1. What is the meaning of education? Explain the aims of education.

Has education been successful

in achieving these aims in present time? Justify your answer.
- Etymologically, the word "education" is derived from the Latin ēducātiō ("A breeding, a
bringing up, a rearing") from ēducō ("I educate, I train") which is related to
the homonym ēdūcō ("I lead forth, I take out; I raise up, I erect") from ē- ("from, out of")
and dūcō ("I lead, I conduct").
- Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition
of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods
include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education
frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate
themselves.[1] Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that
has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational.
The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
The aims of education are enumerated as follows:

Intellectual Achievement: To provide students with academic knowledge and skills in order to
prepare them for post-secondary education or the workforce. This has been the most agreed upon
aim of education. Most parents want their children to reach high standards in math, English,
history, and science.

Prosocial Values: To train students for responsible citizenship and prepare them for adulthood
through socializing them in the norms and values of society. Teachers, who symbolize authority
to the child, emphasize the values of a democratic society, such as patriotism, obedience, honesty,
cooperation, competitiveness, and moral responsibility.

Economic Competitiveness (social efficiency): To provide students with skills and knowledge

needed to be competitive in a global economy; become an effective and efficient work force; and
prepare workers with values and socialization needed in the workplace through developing
attitudes such as punctuality, cooperation, and following rules.

Personal Growth: To help students find self-fulfillment, personal relevance, clarification of

personal values, communication and self-expression skills, and development of effective learning
styles. Student interests and feelings are emphasized. The curriculum is created collaboratively
between teachers and students to help students reach their potential.

Socialization and Culture: To impart culture to students through great ideas of western culture,
such as works of art, literary classics, and basic skills so that they are literate and cultured citizens
and can participate intelligently in American society. Schools are places where students from
diverse language and cultural backgrounds learn English and learn about American traditions,
holidays, historical figures, geography, and democracy.

Social Change: To help students become productive citizens that are capable of changing the
social order through emphasis on social issues and solving of social problems. Students are
provided with the knowledge and skills to improve society and are given opportunities to see
themselves as both individuals and contributing to the group and the larger society. They are
encouraged to participate in community service or service learning, so that they become reflective
and responsive about the needs and problems in their community. A purpose of education is to
advance social mobility, rather than perpetuate the status quo.
 Equal Educational Opportunity: To ensure that all students have a free education, common
curriculum, opportunities for diverse students to attend the same school, and equality of financial
expenditure in a given locality. There is clear evidence that certain groups in American society
are denied equal opportunity economically, socially, and educationally. It is essential that all
children, regardless of race, ethnic background, gender, religion, socioeconomic level, or
language, receive a quality education. A balance between diversity and unity is needed in schools.

Problem Solving: To teach students how to learn through the development of thinking, research,
and study skills so that they become excellent problem solvers and creative thinkers who are
capable of dealing with change. The rapidity of change today, technological advances, and the
explosion of information require that students develop tools for lifelong learning.

- Yes, it has been successful in achieving these aims in the present time because the education
system is called a system for it is being systematic by all means through the planning of the
various departments in charge of implementing the education system in the country.

2. Prove that advanced philosophy could harness transformation in our educational setting.

- The philosophy of education examines the goals, forms, methods, and meaning of education.

The term is used to describe both fundamental philosophical analysis of these themes and the
description or analysis of particular pedagogical approaches. Considerations of how the
profession relates to broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts may be included. The
philosophy of education thus overlaps with the field of education and applied philosophy. For
example, philosophers of education study what constitutes upbringing and education, the
values and norms revealed through upbringing and educational practices, the limits and
legitimization of education as an academic discipline, and the relation between educational
theory and practice.
- It can help students and teachers as well as teacher educators to analyze, reflect upon and
improve their teaching practice from a philosophical point of view. It challenges students and
teachers to incorporate both theory as well as practice of philosophy in their classroom
teaching.

3. What do you mean by values and ideals? Relate them with knowledge.
- A society’s values and ideals inform the principles, or directives on how a person should act
or behave, that the society operates under. These principles, often informal and unwritten,
dictate appropriate behavior by members of the society. One classic example, the Golden
Rule (“do unto others as you would have them do unto you”) advises people to treat others in
the way that they would want to be treated. This principle, or advice to a person on how to
act, is based upon virtues such as kindness and fairness and ideals such as universal respect
and equality.
- Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as
facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education
by perceiving, discovering, or learning.
- Values and ideals of a person depends on the amount of knowledge the person has. The act of
kindness and fairness in every situation depends on how much he knows the situation or how
much he understands the society he is under.
4. What are the concepts of idealism and pragmatism? What are their fundamental principle?
Differentiate them on the basis of their aims of education and methods of teaching.
- In philosophy, Idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or
reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise
immaterial. 
- Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or
proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in
the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected.
- Their fundamental principle is that humans are constructed with knowledge and is living with
ideas and principles as we know it and is common amongst us.
- The idealism’s aim of education mostly focuses on intellectual achievement as it is more on
academic knowledge and skills relating to mental construction of the human being while on
the other hand, the pragmatism’s aim of education mostly focuses on social change as it is
more on seeing the results/outcome and thus, believing that if the knowledge given to
students changed them then the system works.

5. Explain: “Reason might be an epistemological basis of education”

- Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
Epistemology is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of
belief.
- Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying
facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on
new or existing information.
- Given the meaning above, reasoning cannot be established without the application of logic
and connection with the gathered information either existing or new ones thus, reasoning
might be connected with epistemology which is the study of knowledge and can be used for
the basis of education.