Voices 4 Workbook

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StartleI' unit

Crossing Iill!iltul:'es

Our clilanging world

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is / there are, can and do

1 Circle the correct words.

Where do 18Jackie study?

;:~

1 How many people in the class do c::;'\~peak

French?

2 How many sweets is I~ in my pocket?

How many brothers a\'cr sisters do / '~~31'0u got?

4 What are Ii!); your English teacher's name?

2 Complete the questions for these answers.

His surname is Torres. What's his surname?

He's 30 years old. How uP"""" cQ~. (

J

I'm going with my brother.

Who Qse "f')\\ <:,!::l\00" I'm going to the beach.

Where __

4 It arrives at seven o'clock.

What _

I'm running because I'm late!

Why __ ~---------------------

Verbs,rrouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions

3 Write these words in the correct column. Then add one more word to each list.

verbs nouns adjectives

adverbs prepositions
usuaf/y (J\, I..l.\J- \ ('(\ I (S~ 4 Order the words to make sentences. always I up I Jamie I late I gets. Jamie afwaJSJets u,o fate.

1 never I He I at I arrives I time I school I on.

~Q {\Q\:\C.(' ("~~~ \\\ Q:~L'1,. ()t; -,«>

every I misses I bus I morning I He I the.

3 are I him I teachers I often I His I angry I with.

4 his I week I He I every I keys I loses.

socks I forgets I on I to I He I put! sometimes I his.

6 his I does I He I homework I never.

with?

Quantity


o

The postman hasn't got@!some letters for you. 1 HOW __ ~_~~tudents is I§)going on the trip?

2 HO~~ many does it cost to join the

sports centre? ?

There are-~~ any fantastic beaches in Mallorca.

4(il~1 Are there a library in the village?

5 'i'~e got lot of I";~ homework this week. 6 How much I~ubjects do you study at

school?

/®ircle the correct form of the verb.

I love (1) learn I to learn 1~languagesit's my favourite hobby. I don't like (2) go I to go I going to language classes but I don't mind

(3) listen I to listen I listening to CDs and watching DVDs. I hate (4) study I to study I studying long lists of vocabulary. I prefer teaching myself languages. I'd rather (5) visit! to visit I visiting

the country where the language is spoken than

go to class. I enjoy (6) talk I to talk I talking to people in shops and cafes, reading the paper and watching TV. I take a notebook with me and write down new words and phrases as I learn them. Ilike (7) draw I to draw I drawing little pictures

to remind me of the meaning. At the moment

I'm teaching myself a bit of Chinese. It's not easy but I love a challenge!

II

[

Comparatives and superlatives

6 Complete the questions with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Are you ofder than your best friend?

(oldr-------··-· ., .

1 What is the \oc,,,.60.,, programme on TV?

. -' .

(bad) . \ fif,· t

Who is the h'\ hcLiLliJ1n, person you know? (intelligent)

Is your English \."~,~fV" than your French? (good)

4 Do you think Chinese is than

French?

(difficult)

Who is the ~ person in your family?

(short)

Is your town than Barcelona?

(big)

Which is the basketball team in

your country? (good)

Dnswer the questions in exercise 6 so they are true for you.

2

4

6

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/1 "

/3 .Order the words to make sentences.

( / tie-dyed / got! T-shirt! She's / a / cotton. J She's aot a tie-dyed cotton T-shirt.

..r j

1 wool/ I / hat / like / your / tartan.

2 at / those / Look / socks / cotton / striped.

got / silk / dress / flowery / has / a / She.

4 plain / She's / wearing / jacket / leather / a.

He's / denim / checked / shirt / a / wearing.

c' \

\ ~ ~rite three true sentences about your clothes. '\,,~e two adjectives in each sentence.

"Zevejot aplain cotton T-shirt.

Vocabulary 1

n

'.J Recycle Order the letters to write the names of

clothes.

is-Thrt T-shirt
1 enjsa
2 hirst
sitkr
4 retusros
5 otshrs
6 skosc Materials and patterns

1 Complete the words with the missing vowels.

1 t_i_.£-dy.£d 2
2 pl __ n
3 s t r -p- d
4 ch ck d 31U 4
t r t n
6 fl _w_ry :;:m: ~(r2\M hhb" fh ':hh'

l ,ate t e egmnmgs 0 t e sentences Wit t err

Vendings.

1 Cotton [f]

D D D

D D

Leather

Denim

4 . Wool 5 Silk

6 Velvet

a) comes from sheep.

b) is the name for strong blue cotton,

c) makes shoes, jackets and belts.

d) is very soft and beautiful.

e) comes from the fibres in the seeds of a plant.

f) is made by insects.

Grammar 1

Present simple and present continuous

Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.

At the moment I He wears glasses

She's wearing sunglasses 4 We aren't wearing

Do they live

I don't buy

a) our best clothes today.

b) in our street?

c) every day.

d) because it's a sunny day.

e) clothes from that shop.

f) am studying English.

4 Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

AYe you 6tudying for the exam next

week? (study)

1 I that boy - he lives on my street.

(know)

_____ you that these

sunglasses are in fashion? (think)

They are in the clothes shop at the moment.

They new clothes. (buy)

4 If you want to make a jumper you _

wool. (need)

I that Duffy is great, 1 _

her new song. (think / like)

6 you a drink before

we have dinner? (want)


r Interview with a ;;od~I--- --- , _- ":

I~~~~~_ _ J

Q~I Are yoil travelling a lot?

A Yes, I (1) am going I go to fashion shows all over Europe.

Q Do you work every week?

A No, I (2) work / am worki"g two weeks every month. At the moment I (3) don't work I 'm not working.

Q (4~ Do you always wear I Are you always wearing fashionable clothes'!

Iii. No. Wce~ I'm not wori<irn3 I (5) wear I

am wearing simple clothes - like mow (6) I wear I 1'm wearing a plain l-shirt and a pair of jeans.

Q (7) Do you like I Are you liking signing autograruhs]

A No, I don't really like being famous. I am quite shy, to tell you the truth.

I (8) know I am knowing that's strange.

Q Bet do you enjoy being d model?

A Oh yes! I (9) think I am thinking I aOl'l very lucky.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs.

wear listen dID wonk

They are wearing wool jumpers because it is very cold taday.

1 Haw often ("'9D you ~\f:l\ to the

radio?

2 We are in Susan's room at the moment - we I-c.,("l-\'\\\~ur homework.

She (~~£¥, glasses because she can't see

verYr"\'.e\1I.

4 We '$\ex'\ to the footba II match an the

radio because we are watching it on TV.

Sam \Y'EO(}"r in a clothes shop an

Saturdays.

6 My dad in China at the moment,

I always my homework before I

have dinner in the evening.

State verbs

3 Circle the state verbs.

1 (ff§l 2 study 3 work
4 travel 5 need 6 sell
Q) eat ~naw -,think
10 wear ~want 12 buy PDF

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Grammar 2

4 Complete the text with who. which or where.

Relative pronouns


My home is a place which I~I feel relaxed. 1 This book is about a man who I which discovers a secret.

2 Reporters are people which I who write news reports.

This is the book which I where sold most copies last year.

4 That's the hotel which I where the rich people stay!

Those are the clothes who I which I'm going to wear tonight.

c) glasses
4 d) rings
nail e) laces
f) style
g) bag
8 sun h) stud H R G C 0 I S H A P N J
H E A D A C H E U T G H
S T A Z T A K P B 0 R E
A F Y D R E H W T A J A
H 0 S E Q Y H 0 F S Q D
E X D U I U E L T Y A P
A E P D L H A B D N L H
D L H E A D D R I M H 0
T V 0 D W K L T T R I N
E 0 N T K U I L 5 E L E
A H E A D Q N J 0 0 R S
C M 5 F T E E I Y E U 5
H W E V 0 D 5 L 5 R L E
E Y H E A D L I G H T S
R E N V N F A M D E A R ~ Look at the picture and complete the text with these words.

A? =< (

band sllinglasses.,.-bairstyle~ nail ~rnish handbag shoe:TaGes ,fsfud

2 Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.

A postman is a person [f]
2 A disco is a place Cl
Rap is a kind of music D
4 Supermarkets are places D
5 Jeans are trousers D _--""""- __ is friends with the stars. Stella knows all about being famous. Her father is

Sir Paul McCartney (2) was a member of The Beatles.

Stella went to art college in London

(3) she studied fashion design.

Her creations were modelled by her good

friends (4) were the supermodels

Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss.

Stella went to live in Paris (5) she

worked for the fashion house Chloe. She later

moved to New York (6) she

started her own company. She now designs

clothes (7) _

Emily has three diamond-shaped earrin3s

and she's wearing a pair of (1) -,-_D.=''--- _

She hasn't got a nose (2) '1- but

she's wearing a lot of make-up. She's got a trendy

(3) '2,. and she's wearing a head

(4) S . She's putting on

a) which is popular with young people.

b) which almost all teenagers wear.

c) where you dance.

d) where you can buy food.

e) who delivers letters.

(5) at the moment, and her

~ Write the compound nouns in exercise 3 next to each definition. Use a dictionary if necessary.

(6) is on the floor. Her shoes

haven't got any (7) _

3 Rewrite the two sentences as one sentence using who, which or where.

Shakira is a singer. She's famous everywhere. Shakira is a sin__,qer who is famous everywhere.

2

1 Football is a sport. It is very popular in the UK.

2 Alejandro Sanz is a Spanish singer. He lives in Miami.

5 Complete the sentences so they are true for you. _____ is a place where I want to go

one day.

Pepe Reina is a Spanish goalkeeper. He plays for Liverpool.

4

_____ is a famous person who I'd like

to meet.

_____ is the film which I like the most.

4 is the person who I talk to

every day.

4 Pizza is an Italian dish. It is eaten allover the world.

your head hurts.

_____ is the shop where I buy my

The Guggenheim is a museum. You can see the latest modern art.

clothes.

_____ is a food which I like eating.

6

front of a car.

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it grammar check

1IIIIIIIIiIiI~~~~;:~~~~~~=========== ---;-~ead the text and circle the correct words.

. a lYirate

... olGlfliles like this

4

1 a) wear

2 a) do you think

b)~

b) are you thinking

6

7 4\\:i>~"; \Xr"l:'~,,'t\\I'\ l'..\.. 8

Error correction

2 Correct the sentences.

He always wear sunglasses in the summer. X He a1wa15.wears sUN!flasses in the summer:

DoO;;-e want to buy some shoes? )(

We not go to school by bus. )(

She don't wearing a skirt today. )(

4 Is watching TV your sister? )(

She is wearing a uniform every day? X

6 Rappers are people which add vocals to dance music. X

A disco is a place who you can dance. X

Translation

3 Translate the corrected sentences from exercise 2

3 a) don't usually wear b) 'rn not usually wearing

~t)\('.\ji~i3~(l~·m going b) go

.t"SJ\; - '\ ,5 a) who b) which

IT~ a) is organizing b) organizes

~-"v7'a) are liking b) like

8 a) buy b) are buying

9 a) are having b) have

1 2 3 4

6

10 a) wears

11 a) is taking

b) is wearing b) takes

5 @D listen and check your answers.

Reading

1 Read the text quickly and tick (.f) the items of clothes that are mentioned.

3 ~ Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.

When did women wear corsets?

corsets IZl jumpers 0
jeans D 7 miniskirts D
shoes c:J 8 bikinis D
4 tops D 9 raincoats ~
hats D 2 What kind of health problems did corsets cause?

2 Find words in the text that mean:

3 What health risks do high-heeled shoes have?

suffered very small

losing consciousness

4 shoes, sandals, boots, etc below 0° C

fashionable

e' _

4 Which famous people wear very high heels?

Why do some women wear inappropriate clothes in cold weather?

What do fashion victims think of umbrellas?

century the most important item in a fsshionaJiJle women's wardrobe was her corset. It allowed herto pull her body into the accepted shape of the day Not everyone was lucky enough to have a tiny waist, so women pushed amd

pulled tloeir flesh until their body was the rigl1lt shape, then quickly tied their corsets into place - often causing fainting, deforJiQity arlO long-term health problems - all in the nerne 0' fashion.

Everybody "as' probably owned at least me pair ofuacomforteble shoes in their life. But for some fashion vicuims, walking in tight-titting, painful fcotwear isa small price to pay for looking good. They don't call stilettos 'killer heels' for nothing'

Doctors warn that wearing shoes with five, six or seven mch heels puts extreme pressure Of] tbe toes al'1o €an lead to' Gone deformities - not to mention a very real risk of falling over and spraining an ankle or breaking one of t~e bores in your foot. But this hasn't stopped the rise of the super-high heel as wornl§y celebrities like Geri Halliwell or Kate Beckinsale. Author Stephanie Peldersen has written a book ebeut shoes if) which she claims that every year ir.l Britailil alone ar0Ufld 200,000 people need emergency hospital treatment as a result of shoe-related problems.

Another way that we suffer just to look good is when we go out in subc~ero ternoeretues wearing clothes designed for the tropics. Woolly jumpers and layers simply

aren't cool, but tif1Y tops and thish-higlil, miniskirts are! lihe same thil'lg goes for raim. Raincoats just aren't trendy and umbrellas are for losers. It's better to get wet!

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~-U"-'Ll__ students like the freedom to express their own personalities.

It SeR6 to me that students are more relaxed and comfortable in their own clothes. 4 I ~tl::e0.~J\1t there is less pressure on students who can't afford the latest fashions.

As -0J:''L as I can see, students have a shared identity and feel they belong to the

same school.

6 &lx'it think that students look neater and tidier in school uniforms.

Plan

o Read the opinions in exercise 1 and decide whether they are arguments in favour of (for) wearin~ school uniform or against. it. Write F for for and A fer against.

10

2 D

3 0

40

5 0

6 0

e Prepare to w.r:ite about school uniform. Write notes about your opinions in the table below,

Notes
Paragraph 11 0 Desctlile your experience of wearing
or not wearing school uniform.
Paragraph :2 0 Expl'ain your opinion about school
uniform based on your experience or
your friends' experiences.
Paragraph 3 0 (jive your opinion about wheth.er you (_--- q
tllink school uniTo,m is a good idea.
' ..
'H __ a short text giving your opinion on school uniform. Use the notes you made irn exercise 3 help you,

Check

o Check your writing, Check you have used expressions for giving opinions, Check your spelling.

Dialogue builder

Making a complaint

Circle the correct words.

=--

1 There's I There are a problem with

this CD.

What's the matter with I for it? Have you got the ticket I receipt for these trousers?

4 Do you want to change it for I by another one?

I like II'd like a refund, please.

2 ~ Listen and check your answers,

3 Mark is returning a CD to a shop, Write Mark's sentences in the correct place in the dialogue.

a) No, thanks. I'd like a refund, please.

b) Thanks very much.

c) No, I used cash.

d) Yes, just a minute. Here it is.

e) The last four songs are missing.

f) Yes, there's a problem with this CD.

Assistant Hello, can I help you?

Mark (1) _

Assistant Oh, I'm sorry. What's the matter with it?

Mark (2) _

Assistant Really? That's strange. Have you got the

receipt?

Mark (3) _

Assistant Thanks. Do you want to change it for

another CD?

Mark (4) _

Assistant OK. Did you pay by card?

Mark (5) _

5 Julia is returning a baseball cap to a shop because there's a stain on it. Look at the pictures and complete the dialogue using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.

Assistant Hello, can I help you?

Julia (1) _

"'''! Assistant There you go. That's £10.

Of(, Mark (6) _

4 C2B listen and check your answers.

Assistant Oh, I'm sorry. What's the matter with it?

Julia (2) _

Assistant Oh, dear. Have you got the receipt?

Julia (3) _

Assistant Thanks. Do you want to change it for another cap?

(4) _

Assistant OK. Did you pay for the cap by card?

(5) _

Julia

Assistant There you go. That's £6.99.

Julia (6) _

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,plete the postcard with the correet form of "erbs in brackets,

Compound nouns: fashion accessories

lZ Match the words to make compound-nouns.

mail a~ band

head 0) sty I.e
nose c) riflg
4 hair d) stud
ear e) varnish Present simple and, j;!resel'lt continuous

3 Order the words to make questions.

bus I you I school I catch l1:he I DO I to ?

2 you I at I having I moment Iluoch 1 Are I the ?

you I weekend 1 do I at I go I the I W.here ?

4 you I are I moment! doing I What I the I at ?

you I often I a I do I read I comics I How?

6 you I Are I now I reading I comic I a ?

Dear Mum, r

. I m in the, Ne,w I'ore,st At the, momw We,II, here, a (iNrite:) this postcard at 1(1) --------;; (2) __ my table, before, lunch. e, , locK and then we,

(, :\ h e,rydayatone,oc

\.have) iunc e,v (do) the, washing up. We,

(3) -- (go) on a trip every day to (4) __

a different place. Today we (5) -(visrt) some, ?'oman ruins. I (6) --

r. :\ Ann eve,ry day but she, (7) __

1S'e.e). .' hut Chis buSy at the, moment -

~1e,e,P) In the, girls. (help) with the, cleaning,

she, (8) -- d today it's the, girls The, boys and girls taKe, turns an

turn,

LoVe" ?obbie

Relative pronouns

5 Coned the sentences.

Rosa is the girl which is wearing the black f-shirt. i<

Is that the cinema who YGU saw the new Brad Pitt film? i<

3 This is the magazine who I read every week. i<

4 My rmp3 player is the object where I can't live without. i<

Malaga is the city which my best friend lives. i<

6 "Rat's the model which I saw last week at the fashion show. i<


Molly Jade Molly Jade Melly Jade Molly Jade Molly Jade Molly

Look! There's that new boy (1) . ., everybody is talking about at the moment. What - him? I (2) . , what's so special about him.

He's really cool. He (3) . ., designer clothes and he (4) .,. fantastic. Well, he (5) .,. designer clothes today!

That's because (6).,. his school uniforrnl

What (7) ." at the weekend then?

He wears really cool T-shirts and tigl:1t jeans. Right. Very original!

Don't be sarcastic. (8) .,. hi",,?

1(9) .,. he's special. He's OK, but he's not exactly Brad Pitt! Look, Re (10) .,. into that'cafe tll) .,. my brother wooks.

Jade And?

Molly Maybe my brother (12) .,. him. Come on! I (13)

1 a) which bJ who

2 a) am not uJ;)derstanding b) don't understand

.,. a cold drink.
c) he
c) not understand'
c) iswearinq
c) looks
c) mot wearing
c) he does wear
c) is fi'te wearing
~) Aren't YOW likin§
C). dom't think
c) going
c) which
c) knows
c) ~ a) wearing 4 a~ is looking

5 a) isn't wearing 6 a) he wears

7 a) does he wear 8 a) Don't you like 9 a) not think

10 a) is going , 11 a) where

12 a) knowinq

13 a) am needing

"') wears b) lookinq

b) doesn't wear b) he's wearinq b) wears he

b) You diDn't like b) alim 00t thinkinq b) go

b) who

2 @II Listen to a radio pr.e'grramme about a fashien desi~ner.

3 t.isten agair:1 and €irde the correct words.

Mary Quant is British I Amerkan.

2 Mary opened a elothes I make up sheD <ailed Bazaar. 3 4 5 6

Britain I Japan.

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Vocabulary 1

. ,.

faJ Recycle Find these eight past tense verbs in

the wordsquare.

Y R V Q D C Z U WW
S A N K E R F R W P
S T N L S A Z I J S
R Z K F T S F R D C
F L E W R H E E M R
Z U T H 0 E L S H E
N I F 0 Y D L C D A
H C H J E 0 U U U M
N C K K D E 0 E Q E
L U 0 I A G C D 0 D flew
fell
sank
4 crashed
5 rescued
6 destroyed
7 screamed
8 hit 3 Complete the text with words from exercise 1 .

Verb collocations

Write these words in the correct column.

~--------------~'----~--~

take

say tell

make

2 Complete the sentences with some of the expressions from exercise 2.

The teacher picked up the book and said, 'Now

children. I'm going to tell a story

I don't know what to decide, but I have to ______ before tomorrow.

Don't lie to me! You know I hate it when

people don't _

She sent a text to her friend to _

for the birthday present.

4 Tom did his homework very carefully. He didn't

want to _

Smile everybody! I'm going to _

Sann escaped that nigmt. He took a

(9) of himself on a bead" io Bresil

an€! sent it to f;jis old cell nmate. On tP.1e back it sai<ft 'I 'mew you were telling (10)

Grammar 1

Past simple and past continuous

3 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

I was /r.'stenina to the radio when I

heard ./ the news about the prisoners escaping. (listen / hear)

1 While they , the thief

______ from the police.

(not look / escape)


They dug /~a tunnel when the guards discovered them.

The plane hit / was hitting the ground and exploded.

While the fire was burning they evacuated / were evacuating the building.

We were flying / flew to Japan when the engine failed.

4 Where were you standing / did you stand when the tiger escaped?

Did you see / Were you seeing the bank robbers run away?

We in the park when we

______ the dog escaping from its owner. (sit! see)

While we our friends we

______ a show with some amazing

escapologists. (visit / watch)

4 The prisoners a hole in the

wall of their cell when the prison guard ______ and caught them.

2 Match the questions with their answers.

Was the prisoner trying to escape? lEl
2 Were the prison guards sleeping? D
3 Did the guards see the prisoner escaping? D
4 Did you see the prisoner escaping? D
Did a car arrive to pick up the escaped
prisoner? D
6 Did the prisoner's friend help him escape? D
Was the car going very fast? D
8 Were we listening to the radio when he
escaped? D (make / arrive)

______ TV when the news about the

prison break _

(you / watch / appear)

4 Read the text and circle the correct answers.

Tbe Scar[et Pimperne[

The year was 1792, and France (1)~)! was being in the middle of a bloodthirsty revolution. While the leaders of the revolution (2) planned / were planning a reign of terror, hundreds of French aristocrats (3) were attempting / attempted to escape from France. Most of them (4) failed / were failing. But help was at hand! A master of disguise known as the Scarlet Pimpernel

(5) was deciding / decided to save the helpless aristocrats from the guillotine. Nobody (6) knew I was knowing his real identity except his loyal followers - the League

of the Scarlet Pimpernel - and he (7) rescued / was rescuing many aristocrats from certain death. While he (8) was carrying out / carried out his daring rescue attempts, he (9) met / was meeting his future wife, a beautiful French actress. (10) Did the revolutionaries catch / Were the revolutionaries catching the Scarlet Pimpernel in the end? Find out!

a) No, they didn't.

b) Yes, he was.

c) No, we weren't.

d) Yes, they were.

e) Yes, it was.

f) Yes, he did.

g) No, I didn't.

h) Yes, it did.

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Your complimentary use period has ended. j Thank you for using PDF Complete. ~n;m:;;:;:;;;:~~

1 Ibio 2 Ifan 3 I com

h these words with the extracts.

~~a)etasy

~ , b) J seller

~ c) ~ graphy

41auto ~ d) ~;==C''LiC====:

5 ~ e) 2 biOgraPhyr

6~ f)2end I

2 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 1.

I love fan(45)' books like The Rabbit and The Chronicles of Narnia.

This novel has sold millions - it's a _

over the world.

2 Barack Obama's book about himself is really

interesting. It's the best --I've ever

read.

3 Spiderman is rn¥.~o.\l!tl'~.7'---- book character. I like Batman too.

4 I love reading about people like

Robin Hood and King Arthur.

If you want to know about the life of Houdini

there's a very interesting about

him by Adam Woog.

3 Match the words in each box to make compound nouns.

#lm- news role science text

book fiction play report Sffipt

film ,cript

1 2

4

ience fiction [£J
book D
film script D
4 role play D
5 news report D a)

Asia correspondent told us that morning a devastating earthquake half a million buildings hundreds of people. The search contiNues for surv:iyors btlt hope is runniNg OHt

b)

I Plants feed themselves through a process of photosynthesis. For this process they need carbon dioxide, water and light. After this process they produce oxygen and

c)

d)

Scene

11'1 the kitchen of Chantal's luxury Belgravia flat

Ben ,- hurry UIJ! We're going to be late fer she premiere.

Chantal

e)

3 Write questions using the present perfect.

They I ever go I to a role play of a historical battle?

Have they everga"e to a ro{eplay' efa historicalhattle? 1 She I ever eat I octopus?

\v,.", s~p (']. \Q'~' On\i:l(', 6r\oo\}~,,(

2 The prisoners I escape / again?

\('\.1,':!!Vv'''' ~,,\s;\00ez, 9\'{>ocodJIC@lln You I ever see / an escape artist?

\\_~_l}Q_ vr..:f-.) Pt0:Y' "-00 nt'\' 0):;:£:o'OO.~

4 She/tell/v;,u all of the answers? :-1""'<1

\U.h, c:\, (,) \,((',;d1j" .r\\\ {'vCi n \\ ,\ \\0 O'(,:'!if"S

The children I watch I Chicken Run'?' , ,

\r0J..~'0 ,-0,-p tt~\~t()~\{~\ \ l.l(\\ct\ C\."\~ ~~._ You I read I The Count of Monte Cristo?

'r"c\J)p ("ell', ('?')C''If'' \\,,0 Co CJ:\ \ (',,\;I U'...cx\ \12') (\ r~\$,\.() )

Grammar 2

Present perfect

Write the past participles of these verbs.

infinitive crash

speak 2 eat

3 tell

4 fall

past participle crashed

4 Write short answers for the questions in exercise 3.

Yes, they have
Yes,
2 No,
3 No,
4 No,
Yes,
6 Yes, 5 Complete the text with the present perfect form of the verbs in bracke~

Yachtswoman escape.s all obstacles to become record-breaker

marry arrive

Yachtswoman, Dee Caffari, lias been" (be) at sea for 9"1 days. She (1) la,rOn\Q {becotne] the first

2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs from exercise 1.

A plane has crashed in Amsterdam. Most of the passengers have survived.

The famous football player Leo Roldino ~oS, mox\\\('d\. Paris Smith in a secret ceremony in Gibraltar.

The team that vyonoEhe World Cup

"'C\S o.('\'(II<Jf' at Barajas airport. Crowds of people are waiting to see them.

The Prime Minister v"ru, ~0,..Q

reporters that he will attend the meeting.

4 Most of the survivors ""c.\""" ~O\'2(\_\:(J?O\ to psychologists.

Nobody knows how many people

PJ'AV-::Y'\ the poisonous meat.

Temperatures \,r~c: ,~~~Q\_od. by

10 degrees in some parts of the country.

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grammar check

111~~Im:~~~;~;~~c:Q:rr:'I~ITf;;a~Q5C::~~&'ii~'1'~F~j~t~h~e~t~e:xt::and circle the correct words. ",\,t;t)N,'\l:'j~'(

,._____

3 4

7 8

~Error correction X fZ\ Correct the sentences.

\The plane was flying very low when it was crashing. ~

Theplane was flying very low when if crashed

1 While I read the newspaper the phone rang. X

\ ,~\\ «) \ \\'!'''- ('OCtc\,c\:'1C~'. ~\,p "'~\~"':;". Where did you sitting when th'~ accident happened? X

l~,"<X'o AiM C'\!\ \~\.)0(i> <;:\t

I not was reading with the TV on. X (~"i..

4 Have he ever been to a birthday party? X \'a:::. '«'E:>.

They have visit lots of schools. X \;-N'8~'J1';'~

6 This sport has becomed very popular over the last few years. X

"o?~_.

He is been a member of the club since 2003. X ~\,.

I

\

~ Ttranslation \ \

,\3jTranslate the corrected sentences from exercise 2

\' lnto your language.

1 2

4

. (c.6.~

The first! season of Prison Break 1) ... out In 200S.le was

about (~.br;o[~ersl Lincoln ana Michael. Whe!:1~~L~ . (2)~'t'l'rtSon because the Rotice fals~(3f'"=lirm of - v murder, Michael (4~~~~~/~r-t~5)!t~l!»)

hrs brother was innocenkso he (§r~~1~cape plan.

While ~li--'l.I!l.K~d~·~~hi:s in a cell, Michael (8)Q;;!hrs b(;iIYi~ttoos of the prison pia,\, and (9JcO,ti;; ~, a bank robbery in order to go to jail himsel~At the end

of the firs~ se~L_incoln, Michae'] and six otrer priso~r-s (10)S;~~the second series~o"ndout

what (11) ... next. ..

~

~------~---------------------------------------------------------------------------------,

I

Reading

Lei me oul!

ago Harry-

~ .\

a)~ b) was coming \

2 a) went b) was going \

3 a) accused b) were aCCUSin\'

4 a) worked b) was working

a) knew b) was knowing

6 a) thought b) was thinking \

7 a) spent b) was spending \

8 a) covered b) was covering

a) committed b) was committing \

('\10 a) escaped b) were escaPing. __ \

-----------------------------------l: 11 a) happened b) was happening "

----------------------------------- '\ 5 j~ Listen and check your answers.

