HYDRAULIC ACCESSORIES

Presented By:
DESHPANDE ADITYA N.
(112211)
 HYDRAULIC RESERVOIR OR TANK

FUNCTIONS:
1. Storage of hydraulic oil volume
2. Cooling of oil
3. Expansion of fluid
4. Removal of air
5. Settling of contaminations
6. Structural supports
7. Easy access
 Types

1. Pressurised reservoir.
2. Non-pressurised reservoir.
CONSTRUCTION & MOUNTINGS
 TANK
DESIGN
Leg

Gusset

GASKET

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L SHAPED DESIGN

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STACKED DESIGN

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RESERVOIR
 HEATERS & COOLERS
 Heaters are usually electric resistance heaters or
steam line heaters
 Cooling is done partially by the tank surface
area.
 Other coolers, call heat exchangers, may be used.

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ELECTRIC HEATER

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WATER COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER

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COOLER DETAILS

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 SYMBOLS
 RETURN TO TANK

 HEATERS

 COOLERS

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 SEALING
1. Positive seals-allows no leakage
2. Non-positive seals-allow some leakage for
lubrication
3. Static seals-compressed between 2 rigid
stationary parts
4. Dynamic seals-installed between 2 moving
parts
a) Wears quicker

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 CLASSIFICATION OF SEALS

 According to method of sealing :

I. Positive sealing.
II. Non-positive sealing.

 According to area of application:

I. Static seal.
II. Dynamic seal.
 According to shape configuration:
I. O-ring seal.
II. Quad-ring seal.
III. T-ring seal.
IV. V-ring seal.
V. U-cup ring.
VI. Hat ring.
VII. Wiper ring.
 According to application:
I. External sealing.
II. Internal sealing.
O-RING SEAL

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T-RING SEAL

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LIP SEAL

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CUP SEAL

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PISTON RING SEALS

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FACE SEAL

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 FUNCTIONS OF HYDRAULIC SEALS

1. To stop leakage of oil.

2. To maintain the pressure.
3. To keep out contamination in the system.
4. To enhance the working life of the system.
5. To enhance the functional reliability of
components over a longer period.
 DESIGN OF SEALS

a. Characteristics of the mating surface.

b. Characteristics of the medium.
c. Design and nature of the seal and seal
material.
 MATERIAL OF SEALS
 Leather.
 Metal.

 Polymers, elastomers and plastics

 Asbestos, nylon.
 FACTORS FOR SEAL SELECTION
 Working pressure and pressure range.
 Environmental condition.

 Fluid medium.

 Dynamic or static application.

 Temperature of the system.

 Functional reliability and expected life.

 CAUSES FOR SEAL FAILURE
 Damaged or worn out shafts.
 Incorrectly installed seals.

 Incompatibility of the seal material and oil.

 Groove design and shape.

 Working temperature.

 Eccentricity of mating surfaces.

 Poor installation.

 Lack of cleanliness.
 PIPING
 Iron & steel pipe were the first conductors used for
hydraulic systems.
 Still, widely used today because of their low cost.
 Pipe interior should be clean, no rust or scale.
 Use seamless pipe.
 SIZING PIPE
 Pipe is classified by nominal size & wall
thickness.
 Wall thickness can vary and is classed by a
schedule number. Schedule 10 to schedule 160.
 “Standard” pipe is schedule 40.
 ANSI sets standards for piping. Pipe has tapered
outside (male) threads.
 Joints are sealed by an interference fit as the
pipe joints are tightened.
 Pipe joint compound or Teflon tape help make a
secure pipe joint.
 Hydraulic systems should use “dry seal” type
threads.
PIPE SCHEDULES

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 PIPE SEALING

 Pipe has tapered outside (male) threads.

 Joints are sealed by an interference fit as the pipe
joints are tightened.
 Pipe joint compound or Teflon tape help make a secure
pipe joint.
 Hydraulic systems should use “dry seal” type threads.
PIPE THREADS
 PIPES/TUBES
 Rigid pipes-Steel Seamless(Joint less) pipes
 Semi-rigid pipes- Tubes
(copper/aluminium/steel)
 Flexible pipes-Nylon/Plastic/PVC.
PIPE FITTINGS
 MATERIALS FOR PIPES
 Steel.
 Copper.

 Aluminium.

 Zinc coated Galvanised pipes.

 TYPES OF PIPE CONNECTORS
 Straight coupling.
 Tee joint.

 Bracketed elbow.

 Bend.

 Elbow.

 Cross tee.

 Split flange.

 Reducer.

 Blanking plug.

 Nipple.
HOSES
 HOSE MATERIALS
1. Plastic:
 Nylon.

