BCISM - Costbook 2020

POCKET
COSTBOOK
2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 2
2.0 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Average Building Prices 7
2.3 Average Mechanical and Electrical Prices 8
2.4 Major Unit Rates 9
2.5 Major Materials Prices 11
2.6 Material Cost Index 12
2.7 Labour Wage Rate 14
2.8 Labour Cost Index 15
2.9 Machinery Hire Rate and Equipment 17
Purchase Price
2.10 Machinery and Equipment Cost Index 18
2.11 Building Cost Trend 20
2.12 Market Conditions Index 21
3.0 LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.1 Labour Constants 25
3.2 Plant Constants 27
4.0 DATA APPLICATION
4.1 Calculation for Variation of Price 30
4.2 Calculation for Building Insurance 32
4.3 Calculation of Labour Productivity 33
4.4 Calculation of Plant Productivity 34
5.0 USEFUL INFORMATION
5.1 Estimating Rules of Thumb 36
5.2 Unit Conversion 38
5.3 Weights and Measures 40
5.4 Formulae 42
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | ii

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1.0| InTRODUCTION
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 1

1.0 | INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The construction industry in Malaysia is faced with lack of access,

accuracy, breadth and depth of industry data. Information is an
important element in the decision-making process. Although cost
information on the Malaysian construction industry is available
through various organisations, most of it is available for that
organisations’ usage only but not easily accessible by third parties.
The Building Cost Information Services Malaysia (BCISM Sdn Bhd)

was formed in July 2019. It is a collaborative effort between the
Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and
Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia (RISM).
BCISM is entrusted to operate the National Construction Cost

Centre portal (N3C) on behalf of CIDB to provide a centralised
data bank for construction cost.
OUR PRODUCTS :
Construction Life Cycle Construction

Cost Costing Costbook
Benchmark
Online Tender Price Seminars and

Promotional Index Training
Platform
2 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
1.0 | INTRODUCTION
OUR MISSION
Provide a credible cost information service to the

Malaysian construction industry.
Promote transparency with more equitable and

competitive prices.
Provide advisory on construction economics to

the government for policy making.
Publish construction cost information to the

general public.
OUR VALUES
Customer Solution-focused
commitment
Economic Technical
value excellence

ACCESS ACCURATE
CONSTRUCTION
COST INFORMATION
AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
The National Construction Cost Centre or N3C is a key initiative undertaken by CIDB
to fulﬁll one of CIDB’s functions under Part II, Section 4(1)(e) and (h) of Act 520 that is
“to provide consultancy and advisory services with respect to the construction
industry” and “to initiate and maintain a construction industry information system”.
COST DATA COST INDEX
• Building Material Prices • Building Material Cost Index (BMCI)

• Labour Wage Rates • Building Labour Cost Index (BLCI)
• Machinery Hire Rates & • Building Machinery & Equipment
Equipment Purchase Price Cost Index
• Building Cost Index

bcismalaysia BCISM @Bcismalaysia www.bcism.org.my
2.0| CONstruction cost data

2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.1 Introduction
BCISM Pocket Costbook 2020 is a compilation of useful construction

related cost and project information in a condensed format to serve
as a compact quick-reference guide.
The construction costs for a variety of building types are given in

unit area (square metre) of the built-up floor area of the building in
Ringgit Malaysia and have been based on analysis of the contract
bills of quantities submitted by contractors to CIDB.
The Gross Floor Area (GFA) is the total of all enclosed spaces
fulfilling the functional requirements of the building measured to
the internal face of enclosing walls (or columns, doors, and the like).
• Includes areas occupied by partitions, columns, internal structural

or party walls, stairwells, lift wells and the like.
• Includes lifts, plant/ tank rooms and the like above main roof
slab.
The information is meant as a reference for preliminary budgeting

and estimate calculations, should not be used as a basis for
preparing bids or entering into any contractual and financial
agreements.
All data are sourced from CIDB National Construction Cost Centre
(myn3c.cidb.gov.my) and analysed by BCISM unless otherwise
stated.