\) \

Sid didn't like being alone, He was looking for love and he used every opportunity to escape from his home in order to find it. What is strange is that Sid isn't a person - he's actually an octopus!

escapologist Harry Houdini - got out

of the same tank and climbed halfway up the centre's staircase looking for the way out!

Sid was living at the Portobello Aquarium in New Zealand when he decided, to escape for the first time. One night, while everybody was

sleeping, Sid opened the door of his tank and escaped.

How do animals like octopuses escape from tanks? Well, according to experts, they are inteillgent animals and their brains are bigger than other invertebrates. which explains their escape attempts. They are also quick to learn tricks, just like dogs. There are even cases of people teaching octopuses to open jars and play with Rubik's cubes.

Sid isn't the first octopus to escape from the Portobello Aquarium,

So what happened to Sid in the end? Workers eventually realized that the 15-month-old octopus was only lonely and wanted a mate. They agreed it was time to return their eight-legged friend to nature, so one of the employees carried Sid to the sea in a bucket.

On the way to the water he made one last desperate attempt at escaping by lifting the lid of the bucket. Shortly after, he jumped into the sea and swam away

Read and listen to the text. Are the

Sid 4?S able to open the door of hrs tank

f~

2 Sid was the first octopus to escape from the Portobello Aquarium.

captivity

an escape g ,,\'- n. "0),

a set of steps that we use to'go upstairs or

downstairs sk=». C'(:"'~C2__.._

4 a partner who you love and who you form a

family with m-,&=\&",.!"~· _

a plastic container that W\ use to carry water,

etc. b c:-,(,J-" '1"'\-

,6 a top for a box, tin or other container

I i c:\

OctoP},ses.ar. e intelligent invertebrates.

L/ i\.1'l"f

4 The workers didn't want to set Sid free.

Sid ~P to escape on his way to the sea,

r ~r\9_p



A book., review

The last book, I read was Lord Of the b~ William Goldihj. I read it because I I book_s abou.t. t.ravel o.dvent.lu--es.

Lord of the Flies is a6OLd:. a grou.p of 6o~s who fnd themselves On a deserted ' o.,Her- a plaM crash. Two 6o~s) Ralph) hts fdehd, 'Pi55~) be-coWIe ihe leader-s Of bo~s and organ!,e ihel'Yl to wor-k_ i.ojet_herto build shelters, ~hd food ahd bUild ~res. But SO,"e of the bo~s dOn't waht to work, and spend t.heir t.ime plo.ljihj) swivnWllhj o,nd h~ht.i~j. These 60':)5 becoWle Ralph and 1\55:1 5 enemies, and 0. coar- between the jrOLtpS Of 601j5 ends tn 0. -terd6le walj_

T~e book_. was r-eo.lllj exci"!:ihj but. also a bit fnght.enihg_ William GolJinj is a ver-Ij good wdter Qhd h~escdbes the charaders Of t.he 60:15 realllj well. I 'el r-eCOWII'Y'Ieha t.his

to o,hljOhe who is int.erest.ed in friendship ahd adven1:.ur-e.

- Jackie

adjective + noun be + adjective

4 adverb of degree + adjective

b) It had some exciting parts.

c) Biographies are interesting.

d) She enjoyed the book.

Plan

G Read the book review and answer the questions.

Why did Jackie read this book?

2 What is the book about?

What did Jackie think were the good points about the book?

o Prepare to write a book review. Look at the questions and write notes in the table below.

Notes
Paragraph 1 0 What was the last book
you read?
0 Why did you read it?
Paragraph 2 0 What is it about?
Paragraph 3 0 Did you enjoy it? Why (not)?
0 Would you recommend it?
(Who to?) Write

o Write a book review. Use the model text and the notes you made in exercise 3 to help you.

Check

e Check your writing. Check you have used the correct word order and check the past tense verbs.

Dialogue builder

~reeing and disagreeing

iI Complete the dialogues with these useful expressions.

So €1o I. So die I. NeitheF do I. lNei1!her did I.

~SaIlY and Jane are choosing a film at the DVD shop. Complete the dialogue using the information in brackets and some of the useful

expressions from exercise 1.

Sally (1) _

(asks what kind of film they should watch) Jane Well, I don't like action films.

Sally (2) _

(agrees)

Jane How about The Dark Knight?

Sally (3) _

(she saw it last month)

Jane What did you think of it?

Sally (4) _

(she enjoyed it)

Jane I love Heath Ledger.

Sally (5) _

(agrees)

Jane Look! Here's Mamma Mia. I love musicals!

Sally (6) _

(agrees; asks if they should watch it)

Jane Yes. Let's see what it's like.

Ben Sue Ben Sue Ben Sue Ben Sue

I didn't really like Brad Pitt's last film.

(1) ~)" Oci..1,\"or A\C'13

I really enjoyed Mamma Mia.

(2) C;~, dj, & \'

I really like~scienc,~ fiction films. (3) ~,Q r>t'} ) ...

I don't really enjoy war films.

(4) r')0~,O{\ r\a :s:

2 ~ Listen and check your answers. YChloe and Nick are choosing a film at the DVD -./'hop. Read the dialogue and circle the correct

words.

Chloe Nick

What kind of film shall we watch? Well, I like (1) watch le~ction

films. -

So do I. How about Quantum of Solace? Sorry. I watched that last weekend. What did Y0U (2) thOU9ht/~Of it? It was good. I (3) enjoyed I enJoye"d1n

I love Daniel craigr:___ ~ Yeah, (4) so am II so d~,J I didn't really like The Golden cofnpass"thoJ./gh.

No, (5) neither I did I either dil. It was too long.

Look! Here's Penelope Cruz's new film.

I really like her. . ~

50 do I! The film (6) (oOkS 1 is looking good. Shall we watch'),.,?,!

Yes! Let's see what it's like.

Chloe Nick Chloe Nick Chloe Nick

Chloe

Nick

Chloe

Nick

4 c;;m Listen and check your answers.

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I!iJ [g:]

OJ Q]

This exercise is easy. I'm not going to make [9J

We listened to Sarah telling 2 Did you say

3 Don't make any more

4 Smile! I'm going to take

a) excuses! Just tidy your bedroom! \Wl a photo!

@ stories about whenshe was younq, (dJ any mistakes.

e) sorry to Mum for breaking her favourite vase?

Fact and fiction

~complete the sentences with these words. fues~er filhn s.nip! ,~sy b~pf.ly news repert CQl'tilic

Did you hear the K\QIJ.) ~~bout the lion that escaped from the circus?

I'm reading Lewis Hamiiton's\}'S;~'§'~"l' It was written by "rank Worrall.

Watchmen is a new film based on a c:c~c_- .

4 Barack Obama's new book was a. ~ \ffi s;cclt:>\ last year.

The b,,"Q,~for rloe Godfather sold for nearly £200,000!

6 I love 300m'%} films like The Lord of the Rings.

Past simple and past continuous

(03'w' . h

", nte sentences uSing t e past simple and past

"-{ontinuous.

They / dig / a tunnel/when / the guard / arrive.

The / tiger / escape / while 1 employees! clean its cage.

What / you / do / when / see / the incident ?

4 While / Amy / sleep / her / dog / run away.

; simple verbs

Present perfect

5 Write sentences usinq the present perfect. 1/ finish (my homework

4

6


I read this fantastic book last week. It's about people who (1) ... from all kinds of different places.

The first story I (2) ... was about a man who (3) ... from a flat that was on fire. He (4) ... when the fire started. He (5) ... out of the window and survived. He (6) ... quite famous in his hometown because he (7) ... on the 15th floor! And there's another story about two bank robbers. They were running away from a bank (8) .. : the police arrived. The police (9) ... them. They (10) ... away because they (1~) ... skateboards!

Wa) have escaped 2 a) has read

3 a) have escaped @)a) was sleeping 5 al has jumped

~a) has become a) lived

a) when

b) were escaping b) have read

~ escape WJread

@)was escaping c) has slept @jDmped

c) was becoming c) did lived

b) escaped b) slept

b) had jumped

b) have become b) has lived

9 a) weren't catching @a) got

11 a) were having

'1;1{ while . @I d id n 't catch b_.( have got ®lhad

c) durinq
d don't catch
c) were getting
c) have had r~X'l'lU. vt)ln~s

2 GaIl Listen to this recordinq about Napoleon.

bisten again and circle the correct words.

The island of Elba is im the Mecliterranean Sea / Atlantic Ocean. 2 Napoleon lived om 'Iba fa, 30 /300 days.

3 He escaped "em ElIDa <iJn F.ebrua,y 25m! 26th.

II Napoleom's a,m¥ lost / won the Battle of Watetl00.

e Sail'lvt Helema is an island in the Mecliterrar.tean Sea I Atlantic ocean. 6 It was possible / im!,!Ossible to escape fro"" Saint Helena.

7 Nal"ole0m spent his time en Saint fie lena <eading / writing. S Napoleon died in 1823 11831.

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Vocabulary 1

eveit'd

,

6 7 8

2

4

10

Body language

Match the words to make expressions.

shake ~ a) your shoulders

shake ~ b) hands

shrug c) hands

4 hold d) your head

2 Complete the sentences using these words.

To hug you need your _~a~r~m~s~_

1 You kiss with your _

You use your to nod.

Move your and smile.

4 When you frown it shows on your _

You wink with one _


The film was very funny. I laughed a lot.

1 The teacher when I arrived late.

I hate that expression on her face.

2 She agrees with what I am saying, can't you see

her her head?

Don't just your shoulders - you

must have some idea!

4 He's definitely her boyfriend. I saw them _____ in the disco!

Please make sure you his hand

when you cross the road!

6 Italians a lot when they are

speaking. They hardly keep still!

4 Circle the correct word. Then guess the answers.

CQlilfws~ True 0 False 0

3 In Peris people kiss I shake hanf,is f<lw- times wj'l{n they meet.

Trwe 0 False 0

4

means that you like them.

True 0 False 0

Grammar 1

Present perfect with for and since

Complete the sentences with for or since.

I've worked in this country for 12 weeks.

1 They've been here three o'clock.

2 She's studied French two years.

I've had this map of Europe I was

five years old.

4 We've lived here in Austria a long

just, yet and already

4 Order the words to make sentences.

hasn't! The I finished I yet! language I course. The language course hasn't fi"i'hetiyet

1 that I you I book I Have I read I yet I travel?

already I had I breakfast I I've I my.

my I just I homework I finished I I've I French.

4 has I Jamie I lunch I eaten I already?

the USA I to I They I just I moved I have.

5 Rewrite the sentences with yet or already.

Has she eaten her pizza? Has she eaten her pizza yet?

1 We haven't started classes.

The class has finished.

He has had his breakfast.

4 Have you seen the latest James Bond film?

I've seen it!

Present perfect and past simple

6 Complete the text with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

Jason (1) has h"ved (live) in Italy for three

months. He (2) (move) there when he

went to study at the university in Milan. At first

Jason (3) (not know) much Italian but

over the past few months he (4) _

(learn) the basics from his flatmates, Paulo and Laura. Jason (5) (study) Spanish at

secondary school and this (6) (help)

him a lot because the two languages are quite similar. When Jason (7) (arrive) in Milan he tried his first real Italian pizza. Since

then he (8) (eat) in most of the pizza

restaurants in the city.

time.

My teacher has worked at the school ____ 2005.

2 Complete the sentences with the past participles of these verbs.

sttl<Iy W0[" live have k~"w mot see

I've ,tudied English for three years.

They've in the same country since

they were born.

2 How long have you as a monitor

at the summer camp?

3 How long has she that travel book

from the library?

4 I that new exhibition.

5 How long have you your

neighbours?

3 Write questions for these answers with How long and the present perfect.

I've lived here for three years. How lo"g have lOU livedheye?

1 They've been in class for 15 minutes.

2 He's known John since he was at primary school.

Mary has worked in Miami since 2007.

4 Pat and Ray have been married for one year.

My mother has had a motorbike since last year.

6 They've studied Chinese for two years.

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ler the letters to make British and American rds. Then write the words in the correct

"~~'_~I1~~~~::~~~~~~ ~~Jrmn.

111_

moasewe niamagz tondwown

4 emiov 5 yeti rectne

6 tivaocan

7 limf

British American
hoftiiflv
or- UK ____jJf1...._ USA

UK USA

UK USA

4 Complete the postcard with American words.

f-liMom!

Wer", her", at th'" Grand Canyon at last. It's

Ii' awesome ! Do you ro;mo;mber that

\.\) w'" saw about tho; climbers?

C2) VII took 8

Wo;\\ tho;y tilmro it right nere, 0; . th

' from th'" bus station to 0;

(3) I t 16 Wo; were tirro and hungry.

campsito;. It on y cos . and

W", had a burger and (4) -----

. g It f~ls gro;at to be on

th",n slo;pt until mornln . A I

at last. This timo; yo;sto;ruay

(5) ------ going to school

was on the (6) d in

,. disd \'11 b", back on S:atur ay-

and noW I m In para . . tho;

"" gam'" In

timefor tho; (7) I

afternoon. Dont forgd to wash my shorts.

s:~you soon,

Chuck

UK USA

UK USA

UK USA

2 Complete the crossword with the American equivalents of these British words.

Down Across
city centre underground
taxi shopping centre
4 lift 7 holiday
6 film 9 chips
8 amazing 10 football 'b
I--
0
2 W 1 1
'3 4 ~
rs ...- T
I-- I--
0
L_ I-- I-- I--
W
I' 8 N
I-- I-- L_
I' I I I I--
L..._
I--
110 1 1 1 in

Grammar 2

Past perfect

Write sentences about Maria. Use the affirmative or negative form of the past perfect.

3 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

When I arrived ,my dinner was ready. My mother had hadmade it for me. (arrive I make)

1 I missed the train! When I to the

station, it five minutes before.

(get / leave)

2 The film by the time I _

to the cinema. (start / get)

She him for seven years before he

_____ her to marry him. (know / ask)

4 We London before we

_____ there last year. (not visit / go) _____ the exam yesterday because I _____ for it before. (fail/not study)

4 Complete the text with the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

1(1) hadn't/eft (not leave) my small Scottish

village before I (2) (arrive) in

Germany last week. I (3) (read)

a lot of travel books and my grandmother

(4) (tell) us a lot of things about

the country before she died, but the place isn't exactly as I had imagined it. It's better!

I (5) (not realize) that it was so green

and I (6) (not expect) the people to

be so friendly. Everyone helps me when I try to speak German and they all want to practise

speaking English with me too. I (7) _

(not like) languages when I was at school but

since I (8) (come) here I want to learn

more. Travelling is great fun!

When Maria moved to the USA in 2006, she had/carnt English.

4

2 Rewrite the sentences to make questions.

She had been to New York before. Had she bee" to New York b~fore?

1 She had read the travel guide.

The fi 1m had ended.

They had seen that play.

4 John had visited Mexico.

She had been to the match.

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omplete

Init grammar check

I Read the text and circle the correct words.

~ b) I have
2 a) has been b) was
a) for b) since
4 a) disappeared b) has disappeared
5 a) just b) yet
a) had chatted b) have chatted
7 a) had never had b) never had had
8 a) has told b) told
9 a) wrote b) written
10 a) already has invited b) has already invited
5 GD Listen and check your answers. Your complimentary use period has ended.


2 3 4

6 7 8

Error correction r>.

f2\ Correct the sentences.

~J I've been here since 20 minutes. X \. I've been herefov 20 mil1.ute.5.

How time have you had that bike?)(

2 I already have finished my homework.)(

3 He's been to the USA six months ago.)(

4 Have they yet finished dinner? )(

Did Paul had studied French before? )(

6 He was a singer who I never heard of. X

When I arrived the class has already started. )(

Translation

3 Translate the corrected sentences from exercise 2 into your language.

4

7

N'ew friends in new places

Joanne) 17 years old, has leannt

to live with, mosquito bites and extreme temperatures. She has been in Trinidad for- three weeks, working 01'l. an Earthwatch project to prote~t_ the country's leatherback sea turtles. Ioanne has spent most of her working hours patrolling the beach, looking

Holland and Trinidad and has learnt how to cook oallaloo, a local dish made from leaves, vegetables and

crab meat. j oa~n. e is going to 'fetuf.nJ to Sheffield soon but-she has already deeided to join another project next

The Earthwatch Institute is

an onganization that has set up conservation programmes in every corner of the planet. What- makes Earthwatch different is that many pt:ogrammes are aimed at yOl.mg volunteers and families with children,

T.he Moore family from Barh has spent the past ten days in the Puerto Rican rainforest. Father; Harry says, 'We have been here since. the end of June. We have worked on-a project to pr0tect the rainforest. I'm a scientist

and have helped in the laboratory here. My Wife has set up a school and the kids have worked on a flora and

~ fauna project. It's been 2! fantastic experience for everyone. Torn has made friends with the local children and he's Iearnt some Spanish.jake and Lizzie have met people from all

8)Read the text quickly and answer the questions. 1 Which countries are mentioned?

~ \ t-b;\t\:o 1 \)i IXS ~icc ~ OC

,,~/€D.Read and listen to the text. Answer the - questions.

What is the name of the organization Joanne is working for?

Which animals are mentioned?

,;:, \ /' .

lY Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. Then check your answers in the text.

2 Where are Joanne's new \ends from?

Where does Joanne normali~ live?

programmes?

4 What makes the Earthwatch prdgramme~ different from other conservation

How many members of the Moore family are on an Earthwatch programme?

6 What kind of project have the Moore children worked on?

7 Which language has Tom learnt?

Joanne has learnt to live
mosquito bites.
2 She has been in Trinidad
three weeks.
Joanne is going to return
Sheffield.
4 Many programmes are aimed
young volunteers.
I'm a scientist and have helped
the laboratory.
Tom has made friends the
local children. PDF

omplete



2 dance I routine I now I practising I "'Y /I'm. -~~~-~-~-----~--~~~ s~m",er I this 7 last I skateboard III boo gilt. __ -_~--~--~-~~~~~~of 4 saw I staying i was I in f that! while 11/1" Bilbao I film. -~_---~-~~-?-~~~~ for I this I hobby I five I I've I done I yea".,.~ -~---~--~~~-~-~-~-= I'd I them I before I been III never I started J interested I in I stamps 7 cdllecting.

Plan

Cirele the correct words.

I've played online chess (1) for I since two years, (2) for I since I was 14. I (3) often play I play often in the evenings after I finish my homework. I had (4) played I play traditional chess for ages. Then, while I (5) was I had visiting my cousin in the holidays, I (6) had discovered I discovered that there were online chess communities too. My cousin had (7) been! being a member of one (8) for I since about a week. It was a great discovery! You play games with people from allover the world Sometimes it's four o'clock in the afternoon here but in my partner's country it's four or five hours later. (9) I play I I'm playing two games at the moment; one with a boy in Istanbul, Turkey and the other one with a 70-year-old woman in Sevillel I love online chess because you meet lots of interesting people and it exercises your brain!

<{9:7epare to write about your hobby. Answer the questions so they are true for you.

.._,. 1 What's your hobby? --~"~--~---~--~

2 How long have you done your hobby?

WQen do you do your hobby?

4 How did you get interested in your hobby?

Have you met anybody else who shares your hobby? 6 Why do you like this hobby?

Write

{~rite a description of your hobby. Use the model text and your answers in exercise 3 to help you.

Check

e Check your writing: Check you have used the present perfect with for or since. the past .contlnuous after while and the past perfect and past simple with before.

Dialogue builder

An English speaking test


1 Could you introduce you I yourself?

2 I'm sorry, could you repeat again I that please?

3 Tell I Say me a bit about your home town. 4 Do you mean I say the place where I live?

2 ~ listen and check your answers.

3 Paula is doing a speaking test. Write the examiner's questions using the prompts.

Examiner (introduce)

(1) _

Paula Yes. My name's Paula. Paula Sanchez.

Examiner (where from)

(2) _

Paula Spain .

Examiner (which part exactly)

(3) _

Paula From the north, Galicia.

Examiner (how long I study I English)

(4) _

Paula For six or seven years.

Examiner (tell I about family)

(5) _

Paula Well, it's small. I haven't got any brothers or sisters.

Examiner (have got I pets)

(6) _

Paula Yes, I've got a dog.

Examiner (do I free time)

(7) _

Well, I play basketball and I like chatting on messenger with my friends.

4 Gm Listen and check your answers.

Paula

5 Mario is doing a speaking test. look at the picture and write Mario's answers using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.

Examiner Mario

Could you introduce yourself?

(1) _

Examiner Mario

Where are you from?

(2) _

Examiner Mario

Of course. Where are you from?

(3) _

Examiner Mario

Whereabouts in Italy are you from?

(4) _

Examiner Tell me a bit about your family.

Mario (5) _

Examiner How long have you studied English?

Mario (6) _

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2 hug
3 qestieulate
4 shake hands
S frown
6 mod Your complimentary use period has ended.


pil:;ture_ picture_ picture'_ picture_ pictur:e~ ~icture_

·8~-.

-s:

.:.,

-

0(~ ~'

British and American English

',ite sentences with the present pede,ct.

'I The film I already I start.

6

5 Order the words to make questions.

have 1'(I'ass I Been I you liang I in I this 1 How ?

2 you I When I arrive I did?

eaten I in I a I they I ever I restaurant I Have?

4 breakfast? Wi;}aV havez fer I morning I you I this I did?

2 Complete the sentences with British 0' American words.

In the USA they call chips here I Has I lived I alii life / he I his 1

2 When they say in the I!JSA, they

are referring to the city centre,

If you want to go to a shopping centre in the

USA, ask for the 'neatest ~~ _

4 Americans often describe thlings as _---- if they think they are amazing. If Y0U want a taxi in New York, call a

3 Write these words in the correct column.

Present per+eet with far and since


She was a great singer. I had neve, I never had I never heard anyone like toe, before,

2 We Were being I had been I are in €lass forten minutes before the teacher arrived.

She never. had eaten I had never eateR/ never eats in an expensive restaurant before.

4 Wh'em we 'arrived home we realized that Paul left Ihadlettl has left.

Before I had a"i\ted I arrived I have arrived here, I'd visited three other countries,

6 He had never played football before I had taken I have taken 1 took hi." to play in the park.

elill'Flulative grammar


Kim Yolanda Kim Yolanda Kim

Helio, is anybody sitting here? No, sit Gown.

1(1),., you yesterday in class, How long (2),., here?

I haven't been here long, 1m,,. last week. What about you? I've been here (4) ,,. three weeks, My name's Kim and I come from Korea. What about you?

I'm Italian. My name's Yolanda,

(5) ,,. any friends yet?

No. Not many. I haven't been to any social events (6) ,,. . There's a party toniqht. Do you want to come?

Oh, OK, Thanks for inviting me, I (7) ,,. it was so difficult to meet people, It isn'f! You have to remember that this is a language school, Most people (8) ,,. alone and everybody wants to make friends,

I suppose so.

Have you (9) ,., to the sports centre yet?

No, I went swimming yesterday but I (10) ,., in the sea,

Yolanda Kim Yolanda Kim Yolanda Kim

Yolanda Kim Yolanda Kim

lrrthe sea? You must lJe crazy:! It's freezing!

b) seen c) have seen

a~ saw

a) did Y0U go

b) have you been c) have you gone
b) have a'rived c) had arrived
b) since c) for
b) Elid you made c) Have you made
b) yet c) just
b) haven't kniDwn c) didn't knew
b) had come c) came
b) been c) being
lj) been c) went a) arrived
4 a) in
5 a) Did you make
6 a) already
7 a) didn't know
8 a) have come
9 a) be 2 ~ Listen to an Ame,ican talking about a visit to Le'ldan.

9 Listen again and cirde tile carrect wa,ds,

It was tfle speaker's first 1 tenth time in London. 2 She went to I!.omd@n in 1li;Je summer I winter.

5he went with her grandparents I parents, 4 She travelled by plane I boat,

S Wn.e t,ip- took 13/30 hours.

6 ifhey travelled by OllS} untlergraund in London, 7 She went to see a featballl rugby game.

8 J'he speaker travelled in a London taxi I bus too,

"\1M -

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Your complimentary use period has ended, Thank you for using PDF Complete,

Vocabulary 1

.:;, Recycle Find these word~ in the wordsquare.

J L 0 G E 0 H S C B
X H G L J H J H U V
0 L Q T 0 Z F 0 L D
S Z E V U R A P A D
J B N M R R R A W E
I L R W N P M S Y X
U E K D A V E S E 0
G U I A L Z R I R J
W Z P N I A G S A F
K V W C S ~ F T V B
P U N E Y E C A M U
V J D IY H E B N D A
T E A C H E R T G B
N Z P D U C N V D P
B U I L D E R L B R f2)Read the definitions and write the correct job C:::._/ sector.