 Braided nylon hose.

 Polyvinyl chloride.

 Textile braided hoses.

 Teflon.

1. Homogeneous synthetic rubber:

 Buna N (nitrile rubber)
 Neoprene.
 Butyl.
 HOSE SELECTION CRITERIA
 Pressure .
 Temperature.

 Fluid compatibility.

 Degree of vibration.

 Abrasion resistance.

 Flexibility.

 Shock and mechanical load.

 ADVANTAGES
 Rubber hoses can be well equipped with quick
connect-disconnect end fittings.
 It can be manufactured in long lengths.

 It is capable of withstanding to very high

pressures.
 They can absorb very heavy shocks than rigid
tubes.
 DISADVANTAGES
 Very poor in abrasion resistance.
 Poor in resisting whether condition.

 Initial cost is very high.

 They can damage due to incompatible oil.

 RELIABILITY TEST OF HOSES
 Visual examination.
 Dimensional check.

 Leakage test.

 Cold flexing test.

 Oil absorption test.

 Ozone resistance test.

 Proof test.

 Burst test.

 Impulse test.
 ACCUMULATORS
 Function:
To store excess hydraulic energy and on demand
make the stored energy available to the system.
It resembles to flywheel in the IC engine or
capacitor in the electric circuit.
ACCUMULATOR
ACCUMULATOR
TYPES OF ACCUMULATORS
 Spring Loaded
 Gas Charged (Nitrogen)
 Weight Loaded
 Hydraulic Counter Loaded
 DEAD WEIGHT ACCUMULATOR
 When this accumulator
is connected in system
the pressurised oil is
supplied to the system.
 This can be used as it
provides constant
pressure throughout
the stroke & also
supply large amount of
pressurised oil.
 SPRING LOADED ACCUMULATOR
 It uses spring resilience to
keep constant pressure
discharge.
 It is compact.

 But when spring expands

it gives off the stored
energy very quickly and
thus cannot give uniform
pressure .
 GAS CHARGED ACCUMULATORS
 Temperature handling range is less.
 HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
 Functions:
i. To transfer hydraulic energy.
ii. To lubricate all parts.
iii. To avoid corrosion.

iv. To remove impurities and abrasion.

v. To dissipate heat.
 PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
1) Good lubricity.
2) Stable viscosity characteristics.
3) Chemical stability.
4) System compatibility.
5) Good heat dissipation.
6) High flash point.
7) Low foaming tendency.
8) Low volatility.
9) Good demulsibility.
10) Non toxic, easy to handle and available.
 HYDRAULIC OILS USED IN INDIA
1. Servosystem311
2. Servosystem314
3. Servosystem317
4. Servosystem321
5. Servosystem328
6. Servosystem 526
7. Servosystem533
8. Servosystem563
 MAINTENANCE OF HYDRAULIC OILS
1. Pre-filtration
2. Water contamination
3. Steps to combat .
4. Total acidity number.
5. Oxidation.
6. Change of oil.
 FILTERS
 Function: retention of insoluble contamination.
 Strainer is a coarse filter.

Pressure filters, return line

filters, offline filters,
standard filters
(single / change-over)

Mobile filters

Suction filters

Tank breather filters

Clogging
indicators

Filter elements
 TYPES OF FILTERS
 Surface filter-these are simple screens used to
clean oil passing through their pores. e.g. a
strainer.
 Depth filter-they are thick walled filter elements
through which oil is made to pass and thus
clogged the undesirable foreign particles.
 Full-flow filter-all the flow is through filter.

 By-pass filter-only portion of total oil is passed

through filter and the main portion is directly
passed without filtration.
STRAINER
FILTERS
INLET LINE FILTER

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PRESSURE LINE FILTER

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BY-PASS FILTER

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 RETURN LINE FILTERS
 Trap very small particles before the fluid returns
to the tank.
 Should not cause back pressure.

 Have to be able to bypass the filter if the element

becomes blocked.
 Have to be able to handle system flow &
pressure.

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RETURN LINE FILTER

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 FILTER SPECIFICATIONS
 Mesh number
 Standard sieve number

 Beta ratio

 Weight of particles to be held

 Flow capacity

 Pressure rating

 Pressure drop

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 FILTERING MATERIALS
 Absorbent filters are divided into 2 types; depth
& surface filters.
 Surface filters are for coarse filtration

 Depth type filters are better for fine filtration.

 Cellulose, synthetics, glass fibers or a

combination of these are used to make filters.

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FILTER HOUSING

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HEAT EXCHANGERS
Fluid Level
Gauges

Test Points

Quick
Release
Couplings

Threaded
Connections
THANKS!!!!