Wybór jest łatwy – oczywiście A.
4. Oczywiście D – o tym jest cały tekst.
Tekst jest pisany z punktu widzenia konserwatysty – takiego, jak
definiuje go autor.
5. Opcje B i C są tak samo prawdziwe i nieprawdziwe. W porównaniu do
młodzieży dorośli mają bowiem i więcej swobody i mniej. Zatem A.
*****
7. Opcje A lub D – jednak na bruku nie byłoby widać śładów, tak jak na
drodze gruntowej (dirt path), więc D.
9. Original sin to „grzech pierworodny” zatem coś wrodzonego – stąd
opcje C i D są niemożliwe. Pozostaje B.
11. Co to jest scow? To duża łódź o płaskim dnie, rodzaj promu. Czyli
opcja A.
12. Wystarczy rozumieć wyrażenie wzmacniające let alone – „nie mówiąc
już o”. Wtedy D staje się zupełnie oczywiste.
13. Kontekst pokazuje, że chodzi o samochód, co eliminuje A i D.
Pozostaje C.
289
Test 16
1. The fact that Jeremy Adams was a plagiarist, and a poor one at that, has been
known at least since the publication of his.
IDIOMATIC USE
2. ...dream of following in his elder brother’s footsteps ... was shattered by a car
crash in which he broke both legs and which forced him to
IDIOMATIC USE
3. It is sad that while politicians do not mind being seen ..., I cannot imagine one
who could afford to be photographed while praying...
VERB PATTERN
4. We are now chartering /.../ to have all the packets delivered this week so that
our boys won’t feel lonely at
CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
5. There were said to have been some warning signals /.../ family left the village in
apparent haste just hours beforehand.
REPORTING & PERFECT INFINITIVE
6. still rests on decades of excellent teaching whose standards, both in science