1 eliucai£ol1

4

6

~~~~~~~~ApplYlng scientific

knowledge to structures.

Job sectors

/ 3. Read the texts and write the correct job sector. '--..,,_-~

1 Match the job sectors with the jobs. education a) builder business ~ b) lawyer

catering c) journalist

law d) teacher

4
5
6
8
9
10
~ 11
\
12
~' agriculture engineering construction

the performing arts the media

tourism

retail

health and social care

e) shop assistant

f) actor

g) businessman

h) doctor

j) engineer

j) chef

k) farmer

I) tour guide

Grammar 1

will

C1-Complete the email using will and won't and the verbs in brackets.

Hey Jara

Guess what! I went to see a fortune teller last week and she made some predictions about my future.

She said that I (1) w,l/ qO (go) to

university and I (2) ~l,(GQ (study) languages. I (3) r);,,\~'(: ~;;\~~(not stay) in England because I (4) ,,;~\ t~(i(~~(decide) to travel round the world. I (5) \J..>. \ \ '__;;;;;i_'-: (visit) exciting places like Malaysia and New Zealand and I

(6) cUI. \ \~ (work) in Argentina for a year.

Then I (7) (meet) a famous film

director and he (8) '!if;} (offer) me a

part in his new film but I (9) (not

accept), which is strange because you know I want to be famous! After that ... well, I don't remember anything else but she said I (10) \.ll \ \ \,r:'._ (be) happy in the future! You should go and

see her!

See you tomorrow.

Laura

.-f!J:_ite questions and short answers about the predictions for Laura's future in exercise 1.

Laura / go to university? .

wd/ LauYa!J0 to universi9'?}es she wdl.

1 she I study tourism? \\\,\_'S,"-r,Q

she I stay in England?

(.~\\\~

she I travel to Malaysia?

\ ~~\ \ -~>{\''?

4 she I work in New Zealand?

,'-,\\\ ,,'i:~

the film director I off~r,~er a job? "'.\\ _'~c\J:;l ''S:*",,<, \~

be going to

~ike is going to do the triathlon this year.

'- - Look at his plans and write sentences using the affirmative or negative form of be going to .

•••••••••••••••

run ISKm every ~aturday eat healthy food

not eat chocolate

~wim every Tue~day and Thur~day do Skm bike ride every day

( I not relax every night !1 train with friend~

Mike i'going to run l'ikm every 5aturdayr.

4

6

Present continuous for future VomPlete the dialogue with the present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

Claire Hi, Paul. Do you want to meet up one
evening next week?
Paul Yeah, great.
Claire OK, how about Monday after school?
Paul Oh, I can't. I (1) am aoinq (go) to
J J
basketball practice.
Claire OK, what about Tuesday?
Paul Sorry. I (2) (take) my dog to
the vet on Tuesday and after that I
(3) (go) to Jake's house.
Claire Oh! OK. And Wednesday?
Paul Sorry. On Wednesday Sam
(4) (come) to my house.
Claire Let's leave it until Friday then.
Paul Friday? I (5) (play) football
on Friday.
Claire What about Thursday then?
Paul Yes. I (6) (not do) anything
on Thursday.
Claire Great! See you on Thursday. C::::::::,
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Grammar 2

Gerunds and infinitives

4 Complete the text using the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs in brackets.

1111It~llt:~::::::::-""'="-==~-----Ir;:;;;- is a good worker.

He always arrives on time

and you can count on him for anything. He will never let you down. He

is punctual and

(1) ambitious J~.

J'EJX PER JIEINICIEIDJ
Ul
U I 11 I III J
4 11 I
U
r 11Ll
, 11 LL1J
18 I I I I Verbs followed by the gerund form

Verbs followed by the infinitive form

love

Susan loves her job and she 'would like to have more responsibilities. She has been working in her job for a long time. She is (2)~mature and (3) clever J aIT1bi1tiOlJSf>

Sixteen-year-old Kieran is thinking about

the future. He wants (1) to work (work) in

tourism because he likes (2) {,.C\.·'G('0l~ (travel) and (3) \, ;_G~ \;:~'1 (visit) new places and he's also good at (4) Q.c<::.l>:0~glearn) languages. Kieran knows that he can go to university (5) ·la S:'\-l~(study) tourism

or he can go an apprenticeship with a tourist information centre when he finishes school but

he needs someone (6) (give)

him some advice. He knows that it's important (7) (make) the right decision, so he's going to talk to the careers advisor at school

to help him (8) (decide) what

to do.

ex,reriencecl

cedeerxi pen
rumeat
fosheunmsoeur
4 vecrle
5 tif
6 gonutiog
suoiambit
8 biarelel 2 Circle the correct words.

Where do you want~1 going?

1 I really enjoy to walk J walking in the mountains.

We decided to have J having lunch in a restaurant.

He avoids to eat J eating a lot of meat - it isn't good for his health.

4 My mum dislikes to cook / cooking.

Where did you learn to speak J speaking Chinese?

I'm planning to go / going travelling.

The mystery word is _

to be with people, especially if he is the centre of attention. He is (4) punctual J tOii"igolng\:md he

'1. --.,.,.,. ...,.,...( ___._,-~------ ..... '"';.

(_5)_'ij~:2'!,-g~~) of humour J is fit.

2 Complete the sentences with these words.

5 Complete the dialogue using the words in brackets.

A What kind of things are you good at?

B I'm good at (1) usi~fompders and.1 ~

(2)\N1'f.~P:. \.,<::, ~ ~(~"<';~~

- ""

CwOik iNffh'people~

A Vl7nar({ind'-df'thW;gs ,do you find ea~.\

B I find it easy (3) (\0.\ ro..<:::prJ2( and

(4)Cllr»\'G8:,.s;;p ':"(do several jobs at

the same time J work in a team)

A What do you enjoy doing?

B I enjoy (5) 0-~~ and

(6) t>t\~).G?_91«",. (;;'ad Itravel) A Why did you go to univ"lrsity?

B I went to university (7) _

(study Chemistry)

A Why do you want this job?

B I want (8) in the future.

He's not very punctual . He always arrives

late for work.

Sally seems much older than her age. She has been working as a volunteer with Save the Children for two years and is good friends with everybody who works in~g~p. S~e is (6(,:!!~j matu~~~he (7) has a.g,)od sense of humour ~s.weiRn:a=.t-;arn.


Tim is very . You can count on

him for anything.

2 My sister is very . She is only

nine but she reads 19th century novels!

You have to 'be to be a

Are you interested in readin!! novels?

My friend is really good at _

Manga cartoons.

We are thinking about on

professional swimmer. You have to train every day.

4 Thomas is a boy. He got very

good marks in all his exams.

Harry is . He wants to have his own business, be successful, rich and famous!

6 Our teacher has got a good _

She laughs when we do silly things in class.

7 You need to if you want to be

a footballer.

a safari.

It is not easy a language

quickly.

4 It's not difficult a part-time job

4 Complete the sentences with personal qualities so they are true for you.

My friends say I am _

2 My teachers think that I am _

My best friend is _

in London.

Hello, everybody! I'm very happy ______ here tonight.

(work in engineering)

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rammar check

What are 'IOU yoiny (JJ ... next weekend? Jf the answer is 'J don't know' or 'nothiny much: then read on!

Sunny Hill Youth Group (2) ... their third annual Clean-up-the-Parks weekend and if you are aged between 12 and 17 you can join in!

The youth group is going (3) .. six parks around the town. There (4) ... six separate groups working simultaneously. You (5) ". bring anything with you but wear old clothes because (6) .

At Ice end of the day the youth group (7) ". a party for all helpers and every volunteer (8) . £10!

What are 'IOU waitiny for? phone now!

a)~ b) do
a) holding b) are holding
a) to clean up b) cleaning up
4 a) will being b) will be
a) will not have b) won't have to
6 a) you're getting dirty b) you'll get dirty
7 a) is having b) has
8 a) is receiving b) will receive 5 (}III Listen and check your answers.

4

6 7 8

Error correction


Paul thinks he'll to take a gap year. X Paul thinks he'll take a!J'lILJear.

1 Will she get better? Yes, she'll. X

I'll meet John at six o'clock on Friday. X

Are staying your parents in a hotel? X

4 I enjoy to be alone. X

We normally avoid to play basketball. X

6 She went to Rome for to learn Italian. X

7 I can't stand to do a lot of exercise. X

Translation


4

Reading

Read the text quickly and answer the questions.

What is the basic wage on an apprenticeship?

3 @III Read and listen to the text. Circle the

correct words.

The youngest age for doing an apprenticeship is 16/18.

Apprenticeships can last two 1 three years. You can apply for an apprenticeship online 1 at a post office.

4 You get! don't get paid holidays on an apprenticeship.

Audrey is going to earn a minimum / maximum of £50 a week at the bank.

6 Audrey wants / doesn't want to work in a bank in the future.

Ken wants to be an electrician / teacher.

8 Ken is going to classes to learn the theoretical! practical side of an electrician's job.

2 What is Ken going to do on Tuesdays?

2 Find words in the text that mean: join

work areas

gives

4 minimum

b _

official holidays

b _

6 continuing

An apprenticeship could be the answer.

What is an apprenticeship?

If you do an apprenticeship, you'll combine work with studies. You'll earn money while you learn new skills. There are apprenticeships in different sectors, depending on your interests. They last up to two years.

Will I get any qualifications?

Yes! You'll get a certificate. You'll learn skills like teambuilding or using new technology. Each apprenticeship also awards its own qualification.

How do I apply?

You can find an application form on the website or go to your local council office. Some people contact employers directly. If there is a business in your area where you'd like to work, phone them and ask about apprenticeships.

What about money and holidays?

You get a basic wage of £40 a week. But you could get more, depending on your employer. You'll get at least 1.5 days' paid holiday for every month of training. On top of that you'll get bank holidays.

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o You want to apply for a place an a. summer course.

Look ~t the adverts and write notes in the table below.

Summer Drama Course King's Theatre, London SE4 2TW

6-week summelicourse- for all ages: Classes every moming, rehearsals every afternoon and a show at the .end of the six weeks! Apply to Jonn ~any at King!s lheatre. Gourse Slarts on 21stluly.

!-iill climbing, hor~6 riding, mfting and mucb more.

D2tm Augu5;t 1£1 - Aug"," Slct

Mrs L Marshall Prince's Language Centre

Hampshire

P045HD

(1) Llear / Hi Mrs Marshall;

(2) I write I I ~-,writing to apply. fOf< a plaee on Y.OUt

:~;~hC::rf(;) ~:0:~: ~~;:!:~~~~ was sdveensed

r ani very; interested (4) on f in this course because 1 ope (5) studriI!g I to study Jangpages at univ:ersi

I alrea.:fy know a little Brench and a few words of ty. German. 'l am OUtg0ing and ill d- ki

(6) leam I Jearning about ne::~7;:s. ng, and f enjoy

I look forward to t7) hearing / hear frein you soon. Tha~K ~ou for (8) mnsidel' / €onsiileting m applicaeten. y.

(9.) Yours faithfiilly / YQurs sincerely, Belinda Cross

: INotes

e opening greeting

Paragraph 1 """ason for writin,,)

Par.agraph 2 0 "eaSQI'1S for youp'interest ' your persomality

Paraqraph 3 0 give t~anks

o clesing greetin\,)'

Write

e Write. a letter of application. Use the model Jetter and the notes you made in exercise 2 to help you.

Check

o Check 'l'0ur wIiting. Cheek the use o'f correct expressions for formal letters. Check the organizatioR of waragr.apns.

13 Gains Road Somerstown Cardiff CF120RD 12thApr-il

Dialogue builder

Arranging an interview

Match the sentences with their answers.

Could I speak to Mrs Cannan please? We'd like to invite you for an interview. 3 Would Tuesday afterno.on be all right?

4 We look forward to. meeting yo.u next week._

a) That's great! Thank yo.u.

b) Me too. Thanks again.

c) Yes. that's fine.

d) Speaking.

2 @.EI Listen and check your answers.

3 Gina has applied for a Saturday job at a bakery.

Mr Smith is phoning to invite her for an interview. Write Gina's sentences in the correct place in the dialogue.

a) Speaking.

b) That's great! Thanks. When wo.uld yo.u like me

to come?

c) Me too. Thanks, Mr Smith. Bye!

d) Yes. five is fine. Shall I came to the bakery?

e) Oh, hello.

f) OK. Thanks.

g) No, tomorrow afternoon would be fine. I finish

school at half past three.

Man Hello, could I speak to Gina Sims please?

Gina (1) _

Man Hello.. This is Alan Smith fro.m the bakery.

Gina (2) _

M,m You called in to. ask about the Saturday jab.

I've had a Io.ok at yo.ur CV and I'd like to invite you for an interview.

Gina (3) _

Man Are you busy tomorrow afternoon?

Gina (4) _

Man Would five o'clock be all right?

Gina (5) _

Man Yes, I'll be expecting you.

Gina (6) _

Man See yo.u to.morrow then. I look fo.rward to.

meeting you, Gina.

Gina (7) _

4 ~ Listen and check your answers.

5 Daniel has applied for a job at Silver Birch Farm, Mrs lee is phoning to invite him for an interview. Write a dialogue using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.

Mrs lee asks to speak to Daniel. 2 Daniel responds.

3 Mrs Lee introduces herself. 4 Daniel respo.nds.

She invites Daniel to come for an interview. 6 Daniel responds and asks when.

7 She suggests a day and time.

8 Daniel agrees. and says thank you.

Mrs Lee (1)
Daniel (2)
Mrs Lee (3)
Daniel (4)
Mrs Lee (5)
Daniel (6)
Mrs Lee (7)
Daniel (8) Your complimentary use period has ended, Thank you for using PDF Complete,

3 c nstr ct

4 p~rf~rm~ng ~rts

5 t h m d

6 h~~lth ~nd s~c~~1 c~r~

Personal qualities

2 Match the adjectives with the speech bubbles.

mature fit clever

a)

c)

e)

Future tenses

4 punctual reliable experienced _

b)

d)

f)

3 Read the predictions and write sentences about Joe using will or won't.

I

I~

4

the words to make sentences.

I going I for / wait I the I Are I bus I you?

2

study I They I to I arem't! French I going.

4 going I are I wear IWhat I you Ito?

is I a I to I He I up I for / car I save / going.

6 less I to I chocolate I not I I'm / eat / going!

5 Write the dialogue using the present continuous.
A What I you I do / this weekend?
2 B I I have I lunch with my cousins/ on
Saturday.
A And what I you / do I on Saturday night?
4 B I I go I to a party I at my friend's house.
B You I do I anything on Saturday night?
6 A No I I I stay I at home, Gerunds and infinitives


W~en I leave school I want ... a farmer.

a) to be b) be c) beinq

2 She enjoys ... different languages.

a) to learn b) learn c) learning

It's easy, . to my house from the bus station,

a) to get b) get c) getting

4 We went to Manchester ... my cousin.

a) to see b) see c) seeing

My dad's interested in ... coins.

a) to collect b) collect c) collecting 6 I always practise ... Spanish when I go on holiday.

a) to speak b) speak c) speaking


(1) ... school soon? (2) a job-seeker?

When you decide (3) for a job you need (4) ... a CV. You need a good CV (5) ...

a good job, It's important (6) ... information about yourself (your name, address, email address) as well as your skills, education and experience. Employers receive hundreds of CVs, so a clear, well-organized CV (7) ... more attention. Before writing a CV, think about what the employer wants. After reading your CV (8) . you are a good candidate for the job? (9) ... to interview you?

Things you enjoy (10) ... - hobbies, sports, volunteer work, etc. - are all things you should include on your CV. People who like (11) ... team sports can say that they work well with other people.

So, if you are (12) ... for a job, start making a CV now.

1 a) Do you leaving b) Are you leaving

2 a) Are you going be b) Are you being

a) to apply b) apply

c) Will you leave

c) Are you going to be c) applying

4 a) writing a) getting a) including

7 a) will attract

8 a) will he or she think 9 a) Is he or she wanting 10 a) do

11 a) play

12 a) going to apply

b) write b) get

b) to include b) is attracting

b) he or she will think b) Does he or she want b) doing

b) to play

b) going applying

c) to write c) to get c) include

c) will attracting

c) he or she is going to think c) Will he or she want

c) to do

c) playing

c) gain!,! apply

I~X'I'ltl\ vOln~s

~ listen to a teacher explaining what is going to happen in a 'What next?' day at schoal.

Listen again and complete the table.

Time Room Activity
(1) the hall Welcome meeting
09.45 - 11.30 Rooms 4, 5 and 7 Presentations from different
(2)
lUO 12.00 m
12.00 13.00 (4) Ouestions and answers
(5) Lunch break
14.00 15.00 (6) (7) presentation
Rogm4 (8) presentation PDF

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Vocabulary 1

':) Recycle Make nouns from these words and write them in the correct column.

racism

-tion

2 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 2.

oil is used to make petrol and plastic.

These days people are experimenting with ______ power from the sun and ______ power as new forms of energy.

2 The of animals is possible. A

sheep was produced in this way.

Global is a result of changes in

the environment caused by pollution.

4 Coal and oil are types of fuels.

The polar ice caps are melting and sea levels are rising because of change.

6 Many supermarkets don't sell _

7 When we go camping, we take a canister of ______ for cooking.

8 When fossil fuels become scarce we will need

to use energy more and more.

3 Match the newspaper extracts with the topics.

Climate change ~

GM food D

Fossi I fuels D

4 Renewable energy D

a)

-ism

21 st century issues

Find words about 21st century issues in the wordsnake. Write the extra letters in the grid to find a mystery word.

·,<:-9S9'>1;< ,,,,<:-ew"'6/ g'

~"oo ~ ~ .~

~ ~ c: -;) (1J

<ll - E ~ .~

l ~ ~ 1 J

ro OJ iO '3 -.-

o ~ -Q OJ C1J

VI Z ~ 10 ~

,g ::;; .§» '::S ~o,

.E %owe<' qnge

The mystery word is

I I I I I I 11c_ _[__J____!___i_

b)

c)

d)

Grammar 1

FIrst and second conditionals

Complete the sentences with the first conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

If the ice caps __ l1mue'l1(t:__, sea levels _~W~II(u/C~i5~e~_ . (melt I rise)

The climate hotter if we

______ something about it.

(get I not do)

2 If we our old paper to the

paper bank, they us for it!

(take I pay)

3 More countries from droughts

if global warming _

(suffer I not stop)

4 We a new campaign if this one

______ a success. (start I be)

If we something soon, the

problems . (not do I grow)


they recycled I would recycle more.

2 If renewable energy was I is more accessible, more people used I would use it.

The climate doesn't! wouldn't change so quickly if we would use I used fewer chemicals.

4 If GM products would be I were less controversial, more people would buy I bought them.

The world is I would be a cleaner place if developed countries would care I cared more about the environment.

6 We protected I would protect the environment more if we all acted I would act responsibly.

3 Complete the sentences with the first or second conditional form of these verbs.

If you recycle your glass, plastic and

paper, you'll help the environment.

______ you greener

products if they were cheaper?

If terrible floods happen every year, the

economy more.

If people GM crops, they

wouldn't suffer from famines.

4 People about cloning if they

realized that it already exists in nature.

If world leaders now, we will

start to solve these problems.

If we our environment, global

warming will continue.

If people recycled more, there

______ Iess pollution?

4 Read Frank's answers to the questions. Then write sentences about Frank.

3 If you could be famous for a day what would you be?

D an actor ¢ a sinqer

4 If. you could speak any language fluently, which language would you speak?

D Chinese If. Arabic

5 Where would you go on holjday if you could go anywhere in the world?

D Africa j;i'l'lndia

6 What would you do if you saw a UFO?

¢ run away D tell the newspapers

(Frank won the iottery he'dsfendthe 1110n9'

2

4

6

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recycle (1)
(2) waste
damage (3)
(4) destruction
improve (5)
(6) survival
demonstrate (7)
development
(9) 2 Complete the sentences with these nouns.

Hundreds of people went on a demonstration to protest about nuclear energy.

1 The to the ozone layer has

been a well-known fact for years. ______ newspapers and bottles is a good way to help the environment.

The of the rainforests is

contributing to global warming.

4 The of our planet depends on

our ability to protect the environment.

Many people believe that nuclear ______ will have a devastating effect on the natural world.

6 The in communication between

countries will have a positive effect.

The use of fossil fuels creates terrible

8 An important area in the fight against global

warming is the of renewable

energy.

9 The of endangered species

such as tigers and pandas is a priority.


Put paper in this bin and glass in that one. It's important to~/ recycling these things.

1 'It's the survive / survival of the fittest' - that's what Darwin said.

The develop / development of electric cars is very important because of the shortage of oil. Some birds are disappearing from the countryside because we are destroying I destruction their natural habitat.

4 There has been a lot of improvement I improve in education on environmental issues.

My friend is joining an animal charity because she wants protection I to protect African elephants.

6 Many factories pollute / pollution the environment.

4 Complete the text with the correct verb or noun form of these words.

CJU! planet IS In crisis

Third conditional

1 Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.

If we hadn't arrived at the station on time, rn

2 If I had studied a bit more, 0

3 What would you have done 0

4 If you hadn't eaten all of the eggs, D

Wou Id they have gone to Rome 0

a) we could have made an omelette.

b) we would have missed the train.

0) if they had known it was so expensive?

d) if you had lost the tickets?

e) I'm sure I would have passed the exam.


If she would have got up /§3earlier, she ~ouldn't ha~ hadn't arrived late.

1 If we had / would have known the truth, we wouldn't have / hadn't supported the project. If you would have / had seen the film, you had / would have cried too.

What had she / would she have said if she would have / had seen you?

4 What would we have / had we done if they would have / had asked us for our opinion?

If they hadn't / wouldn't have found the letter, they hadn't / wouldn't have known the truth.

3 Complete the sentences with the third conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

~ we hadn't demonstrated, they woufclhavecut down all the trees. (not demonstrate / cut)

If you all that glass, they

________ it to make new bottles.

4 Write sentences using the third conditional.

If / I / know before / I / recycle more. iflhadknown hefore / woufdhave re9lcledmore.

(recycle I use)

2 Ifthey so much

electricity, they fewer

problems now. (not use / have)

We in such a difficult

situation now if you _

a map! (not be / bring)

4 I you if I

________ you were so sensitive.

(not tell / know)

1 If / people I protect bears in Spain / they / not become extinct.

2 If / they / listen to the experts / they / not build the power plant.

If / he / come with us / he / speak to the demonstrators.

4 If / we / understand the consequences of our actions I we I act sooner to save the planet.

If / people I use less oil/it! not start to run out.

6 If / I / pay more attention / I/learn more about genetic engineering in food.

5 Read the texts and write sentences using the

third conditional.

Jack saw the recycling icon. He put the glass bottle in a recycling bin. He had an idea to help the environment. He asked teachers at school to provide recycling bins.

a) /fJack hadn't seen the reCJCIt·"3 icon he woufcln't haveput the Jlass hottle in a recyclt"ng bin.

bJ ___

c)

2 The factory manager put the waste into the river. The fish ate it. The fish died. The local residents protested.

a) _

b) __

c)

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Jrammar check

the dialogue and circle the correct words.

1IiIIIWfI~~~==---

2

Molly Did you throw this glass bottle in the bin? Brad Yes, why?

Molly Brad, if we don't recycle, we (1) .. ' to protect the environment.

Brad But 1 do recycle sometimes!

Molly Sometimes isn't enough. If everybody was as lazy as you, it (2) .. ' impossible to clean up the world.

Brad Hey! I'm not lazy. I do my bit for the planet.

I'll tell you about it if you (3) ... me to.

Molly I'm listening!

Brad If you hadn't been studying all week,

(4) ... that I've started to build an organic waste box in the garden.

Molly Really?

Brad Yeah! If I had known you were so interested in recycling, I (5) ... you to help

me.

Molly I'll help you now if you (6) ... me what to do.

Brad Great! Come on!

a) don't help 2 a) will be

3 a)want

4 a) you would have noticed

a) would have asked 6 a) show

b) won't help b)would be b) wanted

b) you would had noticed

b) would ask b) will show

4

5 @'Ell Listen and check your answers.

6 7 8

Error correction


If we won't use renewable energy, we'll run out of oil.)(

(we doJ'd use venewahle eneYjJ? we'll YUH out 0(0£1.

She would helps me if I went to her house. )(

If my English would be better, I'd go to tonoon.x

What do you do if you had a million euros? )(

4 If I played better, the team would have won. )(

He wouldn't have gone to university if he didn't study hard at school. )(

6 If you had lived in the last century, what would you do and where would you go?)(

Would the sea had been polluted if the ship had been more secure? )(

Translation


4

7

Reading

Read the text quickly and match these headings with the correct paragraphs.

London

2 The future

3 The 1953 floods

4 The Thames Barrier

2 Gm Read and listen to the text. What do these numbers refer to?

1953
2 three hundred
1,600
4 24,000
500 million
more than 100 a) __

~he North Sea floods of 1953 were one of the worst natural disasters to affect the UK. A combination of storms and high tides caused sea levels to rise over three metres

above normal levels. Ihree hun.dred people died and the flooding damaged 1,600 kilometres of coastline and 24,000

3 Answer the questions.

When did the Thames Barrier start to function?

Where is the biggest movable barrier in the world?

How long will it take for the barrier to close if there is a flood threat?

4 What will increase the probability of flooding in the future?

b)_~~~~~_

The river Ihames has flooded many times in the past, causing damage and death. But if condon !looded today, it would be difficult to calculate the cost of the damage. Many of the capital's iconic signts on the banks of Ihe river would be destwyed, transport systems would break down and millions of lives would be affected, This is why engineers have spent a lot of time and money on projects to prevent London flooding. The most important is the Thames ffiarrier.

c)'·~ ~~_

The Thames Barrier crosses the river at Woolwich in the south-east 01 London. rour thousand people worked on

the project, which cost £500 million to build and offipially opened in 1984. ~he Thames Banier stretches from one bank of the river to the other - a distance of 520 metres, It IS the second biggest movable ba"ier in the world - alter one in The Netherlands. The barrier has nine concrete piers dividing the river into ten channels. At the end of each pier there

are large gates which are normally open. If there is a 1I00d threat, the gates will close, shutting off the river within 30 minutes. Since the Ihames Barrier opened, it has been used more than 1.00 times.

d)_~~~~~_

Engineers believe that the Thames Barrier will protect London from the wurst effects of flooding until 2030. However, environmentalists believe that a combination of the increase in sea levels as a result of the melting of the ice caps and more frequent storms caused by climate change will increase the risk of flooding. If things don't change soon the barrier will not wotectLondon for long. '

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Complete

Your complimentary useperiodhasende~ Thank you for using PDF Complete.

Pollution from traffic, especially cars, contributes to global warming. People have different ideas about the best way to combat this problem.

(3) On the other hand / Moreover, many people believe that these measures don't address the real problem. (4) Moreover / However some drivers refuse to respect 'no car' days. They argue that they need their cars to get to their jobs. They

(5) also / on the other hand think that if public transport was better, more peopLe would use it.

In some cities there are 'no car' days, when drivers can't use their cars on certain days of the week. Some people argue that this helps to reduce pollution. Experts (1) also / however say that 'no

car' days encourage people to use public transport. In conclusion, I think that no car days wouLd be (2) Moreover / However, by using less petrol, 'no a good way to combat traffic poUution if public

car' days help reserve supplies of fossil fuels. transport systems were more reliable.

Plan

o Prepare a for and against essay about one of these topics. Write notes in the table below.

mere is no place for zoos in the rnodenn wo,ld. S,,"oking show Is be illegal. 1eenagers should study fewer subjects. The voting age should be 16.

Notes
Paragraph 1 0 An introductory sentence
Paragraph 2 0 The arguments for
Paragraph 3 0 The arguments against
Paragraph 4 0 Your conclusion Write

o Write an essay. Use the model essay and the notes you made in exercise 2 to help you.

Dialogue builder

Apologizing 4 ~ Listen and check your answers.

Complete the useful expressions with these words. 5 Complete the dialogues. Use some of the useful

expressions from exercise 1.

Woman Don't worry about it. I'll let you go first.

Claire (4) first I please I You I go.

Ohno. __

Woman It doesn't matter. You didn't know. Don't

worry about it!

Claire (5) didn't III realize.

Check Oh, I feel awful now. _

o Check your writing. Check you have used linkers of contrast and addition. (meek you have included both sides of the argument and at least one conditlonal sentence,

1 I'm really about last night.
2 I feel now!
3 Don't about it!
4 It's OK. I don't
It doesn't
6 Are you 2 G:EI Listen and check your answers.

3 Claire is in a supermarket. Order the words to complete Claire's part of the dialogue.

Butcher Who's next?

Claire (1) sausages II'd I some I please Ilike.

Me. _

Woman Excuse me, but I think I'm next, not you.

Claire (2) before I you III here I But I was.

Woman But I've got number 34. Look!

Claire (3) had I ticket III know I we I to I take I a I didn't.

Oh, I'm sorry. __

A Hey - why didn't you meet me last night?

B (1) __

I was on the phone for ages and I forgot.

A I waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes!

B (2) __

Did you go home?

A No, I didn't. (3) _

I had a nice time anyway. I met Sonia in the end and we went for a pizza.

2 A Excuse me! I think you gave me the wrong change.

B (4) __

A Yes, I'm sure. I gave you a £20 note and you only gave me change from a £10 note.

B (5) _

Here's the correct change.

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______ and ~_ are

example, of fossil fuels,

Terrible mit the east coast of

England in 1'953.

We should develop more. renewable

energy resounces like ~ __ and

4 SOme people believe that wi"ll

help to prevent famine in the Third W..,dOl.

__ ~ is a consequence of 0lM lack of

care for the environment.

The envir-onment: verbs arid neuns

:2 Match the beginning, of the words with their endings.

poilu a) ction

b) tion

c) ing

d) ment

e) al

f) ration

€Iemon,t
improve
4 surviv
5 destru
6 recycl 3 Complete the Sentences with the words frern exercise 2.

There. has been an.~~~~~~ in-attitudes

towards protecting the environment.

2 They organized a in favour of

animal rights.

3 People are worried about the --

of Some endangered spe@ies.

4 We nave a bin in our momse.

5 I am concerned about the effect, of the __ ~~~~of the ,.mazo" rainforest.

6 ,. lot of ~~_~_~i' caused by burning fossil f.illels.

and second conditionals

ilete the sentences IIsing the wards. in

2

(the world! have! big problems in the future) You won't pass your test __ -'--~~~ __

(you! not study)

4 If we didn't protect the birds, -t- __

(theyl become! endanqered)

Would you buy organic food """~"=~~~~

(it! be! cheaper)

6 You would use less electricity ~_~ _

'(you! use flew-energy bulbs)

Third conditional

5 correct the sentences.

If we had known about the effects of global warrninq, we would act sooner, X

2

so much. X

4 Would the situation have gQ1 so bad if people installed solar panels in their 1000,,,e,? X

Temperatures wouldn't have risen if we controlled the effects of climate change. X

6 Would people have realized the extentof the problem it we wGuldn't have organized the demonstration? X


Tom What would you do if you (1) ... a million pounds?

Lisa That's easy. (2) ... around the world. What about you? (3) ... ? Tom I'd choose a few different charity organizations and give each of

them a few thousand pounds. Then I'd (4) .. a house fa, myself.

Lisa Why not buy one?

Tom Because if I (5) '" my own house I would install ecological

heating and liqhtinq, I (6) ... anything that could harm the planet.

Lisa If we (7) ... the ozone layer, we wouldn't need to be so careful now.

Tom Exactly ..

lisa You warry too much T0m. lfyou (8) ... 'a serious all the time, you"d enjoy life much more.

Tom I knowl I know!

Lisa Let's make a pact. If I win the lattery, (9) ... half ofi the money to save the

planet. If you (10) ... the lotte'o/, you'll use half of the money to, have a qood time!

Tom OK. But there's only one problem. llisa What's that?

Tom I never buy lottery tickets. I don't believe in luck!

a) win b) dowin c) won
2 a) I will travel b) I'd travel c) travel
3 a) What do you do b) What are you doing c) What would you de>
4 a) build oj bui!> c) building
a~ build blouilt c) building
6 a) not use b) won't use c) wouldn't use
7 aj hadn't destcoyed b) haven't destroyed 0) don't destroy
8 a~' wasm't b) a,en't c) w€u€-m'1:'
9 a) I would use I;J) I'll use c) I use
~,o a) win b) won c) will win listen again and <irde the correct words.

Britain saves I wastes a IQ;f of eAer;gy.

2 You should turn off your computes / monitor during tme €lay.

Mobile phone diiargers usel dQn't use a lot of energy.

4 You cou Id provide 115,000 n 50,000 hermes with elect,icity saved from chargers. "~e,gy-,aving liqht bulbs last 80 h 111 times lonqes than no,mal bulbs. Dishwa~hecs ! Washing machines use a 10t of energy.

You can use 14% ! 40% less energy if you lower tme temperatere of. the washin@ mlaCip,ine.

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Vocabulary 1

':: Recycle Circle the correct words.

That's a very~1 shocking hat - I'd prefer something more modern.

What an awful 1 unusual hairstyle you've got. I love it!

The film was amazing 1 awful. The acting was bad and the plot was boring.

3 Stop standing on your head! Don't be so unusual 1 silly.

4 She's a really nice laid-fashioned woman. She always says hello and she's very helpful.

The film has some silly 1 shocking scenes of violence. If you are sensitive, don't watch it!

6 Wow! That's an amazing / awful view. I can see the whole village from here!

Visual arts

Find these words in the wordsquare.

~ drawing 9,afifi.ti WGRrait

qraphie desigm shll li<l'e fashion desi!!!n pottery sculsture lami!Js€ape installation

F S ( U L P T U R E T y P
A E I P 0 R T R A I T L 0
S I D W G I E I L S R L T
H N W R R S T E S T L A T
I N S T A L L A T I 0 N E
0 T L E F W R P E L N D R
N E E W F E I T T L U S y
D M I V I M 0 N J L U c 0