2.2 Average Building Prices

No. Project Category RM/m2 GFA
A. Transport, Industrial Buildings
1. Light duty flatted factories 1,150 – 3,600
2. Heavy duty flatted factories & warehouse 1,020 – 4,630
B. Office/ Commercial Buildings

3. 2-storey office 990 – 4,070
4. 3-storey office 950 – 3,990
5. 4-storey office 1,460 – 1,640
6. High rise office 2,800 – 7,720
C. Refreshment, Entertainment, Recreational Buildings
7. Multi-purpose hall 1,460 – 3,610
8. Neighbourhood/ shopping centre 1,300 – 7,410
D. Religious Buildings
9. Mosque 5,150 – 5,520
E. Educational, Cultural, Scientific Buildings
Preschool, primary school and secondary
10. 2,090 – 3,680
school (IBS)
F. Residential Buildings
11. 2-storey bungalow 1,360 – 3,350
12. 2-storey terrace house 900 – 2,570
13. Average standard apartment (mid-rise) 1,180 – 3,270
G. Building Spaces in General
14. Basement parking (≤ 3 levels) 1,300 – 2,200
15. Elevated parking (> 3 levels) 990 – 1,500
Notes :
• Source: CIDB Cost Benchmark.
• Cost data predominantly extracted from projects in West Malaysia.
• Costs at April 2020, including preliminaries BUT excluding contingencies.
• GFA is inclusive of enclosed basement parking area.

2.3 Average Mechanical and Electrical Prices
RM/m2 GFA
Project
No. Aircond Electrical Fire Lift &
Category
Services Services Services Escalators
Transport,
A. Industrial 60 – 520 160 – 290 60 – 90 60 – 160
Buildings
Administrative
B. 260 – 600 300 – 490 70 – 140 130 – 380
Buildings
Neighbourhood/
C. Shopping 350 – 550 320 – 530 70 – 120 110 – 190
Centre
Religious
D. 20 – 40 280 – 1,000 10 – 20 –
Buildings
Average
E. Standard 20 – 170 110 – 210 20 – 30 70 – 110
Apartment
Notes :
• Source: CIDB Cost Benchmark.
• Costs at April 2020, including preliminaries BUT excluding contingencies.
• GFA is inclusive of enclosed basement parking area.

2.4 Major Unit Rates
No. Items Unit RM

1. Excavation (Up to 1.50m deep) m3 18.00
2. Hardcore bed; average 150mm thick m3 93.00
3. Lean concrete Grade 15 m3 261.20
4. Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30 m3 303.00
5. Mild steel/ high tensile bar reinforcement kg 3.70
Sawn formwork to vertical/ horizontal
6. m2 39.00
surfaces
Half brick wall bedded & jointed in
7. m2 46.00
cement mortar
Metal deck roofing; 0.48mm thick c/w all
8. m2 87.00
accessories
9. Aluminium composite casement windows m 2
413.00
Timber flush door (hollow core); single
10. No. 253.00
leaf excluding ironmongeries
One hour fire rated door; single leaf
11. No. 1,200.00
including ironmongeries
12. Structural steelwork in column kg 8.10
19mm thk cement and sand (1:6) plaster
13. m2 27.00
to wall
20mm thk cement and sand (1:3) paving
14. m2 19.00
to floor
Notes :
• Measurements based on SMM2.

2.4 Major Unit Rates (cont’d)
No. Items Unit RM

300mm x 300mm homogeneous tiles
15. m2 80.00
(include floor screed)
16. 4mm thk plainface plaster skim coat m2 9.80
17. Aluminium strip ceiling m2 178.00
9mm thk fibrous plaster ceiling
18. m2 58.00
including drops
Painting to plastered surfaces; one coat
19. sealer and two coats of emulsion paint; m2 7.50
internally
Notes :
• Measurements based on SMM2.

