RAID

Introduction to RAID
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Unauthorized Duplication is Prohibited
What’s RAID
RAID : Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks
A method of combining several hard drives into

one logical unit
Offer fault tolerance and higher throughput

levels than a single hard drive or group of
independent hard drives
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Why RAID ?
Provides real-time data recovery with

uninterrupted access when a hard drive fails
Increases system uptime and network

availability
Protects against data loss
Multiple drives working in parallel increase

system performance
- CONFIDENTIAL -
How ?
PC
IF channel
RAID HW
Logic Logic
Backup Source
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Different Type of RAID
Software RAID
Host CPU handle all RAID function
Windows NT, Linux
Hardware RAID
External CPU handle all RAID function
Simulation general storage interface to host PC
Software RAID card
BIOS setup, also need extra driver
AMI, HighPoint
Hardware RAID card
External CPU handle all RAID function, but need extra
driver
Adaptec RAID card
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Benefit of Different Type RAID
Software RAID
Almost zero cost
Hardware RAID
High performance
No driver needed
Software RAID card
Software + ASIC : cheap but IP protect
Hardware RAID card
High performance
Control OS behavior
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level
RAID 0 :
Striping - Highest performance without any reliability
RAID 1 :
Mirror - Data protection through redundancy
RAID 0/1 : Hybrid design
Highest performance with data protection
RAID 5 :
Data striping with distributed parity
Best balance of cost / performance / data protection
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 0
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 1
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 2
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 3
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 4
- CONFIDENTIAL -
RAID Level 5
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Why RAID Level ?
RAID is an expensive solution, different level

means different performance & reliability
Most of RAID system provide more than one

kind of RAID level
Software RAID : depend on OS
Hardware RAID : 0,1,5
Some IDE RAID provide choice of level 0, 1
Some IDE RAID only provide level 1 function
Software RAID card : 0,1
Hardware RAID card : 0,1,5
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Limitation of RAID
Must have logic source driver or logic backup

driver inside
If logic source and backup driver is taken out at the same
time, protects against data loss will be failed, maybe worse,
raid system will down
Before using RAID, user must

Define RAID level
Setup environment & parameters
- CONFIDENTIAL -
User Interface to Setup RAID
Software RAID :
OS Operation
Hardware RAID :
Difficult to setup - small LCD with limited button
IDE RAID is the easiest one - no button in some pure
mirror RAID system
Software RAID card :
BIOS level setup first
Then (a) Win95/98/ME : new device (b) WinNT/2000 :
reinstall
Hardware RAID card :
BIOS level setup first
Then (a) Win95/98/ME : new device (b) WinNT/2000 :
reinstall
- CONFIDENTIAL -
What’s Hot Spare/Swap ?
Hot Spare : A spare hard drive which will

automatically be used to replace the failed
member of a redundant disk array
Hot Swap : The ability to remove a failed

member of a redundant disk array and replace it
with a good drive without bringing down the
server or interrupting transactions that involve
other devices
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Hardware RAID
- CONFIDENTIAL -
HW RAID - Setup Interface
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Hardware RAID (IDE)
- CONFIDENTIAL -
The Challenge of IDE RAID
In theory, IDE interface
must follow international
standard : ATA-100
specification
BIOS
But actually, BIOS, OS
and HD all go their own
way
SCSI RAID will be better OS

positioned by consistent
behavior
HD
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Hardware RAID Card
- CONFIDENTIAL -
HW RAID Card - Setup Interface
- CONFIDENTIAL -
HW RAID Card - OS Install
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Is HW Raid Card Support All OS?
QUESTION: Will there be win9x support.
ANSWER : No, our RAID solutions are designed

and intended for commercial use.
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Software RAID Card
- CONFIDENTIAL -
SW RAID Card - Setup Interface
- CONFIDENTIAL -
SW RAID Card - Win98 Install
- CONFIDENTIAL -
SW RAID Card - WinNT Install
- CONFIDENTIAL -
If SW RAID’s HD Fails ?
QUESTION: What if a drive in a logical array fails
in MegaRAID IDE?
ANSWER: If a drive in a logical array fails in
MegaRAID IDE then following sequence will
occur. The system will hang for approximately 1
minute, then the Spy UI on the Task Bar will turn
red and the alarm will go off. Concurrently a
window will pop up to inform user of the
problem. At this time it will be necessary to
reboot the system after having reconnected the
drive whence rebuilding should automatically
begin.
- CONFIDENTIAL -
Conclusion
From RD point of view,

there is only one perfect solution …
- CONFIDENTIAL -
USB/Firewire/SCSI
Hardware RAID
with
SCSI Hard Disk
Stable, Consistent, Reliable, and
Reasonable
- CONFIDENTIAL -

RAID

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Introduction to RAID

RAID : Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks

A method of combining several hard drives into

Offer fault tolerance and higher throughput

Provides real-time data recovery with

Increases system uptime and network

Protects against data loss

Multiple drives working in parallel increase

RAID is an expensive solution, different level

Most of RAID system provide more than one

Must have logic source driver or logic backup

Before using RAID, user must

Hot Spare : A spare hard drive which will

Hot Swap : The ability to remove a failed

SCSI RAID will be better OS

QUESTION: Will there be win9x support.

ANSWER : No, our RAID solutions are designed

From RD point of view,

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