E H T A T A I H G I X A T
S S I c I R S E N F 0 P E
I F S S I S D 0 K E ( E V
G R A P H I ( D E S I G N
N ( H E c R A F T I H T Q 2 Order the letters to write the names of types of artists.

iapretn

frigfiat sttira 2 rucoslpt krapmtnier 4 ttroep rigseden

oainicr

I


Jack is doing a _-1f",acgi!:!.nt"in!:!.'j'l-_ of his friend, Ken.

It's very colourful!

1 Outside the shopping centre there's a ______ made of marble.

Van Gogh painted a of himself

after cutting his ear off.

I love those by Brueghel -

the ones with snow-covered countryside.

4 There is some colourful on the

wall opposite the school playing fields.

My mum collects . She's got

about a hundred different pots.

I'd like to work in . Ilove

clothes:

7 Have you got a pencil? I'm going to make a

______ of your face.

Grammar 1

The passive: affirmative and negative

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb be.

Radium was discovered by Marie Curie.

Millions of songs downloaded

every day.

Last week I invited to the opening

of a new art gallery.

In the future, houses cleaned by

robots.

4 The permanent exhibition now

visited by thousands of people every year.

These pictures all painted by the

same artist in the twentieth century.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct present passive form of the verbs in brackets.

'_~==="''''" un ~ "i~ !)lac"ine. (!)lalte) ,_~~_~ int~a mel1ld.(put)

3 Write sentences using the past passive.

The printing press 1 invent 11440 1 Gutenberg rhe,PYinting,PYtss was invented in 1440 boY Gutenberg. 1 War and Peace 1 write 118691 Tolstoy

La Maja Vestida 1 paint 1 Goya 11805

The light bulb 1 invent 118791 Thomas Edison

4 The pyramids 1 build 1 the Egyptians 12750 B(

Swan Lake and The Nutcracker 1 compose 1 Tchaikovsky 11876 and 1892

4 Complete the text with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.

0~oa[ffi

COMPETITION

A grqffiti competition (1) wi!! be held (hold) in the school playgrownd next week. All pupils

(2) (invite) to enter. The competition

closes at 3.00 film on Friday and the entries

(3) (judge) by a panel of experts.

Winners (4) (announce) at 4.00 pm.

The winning !lraffiti (5) (reproduce)

in the local press. Prizes (6), (give out)

by the head teacher Mr King. The winners

(7) (award) £150.

5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Start each sentence with the underlined words.

Leonardo da Vinci painted The Mona Lisa.

The MaMa Lisa waspait-dedby LeoMardo da Vinci 1 Robots will do all our menial tasks.

2 The town council will remove the graffiti.

The artists cover the wall with white paint.

4 Constable painted the landscapes in this room.

The teacher moved the sculpture to the library.

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plete the sentences with these words.

dans
2 noset
3 versil
4 dewoon'
5 ed
6 ylwool 2 Label the pictures with the adjectives 1-6 from ex-ercise 1.

c) _

d) _

e)_~ _

f)

This isn't a stone house. It's made of _-,w"""oo",c!L__

I love your scarf. What kind of ---C~-- is it made of?

This crate is made of plastic. I need a _____ one.

Wear this hat! It'll keep you

warm.

4 Are the underlined words nouns or adjectives?

Write NorA.

This is a gillQ watch. It's very expensive. _A_ 1 Bronze is made by mixing copper and

tin.

2 Let's make a sand castle!

Have you ever seen an ke_ sculpture? __

4 Gold is mined in a lot of countries around the world.

The ice in my drink is melting. __ 6 The sand on this beach is artificial.

7 There's a bronze statue of Mozart in the park. __

5 Circle the most appropriate words.

I was given a bronze / ice /~jumper for my birthday.

1 My dad a Iways sits on a sand / wooden / gold chair.

The Spanish basketball team won the

silver / wooden / stone medal in the Olympics. The pyramids in Egypt are made of

sand / bronze / stone.

4 The children are making castles with gold / sand / bronze on the beach.

The silver I ice I sand in the Antarctic is disappearing.

6 For her birthday she was given a silver bracelet / hat / carving.

It was a cold day so I wore my woolly sculpture / carving / hat.

Grammar 2

The passive: questions

Complete the questions with the correct form of the verb be.

How many medals ~ she awarded in the last Olympics?

1 . When the first telephone call made?

2 Will 1_. invited to the party next week?

3 When the pictures stolen from the

gallery?

4 HOw many plastic bags thrown away

every year?

How much spending money Paul

given every day?

2 Match the beginnings of the questions with their endings.

How much was he paid ItJ
When will the new museum D
How many bottles of Coca Cola D
4 Was this picture D
Where will the new church D
6 Were those operas D a) be finished?

b) composed by a French man?

c) painted by Dalf?

d) are sold every year?

e) be built?

f) for working in the gallery?

3 Rewrite the affirmative sentences as questions.

Paper was invented by the Chinese. Wasl'Cif'eY invented!;l the Chinese?

1 She will be invited to the gallery.

The collection was designed by him.

The paintings will be auctioned later today.

4 The exhibition was organized by the school.

Children are allowed to watch this film.

4 Rewrite the questions in the passive.

Why did they arrest the man? Why was the man arrested?

When will they announce the winner?

Will they give the winner a prize?

Where did they exhibit the paintings?

4 Do they sell the artist's paintings here?

Where do they usually show the sculpture?

5 Read the film review and write passive questions for the answers.

Roy Grady.

who was the/lit'" clirectedb.J?

1 A book called Lonely Hearts.

Scotland.

Simon Noon and Amy Hobson.

4 Some artists.

An ancient manuscript.

6 Next month.

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2 3 4

8

Error correction


The painting were sold at an auction. X The paintiJ1..."a was solt/at an auction.

The competition wi II judged by a panel of experts. X

The clothes are all design by the same designer. X

Was painted Las Meninas by Velazquez? X

4 I was gave a silver bracelet for my birthday. X

Why the girl she was arrested? X

6 When will be played the game? X

7 How are chocolate made? X

Translation


2 3 4

6 7

rammar check

the text and circle the correct words.

day as it stands §jl!.latid outside tme Gu~get"lheitm M.se.", in Bilbao I"upp¥ ~3) ... entirely ef flewers. lOne basi€. sculpture eA·) ... from stainless steel frames and has an mterrral watering system. Plants (5~ ... inside the structure and the frames (6) . I"uppy (7) ... om pestcar,"s and souvenirs that 18) ... in all corners of the city for rmar.lY years to come.

1 a)~ b) is created
2 a) is visited b) was visited
3 a) is making b) is made
4 a) formed b) was formed
a) is grown b) are grown
a) are not seeing b) aren't seen
a) are seen b) will be seen
8 a) are sold b) were sold
5 ~ Listen and check your answers. Reading

Read the text quickly and tick (,f) the five cities that are mentioned.

Chicago D
2 Los Angeles D
Barcelona D
4 Paris D
5 Zurich D
6 Liverpool D
7 Manchester D
8 Vigo D 2 Find antonyms (opposites) of these words in the text.

small, unimportant m
tiny h
private p
4 lying down
last 3 ~ Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.

What is CowParade?

2 What are the cows made of?

Where did the idea for CowParade start?

4 Who organized CowParade in Chicago?

What happens to the cows after each exhibition finishes?

6 Which animals were used in Berlin?

What is CowParade?

CowParade is the biggest public art event in the world. It started in Chicago in 1999 and has spread to major cities on every continent. CowParade is an exhibition

of fibre glass sculptures of life-size cows, decorated by local artists. The huge sculptures are placed around the city in public places like parks and streets so everybody can see them.

The original idea

The concept started in Zurich in 1998. It was based on a similar project of painted lions

sculptor Pascal Knapp was commissioned to design the cows. He made them all the same size but varied their positions. Some were lying down and others were standing up. Chicago businessman Peter Hanig was so impressed with the concept that he decided to organize an event in his home town in 1999. Neither Knapp nor Hanig knew that this was the beginning of an international cow boom!

Raising money for charity

After each event, the cows are sold in

auctions. Most of the money is given to charity organizations. In Chicago the first cows were

sold for a total of $3 million. The auction was held by Sotheby's and buyers were able to bid online. One cow was bought for $110,000!

The future

of CowParade

CowParade is growing and changing.

The sculptures do not change but the artists are inspired by their own cultures and styles. Sometimes there are other animals, such as bears in Berlin. CowParade has been in London (2002), Manchester (2004), Barcelona (2005) and Vigo (2007). But it has not finished. Look out for a Cow Parade coming to a city near you!

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NOUl71S: sculpture Verb: design

rtw r k

st_t __ m k

c r

Adjectives: different > _ n t._ r _ s t _ n g

Plan

o You are going to write about The Persistence of Memory, a famous painting by Salvador DaH. First, find a picture of the painting in a book or on the internet. Then read the information about the painting and write notes in the table below.

Paragraph 3

.0 Your opinion ofthe pai'nting and reasons why YQ.U like / dislike it

Notes

Paragraph 1

o About the painting: name

of painting, name and nationality: of painter, date of painting, where it is located

Paragraph 2

o What the painting shows, the materials used, a description of the background and the foreqround

Write

9 Write a description ef the painting. Use the notes you made in exercise 2 to help you.

Check

o Check your writin.g. Check you have used different words to make the description interestinq.

Check you used examples of the passive.

Dialogue builder

Asking for and giving opinions

Circle the correct expression, a or b.

a) What do you think of this dress?

b) What do you think about this dress? 2 a) Ilike it quite.

b) I quite like it.

a) I can't make my decision up.
b) I can't make my mind up.
4 a) I'm not very keen in it.
b) I'm not very keen on it.
a) I guess you are right.
b) I guess you have right. 2 ~ Listen and check your answers.
3 Toby and Gina are in a shop looking for a card
for their friend Carla's 18th birthday. Read the
dialogue and circle the correct words.
Toby What do you think (1) about! of this funny
card?
Gina I'm not sure. I (2) quite I might like it, but
not for Carla. It's too childish.
Toby Maybe you're (3) all right / right.
Gina Oh! How about (4) those / that one - with
Daniel Craig? She likes him.
Toby No, I'm not very keen (5) in / on that one.
Gina Why' What don't you like (6) about / for it?
Toby I think she'd prefer something more
colourful.
Gina I can't make my mind (7) about I up.
Toby (8) Look / Look at! That cartoon one is
interesting.
Gina Yeah. It's definitely more colourful. I think
(9) she'll like / she likes it.
Toby Me too. Let's buy it.
Gina OK. Now, what about a present?
4 @.'Ell Listen and check your answers. 5 Toby and Gina are in a shop looking for some earrings for Carla. Complete the dialogue using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.

Toby Do you think Carla would like these

earrings?

Gina I don't know.

(1) _

Toby You might not be keen on them, but do you think Carla would like them?

Gina I think they're too small. Hey,

(2) _

Toby Hmm. I don't think she'd like those silver ones. She prefers gold. Do you like these long gold ones?

Gina (3) _

Yes, I do too.

Toby So, shall we get the gold ones or the silver ones?

Gina I'm not sure.

(4) _

Toby I think she'd prefer the gold ones.

Gina Yes.

(5) _

Toby You know I'm right! Come on, let's buy them.

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issive: questions

11ii1.11.J:!~~~~~~~~~ ....,. --.--,,,,,,:the words to make passive questions,

by I directed I Steven Spielberg I Star Wars?

tripn

ripaghc singed 4 repotyt

5 wargidn

6 dalepnasc 7 pusrutecl 8 riptorat

9 tislaonnlait 10 gaipintn

Nouns as adjectives: materials

2 Find eight adjectives for materials in the wordsnake.

4

6.

Tolstoy I Was! written I War and Peace I by ?

oranqes I Seville / in I Are I gr.mriJfI ?

4 next I the I shown I Will f TV ! World Cup I be I on?

the Louvre I Las Men/flasl exhibited lis I in ?

newspaper I be I the I Willi in I the I story I told?

5 Write short answers for the questions in exercise 4.

No,
2 Yes,
a Yes,
4 Yes,
5 No,
6 No, 8

The passive: affirmative and negative

3 Write sentences in the passive.

the Tate Mocdern I build I in 2000.

Coffee I not grow I in England.

The prizes I give f to the winners next Saturday.

4 Sunflowers I not paint I by Edvard Munch.

The winner / announce I next Friday.

6 The streets I clean I every day.


What are cars ... of?

a) make

b) made

c) makes

2 When will the paintings ... exhibited?

a) are b) be c) will be

Why was the artist ... a prize?

a) given 0) gave c) gived

4 How much spagAetti is ... in Italy every day?

a) eat b) ate c) eaten

Were all the thieves ... ?

a) arrest

b) arresting c) arrested

6 How many birthday cards .. " sent next year?

a) will b) will be c) will are

Cumulative gramlil1ar '.»84., 'j ? >


The Clielsea International Fine Art Competition (1) . every year. The competition (2) ... by the Agora Gallery in New York and all 'artists over the age of 18 (3) ... to take part. The first competition (4) ... in 1984 and each year there are more €rltr.ies.

The competition,rules (5) ... on the Ag"ra Gallery web page. Paintings (6) ... by museum curators and art experts from around the world. Winnicg artists (7) ... by the gallery and their painting> (8) ... online and in an exhibition.

Erizes worth $1,000 (9) ... between the three winning artists and another $37,000 (10) ... on promotions, reviews and exhibitions for winners.

a) is hold b) is held c) are held
a) was organizing b) is orqanized c) was orqanized
a) is invited b) invited c) are invited
4 a) was set up b) was setted up c) is set up
a) are announce b) is announced c) are announced
a) are judged b) is judged c) judged
7 a) will promote b) will be promoted c) will be promote
8 a) will sho.wn b) is shown c) will be shown
9 a) shared b) will shared c) will be shared
10 a) will be spent b) will spend c) will be spending GEiI.!,.isten to this extract from a radio programme.

listen aqain and circle the 'correct words.

Nick flynn was visiting a museum I an art gallery in Cambridge. Mr flynn had no I two broken bones.

Mr Flynn broke three glass I porcelain vases.

4 The vases were valued at £50,000 I £500;000.

The police believe / don't believe it was an accident.

Mr Flynn has I hasn't been able to visit the museum again.

Staff took two and a half hours z days "0 pick up the broken pieces.

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Vocabulary 1


.:j Recycle Order the letters to make adjectives.

tfngeehdri frightmed

1 dogo

2 readsc

raidaf

4 pacleab

I can't stand being in high places. I've got vertigo

I never go in litts. I suffer from _

Don't buy that T-shirt for Jenny. It's got a picture of a tarantula on it and she's got

Fears and phobias

1 Read the clues and complete the crossword.

I stood up to speak to the class and I was so nervous I couldn't say anything. I hate

,-
.£
2__ ,- 2
I'I_ I' 1 .,.- -
_E__ f-- -
.: - '6 f-- -
!!- - f-- f-- -
~ f--
.. 17 I I -
- L_ -
's 1 J f- -
l'
':4 1 I I I l
ef_
,£_ I" I I I
L_ 4 My mother cleans the house three times a day.

She's obsessed with cleaning and disinfecting

things. She thinks there are _

everywhere.

A is a person who comes from another country. A is someone that you don't know.

6 Pam loves being with lots of people, but she

doesn't mind being either.

When I was younger I slept with the light on.

I was afraid of the _

3 Write sentences describing which phobia the people suffer from.

Mary is scared of heights. She su/fers from vertigo.

Down

a small space you cannot move in 2 how high something is

fear of going outside

a small animal with eight legs 6 fear and dislike of foreigners

1 John is afraid of spiders.

Lots of my friends are afraid of foreigners.

Across

4 bacteria that spreads disease somebody who you don't know 8 a long thin animal with no legs fear of spiders

10 somebody from another country

Peter can't stand being in high places.

4 My mum can't leave the house.

Sue is terrified of confined spaces.

Grammar 1

Modals of obligation, prohibition and ability

Look at the pictures and write sentences with can or can't.

®rrf1.:: lljW

1 You can't walk on thejrass. 2

3

4

6

2 Complete the sentences with can, can't, could or couldn't.

Martin can speak French, German and

Italian. He's very good at languages.

1 Have you seen my mobile? I've looked

everywhere and I find it!

2 We open the door because we

didn't have the key.

3 He play the guitar when he was

only eight years old.

4 I come now because I'm busy.

Look at her! She dance really well.

3 Complete the sentences with mustn't or don't have to.

You don't have to cook lunch. I've done it.

1 You show Peter that spider - he's

got arachnophobia.

2 We go to school on Saturdays.

3 You tell her - it's a secret.

4 You bring mobiles to class - it isn't

allowed.

_____ 90 to bed early - there's no school tomorrow.


When I was younger I

could do

gymnastics very well, but now 1 _

2 My sister sing really well. She sings

in a group.

You wear special clothes to climb

a mountain.

4 You clean the car - I've done it.

_____ forget my mum's birthday this year - last year I forgot!

We walk up the stairs yesterday

because Peter is afraid of lifts.

7 The school bus didn't arrive this morning but I

_____ walk to school- my dad took me.


It is difficult to imagine howa pea (1~/ has to cause problems - it is such a small and harmless thing. Most of us (2) have to / can eat peas without worrying about them. We (3) don't have to! mustn't worry about seeing frozen peas in the supermarket.

But Louise Arnold from Gloucester (4) has! must to be very careful about peas. She has a severe case of pea phobia - she (~) doesn't have to! can't be around peas.

Louise (6) can I has to suffer a panic attack just by hearing the word peas. She (7) couldn't / can't eat in a restaurant if there are peas on someone's plate. She (8) can / has to avoid the frozen vegetables section of supermarkets.

Her phobia began after her daughter was born. Before then she (9) can I could eat peas - no problem. But after the baby was born, Louise (10) didn't have to! couldn't be anywhere near peas.

Her friends gave her

a T-shirt with the logo 'GIVE PEAS A CHANCE: but she (11) had to I must give it back. She (12) couldn't I mustn't look at it!

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slete the sentences with a suitable word exercise 2. Use the correct verb forms.

111.llrr~~~~~~:-r=4' ran?fatheris blind. He lost his

__ ~..,__ __ a few years ago.

His is really bad. He always has

to put the TV on really loud.

hearing 4 touch smell

D D D D

2 Match the verbs with the sense and the part of the body in the box.

verb sense part of the body
1 smell smetl
2 feel
3 sound
4 look
5 taste The new shopping centre really

ugly. It's grey and boring.

This jumper Iovely and soft. It's

very comfortable.

4 What's that noise? It like a

baby crying.

This ice cream good. Do you

want some?


i-1aving a great time here in Greece. The (0 ".

from my hotel window i~ fanta~tic. I can (';2) ... blue ~Kie.~ and blue. ~e.a all arounc\. The. food here. (3) ". de.IiGiou~ - the.y have. the. be.~t ~alad~ in the. world. Thi~ morning we. we.nt to the. be.ach. The. fno~h ~e.8 air (4) ". wonderfL,1 anc\ the. sand (5) ,,' warm under

your fe.e.!.

Tonight there. i~ 8 lowl fe.<:tiv8\. vou wn (6) ". the. mu~ic alre.ady! It (7) ". gre.8t.

Wi~h you we.no here,

Ne.llie.

a)@ b) sight c) see
a) look b) view c) see
a) sounds b) feels c) tastes
4 a) smells b) smell c) look,
5 a) sounds b) feels c) tastes
6 a) sound b) listen c) hear
a) sounds b) hears c) feels Grammar 2

Modals of deduction and possibility

Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

It's possible Jim is in his office. (might) fim might he in his oflice.

1 I'm sure Paul works at home. (must)

2 I'm certain he isn't in class. (can't)

I'm sure they train regularly. (must)

4 It's possible that I will have a coffee. (might)

It's impossible that she's working tonight. (can't)

2 Rewrite the sentences using might, must or can't.

I'm quite sure she is in class. She must he in class.

Maybe she speaks French.

2 It isn't Paul at the door - he's on holiday.

3 I'm sure they will arrive soon - they left four hours ago.

3 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with must be or can't be.

He can't he going fishing.

He

teenager.

He going

to play baseball.

4 She teenager.

She going

to school.

She holiday.


were at horne. [,'ti w.as darker ;fj~aiOl usual. scary. 5wddeoly there was a loud knock at the d@m: ~NO~K! KNQ~K! f:JNGCK! Eddie was ~ery

'Who is kmod'iMg a, !he dOG,,' Me aske€l. '[t

(1) mustn't f~l.;;e the p0stman. It's tQ)0 late. t

on

'I'"" rnwnfjry: said PeMY. '~liie r'i<za .,my is late.' 'Gin n@! '{.QU (g) can't j. don't have tose ser.iGlllS!

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2

rammar check

Hi Anna,

Did you get my last email? You h~venrt r answered! You (1) ... write much If you haven t got time - just a few lines would be nice. I

(2) ... write much myself today. I (3) my

b tner with his homework. He (4) do much

ro h' I

but if I don't help him, he won't do anyt Ing.

By the way, I've got some news! It's a secret though. You (5) ... tell anybody, OK? Do you remember Jenny? Well, she (6) ... go and see

the head teacher this morning. They caught her painting graffiti in the school playground. Sh~ts in serious trouble. I think she (7) .. expelled. Her parents (8) .. go to the school tomorrow for a meeting. I'll let you know what happens.

Love, Sarah

4 5 6 7 8

Error correction


They couldn't to climb the mountain without ropes. X

They couM" 't c(,"mb the mountain wdhout ropes.

; j

1 She didn't have wear a uniform. ,

It's Sunday - we mustn't go to school. X

He did must pay a fine. X

4 He's carrying a bag full of letters - he can be the postman. X

Who's that at the door? It mustn't be Paula because she's at work. X

6 He doesn't like confined spaces - he must to have claustrophobia. X

He might arrives late. X

Translation


3 4

7

a)~'t haveJW b) haven't to
2 a) couldn't b) can't
a) have to help b) must to help
4 a) don't have to b) doesn't have to
5 a) mustn't b) haven't
6 a) hasto b) have to
7 a) might to be b) might be
8 a) have to b) must
5 @ED! Listen and check your answers. Reading

Match the words. Then read the text quickly to check. .

3 ~ Read and listen to the text. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.

Richardson isn't afraid of lions.

fully a) move
human b) animals
career c) grown
4 life d) twice
5 think e) physiology
wild f) threatening Richardson only works with lions.

Richardson works in South America.

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean:

to be afraid that you are
going to die
in addition to b
injury or hurt h
4 getting better after being ill
5 drastic
walked away from a fight w 4 Richardson thinks animals are more trustworthy than people.

Richardson was attacked by a lion.

6 Richardson now works for the hospital and the conservation park.

Ric:hardsen works in a wildlife c0mservatiiofl p-ari< in j0hanmesIDur.g, $0utih Af;F1€a. ~e works wi.1i arl kinds of big cats out says that his favourite arrimalIs tne ~iom - the kirrq OTI the jungle. Alite" s'tidying human physiolo.gy, RiGfuardson found a [ob in a nes'pit§U. He w6.lr;~ed witf.JjDeople Wh0 were eifliler. waiting fer en re.€Ove'l9ng frern an operation. Ten years ago l:ie realized that ne could "mst a lion more 'han oe [owlO trust an0TIner human and me made a !'adka~ Career. move.

mne incident that changed his life happenem when Rioloardson mail a Eife-threatening er.10Qur:lter. witm a fQur-year-0lffi male ~;on. The ~;0F1 attaeked Rkharoson ami started lDiting him. ~ut SGmethir.lg about Rkhards6.lIil's calm and passive response made

the ~iOh th·in~ twice. ~e stopped his attack and witharew. Rid:iardson was. able to walk away unharmed. "oat is une mome"t wfuen he abandoned his mospilal job and offered his services t0iti<1e €0f1Serllati0n park.

Wr"en asked how me san t:qme sush wHcl animals, RicliaritlsQn replies. I[ don't use stiG:ks, whips ,@r chains, just patieflce. If may hie dangerol!ls, but ~hlis i-s a Rassien f0r me, not a job:

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While / album / he / ill / he / was / his I working / became / on ! new.

wife I daughter / his I Now / Rome / wit;" / he / in / lives / and.

3 worked / lived ras / a I he / waiter / When / he I in / Paris.

4

his / A I later / met / wife / he / year.

6

Plan

e Read the motes about Stevie Wonder and answer the questions.

Whem and where was he born?

4

When did he win an Oscar? (VV"ich category?)

6 What has he done since then? (Which prizes has he won?)

Stevie Wonder (singer and pianist) Date of birth: 13th May 1950

Place of birth: Michigan, USA

blind from birth

Disability:

Early years Age 7:

Age 12:

Age 13:

started piano lessons made first record

first number one hit:

Fingertips

Fame

1 985: Won an Oscar for best song (I just called to say I love you)

2009: Performed for President Obama

Won 25 Grammy awards

Write

o Write a biography of Stevie Wonder. Use the notes you made in exercise 2 to help you. Write three paragraphs.

Check

o Check yom writing. Check yo~ have used expressions of time and sequence.

Dialogue builder

Asking for permission

Order the words to make useful expressions.

extra III pocket I have I money / Can I some?

2 another / five / Can't / I / pounds / have?

pounds / two / Let's / then / say.

4 just! more I Oh, / thing / one / ...

your / ask / better / mother / You'd.


3 Jade is asking her dad if she can go out at the weekend. Write Jade's sentences in the correct place in the dialogue.

a) Thanks Dad. Oh, just one more thing ...

b) Can I have £1 0 for the ticket?

c) At the Roxy. Everybody's going.

d) Oh, Dad' Can't I stay out later?

e) Dad, can I go to a pop concert on Saturday?

f) Sally's Dad will give me a lift if I can stay out till eleven.

g) I'm not sure. Probably about half past nine.

Jade (1) _

Dad Where's the concert?

Jade Dad Jade Dad Jade Dad

(2) _

And what time does it finish?

(3) _

OK. But make sure you're home by ten.

(4) _

Well, let's say half pastten then. How are-:

you getting home?

Jade (5) _

Dad OK. I'll give him a ring later to check.

Jade (6) _

Dad Yes?

Jade (7) _

Dad You'd better ask Mum. She's in charge of the money,

4 (3riEI Listen and check your answers.

5 Mike wants to go to the arts festival. Look at the advert and write a dialogue using some of the use\u) expressions trom exercise 1.

: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• SOUTH PARK ARTS FESl'lVAL •

• • • • • • •

Three days - Friday 21st, Saturday 22nd, Su.nday 23,d August

MUSIC. THEATRE. ARTS & GRAFTS

WORKSHOPS, COMJ;DI~NS. •

FOOD STAttS

•

• • •

• •

• £6 per day or £15 for ehle wh,,/e V\'ee~en0

• Free call1l;;>ing!

•

• ••••

•

• ••• • •

. . . . ..

Mike asks permission to go to the arts festival. Mike's mum asks for details of the festival. Mike gives details.

4 Mike's mum gives permission for Mike to go for one day.

Mike says that his friends are going for the weekend.

6 Mike's mum agrees that he can go for the weekend.

Mike asks his mum for money for the weekend.

8 Mike's mum tells him to ask his dad.

Mike (1)

Mum (2)
Mike (3)
Mum (4)
Mike (5)
Mum (6)
Mike (7)
Mum (8)
~
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lis of obligation, prohibition

11II ••• ~~~~~::~:_ -:- __ ,-rr;:;::r~lbilitY

the correct words.

I can I can't be near spiders - I'~e got arachnophobia.

Emma's an incredible sportswoman - she can / can't run faster than anyone in the school.

My parents have to I had to wear a mniforrm fer school when they were yowmCiJ.

4 You don't haveta I mus.tn't par~"ere! It isn't allowed. They'!l give yom a fine.

You can 1 have to study if you want 10 get good marks,

6 You can I don't have to cook i.fyolli don't want to. We can get a takeaway.

2

o o o o D o

4 Order the wares to make sentences. find I couldn't I cinema I They I the.

2 could L When.! piano I was I the I five I he I

to I game I have I had Il>efore I lunch I We Ithe.

4 catch I tal She I a I have I bus I didn't;

had I go I 10 I to I foot I school I They Ion.

Moflals of dedlllction and PQssibility


He ... cold - he's only wearing a J-shirt and it's a very cold day.

a) must be

b) can be

d must

4 spiders being alone 6 open spaces

a)

2 I ... go to Manchester, but I'm not sure yet.

aj must b) might c) wHI

She ... afraid of heiglilts - she goes mountain climbing every weekend.

a) mustn't be b) can't

c) can't be

4 "hey ... very hard. You have to be very fit to be a cyclist.

a) must to train b) must train c.;:) can trait;') It ... be Jamie at the doer! Jamie:s in Miami! a) mustn't be b) might c) can't be

I;J)

I gQve @ speech to QII the school [ WQ~ terrified!

c)

e.)

The five senses

;2 Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.

This pizza 0
I can hear 0
lt smells [ike 0
4 That hat 0
Can you feel 0 a) music

b) the sunon your skin·?

c) they're cooklnq a cake.

d) [oaks g,eat on-you.

e) tastes delicious.

Cumulative grammar •••• -4ji*"O Read the text and circle the correct words.

t.anee Armstrong, the famous American cy'dist. won the, Tour de France a record seven times between 1999 and 2005. Armstrong is one of the 9,eatest cyclists ever. But he (1) must I can I mustn't be a very strong person too. Lance started competinq as a child and when he was 13 he (2) can't /. could I can compete against adults in triathlons. In 1996 he (3) had to I must I has to stop cycling ween he was diag~osed with cancer; He (4) can't I ",mid I couldn't participate agairn until 1998. He wrote a book about his experience. In it, he says that you (5) don't have to I have to I can't give up. You (6) mustn't! have to I had to overcome problems however big they are. After overc0m"ir~!jJ cancer, Lance started a carnpaiqrrcalled I..:.ivestrong. The ca",,,,aign's message is that you (7) haven't to I don't have to I don't have be afraid of cancer - you (8) have to I had to I mustto fight it! Yow (9) can to I could I can find out more about it on: www.ltvestronq.corn. Armstrong retired from professional cycling after-winning his seventh Tour de France, but he (10) must lean I can't [ave cycling because in 2008 he announced that he was returning. Soone day he (11) can I might I can't win the Tour de France for a historic eighth time. Now that would be a record that surely

bis-ten again and choose the c:elil:ect alilswe_lls.

Helen ... fwm the illness she mad as a chi ld ..

fu) quickly recovesed

c) 1iQok a Igng 'time 1:0 l'ie~0Vel"
c) could
c) wouldn't be able to
c) could see very [lttle.
c) six
c) Helen. a~ didn't recover

2 )l(fter ne';[[ness Helen ... see. a) c0w[<ln't

b) aidn't have to

igelen's ~afeAts t:hc:lU£lht she ... c0r:mml'Jni"Gate,

a) could b~ Ailight

4 An@e Sw[[ivan ...

.a) (0"[01 see perfectly.

fu~ Q0.w[e!n't see at al],

Helen was ... years old when s~e learnt filer first sig~.

aj 21 b) 30

6 ilhe first worm that Helen [ea,,,,t was ...

a) teacher, b) water.

? In 191], He[en ...

a~ @raml!latee iir01iJ'1 tlrni\lers,f,tyo 8 Helen never learnt to ...

b) wrote essays 0f1 tr:avellil'ilg. e) wrote essays on soGialism.

b) speak.

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Vocabulary 1

. "

•• J Recycle Write these adjectives in the correct

column.

9".,01 1.,,,,I<i"9 p,etty ,,,ma,,,"io tit kina caringl slim 10y,,1

appearance

character

good rooking

Relationship verbs

Complete the expressions with these verbs.

flil1l: ffiI<

_--"as",k,,--_someone out _____ in love with someone _____ on with someone _____ out with someone _____ on someone _____ with someone _____ someone

2

4

6


I'm so upset - Jon(~~)/ flirted on me.

1 I really miss I fancy Craig - he's gorgeous!

2 Maria and Ben were shouting and having an argument I getting on well.

I haven't seen my girlfriend for three weeks. I miss I finish her.

4 Sarah's boyfriend rang her last night and cheated I finished with her.

I can't believe it! He fell in love I fancied with her after two weeks!

6 He finished with me I asked me out and I said 'yes'!

3 Match the extracts with these sentences .

They get on. extract .d:
He misses her. extract
He finished with me. extract
4 He fancies her. extract
5 She's going to ask him out. extract
6 He's cheating on her. extract
a) b)

I'm so sad - my \ didn't have a future boyfriend told me and he didn't want that our relationship to see me any more.

c)

d)

flller:e's a greup 0f us im my 'e!,~~~'~b~" spend a 10t of time together, We like the same music and -tMe same films _ we'r"~I,,,aY~laughin~and having fun.

e)

There's a girl in my school who's really pretty. I think about her a lot and I'm always lookinq at her in the classroom.

f)

wirho boy'ln my street for years bet now I like him

Grammar 1

Reported speech


He said that he meets I<@her on holiday. 1 She said that she was I is feeling ill.

They told us that they willi would visit us again in the summer.

They said that they were I are going to send me an email.

4 He said that he has I had never been in love with anyone else.

I told Tony that I have I had seen him flirting with my girlfriend.

2 Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech.

He told us that Josh She said that

My dad said that

He said that I

4

They told us that

I said that

3 Rewrite the reported speech as direct speech.

He said that he fancied her. '! fancy her!'

I 7

They said that they were going home.

She said that she had bought a cat.

She said that she would help me.

4 He said that he was going to watch the film.

She told me she had never seen anything like it.

4 Read the text and complete the dialogue with the correct verbs.

My friend Hannah told me that she had been to

a coricert with her new boyfriend. She said that she had never seen The Kaiser Chiefs before. But she thought they were really good and they were going to see them again the following month.

I asked her if she had seen anyone she knew at the concert and she told me she had seen Daniel there. He had been flirting with a girl and he

had looked very happy. I asked Hannah when I was going to see her and she said that she would come over later.

Hannah Hi! It's me. How are you?

Me Fine, and you?

Hannah Fine. I (1) went

to a concert last

night with Toby.

Me Yeah? Who played?

Hannah The Kaiser Chiefs. I (2) ~ them

before, but they were brilliant. In fact

we (3) them again next

month.

Me Did you see anyone you knew at the concert?

Hannah Yes. I (4) Daniel. He

(5) with a girl.

Me Daniel? My brother?

Hannah Yeah. He (6) really happy.

That's good. When (7) 1 see

you?

Hannah I (8) over later this evening.

Me Great. See you then.

Me

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D R E F U S E W S L
S I A R I N F D K A
Y X A W A R N T S G
R G 0 F F E R K F R
W G E E I N V I T E
C 0 M P L A I N L E
A S K N U R M L Z J
A A Y 0 H P E F F X
A D M I T T 0 A Z T
W B J P R 0 M I S E 1 'I won't do it again.' (promise)

She ___

2 'I'll help them.' (offer)

John _