2.5 Major Materials Prices
West East
No. Material Unit Malaysia Malaysia
(RM) (RM)
Cement, ordinary
1. bag 13.50 20.66
Portland, 50kg
2. Aggregate, granite 3/4” tonne 36.69 40.22
3. Normal river sand tonne 39.08 44.38
Mild steel round bar,
4. tonne 2,374.24 2,560.51
MS146 R10
High tensile deformed
5. tonne 2,374.31 2,560.97
bar, MS 146 Y10
6. BRC A8, MS145 m2 12.84 13.38
Ready mixed concrete,
7. normal mixed, granite m3 183.07 272.50
Grade 30
Interlocking concrete
8. tiles, standard duotone piece 1.94 2.43
colour, 420mm x 330mm
Plain homogeneous floor
9. tiles 300mm x 300mm x piece 2.91 3.00
8mm-Grade 1
External acrylic emulsion,
10. 18L 314.78 329.68
weather shield
Square hollow sections,
11. 150mm x 150mm x 4.0mm tonne 3,243.25 3,571.42
(18.30kg/m)
Notes :
• Average price in 2019.

12
Material Cost Index
West Malaysia
Notes:
140.0
120.0
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.

100.0

2.6 Material Cost Index
80.0
60.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019
Steel Ready Mixed

Cement Aggregate Reinforcement Concrete
Material Cost Index
East Malaysia
Notes:
140.0
120.0

100.0
80.0
60.0
2.6 Material Cost Index (cont’d)
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019
Steel Ready Mixed

Cement Aggregate Reinforcement Concrete
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |

13
2.7 Labour Wage Rate

West Malaysia East Malaysia
(RM/day) (RM/day)
No. Labour
Semi- Semi-
Skilled Skilled
skilled skilled
General
1. construction - 60 - 100 - 70 - 110
worker
2. Concreter 80 - 150 60 - 100 90 - 160 70 - 110
3. Bricklayer 80 - 150 60 - 100 90 - 160 70 - 110
4. Plasterer 80 - 150 60 - 100 90 - 160 70 - 110
5. Bar bender 80 - 150 60 - 100 90 - 160 70 - 110
Steel structure
6. 80 - 200 60 - 100 90 - 210 70 - 110
fabricator
Plumber-building
7. 80 - 150 60 - 100 90 - 160 70 - 110
and sanitary
8. Painter 80 - 150 60 - 90 90 - 160 70 - 100
Plant and machine
9. 80 - 250 60 - 200 90 - 270 70 - 210
operator
10. IBS installer 80 - 180 60 - 100 90 - 190 70 - 110
Notes:
• Average 8 hour/day excluding overtime.
• The range is the lowest and highest price recorded in 2019.

Labour Cost Index
West Malaysia
Notes:
112.0
110.0
108.0

106.0
104.0
2.8 Labour Cost Index
102.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019
General Steel Bar

Worker Concreter Bender Carpenter

Bricklayer Plasterer Tiler Painter
15
16
Labour Cost Index
East Malaysia
Notes:
112.0
110.0
108.0

106.0

104.0
102.0
100.0
98.0
2.8 Labour Cost Index (cont’d)
96.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019
General Steel Bar

Worker Concreter Bender Carpenter
Bricklayer Plasterer Tiler Painter

2.9 Machinery Hire Rate and Equipment

Purchase Price
Machinery Operating West Malaysia East Malaysia

No.
(Hire Rate) Weight (RM/day) (RM/day)
Hydraulic
1. 30000kg 710 – 1,600 750 – 1,360
excavator
Mini hydraulic
2. 6000kg 380 – 390 400 – 410
excavator
Lorry 10 BTM
3. 520 – 540 550 – 560
tonnes 10000kg
BTM
4. Lorry 5 tonnes 330 – 380 360 – 390
5000kg
5. Mobile crane 50000kg 1,220 – 2,340 1,290 – 1,920
6783kg –
6. Backhoe 360 – 540 450 – 460
11000kg
Equipment
West Malaysia East Malaysia
No. (Purchase Capacity
(RM) (RM)
Price)
Diesel Max output
1. 4,180 – 4,710 4,760 - 4,800
generator set 13HP
5HP,
Air
2. flowrate: 4,400 – 4,940 5,000 – 5,100
compressor
27.68cfm
Notes:
• The range is the lowest and highest price recorded in 2019.