and languages, are generally described as second to none.
IDIOMATIC USE
7. fact that we were able to take so many photos of the crater was /.../ light breeze
which was blowing away the .... That made it possible for us to stay there
and even to set up
MODAL + verb pattern
8. World War II with the war in Iraq. /.../ have no doubts ... about either of
them: ... the former was a rare case of a good war the latter , he says, sent
the wrong message to the world: that brute force is above the law.
PRONOUN + ADJECTIVES
9. ... to believe that old ladies doing aerobics .... of being ...... so for longer than
those for whom ..... playing bridge or knitting.
IDIOMATIC USE nie zaliczamy practising
290
10. a woman in her early thirties she doesn’t look particularly attractive. ... this
photo, at least.... it be a problem with the lighting?
IDIOMATIC USE
11. The full .... of St Andrew Bobola, which describes in great detail how he was
tortured by the Cossacks, may not be .... reading for children.
IDIOMATIC USE nie zaliczamy: policzalnego details
12. Although the singer pretends to have chosen that blue and yellow T-shirt ....
truth is that she has been paid to wear it during ... I heard a club ..... say it.
ADJECTIVE
13. Since a few of our staff have had [0] little opportunity to talk to the Chinese,
we have decided to invite ten student from Canton to come for training. .....
might be as many as 15 coming.
DETERMINERS
14. Our hostess in Nikosia was Emilia Stavros, who defines herself as half-Cypriot
half-Croatian ...... was born in Dubrovnik, where her 84-year-old grandfather
still runs a restaurant.
NATIONALITY NAMES
READING:
1. D; 2. A; 3. C; 4. B; 5. A; 6. C;
7. D; 8. B; 9. D; 10. C; 11. A; 12. B;
13. C
VOCABULARY:
1. unharmed; 2. scales; 3. member; 4. tampered;
5. relief; 6. endure; 7. twilight; 8. greasy;
9. mimicking; 10. merging; 11. despicable; 12. literally;
13. apparently; 14. crippling; 15. drawbrigde; 16. grasshopper;
17. haphazard; 18. showered; 19. quarry; 20. deliberate;
21. substance; 22. reminder/memorial; 23. elizabethan;
24. herbivores; 25. reprimand; 26. wardrobe; 27. temperate;
28. perishable; 29. reciprocated; 30. prolific.
291
CZYTANIE i PISANIE:
A bell jangled me into wakefulness. I rolled on the edge of my bed and reached for
the telephone. The neat voice of the Old Man – the Continental Detective Agency’s
San Francisco manager – came to my ears.
‘Sorry to disturb you, but you will have to go up to the Glenton Apartments
on Leavenworth Street. A man named Burke Pangburn, who lives there, phoned
me a few minutes ago asking to have someone sent up to see him at once.
He seemed rather excited. Will you take care of it? See what he wants.’
I said I would and, yawning, stretching and cursing Pangburn – whoever
he was – got my fat body out of pajamas and into street clothes.
The man who had disturbed my Sunday morning sleep – I found when
I reached the Glenton – was a slim, white-faced person of about twenty-five,
with big brown eyes that were red-rimmed just now from either
sleeplessness or crying, or both. His long brown hair was rumpled when
he opened the door to admit me; and he wore a mauve dressing-robe spotted
with big jade parrots over wine-coloured silk pajamas.
The room into which he led me resembled an auctioneer’s establishment
just before the sale – or maybe one of these alley tea rooms. Fat blue vases,
crooked red vases, lanky yellow vases, vases of various shapes and
colors; marble statuettes, ebony statuettes, statuettes of any material;
lanterns, lamps and candle-sticks; draperies, hangings and rugs of all
sorts; odds and ends of furniture that were all somehow queerly
designed; peculiar pictures hung here and there in unexpected places. A
hard room to feel comfortable in.
‘My fiancée,’ he began immediately in a high-pitched voice that was
within a notch of hysteria, ‘has disappeared! Something has
happened to her! Foul play of some horrible sort! I want you to find her – to
save her from this terrible thing that...’
I followed him this far and then gave it up. A jumble of words came out
of his mouth –’spirited away ... mysterious something .... lured into a trap’ – but they
were too disconnected for me to make anything out of them. So I stopped trying to
understand him, and waited for him to babble himself empty of words.
I have heard ordinarily reasonable men, under stress of excitement, run on even
more crazily than this wild-eyed youth; but his dress – the parroted robe and gay
pajamas – and his surroundings – this deliriously furnished room – gave him too
theatrical a setting; made his words sound utterly unreal.
292
1.&2. Przykład wyrażeń idiomatycznych, z których składa się każdy język.
Używając języka rodzimego nie zauważamy ich, np. po polsku mówimy
“podążyć w ślady” a nie “pobiec” czy “pofrunąć”. To samo mamy w pktach 6,
9, 10 i 11.
3. Po afford może stać albo rzeczownik, np: I cannot afford a camera albo
czasownik – wtedy koniecznie bezokolicznik a nie gerund, np.: I cannot
afford to be seen with her.
5. Konstrukcje bezosobowe typu „mówi się, że; mówiło się, że;” etc. to po
angielsku zawsze czasownik say, nigdy tell. He was said to have never missed
a football game – tu wystarczy przetłumaczyć „podobno”: Podobno nie
opuścił ani jednego meczu.
7. Pamiętajmy, że could z bezokolicznikiem (inaczej niż couldn’t) nie odnosi się
do przeszłości. Zatem „i dzięki temu mogliśmy zaoszczędzić ponad milion”
wymaga użycia be able to – and thus we were able to save over a million.
8. Mówimy albo World War II [world war two] albo the 2nd World War.
Czemu w tym pierwszym nie ma the? Bo to funkcjonuje jak nazwa własna,
w której używa się liczebnika głównego, por.: Chapter Three, Catch 22,
Section 3. Ale z drugiej strony the year 2000 – język nie musi zachowywać
się logicznie.
13. Po polsku „aż” może być policzalne lub nie. Po angielsku albo as many as 50
cars albo as much as 10 kilos of cocaine.
SŁOWNICTWO:
1. Nie pasuje unhurt ale unharmed już tak.
5. Samo change nie pasuje – trzeba wymyślić coś, co sugeruje ulgę po takim
długim okresie nieprzyjemnej pogody; ulgę czyli relief.
7. Słowo twilight najczęściej odnosi się do zmierzchu, ale może też oznaczać
brzask. Twilight of the Gods to słynne dzieło Wagnera a także świetny film
Viscontiego.
9. Nie pasuje imitate, więc musi być mimic, w którym pojawia się litera ‘k’
przed -ing i -ed; mimicking oraz mimicked, ale he mimics.
10. Kilka synonimów: mix, combine, blend – wreszcie jest: merge.
12. Przeciwieństwem metafory jest dosłowność – zatem literally.
15. Po polsku jest most zwodzony a po angielsku ‘ściągany’ – drawbridge.
293
19. Quarry jako kamieniołom jest spokrewniony ze square oraz polskim