'We took the money.' (admit)

They __

4 'I won't tell him again.' (agree)

She ___

'The room is a mess!' (complain)

Mum ___

6 'Do you want to come to our party?' (invite)

They _

7 'I'm not going to tell them.' (refuse)

He ___

2 Correct the sentences using to if necessary.

My mother agreed help us. t11Y mother agreedto help us.

4 Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs.

1 The teacher explained he was busy.

Last week I (1) ,oromised my mum that I

would clean my room. Of course, I forgot. My mum

(2) to give me my pocket money.

I (3) to clean it the next day, and I

2 He promised take me to the cinema.

Harry offered take us in his car.

also (4) to clean the kitchen too.

She (5) me that if I didn't do both

4 They complained the price was too high.

things she would be very annoyed with me. As I was about to start cleaning, Jack phoned and

(6) me to his house to play with

his new computer game. I (7) that

I had to clean my bedroom and the kitchen and he (8) to come over and help. What a great friend! While he's cleaning the kitchen I'll be able to watch TV.

She refused tell me her problem.

I warned her not talk to that boy!

7 My dad told me do the housework.

Grammar 2

Reported questions with if

Rewrite the sentences with if. She asked me I liked Green Day. She asked me tfl (;kedereen Day

1 I asked him he was busy.

2 She asked him he had seen the film.

3 The teacher asked us we had ever met a famous person.

4 He asked her she would go out with him.

I asked her she was going to the party.

2 Read the speech bubbles and complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs.

I asked her if she
pn(ied. Megan.
2
I asked her if She asked me if I
she Chris
interested in ice- at school.
skating.
4

She asked me if I
I asked her if she her
out a ticket for the
with me. concert.
6 ilete the reported speech using the verbs in .ets,

11II1~~IIi:~~~~~;;;;;=:;:;:::;::::;:;;:;:;;;;:_------:;;::'t go to the old factory.' (warn)

He warned." , not fogo fo the o!t(fatfory.

He asked me if I ________ to the beach that summer.

Mum asked me if ________ my

homework.

3 Complete the reported questions. 'Is Leon married?'

She asked me ifLeoJ1 was maYYlcd /

I Are you tired?'

laskedher ___

2 'Do you want to go to a party?'

She asked him __

3 'Have you seen Mike?'

They asked us _

4 'Will it rain?'

He asked me _

'(an you swim?'

I asked him _

4 Read the speech bubbles and complete the text using reported speech.

I spoke to David on the phone this evening and guess what? He asked me to go out with him! First he asked me (1) if! Med. going to the cinema. Then he asked me (2) the latest Tom Cruise film. He asked me

(3) to the new cinema in the

shopping centre. And then - wait for it - he asked me (4) a boyfriend. I said 'no', of course. Then he said it! He asked me

(5) go out with him. I said 'yes', of

course .. I'm so happy!

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2 3 4

6 7 8

Error correction


She told methatshe doesn'twantto see him again.){ She toId",e that she didn't want to see him again.

1 We agreed finish the relationship. ){

Alex said that he hasn't met her before last night. ){

He told to me that he didn't want to see her again. ){

4 She asked him did he wanted to go to a party. ){

I asked her if she finishes the book. ){

6 My dad promised take me to the football match. ){

I asked her if she did gone to the party. ){

Translation


4

6 7

grammar check

d the text and circle the correct words.

Jane told me that she (1) ... want to go out with Uam any more. She said (2) ... him cheating on her with another girl. I asked her if she knew (3)

She said (4) ... She (5) .. that it was a girl from his drama society. She was really upset. She (6) . me if I had any friends in the drama society and I (7) ... her that I only knew one person. I said I was sure that it (8) ... you who was kissing her boyfriend. It wasn't you, Katy, was it?

'··""s
a)~ b) won't
a) she sees b) she had seen
a) who the girl was b) who was the girl
4 a) she does b) she did
a) explained me b) explained
6 a) had asked b) asked
a) told b) told to
8 a) hadn't been b) hadn't be 5 G:m Listen and check your answers.

Reading

Saint Volentine's Day

tme 6fin@er@f f0!!:lffH3 eor €lbout rhe sE?Gfet weddin@s, V€l.lent-ine was imprislDme@l Qf'lQ. finelly exe<wteG ®'A 14tl;1 ~ebrwory 2700 A9.

Read the text quickly and tick (,I') the things that are mentioned.

the Roman army D
Greece D
emperor D
4 chocolate D
5 love D
present D
priest D
8 execution D 2 Find words and phrases in the text that mean:

enormous v, _

made illegal 0' _

3 felt sorry

4 the night before 0' _

5", rhcts the st0'Y be~iAd l~e nOMe bur ",hOlt is the origifolQf.1iAe one lDil!ien <zeros thGlt. me semt- eveny l)'eer 011 x/'alent.ine's De:y';? AccordiAg to SOrAe );fer-sioms of fme stOt¥, while \1eie(.)tifiJe W@lS i(i) I?r.ison he cme€:! his jeiler's €IewSjhte, "I foliAemess ClAoi om rhe eve 01 his exeeMiGln, he Worofe !tis lost letter re mer <:lmIJ signed if' 'from ¥Qlt~r V@lef1ltiAe'.

3 C3ClI Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.

Why did the emperor need a lot of soldiers?

2 Why did the emperor think that single men were better soldiers?

Who was Valentine?

4 Why did the emperor imprison Valentine?

How many cards are sent every year on Valentine's Day?

6 Who was blind?

7 What did Valentine write in his letter?

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3

4 I have found a great new cafe.

o Read Anna's email andplanareply.Ma~e notes in the table below,

Hi! How are things? Did you enjoy the party last weeke~d? Who went? What was it like? Tell me about It!

I'm W~jting to ask you for some advice. Luke's behaVing really strangely. last night he Was late for o~r date. I asked him where he'd been and he said he was late because he'd had a lot of ho~ew~rk. But I think he was lying, I'm afraid he 5 seemg someone else. We've arranged to m~et to~orrow but I'm feeling confused. Do you think he s cheating on me? What should I do? Write soon,

Anna

Notes

Paragraph 1

9 AI"I5Wer Anna's questions.

Paragraph 2

e 'fell Anna not to worry and offer her advice.

o Add a P.5.

Paragraph 3

Write

a Write an email. Use the notes you made in exercise 2 to help y0U.

Check

o Check your writing. Check that Y0U have included all the. information. Check that you have used' contractions and that you have opened and closed your email correctly,

Dialogue builder

4 @'m listen and check your answers.

5 Paul wants to ask Sarah out. Write a dialogue using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.

Asking someone out

1 Complete the useful expressions with these words.

miss like atrai~

Paul greets Sarah and asks her how she is. Sarah answers.

Paul asks Sarah out that night. 4 Sarah refuses.

5 Paul suggests doing something else . 6 Sarah refuses.

Paul suggests meeting another time. Sarah agrees and says goodbye.

Paul (1) _

Sarah (2) _

Paul (3) _

Sarah (4) _

Paul (5) _

Sarah (6) _

Paul (7) _

Sarah (8) _

Do you want go out tonight?

I think I'll give it a _

Would you to meet tomorrow

instead?

4 I'd love to, but I'm I can't.

5 That's a _

6 another time?

2 GEEI Listen and check your answers.

3 James wants to ask Sarah out. Read the dialogue and circle the correct words.

James Hi, Sarah, how's (1) it I is going? Sarah Fine, thanks.

James Do you want (2) go I to go out for a burger with me tonight?

Sarah Oh, I don't know. I don't think (3) so I it.

I don't really like burgers.

James Well, (4) would I do you like to go to the

cinema (5) instead I instead of?

Sarah I think I'll give it a (6) miss I loss. James Well, if tonight's no good for you ... Sarah Sorry, James. I (7) won't I can't.

James Oh, OK. Maybe (8) other I another time? Sarah Yeah. Maybe. Bye.

James Bye.

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:h the indirect sentences with the speech Ires.

11II1 ••• iI~::!:~~~~~~ __ = ~~;.a::i'~d, that IIiMeiJ in the YS"'.

that I was Ii~ing in the USA.

3 I told them that I had live<J in the USA. 4 I said that I would live in the USA.

5 I told them that I was going 10 live in the USA.

6 I' said that I had to live in the USA.

I asked sue ; _~~ __ but she said she's got a boyfriend.

2 Do yeu get __ ~~_~well __ ~~~~ your mum and dad?

3 Shefinished' ~~_

4 with each

other for six months.

5 ,hey fell love at first sight,

6 I think Paul's cheating you!

Rep€lli'ting verbs

2 Match the beginnings of the sentences with tme;r endings.

They complained D

2 I promised D

We refused D

4 They invited D

The' robber admitted D

6 I explained that 0

a) that he had stolen the money.

b) to study more next term.

c) I had to leave early.

d) me to go with them. e'~ to leave our r:oom.

f) that the classroom was cold.

Reported speech

3 Rewrite the sentences, adding him or to him.

I said that I was tired.

2 I told it was too late"

3 We asked to come to the party,

4 She said that she would COme,

They told to stay.

a)

b)

c)

e)

d)

f)

Reported questions with if

5 Complete the reported questions. 'Are you a good student?'

She asked me __ ~~ ~

'DiG you pass your exams last yea,?'

She asked me _~_---'~~ -."._

'Do yow like studying?'

She asked me ~~_~ _::_~~~

4 '~o you want to stwdy at this school?'

She asked me =,_,,_~~~'---~ ~

'Do you live near here"?'

She asked me ~~~ __ _:_ __._~

6 'Can you get here by bus?'

She asked me,~~ __ ~~~~~,--- __

D D D D

o D

Circle the correct words, DQ you ever wonder. why there are so many celebrity couples? Last night I (1) asked to 1 was asking 1 asked gossip writer Sally Haigh from Fame magazine (2) why are so many I why so many 1 wliy de so many famous people get married to other famous people these days. She told me that this (3) wasn't.! hasn't been 1 hadn't been a new trend and that celebrity couples (4) had existed 1 are existing 1 existed to, centuries, But she (5) explained 1 explained me 1 explains that Brangelina style couples - couples who merge into a sj'filgie identity ~ are an invention of the press.u asked Sally if she (6) has thought 1 thinks 1 thought these couples (7) have 1 had 1 were having more chance ofsplittinq up than other couples, She said she (8) don't think 1 didn'tthinlO haven'tthouqht that was the case. She told me that when famous coupleslike Madonna and Guy Ritchie - (9) split up I have split up 1 did split up, we ,ead about it a,s it is happening. She explained that this makes us believe it's happening eve,y day, She told me that couples like the actors Tina Robbins and Susan Sarandon (10) are 1 have. been 1 had been toqether for-more than 20 Mears. But she explained that readers aren't interested in hapF'Y news. I asked her (11) what meant! what she meant I what did she mean and shetold Olile that her readers

(12) have-told her 1 have told.to her 1 told to her they prefer to read about divorces than weddings. I told Sally I (13) thought 1 think 1 am thinking that was rubbish, What do YOle) think?

2 ~ Listen te twe ~riends talking on the phene.

3 I!istem again and circle the: (;erreEt wards.

Tom rin05 Claire to ... aj as,k her out .. Michael ... Clai,e.

bJ tell Her a friend likes her.

aj wants to go out witli

b) wants to tin ish with

Michael is,toe;> ... to Rhome elai,e.

a) bwsy 1» angry

4 Michael lilas like€l (laire'for ...

a) more than.a year. T0m has .. ,,,mise€! ... aJ to tell Claire that

T""1\1 likes ne,.

6 T:om tj;1inksC:I"i,e ... a) likes Miecael.

7 Clai,e likes ...

a) Tom,

b) fole,ar.ly a ye"r.

c) ask her fniend ()ut.
c) wafilts tie meet
0) shy
c~ years, 'Claire and Michael.

to) ]0 arrange a Gate i;Je,tween c) to tell Michael that

Claire likes hi",.

10)' likes him (Tom).

b) Rarry.

c) doesn't like Micfuael.

c) Mid'ael.

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2 Complete the sentences using the adjectives from exercise 1.

Last year we went rafting. It was a bit danpu5 . Two people had accidents.

This hotel is really . The rooms are big and there is everything that you need.

2 It was a place. You couldn't hear

any traffic or other city noises.

3 There is a museum in Paris called

the Louvre.

4 The trip to London was really _

I haven't had a good time like that for ages.

I think that the Alcazar in Seville is one of the

most places in Spain.


Inside the mountain there was a~1 mystery cave.

1 The hotel had all modern comfortable I comforts.

It was an excite / exciting weekend. Paul really enjoyable I enjoys travelling.

4 They went to New York in search of fame I famous and fortune.

One of the dangers I dangerous of skiing is the risk of breaking a bone.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.

We stayed in a small rural hostel for the weekend. It

was very reiaxinJ . (relax)

There was a house on the hill.

(mystery)

2 That's an view! (incredible)

Rome is an city. (amaze)

4 The most place around here is

the local park. (peace)

I think that Asturias is the most _

part of Spain. (beauty)

Vocabulary 1

...

'.J Recycle Find eight places in a town in the

wordsquare.

~ 'fuea€1il €astle statue ruins eh1JlfCn

c X X S L N E H S K Y P
W S Vs K Y S C R A P E R
I T X E E R Q B C M Z E
Y A G A U J X N G X Q A
R T L H D B C A S T L E
L U C A T H E D R A L J
S E I T H K A A E L U C
F I 0 N P A L A C E W S
C X F A S T I Q N H J Y
Q D W B Q M P E N 0 R N
L E Y Y N 0 P N 0 Q Q I
J D M Z C K Q Q Y T G J Describing places

Change these nouns into adjectives using these suffixes.

fame famous
l
comfort
peace
danger
4 beauty
enjoy Grammar 1

used to

1 Complete the text using the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets.

British people (1) used to 1Dend (spend) their

holidays at the seaside. They (2) _

(not sunbathe) because it (3) _

(not be) fashionable to have a suntan. They

(4) (not go) abroad. They

(5) (go) to towns along the British

coastline. They (6) (travel) by train.

Brighton (7) (be) a popular

destination and in the summer the beaches were

full of rich people. They (8) _

(not wear) sunglasses but they (9) _

(wear) big sunhats.

2 Write questions for the underlined words using use to.

People used to wear sunhats. what did,oe~p!e use to wear?

1 They used to go to the beach every summer.

2 Children used to swim in the sea.

Women used to wear swimsuits.

4 They used to stay in expensive hotels.

They used to enjoy going on holiday.

Subject and object questions

3 Write questions for the underlined words with Who.

I saw James. James saw me.

Claire lived with me. 2 j lived with Claire.

3 Louis loved her.

4 She loved Louis.

Brian saw him. He saw Brian.

who saw me?

4 Read the text and write questions for the answers.

Great monuments that disappeared

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were built by the Babylonians in 600 Be. They were destroyed by earthquakes after the 2nd Century Be.

Lots of mosques were built in Spain by the Arabs between the 8th and 15th centuries. Many of them were destroyed during the Reconquest in the Middle Ages.

The East German communist regime constructed the Berlin Wall in 1961. It was knocked down in 1989.

The Twin Towers in New York were designed by a Japanese-American architect in the 1960s. They were attacked by terrorists in 2001.

Two huge Buddha statues in Afghanistan, built by Buddhist monks over 2000 years ago, were

destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. ~

,_.,,-

who buJt The Hanqinq Car dens 01 Babv!on?

The Babylonians. 1

Earthquakes.

2

The Arabs.

They were destroyed in the Reconquest during the Middle Ages.

4

The East German communist regime.

It was knocked down.

6

A Japanese-American architect.

7

The Twin Towers in New York.

8

Buddhist monks.

9

Two huge Buddha statues in Afghanistan.

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Grammar 2

Tense review

:h these words with their definitions.

Time expressions

Complete the questions with the correct form of do, have or be.

3 Rewrite the sentences with the most suitable word in brackets.

I go skiing. I hate it!

(never / at the moment / tomorrow) I never go skiiH!J.

Where _-,m'lbid.___ you go on holiday last year?

How often you usually go

swimming?

_____ you going to stay in a hotel? _____ you ever seen an elephant?

4 What you doing yesterday at

lunchtime?

1 I went to a really nice beach.

(next week 1 last week 1 tomorrow)

go on safari
i
see
2 hire
3 go
4 take
get
6 make
7 send
8 eat
9 buy I've seen a really great film! (just 1 while 1 now)

_____ you read the book before you watched the film?

6 Where your sister studying at the

moment?

How often she been abroad?

2

He's living with his aunt.

(since 1 often 1 at the moment)

4 I'm playing football.

(often 1 last week 1 tomorrow)


At the moment we visit /~the Taj Mahal.

1 We usually go 1 are going to Greece every summer.

While I was walking 1 walked to school I saw my friend.

They were waiting for the bus when suddenly it started 1 was starting to rain.

4 I lived 1 have lived in Germany since I was 11.

Have you finished 1 Did you finish it yet? Before he came to Britain, Pablo had 1 has lived in Italy and Greece.

'Have you got any plans for Saturday?' 'Yes,

I meet 1 I'm meeting my friends to go shopping:

8 Sometime this century everyone will travel I is going to travel in electric cars.

If it rains twill rain tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema instead of the beach.

10 If I could travel anywhere, I went/would go to China.

2 Complete the sentences using (allocations from exercise 1. Use the correct verb forms.

We visit our friends in France. (now 1 often 1 next week)

Don't forget to _~s~e~n~d __ me a postcard

4

from Prague and tell me about your trip!

1 Let's some for our

friends. Do you like this leather bag?

Peter some great of

the views from the hotel window.

We at the cafe. I had vanilla and

Rose had chocolate.

4 Match the questions with their answers.

1 Do you go on holiday every year? [f]
2 Where did you go last year? D
3 Are you going to have more than one D
holiday this year?
4 Have you ever been on holiday to D
another continent?
Are you planning your trip at the moment? D
6 What were you doing when I saw D
you yesterday? e-e= Interesting-places-that people

see when they-are on holiday.

4

_____ Iots of new at

6

summer camp. We're keeping in touch on Facebook.

I'm so pale! I want to go somewhere hot and

_____ a good _

7

I want to and cycle around the

island.

Last year we on to

Kenya. We saw elephants, giraffes and lots more.

a) Yes. I'm going to France at Easter and then I'm

going to Granada in August.

b) Yes, I'm looking at some holiday brochures.

c) We went to Italy; it was great.

d) I was going to the travel agent's.

e) Yes, I go to Greece every August.

f) No, I've never been outside Europe.

wild animals in their natural habitat.

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-ammer check

Lee

Hi, Vicky! You're back! Did you (1) ... a

4 5 6 7 8

good time?

Vicky Yeah, it (2) ... great. Argentina's amazing.

Lee (3) ... the tango while you were there?

Vicky If I said yes, (4) ... you believe me?

Lee No! I know you hate dancing! Who (5) ... with?

Vicky Steve. He (6) ... twice, so he was a great guide.

Lee And do you think (7) ... back again one

day?

Vicky Yes. In fact (8) ... my next trip now.

Lee Seriously? When are you (9) ... ?

Vicky In -a couple of years, but I (10) .. to save now!

1 a) having b)~
2 a) was b) has been
a) Did you dance b) Have you danced
4 a) will b) would
a) you went b) did you go
6 a) already went b) had already been
7 a) you are going b) you'll go
8 a) I'm planning b) I've planned
9 a) going go b) going to go
10 a) will start b) am starting 5 ~ Listen and check your answers.

Error correction


People use to travel by horse and cart. )( Peofle used to travel YJ horse am/cad

1 Did you used to have a dog? )(

2 I didn't used to live next door.)(

'Did he use to play football for Liverpool?' 'Yes, he used to.' )(

4 I just have finished my maths homework. )(

What do you do if you were president of your country? X

6 While I was watch a film on TV, the telephone rang. )(

He has visited New York in 2007.)(

Translation


4

6

I~

--

Reading

Find these words in the text and write the preposition that follows them.

refers
2 inherited
3 belongs
4 provide emergency aid
5 formed
6 focused
7 interact
8 designed 3 ~ Read and listen to the text. Answer the questions.

1 What does UNESCO stand for?

2 What are the two types of heritage?

3 Who does World Heritage belong to?

4 When did UNESCO produce their treaty?

5 What does the UNESCO emblem represent?

The organization

UNESCO's World Heritage

• To ensure the protection of aU natural and cultural heritage.

• To encourage countries to nominate sites to be included in "h e List

the World Heritage List.

• To provide emergency aid for World Heritage sites in dancer. II To involve the local population in preserving their heritage.

• To encourage international cooperation on conservation projects.

Heritage refers to everything that we have inherited from

our ancestors and everything that we win pass on to our descendents. Sometimes heritage is natural, like the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Sometimes it is man-made or cultural, like the Roman aqueduct in Segovia.

World Heritage belongs to everybody and it is our duty to make sure that aU cultural and natural heritage is identified, preserved and protected.

In 1972 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) produced an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

2 Find words in the text that mean:
people who lived before us
2 people who will live after us d
3 official agreement
4 to name n
equilibrium b The Mission

UNESCO's World Heritage has a mission that includes some of these objectives:

UNESCO's World Heritage was formed from two separate movements. The first focused on-the preservation of cultural sites and the second' on the protection of the natural world. Because the organization focuses on both, we are reminded of the -ways that people interact with the natural world and how important it!' is to protect andjJ"i'eS'ewe the balance between them.

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I have .seen Big Ben last ~ear.

2 I didn't have time enouqh to. do. my homework, They goes to Spain every summer.

4 She buyed a souvenir from the ~ift SCDp.

He is my best freind.

I learnt some german last year.

Plan

o Think about three trips that you have been on. Make notes in the table below.

Paragraph 1 0 a trip you went on when you were little:

INhere did you stay?

What WqS the weather like? Did yeti have a gOQdtime.?

Paragraph 2 0 a recent trip:

Where did you stay?

What was the weather like? Did YDU have a qood time?

Paragraph 3 0 a trip you are going on jn me future:

Write

e Write about your three trips. Use the notes yau made in exercise 2 to help you.

Check

o Check your writing. Check you have used the correct tenses and edited yaur work carefully.

Dialogue builder

Making requests: at the post office

Match the two parts of the mini dialogues.

Could I buy sorne first class stamps, please?

I'd like to. PDSt this parcel.

Could YDU tell me hDW much a stamp for France costs?

4 WDuid YDU mind filling in this form?

a) OK, where is it for?

b) Yes, hDW many do. YDU want?

c) Yes, fifty-six pence.

d) No. problem, Have YDU gDt a pen?

4 C?:m Listen and check your answers.

o

5 Sean is at the post office. Look at his list below and complete the dialogue using some of the useful expressions from exercise 1.


3 Lynne is at the post office. Order the words to complete Lynne's part of the dialogue.

Lynne (1) buy / please / a / could / stamp / Hello, / I?

Assistant Sure. FDr the UK?

Lynne (2) the / it's / USA / No., / for,

Assistant OK. Here you are.

Lynne (3) I'd / some / into. / US / to. / money / And / dollars, / please / like / change.

Thanks. _

Assistant No problem, HDW much money do you want to. change?

Lynne (4) Two. / pounds / hundred.

Assistant OK. That'll be £201.10 altoqether, please.

Thanks.

Lynne

Assistant Could YDU sign here for the dollars?

Lynne (5) envelope, / Could / the / in / an / you / put / please / money?

Assistant Yes, no problem. Here you are.

Lynne Thanks a lot.

Assistant Bye. Enjoy your holiday!

o o

~©st p8rcei - It81y

6 first -c18S;S; s;t8tYlPS; for the UK ch8nge £150 - suros

o

Sean (1) _

Assistant Sure. Is the parcel for the UK?

Sean (2) __

Assistant OK. Anything else?

Sean (3) _

Assistant No problem. How much money do you want to change?

Sean (4) _

Assistant OK. Anything else?

Sean (5) __

Assistant That'll be £157.16 altogether, please.

Sean Here you are.

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ct. alild object questions

11111.111 · questions for the underlined words

I------~---_:__:_::::::___::_=_---- -wt = Who.

"He robber stole the money.

rnyster
beauti
amaz
4 enjoy
5 peace
;; fam
7 excit The old lady saw trne robber,

The r"aber was running away,

4 The dog bit-the robber,

Tense review


He '" to school by bus every morning. a) is going b) go oJ goes

I." all my money tOg0 "" holiday to Mexico,

a) save up b) saving up c) am saving up

3 They". Junch at horne yesterday.

a) had b) have c) have had

4 He '" in the same house for 50 years,

a) lives b) has lived c) have lived

5 Before I came to Zaragoza, I ". to Spain three times.

a) had been b) have been c) was 6 Ho)IV ". people travel when there is no more oil?

a) will

b) are

e) is

Collocations: holiday activities

:z Complete the text with the correct :fo,m of these verbs,

We went on holiday to Athens last year,

We (1) all the si'gh~s - tm'e Parthenon

and the ruins, We (2),,~~~~~ hundreds of photos! We (3) some new ',iends

while we were there too. I (4) some

souvenirs and tS) some postcards, We

stayed there for two weeks and I (6) ~~ _

aR incredible suntan,

used to

3 W,ite affirmative and negathte sentences and questians with used to and use to.

II have I a dog ('1-)

We I live I in this cify (-)

If I were you, I ". to the doetor,

a) went b) go cJ 'd go

8 While I ,,, hmme, it started to snqw.

a) walked b) wal~in,,! c) was walKing

6 Complete the sentences with these expressions.

2 3

4 I've ~~come back from Afirica.

We have lunch at 1230,

Rave you finished reading that book

Gumulative grammar I.W.4 •• 84_ 1 Circle the correct words,

Alternative cultural tourism

There are many wonderful places in the world (1) to spend Ispend your holidays, Have you ever (2) think I thought of combining your holiday with a cultural experience?

Are you a Beatles fanatic? Liverpool (3) didn't use to I didn't used to be a popular holiday destination but tourism (4) has increased

/ increased a lot (5) since / for the Beatles Museum opened a few years ago,

Or what about visiting the place where they (6) made I making your favourite film? (7) Since I From Peter Jackson made The Lord of the Rings in 2001, tourism in New Zealand (8) has grown / grown dramatically. Travel companies predict that New Zealand (9) wiU benefit I is benefiting from tourism when filming begins on The Hobbit in 2010,

Even places filmed in the Oscar-winning film Siumdog Millionaire (10) visited / are visited by tourists who are keen to see the contrast of poverty and beauty for themselves. Although many people criticize this type of tourism, it's a fact that people want (11) visit I to visit the locations first-hand.

3 uisten again and ei«le the correct ~o,ils.
Josie ." to India,
a~ wants to go bj is going c) has been
2 Mark likes Japanese '"
aj food. b) people. 0) Grult~re,
3 Mark's !,arents were '" Alaska,
a) ""0rl<ing in IB) studyin!,) im 0) tiraxreJ.lin§ around
iI Ma,k was im Alaska ."
a) as a balily, Iil) before he was bern, ej fer six 11l1l0ntfils.
Josie Sr.;>€lilt ... in MOr0€€@.
a) a week 1iJ) twelve days €) two weeks
6 Josie wants to travel ... "'Men soe is older,
a~ all ave, the world b) around ~uro!,e c) to Asia
Mark .. ,
a) is mar.cie,j, 1;») thinks he will get married. 0) ~oesn't think pe'lJ get ",a"iee;!,
8 Josie ...
a) ~as drea",t about Mark, bj mas asked Mark cj Mas asked Mark to
go aut wil1M he" PDF

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History

PE

History Geography Science

Art

Social science Literature Geography

Word list 152-159

Irregular verbs 160

Grammar bank

EI present simple y el present continuous

present simple

Usamos el present simple

o para hablar de habitos y rutinas.

They go to school in Oxford. Van al colegio a Oxford.

o con adverbios de frecuencia.

They never use pesticides. Nunca usan pesticidas.

o para resumir una serie de hechos.

They travel to Taipur ... There they find an ethical [aetorv ... so they order a box of shirts. Viajan a Taipur, alli encuentran una fabrica de eornercio justo ... as! que encargan una caja de carnlsas.

o En la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) Ie aiiadimos una -s al verbo.

She goes to india once a month. Va a la India una vez al meso

o En la negativa y en la interrogativa usamos el auxiliar do.

Farmers don't employ you"g children in the organic village.

LQS aqricultores ne contratan a nirios pequefiosen la aldea eccloqica.

Does lie travel very often?

LViaja muy a menudo?

present continuous

o Usamos el present continuous para hablar de 10 que esta ocurriendo mientras hablarnos.

Here they're visiting a remote orqante village. Aqu! estan vrsltando una apartada aldea orqanica.

o EI present continuous se forma con el sujeto + el verba to be + un verba acabado en -ing. They are looking for a factory,

Estan buscando una fabrica.

o En las preguntas, el orden de las palabras es: verba to be+ sujeto + verbo acabado en -ing. Are they taking orders for the shirts?

LEstan anotando los pedidos de las carnisas?

o En las respuestas breves no repetimos el verba acabado en -ing.

Yes, they arc . ./ Ye8, they (;II e t6lki/'1g. X

los verbos de estado

o Con los verbas de estado como like, know, think, need, want, see 0 reel no solernos usar la forma continua porque esta describe acciones que estan ocurriendo y los verbos de estado no son verbos "de accion" realmente; son verbos relacionados con fa mente. los deseos, los sentidos, etc.

They see the darker side of the clothing industry. ./

Ven la cara oculta Ole la industria textil.

They 6#. e see.;,1f1 the d6f, ke. side @f-tlte d-ethi,1'g ~X

Las pronombres relativos

o Usamos los pronornbres relativos para dar informacion extra sabre personas, casas 0 lugares. Gracias al pronombre relativo unlrnos dos frases.

It refers to teenage girls. They like to look qlamorous.

Se refiere a las adolescentes. Les gusta parecer softsticadas.

It refers 10 teenage girls who like to look glamorous.

Se refiene a aquellas adolescentes a qulenes les gusta parecer sofistlcadas.

o Usamos who para personas, which para casas y where para I ugares.

Hoedies are young people who wear hooded sweatshirts.

Los hoodies (encapuchados) son aquellos jovenes que llevan sudaderas can capucha. 'Plastics' is a term which comes from the popular teen movie Mean Girls .

'Divinas' es una palabra que viene de la famosa pellcula de adolescentes Chicas Malas.

They Often go to festivals where the band plays five.

Suelen ir a festivales en los que el grupo toea en directo.

o Podemos usar that en vez de who 0 which.

Hoodies are young people that wear hooded sweatshirts.

'Plastics' is a term that comes from the popular teen movie Mean Girls.

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5 'omplete the sentences with who. which or

llliher.e.

I like clothes which are fast.ii€mable.

Alexanoer McO"een is an EAglish",an _

ilesigns ehothes,

My o,ot~er likes clubs they play rod"

6

Grammar bank

EI past simple y el past continuous

past simple

o Usamos el past simple para hablar d'" hechos pasados. Todas las personas se conjugan igual. t/voa/ne/Sne/tt/we/vou/Tne» made a quick decision.

o La negativa necesita didn't delante del verba.

They didn't land on the ru;"way. Na aterrizaron en la pista.

o En las preguntas pone mas did del ante del sujeta yen las respuestas breves no repetirnos el verbo principal.

Did he open the door? ,Abri6 la puerta? Yes, he did; ,/ Yes, I.e tiM "pen. X

past continuous

o Usamos el past continuous para describir acciones pas ad as en proceso de realizacion,

o Se forma can was/were + un verba aoabado en -inq.

[hey were flying very low. Estaban volando muy ba]o,

o I:n las preguntas, el orden de las palabras es:

Was / Were + sujeta + el verba acabada en -lnq. Were lPiey standing on the rescue raft? LEstaban de pie sobre lit balsa de rescate?

o En las respuestas breves no repetimos el verba acabado en -inq.

Yes, they were. ,/ Yes, the)' we."€ SU/:1G1.'I'IIJ. )(

o A rnenudo usamos el past simple y el past continuous en fa misma oraci6n para expresar que una accion breve (en past simple) ocurno en media de otra acclon mas larga (past continuous).

o Salemos colocar when delante del past simple y while delante del past continuous.

Plight 1/i49 was taking offfn:>m La Guardia ainpon when it hit a flock o[birds.

EI vuelo 1549 estaba despegan<llo del aeropueno <lie La Cuardia cuando ehoco can una bandada de pajaros,

While Flight 1549 was taking of( from LC( Guardia airport, it hit a flock of birds.

Cuando despegaba del aeropuerto de La GuarWa, el vuelo 1 54!lchaco con una bandada de pajaros,

La prnnunciacion del past simp,le

o La pronunclaclcn del past simple de los verbos regulares depende de como acabe el verba:

o Si acaba en consonante serda, la termlnaclon -ed se pronuncia /t/: look; .. looked

o Si el verba acaba en vocal 0 €onsonante sonora, la terminacion -ed se pronuncia /d/: fail .. [ailed

o Si el verbo acaba en -t 0 -d, la terminaci6n -ed se pranuncia /Id/; land .. landed

o Mira la llsta de verb os irregulares en la paq. 160.

EI. present perfect

o Usamos el present perfect para hablar de experiencias pasadas sin indicar el momento exacto en el que sucedieron.

o Se construye con el sujeto + has/have -1' el participle de pasado del verba.

o EI participle de pasado de los verbos regulares

es igual que su past simple. Todos acaban en -ed. played - played missed - missed

o En cambia, en los verbos irregulares el participio de pas ada es igual que el past simple en unos cases, pero diferente en otras.

brought - brotlght met - met

came - Gome saw - seen

o Para aprender el participio de pasado de los verbos lrrequlares consulta la lista de la pag.160.

o Para prequntar sabre experiencias pasadas salemos usar ever. En las respuestas breves no repetimas el verba principal.

Have yQtI ever been 10 a historical re-enactment?

i_Has estado alquna vez en una recreation fuist0r.iEa?

Yes, I have. / No, we haven't.

o Para haelar de experiencias que no hernos tenida ponemcs never entre el auxiliar have/has y el participio.

He's never felt so afraid. Nunca lila tenido tanto miedo.

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tRe "erb witl;; the ending that has a snt sound.

,ked hoped ~ washed i--:-~!l'l<~~~'I4:E'i'illl:::lll::E'im'l'!l!l'illitIT1l~===----'-""V11?n'tg.(l needed explained exploded arran§)€'G kissed Qrganizes survived asked lan€lei! visited waited

€Qwgheq G"'llapsed finis~ed m,anaged ffi watched crashed missed survived

4 (omplete the table with the correct form of the ve,bs.

past simple past participle

leamt
(2)
came
(4)
saw
(6)
lmtroduced
(8) q]0t'le
5 learnt

2 We about the Russian Re"olwtian at

sci, eel. (no'! learn)

The Gat my Wnrier! (eatl

II 1_. any at JK Rawling's books. ~not

read)

~01a ane Jaime the gr0wp. G0ini

6 you my brother. (not meet)

Y L"aia Imy text messa@e. (not answer)

8 1 sf.\opping. (go)

6

~ a c0Iif<1pe'titien?