18
Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
West Malaysia
Notes:
110.0
108.0
106.0

104.0

102.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
94.0
92.0
90.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019

2.10 Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
Excavator/ Backhoe Mobile Crane

Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
East Malaysia
Notes:
110.0
(cont’d)
108.0
106.0

104.0
102.0
100.0
98.0
96.0
94.0
92.0
90.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
2016 2017 2018 2019

2.10 Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
Excavator/ Backhoe Mobile Crane

19
2.11 Building Cost Trend
101.90 102.40
118.00
Forecast
Q4
113.70
Q3
2019
102.70
113.00
Q2
522.29
102.80
112.30
Q1
549.30
103.50
111.50
Q4
546.30
103.00
TPI - JKR***
112.50
Q3
2018
104.20
546.30
113.10 113.30 113.60
Q2
546.30
102.50
Q1
TPI**
523.96
105.30
Q4
109.20
501.62
104.70
BCI*
Q3
2017
105.30
100.70
496.79
Q2
104.40
102.40
491.96
Q1
488.33
103.50
101.20
Q4
2016
100.00
100.00
484.69
Q3
Notes :
* Building Cost Index (BCI) with base index at Q3 2016.
** Tender Price Index (TPI) includes both private and public projects with base index
at Q3 2016.
*** TPI – JKR is sourced from Jabatan Kerja Raya with base year at 1980.

Market Condition
Index = Tender Price Index x 100
Notes :
120.0 Building Cost Index
• Base Year 2016.

115.2
115.0
110.5 110.0
110.0 109.0 109.2 109.2 111.6
107.4 107.7
105.0 104.6
102.3 102.0 104.3
100.0
100.0
2.12 Market Conditions Index
95.0
90.0
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2016 2017 2018 2019

21
ROYAL
INSTITUTION OF
SURVEYORS
MALAYSIA
Over 50 years Surveying the Nation
OUR STORY
GEOMATICS AND LAND
ROYAL INSTITUTION SURVEYORS
OF SURVEYORS Geomatics and land surveyors professionals
MALAYSIA (RISM) deal with matters pertaining to mapping,
cadastre, surveying, engineering, remote
is the national professional sensing (LiDAR or HDS scanning),
body incorporating four underground utility detectation and
mapping, hydrography, photogrammetry,
surveying disciplines:
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS),
seabed topographic mapping and
- GEOMATICS & LAND SURVEYING geographic, information Systems (GIS).
- QUANTITY SURVEYING
- PROPERTY SURVEYING
- BUILDING SURVEYING QUANTITY SURVEYORS
Quantity Surveyors are specialise in
managing financial and contractual aspects
in the construction industry.
PROPERTY SURVEYORS
Property Surveyors provide professional
advisory services in the field of valuation of
tangible and intangible assets, real estate
transaction, property management and
research in property market.
Follow us on social media:
Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia

BUILDING SURVEYORS
Building Surveyors offer specialist
services on building inspection and control,
recommending for integrity and compliance
with building laws and managing building
performance.
3.0| LABOUR AND PLANT
23
CONSTANTS
3.0 | LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.0 Labour and Plant Constants
All data were collected between March 2018 to March 2019

and computed from field surveys on selected active building
sites of private and public sector projects located in Selangor,
Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Johor. All
respondents are active contractors registered under Grade G7
with CIDB.
The figures are presented in the form of productivity by speed

which is the amount of output produced over a given period namely
one man-hour and one plant-hour, respectively.
The computed labour constant and plant constant also includes

the time spent on tea break, moving of materials within site, idling
time and minor down time occurred within the process of activities
recorded.
Notes:
• Source: CIDB Labour Constant and Plant Constant for Building Construction Works 2019.