„kwadratem”. Dlatego, że kamieniołom jest miejscem, gdzie tnie się kamień
w kwadratowe bloki.
21. Jako rzeczownik niepoliczalny substance odpowiada mniej więcej polskiemu
„treść”. Stąd substantial – pełny treści, istotny, pokaźny.
23. Imię Elizabeth ma również wariant Elisabeth – tak pisze się zagraniczne
królowe i cesarzowe, np. Elisabeth of Austria – Elżbieta Habsburżanka, żona
Zygmunta Augusta. Oczywiście obie królowe angielskie piszą się przez ‘z’
– dlatego poprawnie jest tylko Elizabethan.
Oto przykłady kolokacji – słów automatycznie łączących się ze sobą: card-carry-
ing member; tamper with the meter; crippling headache, shower with praise, sad
reminder, temperate climate, perishable foods, reciprocate a smile, prolific author.
CZYTANIE:
W pierwszym tekście pierwszy akapit prezentuje punkt widzenia władz brytyj-
skich zwalczających komunizm, zaś w drugim akpicie przechodzimy do punktu
widzenia sowieckich komunistów. Jest to odzwierciedlone w pytaniach.
1.&2. Właściwie jest to to samo pytanie – jeśli wybrać poprawnie opcję A w pkcie
2, opcja D w pkcie 1 narzuca się automatycznie.
3. Nawet nie znając słowa effete (słabowity, zniewieściały, tu: mięczakowaty),
można się domyślić, że effete offspring of bourgeois decadents oznacza coś
zdecydowanie negatywnego z bolszewickiego punktu widzenia. Jedyna
opcja z tym zgodna to D.
Drugi tekst zawiera opis metody badawczej, której celem jest zbadanie związku
między leworęcznością a przemocą. Pierwszy akapit przedstawia hipotezę a drugi
opisuje, jakimi metodami badacze ją testowali.
4. Oczywiście opcja B – cały tekst jest o dziedziczeniu.
5. Wybór między A i B – bowiem chodzi o społeczności tradycyjne. W opcji B
jest mowa o dmuchawkach z zatrutymi strzałami używanymi przez Indian.
Które, tak jak firearms, nie wymagają siły fizycznej. Zatem wybieramy A.
******
7. To jest łatwe – oczywiście plant oznacza tu fabrykę a controls to wskaźniki

potrzebne do zarządzania; nie chodzi tu o dane statystyczne.
8. Paisley pattern to wzór występujący na szalach, krawatach, bluzkach.
Czasem nazywany jest wzorem tureckim.
294
10. Banister to poręcz schodów – zatem frazie cautiously up odpowiada opcja C.

11. Lime-caked to „oblepiony wapnem” czyli opcja A świetnie pasuje do reszty
opisu.
13. Wyrażenie let alone tłumaczy się jako „nie mówiąc już o”, „a tym bardziej/
mniej”; po oczywistej eliminacji B i D, zostaje C – bo A jest wewnętrznie
sprzeczne.
295
Zapraszamy do internetowej czytelni i księgarni
Wydawnictwa MORPHO!
www.mor-pho.pl
Zamówienia telefoniczne: 0 604 25 65 95
Henryk Krzyżanowski Henryk Krzyżanowski Andrzej Zychla
WYBÓR TESTÓW Z KLUCZEM ĆWICZENIA TESTOWE WYBÓR MATERIAŁÓW