~~~_~~~chess'?

4 ---~----.i a geast?

B . ~in a castle?

6 samething you don't wear?

7 snails?

8 tor the wron!'! ~xam?

Grammar bank

EI present perfect con for y since

o Usamas el present perfect can far para expresar cuanto dura una accion 0 situaci6n hasta el mamenta presente. Camo la acclon aun continua, en castellana pademas usar el presente.

I've been here for two weeks.

EstaV aqui desde hace dos semanas.

o Usamas el present perfect can since cuando mencionamos el mamenta en que ernpezo una situaci6n.

I've spent every summer here since I was 13. Paso / He pasada cad a verana aqui desde que tenia 13 aries.

o Can How long ... ? preguntamas cuanto tiernpo dura la acclcn 0 sltuaelon,

flow lony have you been in England? l_Desde cuando estas en Inglaterra?

How lony has vour teacher tauqht at t,his school?

J_Cuan:tJ0 haee que tu profesor da clase en este calegia?

just. yet y already

o Usamas just em oraciones afirmativas para hablar de acciones rnuv recientes.

o Se coloca entre el verba auxtttar have y el verba principal.

I've just spoken to mv parents on the phone. Acabo de hablar com mis padres par teleforro.

o Usamos yet para referirnos a un perledc de tiempo que lIega hasta el momenta presente.

o En oraclones negattl/as 10 usamos para decir que alga no ha o.currido aun, y en oraclones interrogativas, para preguntar si ha ocurrido va,

o Yet se coloca al final de las oraciones negatlvas e interrogativas.

The lesson hasn't finishea vet.

La clase no ha acabado ,,)davia. Have you done your homework vet? <Has heche va las debe res>

o Utilizamos already en afirmativa para hablar de alg.o que va hemos heche,

o Se coloca entre el verba au~illar y el verba principal,

I've alreadv been Ie London. Ya he estado en Londres.

EI present perfect y el past simple

o EI present perfect expresa situacianes €[ue empezaron en el pas ada V siguen en el presente, es decir, que el periodo de tiempo no ha acabada.

I've lived here all my life. He vivido aqui tad a la vida.

o EI past simple habla de acciones terminadas que acurrieran en un perioda de tiernpo ya acabada. Last weekend we went on a day trip to

London. ,/

EI fin de sernana pasada nos fuirnos un dia de viaje a Londres.

Last week:e<t161 v's '1G1"€ beeR Gf.I G/ dGlV trip te London,»

EI past perfect

I(you/hle/$hej had studied really ha'd.1
! '1,!We/They
...
III/\(ou/Met$liet Iiladn't b0U@ht the book, 1
It/We/l'ney
.
Had 11Y0U!h~!5he! used a eomf.H:lter I
itiweftl'ley before?
. .
Yes, I/you!he(she/ ha,t I
iljwe;ithey
I No, 11vou(he!shef harill'il''t.
it!we!tmey o usamos el past perfect para hablar de acetones que ocurrieron antes que otras en el pasado. La segundo. acci6n, que es I a mas reclente, va en past simple y la prlmera, que es mas antigua, va en past perfect,

(2" acclan)

Irma took the test a few days ago.

lnrna hizo el examen hace unos ouantos dlas. (I" aceion)

She hadn't used a computer before.

Nunca antes habia utilizado un ardenador.

o EI past perfect se forma ast: sujeto + had + verbo em participio de pasado.

Dada had studied very hart; to pass the test. Daria habia estudlado muchlstmo para aprobar el examen.

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5

6

J. Write questions using the past simple and the past. perfeot.

1

2

I haven't seem my mobile phone for I since yesterdayrnormil'lg.

4 Pablo hasn't been 90-karting for I since last summer.

Mercedes bas known lier &mglisM frleFlCl far 1 since a year.

2

3

4

3

Don't get off the train. We haven't arrived at OUf station.

4 Tick (ofl the sentences that are correct, (orrett ~he sentences that are, wrong.

1 My brother's g0ne to Engjl"nd last week.

My hrother- went to england!as/; week..

2 Did yow meet your "iend at ,me (Iub last night?

Kate hasn't come to see the film with t.:JS yesterday.

Grammar bank

will, be going to y. el present continuous como futuro

will

o Usamos will 0 won't + infinitivo sin to para hacer predicciones sobre 10 que creemos que orurrira 0 no en el futuro.

1'1/ have the chance to do some work experience. Tendre la oportunidad de adquirir alquna experiencia [aboral.

I won't be the only girl on the course. No sere la unlca chica en el curse.

o En la conversaci6n se usan las contracciones '/I en vez de will y won't en vez de will not.

o Se usa will 0 won't en todas las personas: no se Ie anade ninquna -s a la tercera persona del singular.

Me will take that exam. of Hara ese examen. He 'l/il!~ tGl.ke that B'(G/m. X

o NQ se usa do ni does en las frases neqativas.

They won't earn a lot of money. of 1'110 qanaran mucho dinero.

T'1ev Glefll't 'lljll CGW'1 G1 let ef m8rqcy. X

o En interrogativa, el orden es: Will/Won't + sujeto + infinitivo sin to. No se repite el infinitlvo sin to en las respu€stas breves.

Will the job be well-paid?

LEI trabajo estara bien paqado? Yes, it will. / No, it won't.

be going to

0, Utilizamos be going to para hablar de planes e intenciones futuras.

I'm going to be a plumber! ;Voy a ser fontanero!

o En negativa solo anadimos not al verba to be yen interrogativa ponemos to be delante del sujeto.

Alison isn't going to take A-Leyels.

Alison 1:10 va a hacer los exarnenes A-Levels.

o Are they going to lake a gap year?

LVar.1 a tornarse un ana sabatlco? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

el present continuous como futuro

o Usamos el present continuous para hablar de planes seguros fijados con antelacion para el futuro cercano. Se forma asi: sujeto + verba to be + verba acabado en -inq.

I'm starting alii apprenticeship next month. EI mes que viene empiezo un curso de formaci6n.

They aren't taking the exam in June.

No se examinal'l / van a examinarse en junio.

o En interrogativa el orden es: to be ~ sujeta -\- \,j~'(bC'. acabadc e.n -ing. En las resQue.stas breves solo se repite el verbo to be.

Is your friend doing the CGurse next summer? LTuamigo hace I va a hacer el curso el verano "que viene?

Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.

Gerundios e infinitivos

o Algunos verbos van seguidos de un gerundio (verbo en -inq que funciona como un nombre). I like swimming.

Me gusta nadar / la nataclon,

o Otros van seguidos de un infinitivo can to.

I need to sleep. Necesito, dormlr,

gerundios

o Cuando hablamos de cos as que nos gustan 0 nos desagradan el verbo de la oracion suele ir seguido de gerundio.

I enjoy playing the trumpet. Me gusta tocar la trompeta. I can't stand wearing a suit. No soporto Ilevar traje.

o Lo misrno pas a con otros verbos, como por ejernplo avoid. Cuando aprendas un verba nuevo, mira siempre en el diccion-ario con que forma se utiliza y an6talo.

I avoid singing at all costs!

iEvito can tar a tad a costa!

o Tarnblen se usa despues de las preposiciones.

I'm interested in studying photography. Me interesa estudiar fotografia.

infinitivos

o Algunos verbos siempre van seguidos de un infinitivo, como por ejemplo want, help 0 need. An6talos cuando te los encuentres.

I want to learn French.

Quiero apnender frances,

o Tamblen usamos el infinltivo detras de los adjetivos.

tt's difficult to commute to work every day. 1'5 dificll viajar cada dia para ir a trabajar.

o Adernas se utiliza para explicar la razon 0 el objetivo de hacer algo.

She took the job to make some money. Acepto el trabajo para ganar algo de dinero.

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Where ~--~~~~~-~~'=C'~In Las Vegas.

6 Where ~_=~~~~--,c.....,.....;;~~ __

3 Complete the predictiol1s with I (doll't) thinR and the future form of the verbs in brackets.

exams t!;lis year..

My parents ~~~ ~~the house.

Marta dinner tonight.

4 We a party.

~~--"_~_~~~ late again!

8 Comp'lete the questions wit" the .0"e<1; form of the verbs in brackets.

INlilat d@ MOW want ~ tl1is.ev¢ning? (eat)

2 Why is infil'liiGl!llt this rm"."ine? (use)

3 Why is your brother interested in _

Texas? lvisit)

4 When do yew praetise ._the violin?

(play)

What do you like at ,me weekend?

(010)

6 Where 010 ¥ou go _" __ a ticket? (buy)

Grammar bank

EI primer y el segundo eondicional

o EI primer condicional habla de situaciones posibles y de sus consecuencias; el segundo, de situaciones imaginarias y de sus consecuencias. Comparacion:

If the sea level continues to rise, many places will be in danger.

Si el nlvel del mar sigue subiendo, muchos lugares estaran en peligro. (EI nivel del mar esta subiendo. Es posible que siga subiendo.)

I{the Thames Barrier failed, it would be a real disaster.

Si la barrera del Tamesis fallara, seria un verdadero desastre. (La barrera del Tarnesis no ha fallado. Estamos imaginando que fallara.)

o EI primer condicional se forma asi: Ifc+- sujeta

+ present simple para expresar la situaci6n, y sujeto + 'It/won't + el infinitive sin to para indicar la consecuencia.

o EI segundo condicional se forma asi: If+ sujeto + past simple para la situaci6n, y sujeto + would/wouldn't + el infinitive sin to para la consecuencla.

primer condicional

o Podemos poner primero fa situaci6n 0 fa consecuencia, pero si fa situaci6n va prirnero ponemos una coma ysi es al reves, no.

If the sea level continues to rise, many places will be in danger.

Many places will be in danger if the sea level continues to rise.

o No se usa will ni would en la oracion que Ileva If.

If it continues to rain, the river will flood .. '/ Si sigue Iloviendo, el rio se desbordara.

,If it "lill ce"Jtinble te f6l{{q, t,'qe rhr.e.v will f/eed. X

If you saw the photos, you would think it was a disaster movie . ./

Si vieras las fotos, creerias que aquello era una pelfcula de catastrofas.

if }leu web/!-Gf see the 'f9hetes, yeb' v'/Gbild t'1hqk it '1"615 61 disaster f'l'revie. X

EI tercer eondieional

o EI tercer condicional habla de situacianes pasadas ya lmposfbles de cambiar y de sus consecuenctas imaginarias.

If I had known that the land used for cattle was destroying the rainforest, I would have become a vegetarian y.ears ago,

Si hubiera sabido que el terrene utilizado para la ganaderia estaba destruyenda la selva tropical, me habria hecho vegetariano hace anos,

o Se forma asi: If + sujeto + past perfect en la situacion, y sujeta + would have/wouldn't have + participio en fa consecuencia.

situacion

If I han read tne labels,

o Podemos poner primero fa situacion 0 fa consecuenc:ia. Si fa sltuacion va primero, ponemos una coma detras, pero si la consecuencia va primero, no.

If had known it was out of date, I wouldn't have bought the product.

I wouldn't have bought the product if I had known it was out of date.

No habria comprado el producto si hubiera sabido que estaba caducado.

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r.aim soon,

If the temperature of the oceans gets! will get hotter, some species of iisA won't I <Ion'! survive,

4 He will save I save a lot of money if he bwys I will buy a moue errerqy eiifieieAt car,

Polar bears don't I won't survive if the 11'01a, cap melts! will melt,

G If we don't! won't do anytliling about global warriTring soon, it is I will be too late to save the planet,

2 Complete the second conditional sentences witli the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

3 Match the beginnings of the, sentences with their

endings.

If Hie ice melts in the A«tic, [l]

loti Ana doesn't arrive SOGr.l, D

I> I finish ""Y flGmework early, 0

4 I. Pablo wen the ram, 0

If my dad gets the job, D

6 If you didn't eat so much fast food, '0

a~ weIll move 10 Barcelona.

b) many countries will have floods. cl he'd celebrate.

d) you'd feel better,

el 1"11 see you at the dub"

f) she'll miss the beginning of the film.

questions using the first 0' the second tional.

2

3

5

r:meat irn H.

Ir Carmen ~-lsee) a

~~_~~~~,(buy) it,

~------~,(nQt

_-:- ~fga) to

_____ ~ __ O,e) late for ____ ~_:;:_-- (not wake)

<I
you up,
S It we
map we
6 If you
you ~ __ ~~--'..~-- (look) at the =~_.__,c----~~ (n<>t !!let) lost, ______ ~~ (stwdy) hatclec,

'~= =s=v=e=> (pass) yeur exams,

6 CQmplefe the thjrd conditional sentences fa' each of these sltuations.

Grammar bank

La voz pasiva: afoirmativa y negativa

o Usamos la voz pas iva para destacar a la persona 0 cosa que recibe la acci6n €lei verbo y no a quien la realiza.

The project was completed by graffiN artists,

EI proyecto fue ftnalizado par artlstas del graftti.

o La usamos tambien cuando no sabemos quien realiza la acci6n.

The walls were painted white.

Las paredes se ptntaron de blanco.

o 5e utiliza mas ern el irrqles escrito que en el oral.

o Sue Ie ernplearse la pas iva para describir procesos.

First, the design was created in the studio, and then the walls were painted white. Afru that, 1,500 cans of spray paint were used.

Primero se tre6 e_l diseno en el.estudio y despues se pintaron las paredes de blanco.

A continuaci6n se usaron 1.500 aerosoles de pintura.

la pas iva: presente, pasado y futuro

o Ell presente, fa voz pas iva se forma asf: sujeto + is/are + participio de pasado.

The briqhtlv-coloured designs are painted on the walls.

Se pintan dibujos de vivos solores en las paredes.

o En pasado, la voz pasiva se forma asi: sujeto + was/were + participio de pasado,

They we're invited to spend a month at Kelburn Castle.

Fweron invitados a pasar un mes en e'l castllle de Kelbum,

o En futuro, la voz pas iva se forma asi: sujeto + will/won't + be + participio de pasado.