3.1 Labour Constants

Workdone
No. Trade
per man-hour
1. Concrete: place only
Ready mixed concrete including vibrating and 1.41m3/
trowelling smooth to uniform level in upper man-hr
floor slab and beam
2. Reinforcement: fabrication and fixing only
6mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm and 44.84kg/
32mm rods, BRC A7 & A8 on upper floor slab man-hr
and beam
3. Formwork: fix and dismantle only
System formwork (aluminium) to sides and 3.72m2/
soffit of upper floor slab and beam man-hr
4. Brickworks: lay only

100mm thick cement and sand brick wall
bedded and jointed in cement & sand mortar 1.38m2/
(1:3) reinforced with and including “exmet” man-hr
reinforcement at every fourth course
5. Wall plaster: labour only
20mm thick internal plaster consist of 2 coats
of cement & sand (1:3) finishing with steel 1.08m2/
float including raking out joints of brickwall or man-hr
hacking concrete surface for key on sides of
brickwall and associated columns and beams
6. Wall tiling: labour only
600mm x 300mm wall tiles with cement & 0.84m2/
sand (1:3) backing screed, adhesive mortar and man-hr
pointed in coloured cement to match
Notes:
• Rate is inclusive of preparatory works.

3.1 Labour Constants (cont’d)

Workdone
No. Trade
per man-hour
7. Paving: labour only
25mm thick cement and sand (1:3) paving 2.87m2/
trowelled with a steel float to a smooth and man-hr
level surface
8. Floor tiling: labour only
600mm x 300mm floor tiles with cement & 1.29m2/
sand (1:3) floor base screed, adhesive mortar man-hr
and pointed in coloured cement to match
9. Painting: labour only
Prepare and apply one (1) primer coat and
two (2) finishing coats internally on surfaces 10.40m2/
of plastered sides of wall and associated man-hr
columns and beams
Notes:

3.2 Plant Constants

Workdone
No. Plant
per plant-hour
1. Piling driving
Drive only 400mm x 400mm precast 14.29m/
concrete pile/ 400mm diameter precast plant-hr
spun pile with jack-in pile rig
2. Excavator 20-30 tonnes operating weight
Excavation to foundation/ basement 72.15m3/
plant-hr
3. Dump truck 10 wheels
Disposal of excavated earth off site to 7.96m3/
dumping tip within 30km distance plant-hr
4. Asphalt paver 10-20 tonnes operating weight

Paving of 50mm to 75mm thick binder/ 330.88m2/
wearing course plant-hr
5. Road roller tandem compactor 6500kg operating weight
Compaction of 50mm to 75mm thick 457.43m2/
binder/ wearing course plant-hr
6. Tower crane 1-2 tonnes operating weight
Hoisting of building materials up to 20 12.07trip/
storeys height plant-hr
7. Mobile crane 20-30 tonnes operating weight

Hoisting of building materials up to 10 10.55trip/
storeys high plant-hr
Notes:

THANK YOU TO OUR FRONTLINERS
Your selfless service to the greater

community is helping us all get through
these tough times. You are truly a HERO.

4.0| DATA APPLICATION

4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.1 Calculation for Variation of Price
Example 1
To calculate material price variation for building works between
the award and project completion date.
Calculation:
Material = Material x Current - Previous BMCI x Value of
VOP** weightage Previous BMCI workdone
Scenario:
The calculation involve only works section excluding preliminaries,
prime cost sum and provisional sum.
1 Building category Residential

2 Region Selangor
3 Awarded month (previous) July 2017
4 Month of work progress (current) March 2018
5 Value of work done RM2.5 mil
6 BMCI* for March 2018 105.2
7 BMCI* for July 2017 106.2
8 Material weightage for concrete 0.80
Calculation:
Material = 0.8 x 105.2 - 106.2 x RM2.5 mil
VOP** 106.2
= -RM18,832.39
Notes :
* Building Material Cost Index (BMCI).
** Variation of price (VOP).

