Coupling (piping)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A Coupling (aka coupler) (piping or plumbing) is a very short length of pipe or tube, with a socket at
one or both ends that allows two pipes or tubes to be
jointed, welded (steel), brazed or soldered (copper, brass etc.) together.

Alternatively it is a short length of pipe with two female NPT (National pipe thread)s (in North American
terms, a coupler is a double female while a nipple is double male) or two male or female British
standard pipe threads.

If the two ends are different, for example one BSP threaded and one NP threaded, then it is usually
referred to as an adapter. Another variation is one plain socket and one threaded socket. Yet another
variation would be 3/4" NPT to 1/2" NPT.

When the two ends are of a different size it is called a reducing coupling or reducer.

Elbows are basically used to change the direction of the fluid flow. Two kind of elbows are used: 90
deg. elbow and 45 deg. elbow; 45 deg. elbows are also used in rolling of pipe.

Nipple (plumbing)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with
a male pipe thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings.

The length of the nipple is usually specified by the overall length with threads. It may have a hex
section in the center for wrench to grasp. A "close nipple" has no unthreaded area; when screwed
tightly between two female fittings, very little of the nipple remains exposed. A close nipple can only be
unscrewed by gripping one threaded end with a pipe wrench which will damage the threads and
necessitate replacing the nipple, or by using a specialty tool known as a nipple wrench (or known as
an internal pipe wrench) which grips the inside of the pipe, leaving the threads undamaged. When the
 ends are of two different sizes it is called a reducer or unequal nipple. A barrel nipple or a pipe nipple
is one which is usually made from pipe and is threaded only at both ends.

Screwed Pipe Fittings

H&G offer a full range of quality 316 stainless steel screwed fittings. These fittings are available ex stock in sizes
ranging from 1/8" to 2" and have a safe working pressures of 150psi or 3000psi. Available BSP or NPT.

90 Degree Elbow Welding Nipple Square Head Plug Hose Connector (Nipple)

Street Elbow Barrel Nipple Union F/F (Cone Seated) Reducing Adaptor F/M

45 Degree Elbow Parallel Nipple Union F/F (Flat Type) Reducing Socket

Equal Tee Full Socket Hexagon End Cap Hexagon Reducing Nipple
 Equal Cross Half Socket Round End Cap Hexagon Reducing Bush

Hexagon Nipple Hexagon Head Plug Hexagon Back Nut

The reducing socket which is constructed as a cage, is essentially formed by six walls, which are joined
together in a cube-shaped or parallelepiped-shaped manner. These walls are provided with openings for the
insertion of test vessels. The burrholes of the individual walls are of different sizes. These openings on an
individual wall may have both equal and different sizes. The supporting plate which is attached either within
or outside of the cage, covers the openings of this wall, which is situated opposite to the wall
accommodating the test vessels. If the supporting plate lies within the cage and the size of the test vessel is
changed, this plate falls by itself to the wall, the openings of which are covered-up. The reducing socket
according to the invention enables the use of different test vessel diameters, without requiring a particular
expenditure.

A street elbow is a type of plumbing or piping fitting intended to join a piece of pipe and another
fitting at an angle. The difference between a "street" elbow and a regular elbow is the nature of
the fittings on either end.A street elbow has a female fitting (hub or FIP) on one side and a male
pipe or MIP fitting on the other end. The advantage of the street elbow is that it can be connected
directly to another fitting without having to use a short connecting piece called a pipe nipple.

Pipe Cap
A pipe cap is a fitting with a female (inside) thread. It is used like a plug, except that the pipe cap screws on
the male thread of a pipe or nipple. A cap may have a solvent weld socket end or a female threaded end
and the other end is closed off. If a solvent weld cap is used to provide for a future connection point, it must
be left several inches of pipe before the cap (as when the cap is cut off for the future connection, there will
need to be enough pipe present to glue a new fitting onto).

Available in a wide range of sizes, caps can be made from Aluminum, Delrin, Ethyl Vinyl Acetate Monel,
Nylon, Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Silicrub Styrene Butadiene,
Steel Stainless steel etc.

The industrial caps can be round; square; rectangular; "U" shaped; "I" shaped and have Round Hand Grip or
Flat Hand Grip.
Pipe Tees Pipe Tee is a type of pipe fitting which is T-shaped having two outlets, at 90° to the connection to
the main line. It is a short piece of pipe with a lateral outlet. Pipe Tee is used to connect pipelines with a pipe
at a right angle with the line. Pipe Tees are widely used as pipe fittings. They are made of various materials
and available in various sizes and finishes. Pipe tees are extensively used in pipeline networks to transport
two-phase fluid mixtures.

A reducer normally refers to a fitting that is used to reduce the diameter of the suction piping to fit the pump
intake. It is thus used to join two pipes of different sizes. Reducer is available in both eccentric and
concentric designs. Concentric or eccentric reducers are used to properly reduce into and out of circulating
pumps. The various advantages include keeping big pipes and small pipes together as well as reducing
noise and vibration at the same time.

They are manufactured in a large number of materials, like Rubber, Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel, Copper,
Nickel, Polypropylene, PVDF (sanitary control). Also known as "tapered expansion joint", the reducers made
from rubber connect unequal size pipes that share a common centerline. These joints eliminate the need for
metallic reducers and at the same time provide sound and vibration isolation and expansion compensation.
The concentric reducer pipe fitting also allows both the inlet and outlet ends to align to a common center
line.

Some of the important parameters used to select a concentric reducer are pressure/vacuum, max temp
compression, approximate force, elongation etc. They are manufactured in various alloys, schedules, sizes
and flange configurations. Concentric reducers frequently trap air when used at the suction of the pump.