The Graffiti Project definitely won't be fergotten. Seguro que el provacto Gtafiti no sera olvidado.

de activa a pasiva

o Las frases envoz activa empiezan con el sujeto; es decir, con el autor de la accton.

Graffiti (lrtists paimed. the castle.

Llnos artistas del graftti pintaron el castillo. (Quienes destacan en la frase san "los aFtistas del grafiti".)

o En la voz pas iva, en cambio, las frases empiezan con el receptor de la acei6n. The castle was painted by graffiti artists.

EI castillo fue pintado por artistas del graftti. (Lo que destaca en la frase es "el castillo")

by

o En pas iv-a usarnos by para presentar a la persona a cosa que reallza la acclon.

The. artists were invited by Lord Glasgow,

Los artistas fueron i,;vitados por Lord Glasgow.

0' 5610 usamos by cuando es importante sefialar quien realiza la accion.

The design was created in the studio Iby artists),

EI disefie fue creado en el estudio (par unos artistas).

La voz pasiua: inteli'rogativa

o Igual que en la voz activa, en pas iva las preguntas tambien se forman carnbtando el orden de las palabras, Mira el siquiente cuadro

o las preguntas en voz pas iva con e"1 verba en presente se forman asi: Is/AYe + sujeto + participle de pasado.

o Las pr:eguntas en VQZ pas iva (on el verba en pasado se forman asl: Was/Were + sujeto + participio de pasado.

o Las preguntas en voz pas iva con el verba en futuro se forman asi: Will + sujeto +be + participio de pasado,

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Complete


'e the sentences in the passive. Use by only necessary,

'PIe won't use fossil fuels to heat homes in -----------'"TniP'e future,

Foss,1 lue!s won i be usedto heat homes in thr

I They make cars in this factory.

Cars in this factory.

iIihe Queen will open the new museum next year.

The mew museum by tloe

Oueen next year.

4 Thieves stole the sculpture last night.

The sculpture by thieves last

night.

We choose the best person for the job.

The best person for the job by

us.

6 Roger Federer didn't win the Wimbledon GhampiQnship Men's Final in 2008.

'lime Wimbledon Championship Men's Final

~~ by Roger Federe, in 2008.

7 The builders won't complete the project before next year.

The project ~_~ by the builders

before nex-t year.

2 Complete the sentences with the present simple passive or past simple passive form of the verbs in the box.

This sculpture by Picasso.

The best beaches in England in

Cornwall.

4 ne castle in the thirteenth century.

5 'lihese pm"'!"'s when we wene on

b0liday.

6 Thls desk in paint.

3 Write sentences using the future passive.

The money I put I in the bank

The money will be nut in the bank

2 The palntinqs I s~n I in the gallery I this Friday

3 The winner of the competition I announce I at the prize-giving day

4 The sculpture I exhibit I to the public I from May to October

"he award ceremony I see I on TV loy people allover the world

2 'Mig"el de Cervantes wrote DQn Quixote.

They painted the kitchen last weekend,

4 Someone left rubbish in the classroom yesterday.

§ Millions of people visit the castle every year.

6 Spain W0n the FIFA World Cup in 2006.

" They will build a new supermarket opposite my house,

5£al'irect the errors,

This dress was designing by Versace. X this cireSi was tlesignerlhy lliatue.

2 This bridqe was been made of iron. X

3 Five languages are spoke at the conference. X

11 The show will being held in the main square. X

The news article was writing by his friend. X

6 The sculpture is show at the castle. X

Salvador Dali.

When I it I complete?

IA 1931,

4 Who I the painting I own I by I now?

The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. 5 When I it I exhibit I in Spain?

I'm not sure - maybe next year.

Grammar bank

Verbos modales de obliqacion, prohibicicn y capacidad

obligadon y prohibidon (presente)

o Utilizamos must 0 have to para expresar obllqacion,

You must/have to spend five days in prison. Tienes que pasar cinco dfas en la carcel,

o Usamos don't have to cuando algo no es obligatorio (es decir, no hace falta hacerlo). Sometimes Alain is invited to do a stunt, so he doesn't always have to avoid the police.

A Alain se Ie invita a veces a participar en aceiones arriesgadas, asi que no siempre tiene que evitar ala policia.

o Cuando algo esta prohibido utilizamos mustn't.

No significa 10 mismo que don't have to. You mustn't use this lift.

No debes usar este ascensor. (prohibicion: qulza no funcione y sea peligroso.)

You don't have to use this lift.

No tienes que usar este ascensor. (no hace falta: hay otros 0 puedes subir por las escaleras.)

o Must es igual en todas las personas y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to.

You must wait here. v'

Debes esperar aqui,

Ye" must te Vi,,;t here. X

o Have to cambia a has to en la tercera persona del singular y en negativa e interrogativa necesita el auxiliar do.

. . ' . .
I/You!We/They have to/m ust I check. I
He/She/It has to/must
". . . . ' . .
I/You/We/They don't have to I pa.y. I
He/She/It doesn't have to
". . .
l/You/He/She/' mustn't I climb. I
It/We/Tliey capacidad (presente)

o Utilizamos can para expresar habilidad y capacidad.

Alain Robert can climb the world's tallest skyscrapers.

Alain Robert puede escalar los rascacielos mas altos del mundo.

He can't rest until he reaches the top.

No puede descansar hasta que lIega a la cima.

o Detras de can colocarnos el infinitive sin to.

He can climb buildings without ropes. ,/ Puede escalar edificios sin utilizar cuerdas. He 661" te €limb ",,,i/di,,@s withe"t repes. X

o Todas las personas se conjugan igual, no Ie anadlrnos -5 a la tercera persona.

She can speak several languages. ,/

Sabe hablar varias lenguas.

She cGlns speak se'/Gr~61! 1611'1§L'61§Gs. X

obligacion (pasado)

o En el pasado usamos had to y nunca must.

We had to tel/ the security guard. ,/

Tuvimos que decirselo al vigilante de seguridad. We ",,,sted tel,l tile seeurit)' ,1"".61. X

o En el pasado, para expresar que algo no era obligatorio usamos didn't have to.

He didn't have to go to prison - he had to pay a large fine.

No tuvo que ir ala carcel: s! tuvo que pagar una multa importante.

capacidad (pasado)

o En el pasado, para expresar capacidad empleamos could.

He could climb mountains without ropes. Podia escalar montaflas sin usar cuerdas. She couldn't swim when she was six.

A los seis aries no sabia nadar.

Verbos mod ales de deduccion y posibilidad

o Usamos must y can't para expresar deducci6n.

o Utilizamos must cuando estarnos seguros de algo porque el razonamiento resulta 16gico. Sandra has won the competition. She must be happy.

Sandra ha ganado la cornpeticion. Debe de estar contenta.

o Usamos can't cuando estamos seguros de que algo es imposible.

You're making a lot of mistakes. You can't be paying attention.

Te estas equivocando mucho, No puedes estar prestando atenci6n.

o Usamos may 0 might cuando creemos que algo es posible, pero no estamos seguros.

He finds it difficult to read and write. He might be dyslexic.

Le cuesta leer y escribir. Ouiza sea dislexico.

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a~ 8Me can run very fast. b~ We don't ~a"e to wear safety hats in here.

c) Children under si~ mustm't use tnise~uipment. Cf) You m~st be ~uiet.

il Camplete the sentences wIt" the affi'mative or. negative form of (jan. must or Rave to in tf.te ~resent"

gewhia -....£!lli..._ speak five languages.

2 We go to scfu001 torrrerrow, It's a

holiday.

You be quiet in tAe library.

4 This QO~ is very heavy. I ca,ry it,

)lou wear a seat belt'" cars in floe Vk.

Y0ur dad c0l1ect)!0U ~ro", the !larry.

We"11 take you homo,

Y Cats see better. than humans at night.

3

Circle the correct words·.

When I was seven, I can I~'ide a bike. My "'r0th~, didn't have tbtrotildn't hav" to tidy his room wl\en he was a child.

3 When we were children, we had tal had 9." to bed early.

11 When Rafael was younger, he couldn't p didn't have to fllay tennis. He's really good now. When we lived in France, we GOuld to! had to speak French.

§ I had to I didn't have to clitnb tbe ladder Because I'm scared·of meights.

pletEl tne sentences wit" (an I can't, covld I ~n't, had to I didn't have to and the verb~ in

2

3 4

6

6 €orreGt tlie errors.

She can be at school. I've Just seen her a.t tm,e

7 Camplet e tlie sentences with mllst, might or can't ancl a suitable "e,b.

She speaks

TmatEake is enormous,

Fie it all f.1jrtlselt.

4 O~, neighboms are always buying new tliings,

They ' a lot of money.

Why is she wearing a jtll1lflJi>er?

Shoe €Old.

6 There's someone at the doer. ! think if's Tom,

Ii! him. He told ",e he eouldn't come

today.

Grammar bank

EI estilo indirecto

o Cuando usamos el estilo indirecto, informamos de 10 que alguien ha dicho desde nuestro punta de vista y usamos un tiernpo verbal distinto del que utilize esa persona.

o Cuando usamos el estilo directo, repetimos las palabras exactas dichas por el hablante, y en la escritura las colocarnos entre cornlllas.

'We met on holiday in Benidorrn', he said.

"Nos conocimos de vacaciones en Benidorrn", dijo .1.

o No utilizamos las comillas en el estilo indirecto.

He said that they had met on holiday in Benidorm,

Dijo que se habian conocido de vacaciones en Benidorm.

o En el siguiente cuadro puedes ver c6mo cambian los tiempos verbales al pasar una frase de estilo directo a estilo indirecto.

o Algunos pronombres person ales, adjetivos (posesivos, demostrativos) y expresiones . temporales tarnbien cambian al pasar al estilo indirecto. Par ejemplo:

estilo directo estilo indirecto

.. lie/she
Y0U .. Ijhe/shejwe/,heY
we -+ they
me .. him/her
you .. me/him/her /.s/nhem
u s .. them
my ... nis/mer
your -+ my /liiis!he,/eu,!tfueir
our ... 01.1r;hAeir
thts -+ that
now .. taen
,oday -+ that ilay
tomorrow -+ the next (jay/lhe followiog day
vesterdev -+ the day before/the ~,evi0us oJay
last year .. the year lDef0re/the preMiol!ls vear
five years ago .. five year:s before
next week -+ the next week/the follQwing week o Despues de tell siernpre hay que poner un pronombre personal objeto.

He told me that he would come. Me dljo que vend ria.

o Si despues de say va un pronombre objeto, tiene que Ilevar to.

He said to me that he would ceme. Me dijo que vendria.

o A menudo ponernos that detras de say/tell + pronombre objeto

E. directo: 'Yeu have to stop seeing your friends: 'Tienes que dejar de ver a tus amigos."

E. indirecto: He said to me/told me that I had to stop seeing my friends.

Me dijo que tenia que dejar de ver a mis amigos.

Preguntas en estilo indirecto con if

o Utilizamos if para informar de las preguntas que tienen Yes 0 No como respuesta.

o EI orden de las palabras es el mismo que en las oraciones afirmativas.

o Los tiernpos verbales cambian igual que en afirmativa, pero nunca se utiliza that.

'Did you enjoy the party?'

"LTe 10 pasaste bien en la fiesta?"

He asked me if f had enjoyed the party.

Me prequnto si me 10 habia pasado bien en la fiesta.

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7 'I can't find my glasses', my mum said.

2 (Gmplete ~he table.

direct speech reported speech

tQda:y

3 Rewrite me reported speech sentences using direct speech.

1

4

4 Cirole tfle correct words.

The stumeet ~t tald ~o her that she didn't know the answer.

They said me f said to me that they wanted some help'.

3 Sine told me 1 told to me that she ham seen the film betese.

4 He told them / told that it was cold outside.

5 You said / said him that yaw couldn't (tome to the match.

6

te the questions using repa,ted speech.

'3

4

6

8

'I'll help Y"" with y<our hmnew0,R this eN'er:lir.1g', said mysister..

My sister ~---~,.--.'__.

4 '¥our music is awtul', said my father

My fatRer _----=_----_~

6

Grammar bank

used to

o Usamos used to + inftnitivo sin to para expresar estados y habltos del pasado, para hablar de las casas que hadamos en otro tiempo pero ya no. I used to eat a lot of sweets when I was a child. Yo comia / Solia comer muchos caramelos de nino.

o No usamos used to para hablar de acciones pasadas que s610 hicimos una vez: en estos casos se utiliza el past simple.

We went to Mal/orca on holidav last year . ./ ~uim0s a Mallarca de vacaciones el ano pasado. We blsed tao !if) ca M6f{fa, Eel 81'1 haliti6t'j last) ea •. X

o En interrogativa y negativa utilizamos use to.

I didn't use to like lentils when I was youngu. ,/ Cuando €Ca pequeria no me gustaban las lentejas, : 6Ii'6in't bised fa /iii.e lei1r.i/3 b\i ,'len,' ... 615 y af;j I1gc •• X

Preguntas de sujeto y objeto

o Las partfculas interrogativas pueden hacer de sujeto 0 de complernento del verba.

o Utilizamos do, does y did si la partioula interrogativa hace de complemento del verbo. Where did you go on holiday last year? ,Doede fuiste de vacaeiones el ana pasado?

o No us amos do, does 0 did si la partieula interrogativa es el sujeto de la prequnta, Who went on holiday with you last vear? My English friend went on helidav with us.

lQuh§n se fue de vacaciones co.n vosotros el ana pasado? Mi amigo lnqles,

Repaso de tiempos Ilerbales

first conditional

I'll I save enquqh mQt:le¥, I will g0 en b1QllCila¥.

second conditional

lfi you lefit early, what train w0wld Y,0r.1 c;atcm?

Expresinrres temporales

present simple

always usually 0ftetil sometimes ffiardly ever, nev.er

present continuous

now, at the moment

past simple

yesteraay, last week/rr.H:lntllfyear, a: week ago, at 3 OC!) r;>m

past continuous

last week, while

present perfect

for: slnce jl!lst yet a[r:eatly ever never

future

this evenim!ll, tOr.li@Iil1:, tl";)m0rrOW,mext weel{fmenth/ year.

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,ese guestioRS swliject €.\r oil,jec::t questions? 10 teaches yo~ CQglish? Sutyed

10 oi€! Y"u see at the !;)each? _

"'--r~Il1"'iW~s:<j'i'1iiIT;rn;crWT1!ii~;n7s'li:u;mm.iTs--T\JiiF wrote the Harry P"mer bQoks? _. _

WAo gave !me d"g TImat food? .

W"a, di .. your tat~ef wanH _

5

6

ye9r. me , S011'rle friends,

7 We e~ha\'Jste~ after We the

WlOl!J.r:ltaim.

7

aj N",the.y maan't.

el He went It" Glasgow.

e~ Yes, I love strawberries.

I>} lIies, fle is.

oJl No, she hasn't. f) No, me won't.

Vocabulary bank

Check the meaning of th«se words. Which ones can you use to descriile shoes and which to describe clothes? Which ones can you use to describe both?

smart suutty 10ng-sl~eved short-sleeved flat "igl<l-heeled

-- --- ---

Materials and patterns

Useful expressions

There's a problem with this / these ... _

What's the matter with it! them? _

It shrank in the wash. / It's got a ... / They're broken.

Vocabulary plus

Adjectives for clothes and shoes

2

Compound nouns: fashion accessories

Have you got the receipt? ~

12>0 you want to change it for another one? _

I'd like a refund, please. _

Did you pay by cash or card? ~

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omplete



and fiction

"~~~~ist.~~:::::::::::::::::::::::- __ ~est~l,~graPHY-------------------------

, I r -- -------

biography ~

comic ~-------------

fantasy --------------------~.

film script _

legend _

news report ------_--~~~

role play ~ _

science fictiom -

tenbook --~--~

say sorry ---------

saythankyou _

take· a photo _

take a risk ~

takecare -- __ --_~--

tell a lie ~~ ~ _

tell a story _

tell the truth ----------_-- __ --_

Useful expressions

I really like ... S0 do I. _

I don't really like... Neither do I. __ -e-c-e-c= __

I really enjoyed... So did I. _

I didn't really enjoy... Neither did I. ~~_

Vocabulary plus Emergency services

VDcabulary bank

Body language

frown ~~~~

gesticulate ~ _

Hold hands _

hug ~~ ___

kiss _

laugh ~~ _

nod _

shakehands _

shakeyourhead_-- ---------------

shrug your shoulders __ ------ _

smile -------

wink -----

Useful expressions

Could you introduce yourself? __

I'm sorry. Could you repeat that, please? _

Whereabouts in ... are YOH from? --~~-

Where are lIoU from exactly? ~ ~~ _

Vocabulary plus CommuniGating: verb + preposition

British and American English

British / American

amazing I awesome ___

chips I fries -----------

city centre I downtown ___

film I movie _

football! soccer ~~ ~

holiday I vacation _

lift! elevator _

shopping centre I mall ~ ---

taxi I cab ~ ___

underground I subway _

How long have you studied ... ? __

How long are you staying here in ... ? ---

Tell me a bit about ... ~~~~~~ ~~

Do you mean ... ? -------- __ ~~---

listen worry

Cheek tlie meaning of these verbs. Then match tliem witn tliie co .. e€t p,epasitiocs.

with ru0 allt"u{ for <It

:2 What are the people in the Jilletuces doing?

~. '

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ial qualities

IS ----

ed ucation __ ~ ~~ __ ~ ------

en@i neering ~ _

health and social care _

law them--e~d~ia----------------------~~---

the performing arts --~-- _

retai I ~ _

tourism ~ _

Useful expressions

(ould I speak to ... , please? ---

Speakinq, -:- ----

This is ... , from ... ~ ~ ---- __ ~

Vocabulary plus Places of werk

experienced --~

fit~----------------------~~---=

good sense of humour ---- _

mature ~----

outgoing _

punctual ~ ~ __ ~ ~ ___

reliable ------ ~ __

works well in a learn ~____'

Vocabulary bank

21st century issues

The environment: verbs 'and nouns

cI imate change __

cloning ~~~

flood ------ ----------~-.

fossil fuels --.- _

gas __

genetic engineering ~~

global warming ~_

GM (geneticall.y modlftede food ~~~

oi I ~ _

renewable energy _

solar power ~~ ~~

wind power ~~ __ ~ ~~~

verbs I nouns

damage/damage ------

demonstrate I demonstration -- -

destroy I destruetlon ~~ ~~~~

develop I devetoprnent _

improve I improvement __

pollute I pollution __

protect I protection __ ~ _

recycle I recycling ~~~~~_~

survive I survival ~_

waste I waste ---------------------

Useful expressions

Sorry. / I'm really sorry. ~~ __ ~~~~ __

lfuelbadnow! ~ __

Don't worry about it! __

It's OK. I don't mind. --------

It doesn't matter. _

It's ftne. ----~~-- __ ~~~~-- __

Areyousure?~ __ ~=- __ ~~~ ~

Vocabulary plus Polities

2

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Complete


s as adjectives: materials

li<!sliji;'E~=::::===========--bri:;n;i"als / adjectives

, / bronze ~_

qold / gold ~ _

lee / ice ---'--' _

sand / sand :_ _

silver / silver _

stone / stone ~--

wood / wooden -

wool/woolly _

Useful expressions

What do Y0U think of ... ? _

WliJat about this! these ... ? _

What don't you like about them? _

I quite like it !them. _

r can't make my mind up. ~

I'm not very keen on it! them. _

I guess you're right. ~

Vocabulary plus Art materials

Translate these words into your language. Which one would yau need for pottery?

ink clay sketc~ pad crayon watercolours

2 Which ames call you see in the picture?

Check the meaning of these words. Which are nouns and which are adjectives?

asthma allergy eczema Ray fever deaf tJli,,'" disaoles paralyzed diabetes autistic

Vocabulary bank

Fears and phobias

fears

being alone ~

confined spaces __ -'-- -'-_---

thedark _

flying _:::... __ 2.._ _

foreigners ~

germs ~

heights _

openspaces _

public speaking _

snakes _

spiders _

strangers _

Useful expressions

Can I ... tonight? _

Who are you going with? _

All ri"ht. but you have to be back by ... _

Vocabulary plus

Health problems and disabilities

2 Which words are the pictures related to?

The five senses

verb / noun

hear / hearing ~---

see / sight -'-- ~~ _

smell / smell ~_---

taste / taste ,.-~_

reel/touch _

phobias

agoraphobia ~~

arachnophobia _

claustrophobia ~~ _

vertigo ~~~~~_

xenophobia ---~

Can't I stay out later? ---'-_

Well. let's say ...• OK? ~_

Oh, just one more thing ... --~

You'd better ask ... _

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ting V€TIDS

fancy someome ~~~~~~~~~~_ fimisA wi~b sameane ~~~~~~"+"-~~_ fili.ct with someone ~~~,,_~~"""'~~~ get am With someone ~~~~~~,,_~ qe out wlth Someone ~~~~~~~~~ rnaYe an argument with s0me0me.~~~~~~ miss someone -~-~~~-~=7"c~:;-

Useful expressions

How's it 9"ing? _~~~~~~ __ ~~ Ptrte, thanks. _~~~~~~~~~~~ mo you want to !'IO out toniqht? _~~~__;-'_

Vocabulary plus DesGrililing people

agree 7"~~~ __ ~_~~~~~ __ announce ;--'=~'-.,-~_~~~~~_~~ ~k~~_~~ __ ~~~~~~~~

complaim _~~~~~_~~~"'-_~ explain __ ~~~~~~_~~~_~

invite ~~_~~~~ ~~~~ _

offer_~~ ~~~~~~~~_

proli11ise.~~~_~_""",~~ __ ~~~

refuse __ ~~_~~~_~~ ~

tell ~ __ ~~~--:-~---'--~~~~~-'"

warn_~~~~_~ ~_--:-~~~

1 irranslate these words into yo~r language. In your opinion. wlilkh ones are positi"e and which are ne_9ative?

2 ltVhi.h ones woulll you use to des.,ilJe the people in the picture?

Vocabulary bank

Describing places

Collocations: hQliel"ay activities

amazing ~ ~~~"""

beautiful"~ __ =e=a ~

comfort"ble __ ---,-- ~~----~~

Eiamg.er0us ~~~ _

enjoyable ~~~ ~_

excitimg ---"'"' ~~~_..=~~

.famous __ ~ __ ---_:::_---- __ ---- __ ~

incredililie ~~~~~~ ~

mysterious _~~"""'~~ __ ~ __ ~ _

peaceful ~~~ ~ _

relaxing =~~ ~~~~~~~

wonderful ~--~~------C"'~~~~~",

bu¥ souvenirs _~ __ --:-~ __ -'--- __ ---, __ ~~

eat ar:l ire Grearn ~~~=~~~~~ _

get a surttan --:-~ __ ~~~-'-'~~

90 qn safari ~ __ '__ -"-~~

go snorkelllnq _.__ ~~~~-'._

hire a btke ,---- --~~~

make friends ~ __ ~~~~ __ ~ _

see the signts ~~~~_~ _

senG postcards ~~ __ ~_~~~~ __

take pm"'t0s _~ __ ~ ~=~~

Ceuld I ... , please7 ~~~:_=_~~

I'd like to .... ~=~~~--~~--j'_:c~~~

Could yeu ... ? ---,- ---=~~~

W<lulcl yOI!lJ min" -l' illlg ... 7 -,:- _

Vocabulary plus Architeoture

1

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Views onfasbion

o 'Fashions fade, style is eternal.' Yves 'Saint Laurent

o 'The difference between style aNtl fashion is quality.' Giorg-io Armani

o 'Fashions have done more than revolutions.' Victor Hugo

o 'I don't design clothes, 1 design dreams.' Ralph Lauren

o 'Fashion is what you adopt when you don't know who you are.' Ouentin Crisp

o 'Clothes make Hie man. Naked people have little or no influence on society.' Mark Twain

o "There is a brand of fashion models who weigh no more than an abridqed dictionary.' Dave Barry

o 'Every generation laughs at the old fashions. but follows religiously tile New.'

o Lots of cheap fashion items on sale in shops have been manufactured usinq child labour.

o The ~verage American Woman spends $12,000 '- $"15;000 a year ON hair and beauty; products.

o Many shops offer 'fast fashion' wita clothes that are fashionable but Not designed to last.

o Zara, the Spanish retarl chain, spends

Web quest

Children used to wear the same clothes as adults. Do you know how long the children's fashion industry has existed?

Find out! Go to www.health.learninginfo.org/ fu n- fash i on-facts. htm

Test your memory!

o What is the difference between style and fashion, according to Giorgio Armani?

o How much does the average American woman spend on hair and beauty products?

o How much does Zara spend on advertising?

Should fashion be an important part of our lives? What do you think?

Culture today ...

Warwick Castle is one of the

best places in EnglaNd to really experience history. The 'l,nOO-yearold castle has survived. through the centuries and understanding what life in the castle was like at different times in the past is now easy, Actors dressed in historical costumes reenact the daily life and historical events that took place there. There

is tile opportunity to experience- a medieval battlefield and see real medieval war machinery. You can even watch brave knig,J;its competing in battles for the love of a beautiful princess. You can join a medieval banquet ill the Great Hall and experience the true flavours of the medieval kitchen,

visits to places of historical interest have been part of in Britain for years, but a lot of sites are now offering

educational sessions- to schools. These sessions

to the school curriculum and increase students' understandinq' of history. Students can participate in activities as preparing food for a i 6th century meal, spending the with a medleval kniqht or even spendillg a day at a typical 19th century school. Educational experts believe that students respond better to this 'hands-on' approach to studying history and that they will be more motivated to learn if they ean experience history for themselves.

Web quest Do you know what other ways can you experience historical re-enactments in the UK? Find out! Go to www.historic-uk.comlHistoryUKl LivingHistory/index.htm

Test your memory!

o What three things can you experience at Warwick Castle?

o How can students participate in historical re-enactments?

Should historical re-enactments be a compulsory part of education? What do you think?



People should be able to come and go wherever they want, without having to

shaw a passport.

I disagree. You have to have border controls. Otherwise, how do you stop smuggling, uncontrolled immigration

and arms and drugs trafficking?

~---".

European Union

Economic borders

Some areas of the world have agreements to allow the free movement of people from one country

to another. EU workers can live and work in any country in the European Union. More than a million Polish ]De6p18 live in-the UK and a similar number of British people live in Spain. But if you are European and you want 1:0 work in the USA, you need a visa.

If you want to live and work there permanently, you need a special visa called a 'green card'. The US government requires all immigrants to have this special visa.

Some borders exist to protect local economies. For example, bananas from South America are taxed more in Europe tlian bananas from the Canary Islands; Africa

and the Caribbean. As a result, bananas, from South Americaare less competitive in European markets. There.are taxes like this on all sorts of products. When people bring products into a country illegally without paying taxes, they are called 'smugglers'.

Test your memory!

o How many Polish people live and work in the UK?

o What is a 'green card'?

o What is the name for a person who brings something into a country illegally without paying tax?

Web quest

Do you know what information is stored in the chip of a biometric passport?

Find out! Go to www.ips.gov.uk/passport/aboutbiometric-chip.asp

Should national borders exist? What do you think?

I

I think a gap year is a good idea.

When you leave school you have no idea about real life and you don't make the most of your time at university. A gap helps to prepare you.

I disagree. It's much better to start university straight away. If you take a year off you forget how to write essays and it is difficult to go back to studying again.

A great gap year

Students taking a break from their studies spend their gap year in different ways. Some work, some travel and others combine the two.

South America

After doing her A-levels, Lynne Morgan saved up some money by working for six months. Then she got a place working at Camp America for a year. She had such a good time that she decided not to return to go to university. Instead she travelled to South America, working for an NGO in Mexico and then Guatemala. Today, Lynne is married to another voluntary worker and is living in Venezuela. 'I haven't had a university education, but I have no reqrets.'

Jeremy Holden took agap year before going to Bristol Universityto study Music and French.

'I wanted a break from studying. I went to France and got a job on a camp site, Then, when the. season ended, I stayed on and worked in a bakery. I stayed in France for 14 months. When I started university my French was almost perfect! I'd also made lots of friends and felt more prepared for university life:

Web quest Do you know what kinds of jobs you can do on a gap year?

Find out! Go to www.gapwork.com/employment. shtml

Test your memory!

o How many UK students take a gap year?

o Where did Lynne travel after school?

o How long did Jeremy stay in France?

Should everyone take a gap year before starting university? What do you think?

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I think the freegan movement is great. Supermarkets waste a lot of teod so i~'s good to see

somebody, using it!