4.1 Calculation for Variation of Price (cont’d)
Example 2
To estimate rebar material price variation for tendering exercise
one year from now.
Calculation:
Future material = Current x Current BMCI - Average BMCI
VOP** material (for past 3 years)
price Average BMCI (for past 3 years)
Scenario:
1 Current month June 2019

2 Purchase of rebar June 2020
Sales price for month of June 2019
3 RM2,323.33/tonne
for rebar high tensile Y10
4 Current BMCI* (June 2019) 110.1
5 BMCI* (June 2016) 100.0
6 BMCI* (June 2017) 105.7
7 BMCI* (June 2018) 117.9
Calculation:
Average BMCI* for June 2016, June 2017 and June 2018 = 107.87
Future material = RM2,323.33/tonne x 110.10 - 107.87

VOP** 107.87
= RM48.03/tonne
Notes :
* Building Material Cost Index (BMCI).
** Variation of price (VOP).

4.2 Calculation for Building Insurance

Example
To calculate cost of building insurance.
Calculation:
Building insurance = Base building x Current index x (1.0 + f%)
cost Base index
Scenario :
1 Base building cost RM80,000,000.00

2 Building category Residential
3 Region Selangor
4 Base BCI* in June 2018 99.8
5 Current BCI* in June 2019 101.9
6 f%** 10%
Calculation:
Building insurance = RM80,000,000.00 x 101.9 x (1.0 + 0.1)
99.8
= RM89,851,703.41
Notes :
* Building Cost Index (BCI).
** Factor percentage for demolition & fees.

4.3 Calculation of Labour Productivity
Example
To estimate time needed for labour to complete internal wall
plastering work.
Calculation:
Time = Total wall ÷ Labour x Number of ÷ Working
needed area internally constant worker time
Scenario:
Total wall area internally for

1 1,045m2
plastering works
2 Labour constant 1.08m2/manhour
3 Number of workers available 7 workers
4 Working time 8 hours/day
Calculation:
Time = 1,045m2 ÷ 1.08m2/ x 7 workers ÷ 8 hours/day
needed manhour
= 17.28days
Notes :
• Assuming there is no disturbance or interruptions that may affect the speed or continuation
of the work for whatever reason including bad weather etc.

4.4 Calculation of Plant Productivity

Example
To estimate plant time to complete basement excavation work.
Calculation:
Time = Total volume ÷ Plant x Number of ÷ Working
needed of excavated constant plant time
soil
Scenario:
1 Total volume of excavated soil 6700m3

2 Plant constant 72.15m3/plant-hour
3 Number of plant available 2 excavators
4 Working time 8 hours/day
Calculation:
Time = 6700m3 ÷ 72.15m3/ x 2 excavators ÷ 8 hours/
needed plant-hour day
= 5.81 days
Notes :
• Assuming there is no major disturbance or interruptions or plant breakdown that may
affect the speed or continuation of the work for whatever reason including bad weather
etc.

5.0| USEFUL Information

5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.1 Estimating Rules of Thumb

Concrete composition (per m3)
Mix Cement Sand Aggregate
1:3:6 216 kg 0.45 m3 0.90 m3
1:2:4 308 kg 0.43 m 3
0.86 m3
1:1:2 540 kg 0.38 m 3
0.75 m3
Concrete components/ weight

Material Weight
Cement 1441 kg/m3
Steel 7843 kg/m3
Aggregate 1350 kg/m3
Sand 1600 kg/m3
Average volume of loads