I KOMENTARZEM AUTORA DO CZĘŚCI PISEMNEJ DO CZĘŚCI USTNEJ
W W W
KÓ KÓ KÓ
ZY ZY ZY
IJC IJC IJC
MP MP MP
OLI OLI OLI
LA O L I M P I A D A LA O L I M P I A D A LA O L I M P I A D A
OD OD OD
TY
LK JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO TY
LK JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO TY
LK JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
NIE NIE NIE
POZIOM WG CEF: C1-C2 POZIOM WG CEF: C1-C2 POZIOM WG CEF: C1-C2
morpho morpho morpho

Wybór Testów - Krzyżanowski (With Key)

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WYBÓR TESTÓW Z KLUCZEM

Sieniawa Żarska, 2012

Test 1 – XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 7

Test 2 – XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 17

Test 3 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 27

Test 4 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ...................................... 37

Test 5 – XXVIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 47

Test 6 – XXXIII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 57

Test 7 – XXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 67

Test 8 – XXV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ......................................... 85

Test 9 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ..................................... 101

Test 10 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 119

Test 11 – XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego...................................... 137

Etap centralny – finał

Test 12 – XXVI Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ..................................... 153

Test 13 – XXVII Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................... 165

Test 14 – XXIX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego...................................... 177

Test 15 – XXX Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego ....................................... 189

Test 16 – XXXIV Olimpiada Języka Angielskiego .................................. 199

Test 1 ....................................................................................................... 212

Test 2 ....................................................................................................... 216

Test 3 ....................................................................................................... 220

Test 4 ....................................................................................................... 224

Test 5 ....................................................................................................... 228

Test 6 ....................................................................................................... 232

Klucz odpowiedzi z komentarzem - Etap okręgowy

Test 7 ....................................................................................................... 236

Test 8 ....................................................................................................... 243

Test 9 ....................................................................................................... 248

Test 10 ....................................................................................................... 254

Test 11 ....................................................................................................... 259

Klucz odpowiedzi z komentarzem - Etap centralny – finał

Test 12 ....................................................................................................... 266

Test 13 ....................................................................................................... 272

Test 14 ....................................................................................................... 278

Test 15 ....................................................................................................... 284

Test 16 ....................................................................................................... 290

„Ciągła linia _________ wskazuje miejsce, gdzie trzeba wpisać tłumaczenie.

a/ Nie licz na Freda. On boi się własnego cienia.

b/ Przy zajmowaniu się tym problemem wykazała dużo zdrowego rozsądku.

c/ Było tak głośno, że nie słyszeliśmy gwizdka sędziego.

d/ Na powierzchni pojemnika były ślady rdzy.

f/ Boję się, że z nudy oni mogą zrobić wszystko.

g/ Podnoszenie ciężarów jest wskazane na rozwój mięśni.

h/ Po wyjściu z więzienia do końca życia żył w nędzy.

Is your _ _ m _ _ _ name Adams? f a m i l y

a/ In 1992 the Czech and the Slovak Republics _ _ p _ _ _ _ _ _ to form two

b/ Great pianists have to exercise daily; _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ they lose control

c/ They used empty beer cans as _ _ r _ _ _ _ to shoot at.

d/ In the last years emphasis in car making has _ _ _ f _ _ _ from production

f/ I couldn’t hear her remark because she only _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ it in her

h/ If doctors start _ _ _ s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the new drug to patients, the NHS may

h/ A rowing boat is moved by poles with blades at the end.

a/ Most of this mail is from would-be stars.

b/ None of our vital services has been crippled.

c/ For their impressive pedigree, they’re cheap.

d/ The results were appalling, regardless of race.

e/ This triggered another arson attack.

f/ Those questioned could not resist peer pressure.

c/ Eksperci są zgodni co do tego, że nie powinno być więcej niż 50 owiec na

g/ Strażnicy postrzelili [= SHOOT] jednego przestępcę i aresztowali drugiego.

__________________________ the guarantee.

f/ g/ Mary [suspect] something [be] wrong, because