It is often. said that we live in a consumer

society wliler,e most People think that the more material objects tJ:xey have, the happier they

will be. However, while some people are buyin.g excessively beyond. their needs, others don't have enough money to buy even the most basic thiNgs they need. Excessive consumerism is using up the Earth's resources and as Gandhi said: 'There is enough on Earth for everybody's need, but not-for everyone's greed.'

Test your memory!

o Where do freegans look for free goods?

o Freegan's take food from rubbish bins. Why is it in the bins?

Should supermarkets give away the food they don't sell? What do you think?

I disagree. Freegans are risking their lives eating out-of-date food.

They empty bins all over the floor and leave a mess.

Freegans believe that too many things in our consumer society are just thrownaway when tliey can. still be used and this includes things which are produced for almost immediate consumption, like food. So freegans take thinqs out of rubbish bins and use them.

The main thing that freegans look for is food! Most of the food that.freeqans find is past the sell-by dale or the paCkaging is damaged, But it is perfectly edillie.

As well as linding food, they also find dDiriks, books, DVDs, CDs, clothes, toys ... just aeout everything. They say that the best places to find things are in the bins outside big shops, offices, schools and hotels and that the goods are clean and in a near perfect CONdition. Freeqans say they help reduce !,ollution because they recycle tllings and stop them

A

Do you know about the cycle of production and consumption of goods?

Find out! Go to www.storyofstuff.com

Web quest

I.J

Some graffiti is considered to be an art form, but it is sometimes considered to be ugly and offensive. When put on private property without permission, graffiti is a form of vandalism and those responsible can be prosecuted.

I disagree. You shouldn't paint graffiti in public places. If you want to see art you can go te a gallery. Graffiti shouldn't be allowed - it's a form of vandalism_. _"" .... _iI

Street art - or crime?

Recently a group of artists irom South London were sent to prison for two years. Their crime was damaging public property. However, as they began their prison sentences, aNew York gallery was displaying their work as 'art.'

There is some confusion about the deftnition

of graffiti. Tlie Tate Modem, one of the most prestigious art galleries in the world, receritly commissioned a group of street artists to cover its walls with graffiti. Lots of artists use public spaces to express themselves, Perhaps the most famous street artist is Banksy. His work appears OR waifs all over the world, and his book is OR sale in the Tate Modem bookshop. A lot of people would agree with American street artist Elura Emerald, who thinks that 'artists who paint on the street are merely expressing themselves, not hurting anyone' and should not be punished.

However, other people do not see graffiti as an art form. The judge who sent the London artists to prison described their two years of painting trains

and train stations around Britain asa 'campaign to damage property on. an industrial scale.' He admitted that the artists were talented, but he pointed out that their work was 'sprayed all over other people's property without their consent.' Some- cities have made a compromise, invitiHg street artists to paint in certain areas. @tner cities have put up boards for artists to use. But, for the

Test your memory!

o What was the artists' crime?

o Who is the most well-known street artist?

o What compromises have been made for

street artists?

Web quest

Do you know about Banksy and his street art? Find out! Go to www.banksy.co.uk

Is graffiti street art or vandalism? What do you think?

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Cinemas for blind and deaf people

EXJ]erieN0ing; an exciting action film at a cinema with a large screen and quadraphonic sound is very different from watching a END at l):ome. Now, new dimtaj tecfulolQgy makes it possible for deaf and blind people to enjoy the experience of going to the cinema too.

Subtitles are often used for foreign'l~age films, but subtitles can also be used for dialogues so deaf people can watch any film they want.

Additional soundtracks can be added to films which give a description of the action taking place on screen. This isavailable for blind people who havenrdividua] headphones so

that the commentary does not disturb the other people in the audience. Blind people listen to the dialogues like everybody else but a description

World War II plane is flying over the desert. The camera Z00ms in on the pilot's face.

Using subtitles in cinemas for deaf people or audio description for blind peOple seem such simple solutions that it is surprisinq that all cinemas do not automatically provide them.

BOlt not everybodll likes seeing subtitles On the screen and the technoleqy is expens-ive to iNstall - aroOl"'L£8,Q00. Very few cinemas offer these services at the moment, but some people believe that the Disability Discrimination Act Sh01'W force all cinemas to provide these facilities.

Test your memory!

o What facility can be added for deaf people at cinemas?

o What is on the extra audio recordings for blind people?

o How much does the digital technology cost to install?

Web quest U

Do you know which films people with hearing

and sight problems can watch in the UK?

Find out! Go to www_yourlocalcinema.com

Should all cinemas provide facilities for blind and deaf people? What do you think?

Friendship

o 'A friend in need is a friend indeed.' Proverh

o 'What is a friend? A single soul in two bodies.' Aristotle

o 'Whenever a friend sueceeds, a little something in me dies.' Gore Vidal

o ' ... no man is useless while he has a friend.' Robert Louis Stevenson

o 'Love is blind, friendship closes its eyes.' Chinese proverb

o '1 don't trust him. We're friends.' Bertolt Brecht

o 'If a man does not make new acquaintance as he advances through life, he wilt soon find himself left alone. A man, Sir, should keep his friendship in constant repair.' Samuel Johnson

o 'One loyal friend is worth ten thousand relatives. P Euripides

o 'Walking with a friend' in the dark is better than walking alone in the light. '¥lelen Keller

o 'Be slow in choosihg your friends: slower in chanqinq.' Benjamin Franklin

Test your memory!

Web quest

Do you know how many true online friends the avergage person has?

Find out! Go to www.telegraph.co.uklnews/ uknewsI1562754/How-many-Facebook-friendsdo-you-have.html

o According to a Chinese proverb, what does friendship do?

o According to Euripides, how many relatives are equal to one friend?

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Low-cost flights have made air travel accessible to almost everyone. This is good news for the consumer, but not for the environment. The increase in flights has caused an increase in the emissions of CO, - a gas which contributes to global warming.

because they cause a lot of damage ttl '. the environment. The more people fly, the more damage is caused.

I disagree. Everybody has the rigHt to fly .. Without low-cost airlines only rich people could visit other .countrtee.

tow-cost air travel - How long will it last?

Before 1993, when the first low-cost airline operator started, travelling by plane was an expensive business. But nowadays it is sometimes cheaper to fly from one city to another than to take the train. By cutting costs - no food, no newspaper, no luggage allowance

. -low-cost airlines have been able to offer fares that ahnost everyone can afford. However, there is a negative side to low-cost air travel. CO, emissions ITOIll aeroplanes have doubled since low-cost flights began, a worrying increase given the world'S enviromneRtal problems. If you fly from London to Paris, you produce ten times more CO, than if you go by traln. Tile low-cost airline operators point out that they are greener than traditiohal airline operators because their planes are more medem, and they argue that aviation technology is g.etting cleaner

all the time. ....-'-..,..~.

However, the future of low-cost air travel is uncertain, Governments have started to charge more taxes fm claeap flights, the price and availability of aviatien fuel is unstable, and airline operators' Will soon have to pay a charge for their CO, emissions. All these costs will Be passed on to the consumer. The days of cheap air travel may soon Be a thing of the Fast.

Test your memory!

o When did low-cost air travel begin?

o How much more CO2 is produced by flying from London to Paris instead of going by train?

o Will airline operators be able to keep their prices low in the future?

Do you know which low-cost airline companies fly from your nearest airport?

Find out! Go to www.low-cost-airline-guide.com

Web quest

u

Should low-cost airlines be discouraged? What do you think?

Fashion through the ages

Aristocratic men wore wigs in Britain from the 17th century until the end of the 18th century, but the most extravagant wigs were fashionable by about 1665.

After the First World War, women's fashion changed enormously. During the 1920s dresses got shorter and women showed off their legs. The curves of previous decades were replaced by straight dresses with no

curves at all. _

From the 1860s, the shape of women's bodies was exaggerated with tight corsets. The skirts were very wide which made it

difficult for women to sit down. _

....... -

-"

Men wore tights with a doublet - a style of short trousers. They also wore a cloak and generally carried a sword in Elizabethan

England. _

When England had a civil war, the Puritans insisted on very plain clothes. No colour, no

decoration, no frills. _

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Fashion or politics?

:3

Chinese pigtail

From about the 17th century

when China was ruled by the Qing dy~asty> Chinese men had long hair ~hlC~ they wore in one long plait or

pigtail down their back. At that time, men had to wear their hair in this style ,or risk execution. The fashion of wearmg a long pigtail with a shaved forehead continued and the pigtail became a symbol of traditional Chinese values. During the 1911 f:volution, men Who cut off their pIgtails and showed their bare neck ~:re ,con,sidered revolutionaries and

plgtrul gradually disappeared.

In China, from as early as the lOth century, the size of a woman's feet was a sign of her beauty. People thought that if the feet were smaller, the girl was more beautiful and she would find a husband more easily, Mothers wrapped their daughters' feet with very tight cloths from a very early

age so that the feet could not grow to

their natural size. The mothers hoped they would achieve the ideal size of ecm, which was called the Golden l.irtlls..

Originally, only the richest girls bOO. to go through this painful process, but by the 17th century foot biruling eeas cummon practice in all sections of society. During the 1:Offi ceffinry> some people began campaigningfoF~enrl.offoot hlnding and in 1911 itwasfinallyballiloo..~it"''aSnotuntil1949 when the new Communist ~.:::£:E.e-iI:rte power that the prohibition on foot bh 't" .::: ~ EiliiHred.

1 Why dill Cl\inese women _to have small feet? 2 What was the perfect sill! fur women's feet?

Wl\en did foot binding end?

4 Wliiat hiaRpened if men dimI"t __ pigtails Qu.ifilg the Qimg clynas~? 5 What was tfue pigtail a symbol of? .,

6 W~at cilid people tliink of men wboort off their pigtairs iF! 191 H t

Emergency first aid

1

2

Someone is making a cup of coffee and tltey pour boiling water over their hand.

A sharp speck of dust goes into someone's eye.

Someone is stung by an insect and stops breathing.

Use a tight bandage 0[ a olean cloth to stop the bleeding. Ask the injured person to lie down and elevate the arm.

Pour lots of dean water into and over the eye until the spec is removed.

Hit the person on the back or put your arms around the person from behind and pull up firmly.

Pick up the tooth and wash it in water or milk; do not use disinfectant. Push the tooth back into its place and hold in position.

Try to get the person breathing again by performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation,

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

3 Read the guide Ii Res and answer the g~estians.

What should ¥<iJY do whe~ you fi'st see someone I~in~ motienless en the grownd? 2 What is the ABC [~ed{list?

Step 1 ,

Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

If you see someone lying motionless on the ground, you should decide if this is an emergency and call for help.

o Check for danqerbefora approaching a person lying on the ground.

o Find out if they are conscious by gently shaking their shoulders and speaking to them.

o If there is no response, shout for help and phone an emergency phone number.

Step 2 "

Lie the person en their back and go through the ABC checklist.

A Cheek Airway: Is anything blocking the person's mouth or nose? Open their airway by putting one hand' on their forehead and gently pushing their head back; lift the chin with two fingers.

B Check Bre<lthing: Look for movement in the chest. feel for breath with your cheek, listen for sounds of breathing for ten seconds.

C Check Circulation: Gan you feel a pulse? Does the person look blue in the face?

Place your hands in the middle of their chest and push down on the chest 30 times. You need to push the chest down by about 4-5 cm at a rate of 100 per minute.

After 30 compressions, open the person's mouth by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Pinch their nose, put your mouth over theirs and blow for one second. Repeat twice letting the air go into the lungs and then escape.

Emigration and immigration

Mat.h the warcls and pllrases witli tlleir definitions.

asylur.m.seeker

3 dis!,>laced !,>ecs"m

4 immigrant

are im aam§Jer

Emigration from Ireland

2

starvation landowners

potato disease

The potato famine At the beginning of the 19th century, Ireland was part of the United Kingdom and was one of the poorest regions in Europe, The land was controlled by a few (1) __ __ with enormous estates and peasant families rented small areas of land where they cultivated vegetables at a subsistence level. Many people emigrated to look for a better life for themselves and to escape from

(2) . By the 18405, Irish peasants had

corrre to rely on just one vegetable, the

m , for food, The potato is rich in

nutrients and people can remain healthy on a diet almost exdusively of potatoes, When ,a

(4) caused by (5) destroyed

th" potato crop in 1845, millions of peopl~ had nothing to eat. It was a disaster and conditions were made worse by the policies of the British government which ruled Ireland at that time. The crisis continued through the 18405 and over a

million people died from (6) or disease.

Frorp a population of about S million, over

1 'milli0n [,e@ple emigrated to North America.

3

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West Indian immigration to Britain

There are over 20 islands in the West Indies. Before independence, several of them like Jamaica and Barbados, were British colonies. People from those countries were all British citizens and had the right to live and work in Britain if they wanted to.

Between 1948 and 1970 nearly half a million people left

the West Indies and went to live in Britain. The British government encouraged immigrants to move because Britain didn't have enough workers especially for the hospitals and for the transport system. However, immigrants left for many different reasons. Some wanted better opportunities for their children, some had fought in the Second World War and had lived in Britain before, and some wanted to save money and then return to the Caribbean.

P.r.imary Sector

Match tlje names of the job sectors with the servlees they provide.

a) Providing services: retail, tourism, e€l~cafien, health, backin§, trans~0;;t,

malmtenance, entertainment, the media and law.

b) Obtaining raw materials from nature: farmin!'j, rninimg, forestry and fishing.

c) P.:racessitag r.aw materials: mafll!Jfattu~ing, constructlon and textile industries.

ill Intellectu.al serviees: Researchin!,! and (je~eleping new ideas, oo"'l"ytimg anil cr.

Secondary Sector

Tertiary Sector

2 Match these jobs te the sectors: primary (1), secenHary (2), tertiary !3), Of quatemar~ (iI').

miner pelitician sAi~builde,

Changing economies

builder

.actory worker teacher

tnaimdriver fisherman llbraetan

doctor far:liliIer enqineer

3 Read the te/!t. Are the sentences true or false?

Sheffield is a small town. T IF

2 l'Mere is coal in the area around Sfieffield. i]T 1 F 3 Sheffield is famous ficr mak,img iron. "1 F

SHEfFIElO·S '"DUSTRIAl PAST

Sheffield is a lorge city in South Yorkshire with a population of about 0.5 million people. The wealth of naturol resources in the area meant that the city developed as these resources were exploited. So primary and selOndmy sectors have always been important to the economy of the city and even in medieval times, it was important as a centre for the metaltrode. Sheffield became especially important during the industrial revolution when hundreds of fadories and furnaces were built making use of the local materials of coal, iron ore, and water.

When the process for making steel was invented in the 1750s, Sheffield became the most important centre of steel produdion

in Britain and by the middle of the 19th century, Sheffield was the world's biggest producer of steel.

The unpleasant aspects of the industrial revolution were also part of Sheffield's history. Steel production meant long working hours in dangerous, unpleasant conditions and Sheffield quickly became one of the main centres for trade union organization and action.

In the 1860s, factories were attacked and factory owners murdered by desperate workers and the government tried to control the power of the unions. Even as late as the 1930s, George Orwell wrote a description of grim living conditions in Sheffield: 'It has a population of half a million and it contains fewer decent buildings than the average ... village of five hundred:

By the 1970s, the ceul-mininq industry was in decline and the 1980s saw the decline of the metal trades as steel was produced more

cheaply in other ports of the world. Fewer people were employed as the process for making steel hernme ,more automated.

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4

answer the questions.

1 What is the population of Sheffield'? 2 Which sectors of the economy wer-e

traditiomall¥ most important to the city? 3 \Alhen was Sheffield the most i",porn;ant producer of steel in theworld?

4 Were trade unions important in the his1l0ry of the city?

IN;,en did the eoal ind~stry dedine? 6 Whe~ did steel making clecline?

SHEffiELD TODAY

Todoy, Sheffield loees 0 chollenge to lind new sources 01 employment. The Europeon Union has recognized Sheffield us 0 'Iess-Iovoured-region' in need of investment ond development.

Now it is the fostest growing British city oport from london ond investment is trying to generote on urbon rencissonce to reploee troditionol monuloduring jobs with jobs in serviee

5 Read about Sheffield today. Are the sentences sectors.

true or; false? Sheffield is surrounded by beoutiful countryside (]nd tourism

Sheffield has been designated an EU 'less- is onother possible oreo 01 expansion. The University of

favoured-reqion'. T I F Sheffield was lounded in 1905 and helped to investigote

2 Most jobs im Sheffield are in the secondary and advonces in metal production. Today the 40,000 students

tertiary sectors. T I F who cttend the city's two universities also help to develop the

There is very little green space around retoil, entertainment, housing and cotering industries.

Sheffield. T IF l __ -----.:...----.-------

There are 20,000 st~aents at the cniver.ities. T IF

Gravity and its effects on the tides

The Earth orbits the Sun approximately every 365 days and the Moon orbits the Earth approximately every 27 days. It is gravity which keeps the Earth and Moon in their orbits, but gravity is also what affects the tides.

Although the Sun's gravity is much stronger than the gravitational force of the Moon, in fact, it is the Moon which has the greater effect on the Earth's tides because it is nearer to the Earth. But both the Sun and Moon affect the tides.

Water in the oceans on Earth is 'pulled' into different tide patterns by gravity.

When the gravity of the Moon and Sun are on the same axis, there will be high tides (diograms 1 and 3). When the Moon and Sun are perpendicular, the tides are very low [dicqrcrn 2).

Anolysls of ocean movements and tides is very complex because oceans vary in depth and shape and every coastline around the world is unique. This means that some places have two tides a day and some only one, while other places have no visible tide at all.

When bad weather and storms combine with high tides, flooding often takes place.

3

2 3 II What cembination R1ight ,esul. in 'lo"Qing?

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One of the world's greatest scientists

o He was also famous

for his bad temper and eccentricities in later life, but he made many other important contributions to science before his

death in 1727.

o Newton is famous as the man who realized that gravity was at work when he was hit on the head by an apple falling from a tree. This story may be a legend, but in 1687 he published 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) which showed that gravity is a universal force.

o His interests were very wide and from the mid 1660s he studied not only mathematics, but also physics and astronomy. He studied the composition of light and colours and he developed a powerful telescope to study the stars.

® Sir Isaac Newton was on~ of the greatest scie?tists

of all time. He was born in 1643 and he studied at Cambridge University, where he later became professor of mathematics.

Newton's three laws of motion

5 Match.the senten~e halves t@ ma~.e Newton's Laws.

a) there is an equal and opposite reaction

1 Newton's first law

An object in a state ofuniformmotiol1

2 Newton's second law Force=

b) remains in motion unless acted on by an external force.

3 Newton's third law

For every action

c) mass x acceleration

*Rorce is measured it:! a unit called newton, named after Sir Isaac newtet»

Styles in architecture

Doric

2 Ionic

o This style developed in Greece and was used widely in 4008C. At the top of the column there is always a pair of curled volutes. The Erechtheum on the Acropolis is an example.

® This is the most elegant and elaborate style from Ancient Greece. It has the narrowest columns and the top is carved to look like the pointed leaves of the acanthus plant.

2

3 Corinthian

4 Tuscan

5 Composite __

This order was developed in Ancient Rome. It has heavy, plain columns with no decoration.

The plainest and simplest of the classical orders. It originated in Greece in 500BC. The Parthenon has these columns.

This style comes from Rome and as its name suggests, it mixes the Ionic and Corinthian styles.

4 _

Arches are shapes which support openings in walls. A force at the top of an arch is spread across the sides of an arch and down to the base. If you rotate an arch 360 degrees it is a dome!

A flat arch may have a very slight curve. It is made from wedge-shaped stones.

ROl~an arches are semi-circular and were first used by Roman engmeers. This style was used again in the Romanesque style (meaning descended from Rome) in Medieval Europe from about the 10th century.

Gothic arches are tall and pointed and are one of the

typical characteristics of Gothic architecture. This style was prevalent from approximately the 12th -Ioth centuries and the tall, pointed arches made it possible for cathedrals to have enormous windows.

Moorish arches are also called Horseshoe arches because of the.ir shape. The curve is often more than a semi-circle and is typical of Islamic architecture.

~CJH[JE§

n

~~ He[ L~

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Express yourself

Look at the windows, what style of arches are used?

2 Look at the arch over the

3

4

MatGh the sentences with the correct information

Working for the blind or partially sighted

The marne of the organization which works in tAe interest of blind people in Britain.

2 J~e number of people register,ee as blind or partially siqhted in Br,itain.

[me' number of working guide dogs in BTitain. 4 The cost of life1;ime SillWwort for a guide dog

incl~ding training, mealth care and food,

S Tlie age tlilat !lillide dogs begin their training. 6 TI'me wa,kin9 li~e of an averaqe guide Bog.

7 1roe name of the la'gest of9anizati01il which

trains guide dogs for the blind.

8 Tlie c,"st of a g~ide Q0g to its new owner.

Braille

a) About 4,600

b) ,he Royal National Institute

for the BlinQ (~NIB)

c) Ab';wt £35,000 EI) 50 pence

e) 6-8 weeks old

f) 6-7 years

g; !l.pp'Q~imately 1.0,000 I"eople

1'1) The @uide Oogs for the Blind Association

Louis Braille was born near Paris in 1809 with perfect sight, but when he was four years old he had an accident which made him blind. He was intelligent and although he came from a poor family, a wealthy neighbour paid for him

to attend one of the first schools for the blind, the Royal Institute for Blind Youth. At school he learnt to read by touch, but the method was difficult to use and it could take months to read one book.

In 1821, a captain from Napoleon's army visited the school and demonstrated a system of 'night writing' which soldiers used for passing messages in silence and in the dark.

louis realized that a similar system could be developed for blind people and he started to work on his own version.

louis was still only 15 years old when he developed a coded reading system which worked effectively, now known as braille.

It used a code of six raised dots to represent the alphabet in the space of a fingertip. louis spent the rest of his life teaching the system to students

at the school and translated --------

many books into braille. He suffered from poor health and tuberculosis and died at the age of 43.

In 1952 the French government gave him a hero's burial in the Pantheon in Paris and the importance of his contribution is recognized worldwide.

3 Rewriite the insorreot 5enteRces from exercise 2 50 they: are trtJe.

1 Louis Braille was DIi~d:fr:e:m:-:b~irt:h: .. ~T;I;P;---------------~1'Il1I!~~~~~~"!I!''''· 2 L0Uis Braille <arne feo"" a wealthy family. T 1 f 3 Night w,itiQg was use .. by tl'Japele0n's soldiers" T 1 F 4 Braille uses a code of 8 raised dots to ,epresen! the alpfuabet. 1'1 F 5 teuis Braille spent his adult life teachinq his s¥stelil1 tQ other blind o~partially siglited people. 'f 1 F 6 The ",encrn go~ernmemt gave touis Braille a hero's bnrial wnem he dieGo II F.

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4 Read about talking books and ."mplete the teJ<t with the words bel"w.

MP3 files compact disc vinyl records

cassette tapes digital

With the development of audio recording facilities, audio books were developed for the blind and partially sighted. In 1932, the American Foundation for the Blind first developed talking books and by 1935 audio books were sent free of charge to some blind adults in the USA. The first recordings

were on (1) and were available for

schools and libraries until the 1970s.

When audio cassettes became available in the late 1960s, more recordings were delivered on (2) -:-~c-c~=and audio books became very popular through the 1970s and 1980s with portable cassette players.

(3) technology for sound reproduction was introduced when the (4) was first patented in 1970. CDs didn't become widely used until the 1990s, but when they did, the CD player made audio books really easy to use. Now with efficient internet connections,

audio books can be downloaded to computers as (5) ~~~~~_

The RNIB in Britain runs a Talking Book Service which offers over 16,000 audio books delivered on disc to homes for an annual subscription fee. This service uses the Digital Accessible Information System (Daisy) technology which makes it very easy for listeners to skip pages or chapters.

Listening Books, an audio book charity based in Britain, started in 1959. It provides an audio book service through the internet or via the postal service to anyone who has an illness or disability which makes it difficult or impossible to read a book on paper.

5 Read the text again and answer the questions, 1 Wlien Nid the fiest talkin@ books al'1pear?

2 What format were talking books in the past and what f"r",at are tfuey mlOw?

3 Is t"e RNIB Talking Book service free for users? 4 Wliat is the name of tme charity whiclii star·ted in 1959 and offers audio books?

1 Read the infarmation about a ferm "f p"etry. the sonnet. and fircle the correct information. 1 Sonnets always have sixteen I fourteen lines.

A Shakespearean sonnet divides into the folrowililg grau",s 0' lines:

a group of eight lines, an octave. a group of four lines, a quatrain, a group of two lines, a couplet.

a group of eight lines, an octave, a group of six lines, a sestet.

2 Read one "I Snakespeare's sonnets and mateh the sections "f the poem with mOcler:n meanir:lgs.

1_c_ 2 __ 3 __ 11 __ 5~_ 0 __ , __

Shakespeare's Sonnet. 116

® Which alters when it alteration fnds, . Or bends with the remover to remove:

0, no! it is an twerjixeci mark,

o

® Love alters n~t with his brief hours al:Jd meeks, But bears it out even to the edge 0t:i::. .. om ... _. __

o If Mis be error. (Juri "'pen me proved,

a) Love will not change with hours or weeks, but will be constant until the end of time.

b) If everything I say here is proved wrong, then I never wrote a line of poetry in my life and no man has ever loved.

c) I believe that two people who are made for each other, should not be prevented from being together.

d) and in this way it is like a star which sailors use to navigate.

e) Nothing can change love even when the person who is loved changes or their attitude changes.

f) No, love is a fixed point which even violent storms can't move,

g) Love doesn't obey the laws of time even though physical beauty will be affected by time.

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Read about spakespeare ana answer the l'Iuestions. 1 VIlAat is celebrated om 2~rGl Ap"il~

2 What was the name 0. SAakes~eare's t~eat,e? ~ How man~ sonnets a", there in t0tal1

~ Were all tlile sonnets written to a man?

We don't know exactly when Shakespeare was born, but 23rd April is generally celebrated as his birthday (and the day he died). He was born into a wealthy family in around 1564 in Stratford-upon-Aeon and when he was 18 years old he married Anne Hathaway. Some time after this, he travelled to London where he became very successful in the theatre as an actor and writer. He had his own company of actors who performed at the Globe Theatre. We know very little about his personal life, but we do have copies of the 36 plays and the many poems which he wrote.

Shakespeare started writing the sonnets in 1593 and there are 154 sonnets in total. There have been many theories about who the sonnets were written for, but no-one knows for sure. Sonnets 1-126 were all written to a man, so these sonnets are known as the 'fair youth' sonnets, and sonnets 127-152 were all written to a woman, the 'dark lady'. There are many themes in the sonnets, with love, beauty, time and politics often being the subject of the verses.

Natural wonders of the world

1 Matcl\ the words with t"e pictures.

Underground wonders (limestone caves)

2 Read tile text and answer the questions.

'I Wl'ly <an water erode limestorne? .'

WAat formations are 'time result of erosien In limest0ne?

2

The underground rivers con erode the rock to form enormous cave systems with lorge underground lakes and with tunnels sometimes hundreds of kilometres long. The formation of coves means that impressive stalactites, stalagmites and pillars often form.

limestone and chemical erosion

Limestone is a hard, grey, sedimentary rock which formed millions of years ago in areas where there ~s~d to be. tropical seas. Small animals or plants. containing calcium carbonate ((0(031 lived in those tropical seas and when they died, their remains accumulated into layers o~ .

calcium carbonate. With pressure and heat over millions of

years, limestone rocks began to form.

Water enters crocks in the limestone rock and gradually erodes the crocks until they become very large. When rivers reach on area of limestone, they often disappear because the water travels along tunnels which have 1::\

become so large that the river tlOvels underground. ~""a,,---- __

3

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How stalactites and stalagmites form

oVery often the place on the cove floor where the drop 01 woter lands is where a twin sfrurfura begins 10 grow up.

little by hnle 0 hollow slol"lite grows downwards us woter drips out 01 fhemveceilingdeposiling culciumcarbonate.

( Sfojagrnites form when mldum carbonate is deposited on the cove floor and the deposit grows upwards and sometimes even joins the stalactite obove, lorming 0 pillar.

Limestone is not very soluble in wafer, hut when rainwater moves through calcium carbonate, it dissolves carbon dioxide and minerals from the limestone like this: H,O+CO,+(oCO,=(o(HCO,h

Limestone is carried in water IlS calcium bicorbonate (0 (HC03h and it movesthroughcr"ksinthe rock.

e When the woter travelling through the rock renrhes 0 cove, some 01 the midum bicarbonate transforms bock info calcium carbonate. It comes out 01 solution ond is deposited onthe roololthe cove.

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