Item I Volume
Lorry 7 - 8 m3
Barge 200 – 1450 m3
Concrete truck (24 ton) 5.50 m3

5.1 Estimating Rules of Thumb (cont’d)

Dimensions for sports grounds*
Type Length Width
Soccer playing field 115 m 75 m
Futsal court 25 m – 42 m 15 m – 25 m
Badminton court 20 m 10 m
Tennis court 40 m 20 m
Basketball court 38 m 23 m
Concrete ratios per floor area**

Concrete/building superstructure Ratio
Concrete/floor area 0.3 m3/m2 – 0.6 m3/m2
Formwork/floor area 2.2 m2/m2 – 3.0 m2/m2
Reinforcement/concrete volume 160 kg/m3 – 250 kg/m3
External wall/floor ratio

Building Ratio
Residential apartments 1.0 m2/m2
Office, hotel 0.4 m2/m2
Internal wall/floor ratio

Building Ratio
Residential apartments 1.0 m2/m2
Office, hotel 0.5 m2/m2
Notes :
* The measurements above are appropriate for a single court. No seating or support area
for the spectators was allowed.
** The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes only. They do not account for
buildings with special shapes and configurations.

5.2 Unit Conversion

Simply multiply the Imperial measurement by the factor next to
the conversion you wish to make using the formula. Conversely,
simply divide by the same factor if you want to transform Metric
measure into Imperial measure.
To convert Multiply by
Length
Inches to millimetres 25.4
Inches to centimetres 2.54
Inches to metres 0.0254
Feet to millimetres 304.8
Feet to centimetres 30.48
Feet to metres 0.3048
Yards to metres 0.9144
Miles to kilometres 1.609344
Area
Square inches to square millimetres 645.16
Square inches to square centimetres 6.4516
Square feet to square centimetres 929.0304
Square feet to square metres 0.092903
Acres to square metres 4046.8564
Acres to hectares 0.4046856
Square miles to square kilometres 2.589988

5.2 Unit Conversion (cont’d)
Volume
Cubic inches to cubic centimetres 16.387064
Cubic inches to litres 0.016387
Cubic feet to cubic metres 0.0283168
Cubic feet to litres 28.316847
Gallons to litres 4.54609
Gallons to cubic metres 0.0045461
Mass
Pounds to kilograms 0.4535924
Tons to kilograms 1016.0469
Tons to metric tonnes 1.01605
Power
Horsepower to watts 745.7
Horsepower to kilowatts 0.7457

5.3 Weights and Measures

Metric measures and equivalents
Length
1 millimetre (mm) = 0.0394 in
1 centimetre (cm) = 10 mm = 0.3937 in
1 metre (m) = 100 cm = 1.0936 yd
1 kilometre (km) = 1000 m = 0.6214 mile
Area
1 sq cm (cm2) = 100 mm2 = 0.1550 in2
1 sq metre (m2) = 10000 cm2 = 1.1960 yd2
1 hectare (ha) = 10000 m2 = 2.4710 acres
1 sq km (km2) = 100 ha = 0.3861 mile2
Volume/ Capacity
1 cubic cm (cm3) = 0.0610 in3
1 cubic decimeter (dm3) = 1000 cm3 = 0.0353 ft3
1 cubic metre (m3) = 1000 dm3 = 1.3080 yd3
1 litre (ℓ) = 1 dm3 = 1.76 pt
1 hectolitre (hℓ) = 100 ℓ = 21997 gal
Mass (Weight)
1 gram (g) = 1000 mg = 0.0353 oz
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 g = 2.2046 lb
1 tonne (t) = 1000 kg = 0.9842 ton

