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Python is an interpreted high-level programming
language for general-purpose programming.
Created by Guido van Rossum and first
released in 1991, Python has a design philosophy
that emphasizes code readability, notably using
significant whitespace. It provides constructs that
enable clear programming on both small and
large scales.

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- easy to learn
- powerful programming language
- efficient high-level data structures
- simple but effective approach to OOP
- elegant syntax
- dynamic typing
- scripting and rapid application development

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 Guido van Rossum is a
Dutch programmer best known
as the author of the Python
programming language, for
which he is the "Benevolent
Dictator For Life" (BDFL).
From 2005 to December 2012,
he worked at Google, where
he spent half of his time
developing the Python
language. In January 2013, he
started working for Dropbox.

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Monty Python were a British surreal comedy group who
created their sketch comedy show Monty Python's Flying
Circus, which first aired on the BBC in 1969.

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Who uses python?

Bitbucket, Dropbox, Facebook, Google, Instagram, Netflix,

Pinterest, Quora, Reddit, Spotify, SurveyMonkey, Uber,
Yelp, Youtube

https://realpython.com/world-class-companies-using-python/

https://stackshare.io/python

https://www.python.org/about/success/

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Installing python (Windows)

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pip, pypi.org

youtube-dl
requests
flask
ipython

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Editors & IDEs

IDLE
Vim, Emacs
Atom, Visual Studio Code
Notepad++
Sublime Text
PyCharm

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Sublime Text

< 10 MB
Settings: tabs to spaces
File: Open Folder
View: sidebar, minimap
View: layout 1, 2, 3, 4
Plugins: Anaconda

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Python Syntax

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Variables, Data Types

question = 'What is the answer?'

answer = 42
percent = 0.25
power_on = True
disabled = False

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Boolean operations

and
or
not

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Console Input/Output

print('Some text')
print(1024)
print(question, answer)
name = input('Your name:')
age = int(input('Your age:'))

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Conditionals

if age < 18:

print("You're still a kid")
elif len(name) < 2:
print("That's not a name")
else:
print('Hello ', name, '. Enjoy your beer!')

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Looping with while

while not done:

option = read_option()
if option == 0:
break
if option > 9:
print('Valid options: 1..9')
continue
done = process_option(option)

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Data Structures

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Data Structures

list - ['this', 'is', 'the', 1]

set - {1, 3, 5, 7, 11}
dict - {'John': 24, 'Jane': 22}
tuple - (13.5, 7, 255)

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Lists

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(a)
print(a[0], a[-1], a[1:2])

del a[0]

a.append('x')
has_item = 4 in a

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Looping with for

elements = ['some', 'items', 3.14, 42, True]

for item in elements:

print(item)

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List comprehension

fruits = ['Banana', 'Apple', 'Lime']

loud_fruits = [f.upper() for f in fruits]
print(loud_fruits)

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Dictionaries

d = {'k': 'value'}
has_key = 'k' in d
value = d['k']
other_value = d.get('k2', 'missing')
d['k3'] = 'some value'
del d['k']

for key, value in d.items():

print(key, value)

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Tuples

p = (100, 120, 150)

c = (33, 44, 55)

p[0], p[1], p[2]

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Named Tuples
from collections import namedtuple

Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y', 'z'])

Color = namedtuple('Color', ['r', 'g', 'b'])

p = Point(1, 2, 3)
c = Color(r=100, g=200, b=250)

print(p.x, p[0], c.b, c[2])

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 Files

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File I/O

f = open('data.txt', 'r')
data = f.read()
f.close()

with open('data.txt') as f:
data = f.read()

# do stuff with data after closing the file

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Functions

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Functions

def do_the_dew(*args, **kwargs):

pass

def add(a=42, b=0):

return a + b

r = [add(1, 1), add(a=1, b=2), add(b=3), add()]

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Classes and OOP

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Classes

class Example:
def __init__(self, x):
self.x = x

def show_info(self):
print('Example:', self.x)

ex = Example(3.14159) # object
ex.show_info()

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Classes

@property

@classmethod
@staticmethod

def __repr__(self):
# ...

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OOP

Abstraction
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism

Duck Typing

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Design Patterns

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Design Patterns

Iterator
__iter__, __next__, StopIteration

Generator
yield

@Decorator

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Modules and Packages

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Modules, Packages
# some_module.py
# some_package/__init__.py

import some_module
import some_package
from some_module import SomeClass, some_fn

if __name__ == '__main__':
# ...

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Standard Library

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Standard Library

datetime: date, datetime

time: time, sleep
os: getcwd(), system(),
sys: argv
random: choice, sample, randrange, random
smtplib, poplib, email
json, csv
sqlite3

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Threads & Processes

import threading
Thread, start, join, target, Lock

import multiprocessing
Process, start, join, target, Lock

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Unit Testing

import unittest

class TestMath(unittest.Testcase):

def test_add_with_zero(self):
result = 42 + 0
self.assertEquals(result, 42)

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Errors and Exceptions

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Errors & Exceptions

Syntax Error vs Exception

Common: ValueError, TypeError, KeyError

try/except/finally

raise

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Web Development

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Flask
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def index():
return 'Hello, WWW!'

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

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HTML

<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" …
<title> … </title>
<style> CSS </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1> … </h1> <p>...</p> <img src=".." width="...">
<form method=".."> <input name=".." type=".."> </form>
</body>
</html>

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CSS

p {
background-color: silver;
border: 1px red dotted;
color: black;
display: block;
font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 16px;
margin: 10px;
padding: 4px;
text-align: justify;
}
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RDBMS, SQL, sqlite3

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SQL & RDBMS

CREATE
ALTER
DROP

SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE

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SQL & RDBMS

PK
Index

FK
One-to-many

Many-to-many
junction table

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sqlite3

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
c = conn.cursor()

x = ('0; DROP TABLE example; -- ',) # never trust user input

c.execute('SELECT * FROM example WHERE x=?', x)
result = c.fetchone()

conn.close()

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Git

git config

git init
git clone

git diff
git add
git commit -m "Verb regarding the changes"

git push origin master

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Heroku

heroku login
heroku create

server.py with a Flask app

requirements.txt with Flask and waitress

Procfile
web: waitress-serve server:app

git push heroku master

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What’s next?

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Life-Long Learning

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Flask

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-osiE80TeTs4UjLw5MM6OjgkjFeUxCYH

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Django

https://www.djangoproject.com/
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Q&A

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