Order of Operations
PEMDAS
• If same level, start from
left to right
Associative Law Distributive Law
Addition- (77+2) +3 = 77+(2+3)
= Same answer
Multiplication – (1x2) X 3 = 1x(2x3)
= Same answer
Rules of Divisibility
2 - last digit is EVEN
3 - sum of the digit is DIVISIBLE by 3
4 - last two digits of number are divisible by 4
5 - last digit is 5 or 0
6 - even number and sum of digits is
divisible by 3
Percent
• Find the indicated percent
- ( a ) ( % ) ÷ 100
• Find the unknown number (percent)
- a ÷ % (100)
• Find the percent
- a ÷ b (100)
Commutative Law
Addition – a + b = b + a
Multiplication – a x b = b x a
a(b+c) = (axb) + (axc)
4(8+3) = 32 + 12
Rules of Divisibility
8 - last three digits are divisible by 8
9 - sum of the digits is divisible by 9
10 - last digit is 0
11 - sum every other digit and subtract the
remaining digits. if the result is divisible by 11, so
is the number
Power, Exponents and Roots
•
•
(xa)(xb) = xa+b
(xa)b = xa x b
• x0 = 1
• xa ÷ xb = xa-b
• (xy)a = (xa)(ya)
• √xy = (√x) (√y)
• 1/ a = x-a
x
 Power, Exponents and Roots
Common Factor
ax+ay+az = a(x+y+z)
• x a/b = b√xa
• (-1) n = positive if n is even/ negative
if n is odd Sum and Difference of Two Cubes
(x+y) (x2-xy+y2) and
(x-y) (x2+xy+y2)

Non-Perfect Trinomial Square of Binomials

6x2 - 7x - 3 = (2x-3)(3x+1)
(x+y)2 = x2 + xy + y2
Difference of Two Squares (x-y)2 = x2 - xy + y2
x2 - y2 = (x-y)(x+y)

Square of Multinomials Two Binomials with Like Terms

(x+y+z+m+n)2 = (Expansion)
x2 + y2 + z2 + m2 + n2 + 2xy + 2xz +
2xm + 2xn + 2 yz + 2ym + 2yn + 2zm + (2x-3)(3x+1) = 6x2 + 2x - 9x - 3
2zn + 2mn = 6x2 - 7x - 3

Sum and Difference of Two Numbers Biquadratic Equation

(x+y) (x-y) = x2 - y2
A degree w/o the terms of degree 1 and 3

Cube of Binomials Example: x^4 - 13x^2 + 36 = 0

(x+y)3 = x^3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 Formula: x = − b ± √ (b2 − 4ac) / 2a

(x-y)3 = x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3
 Quadratic Equation Work Problems
2 methods (1/x + 1/x) x = x
- Factoring
- Quadtratic Formula
Distance Problems
x = − b ± √ (b2 − 4ac) / 2a d = rt

Logarithms Properties Logarithms

Exponent Form: 34 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 81
Log Form: log381 = 4
- loga b + loga c = loga bc
- bloga c = loga(cb) log41 = 0 (Any non-zero number, 1 is always equation)

- loga b - loga c = loga (b/c) Take Note: A logarith w/o base the implicit base is 10

Fibonacci Sequence Harmonic Sequence

- first term is 0 and the second term is 1
- to get the next number, you need to sum
up the previous terms up
Example: 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13…
sequence such that the reciprocals of the
terms from an arithmetic sequence
Example:
-20, -26, -32,-38, - 44 (arithmetic example)
-1/20, -1/26, -1/32, -1/38, -1/44 (harmonic example)

Arithmetic Sequence Arithmetic Series

an = a1 + {(n-1) d} sn = n/2 (a1 - an)
- used when first and last term are known

Arithmetic Means sn = n/2 {2a + (n-1) d}

- are the terms between any two given terms
- last term is unknown but the difference is given