5.3 Weights and Measures (cont’d)

Imperial measures and equivalents
Length
1 inch (in) = 2.54 cm
1 foot (ft) = 12 in = 0.3048 m
1 yard (yd) = 3 ft = 0.9144 m
1 mile = 1760 yd = 1.6093 km
1 int. nautical mile = 2025.4 yd = 1.853 km
Area
1 sq inch (in2) = 6.4516 cm2
1 sq foot (ft2) = 144 in2 = 0.0929 m2
1 sq yard (yd2) = 9 ft2 = 0.8361 m2
1 acre = 4840 yd2 = 4046.9 m2
1 sq mile (mile2) = 640 acres = 2.59 km2
Volume/ Capacity
1 cubic inch (in3) = 16.387 cm3
1 cubic foot (ft3) = 1728 in3 = 0.0283 m3
1 fluid ounce (fℓ oz) = 28.413mℓ
1 pint (pt) = 20 fℓ oz = 0.5683 ℓ
1 gallon (gal) = 8 pt = 4.5461 ℓ
Mass (Weight)
1 ounce (oz) = 437.5 grains = 28.35 g
1 pound (lb) = 16 oz = 0.4536 kg
1 stone = 14 lb = 6.3503 kg
1 hundredweight (cwt) = 112 lb = 50.802 kg
1 ton = 20 cwt = 1.016 t

5.4 Formulae
No Figure Perimeter Surface Area Volume
h
1 - ½ ah -
a
r
2 2πr πr² -
c
3 - 2(ab + bc + ca) Abc
a b
r 2 π rh
(curved surface)
4 h - πr²h
2 π r (h + r)
(total surface)
h
ℓ
5 - ½(base perimeter) ℓ + A ⅓ Ah
A
r
6 - 4πr² 1⅓ πr³
h πr ℓ
ℓ (curved surface)
7 - ⅓πr²h
πr (ℓ + r)
r (total surface)

5.4 Formulae (cont’d)

IRREGULAR VOLUMES
Prismoidal Formula
Volume = 1/6 x ℓ x (A1 + 4A2 + A3)
Divide the length into 2 number of sections at equal length.
ℓ is total length
A is area of cross sections
A1 A2 A3
Simpson’s Rule
Volume = 1/3 x ℓ x (A1st end + 4Aeven offset + 2Aodd offset… + A2nd end)
Divide the length into even number of sections equally.
ℓ is the length between cross sections
A is area of the cross sections
A1st end Aeven Aodd Aeven A2nd end

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Disclaimer:
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The information contained herein should be regarded as indicative and for general guidance only. Whilst
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however caused.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reﬂected in this costbook are Malaysian cost at 4th quarter 2019.

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BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | ii

| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 1

The construction industry in Malaysia is faced with lack of access,

The Building Cost Information Services Malaysia (BCISM Sdn Bhd)

BCISM is entrusted to operate the National Construction Cost

Construction Life Cycle Construction

Online Tender Price Seminars and

Provide a credible cost information service to the

Promote transparency with more equitable and

Provide advisory on construction economics to

Publish construction cost information to the

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 3

COST DATA COST INDEX

• Building Material Prices • Building Material Cost Index (BMCI)

4 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 5

BCISM Pocket Costbook 2020 is a compilation of useful construction

The construction costs for a variety of building types are given in

• Includes areas occupied by partitions, columns, internal structural

The information is meant as a reference for preliminary budgeting

6 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

2.2 Average Building Prices

B. Office/ Commercial Buildings

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 7

2.3 Average Mechanical and Electrical Prices

8 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

2.4 Major Unit Rates

No. Items Unit RM

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 9

2.4 Major Unit Rates (cont’d)

No. Items Unit RM

10 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

2.5 Major Materials Prices

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 | 11

• Base Index is at Q3 2016.

| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

2016 2017 2018 2019

Steel Ready Mixed

• Base Index is at Q3 2016.

2016 2017 2018 2019

Steel Ready Mixed

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |

2.7 Labour Wage Rate

14 | BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

• Base Index is at Q3 2016.

2016 2017 2018 2019

General Steel Bar

BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |

• Base Index is at Q3 2016.

| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020

2016 2017 2018 2019

General Steel Bar

Bricklayer Plasterer Tiler Painter

2.9 Machinery Hire Rate and Equipment