Gen

Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet
School of Life Sciences

Department of Genetics
Syllabus for B. Sc. Honours Degree, Session 2008-2012
The B. Sc. Honours courses in Genetics shall comprise the courses on Genetics, Biophysics, Chemistry,
Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering, Statistics, English and Economics .The
course is spread over four academic years in eight semesters. Each year is divided into two semesters. Final
examinations are held at the end of each semester and also there are in-course examinations. A student must have to
complete successfully at least 160 credit hours of courses to obtain the B.Sc. Honours degree. (A student, if he/she
is not a clearing graduate, has to register for at least 12 credits minimum and 30 credits maximum in a semester). A
student has to complete at least 36 credits hours in a year.
There will be marks for class participation, assignments and mid-semester examination and final examination for
which the distribution of marks is as follows:
Class participation : 10%

Assignment and mid-semester examination : 20%
Final examination : 70%
The grading system consists of Letter Grading Point Average (GPA), Letter Grade; corresponding Grade Point will
be awarded as follows:
Numerical Grade Letter Grade Grade Point

80% and above A+ 4.00
75% to less than 80% A 3.75
70% to less than 75% A- 3.50
65% to less than 70% B+ 3.25
60% to less than 65% B 3.00
55% to less than 60% B- 2.75
50% to less than 55% C+ 2.50
45% to less than 50% C 2.25
40% to less than 45% C- 2.00
Less than 40% F 0.00
Absence from the final examination will be considered incomplete. The distribution of courses for respective
academic years and semesters is given below along with the detail of the courses.
First Year Semester I

Course No. Course Title Hours/Week Credits
Theory + Lab
GEN 121 Introduction to Genetics 3+0 3.0
GEN 123 Cytology 3+0 3.0
GEN 124 Cytology Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 125 Basic Biology 3+0 3.0
GEN 126 Basic Biology Lab. 0+2 1.0
CHE 101G General Chemistry 3+0 3.0
CHE 102G General Chemistry Lab. 0+3 1.5
ENG 101 English Language-I 2+0 2.0
ENG 102 English Language-I Lab. 0+2 1.0
Total 14 + 9 = 23 18.5
First Year Semester II
Theory + Lab
GEN 127 Basic Biochemistry 3+0 3.0
GEN 128 Basic Biochemistry Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 129 Fundamentals of Molecular Biology  3+0 3.0
GEN 131 Physiology of Living Organism 3+0 3.0
GEN 132 Physiology of Living Organism Lab. 0+2 1.0
ENG 103 English Language-II 2+0 2.0
ENG 104 English Language-II Lab. 0+2 1.0
CSE 101S Introduction to Computer Application 2+0 2.0
CSE 102S Introduction to Computer Application Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 134 Field Work 0+4 1.0
GEN 100 General Viva Voce 0+2 1.0
Total 13 + 14 = 27 19
Second Year Semester I

Theory + Lab
GEN 221 Molecular Genetics 3+0 3.0
GEN 222 Molecular Genetics Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 223 Introduction to Microbiology 3+0 3.0
GEN 224 Introduction to Microbiology Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 225 Cytogenetics 3+0 3.0
GEN 226 Cytogenetics Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 227 Enzymes and Bioenergetics 4+0 4.0
GEN 228 Enzymes and Bioenergetics Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 229 Biostatistics 3+0 3.0
GEN 230 Biostatistics Lab. 0+2 1.0
PHY 215 Biophysics 2+0 2.0
Total 18 + 10 = 28 23
Second Year Semester II

Theory + Lab
GEN 231 Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation 4+0 4.0
GEN 233 Microbial Genetics 3+0 3.0
GEN 234 Microbial Genetics Lab. 0+ 2 1.0
GEN 235 Concepts of Biotechnology 3+0 3.0
GEN 237 Plant physiology 3+0 3.0
CSE 203S Introduction to Computer Language 2+0 2.0
CSE 204S Introduction to Computer Language Lab. 0+4 2.0
ECO 103A Principles of Economics 3+0 3.0
GEN 238 Field Work 0+4 1.0
Total 18 + 12 = 30 23
Third Year Semester I

Theory + Lab
GEN 321 Animal Anatomy and Reproduction 3+0 3.0
GEN 322 Animal Anatomy and Reproduction Lab 0+2 1.0
GEN 323 Plant Tissue and Cell Culture 3+0 3.0
GEN 324 Plant tissue and Cell Culture Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 325 Molecular Markers and Gene Manipulation 3+0 3.0
GEN 327 Immunology 3+0 3.0
GEN 328 Immunology Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 329 Quantitative and Population Genetics 4+0 4.0
Total 16 + 6 = 22 19
Third Year Semester II

Theory + Lab
GEN 331 Genetic Engineering 3+0 3.0
GEN 332 Genetic Engineering Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 333 Animal Tissue and Cell Culture 3+0 3.0
GEN 334 Animal Tissue and Cell Culture Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 335 Plant Genetics and Breeding 4+0 4.0
GEN 337 Industrial and Pharmaceuticals Biotechnology 3+0 3.0
GEN 339 Research Methodology 3+0 3.0
GEN 340 Field work 0+4 1.0
Total 16 + 10 = 30 20
Fourth Year Semester I

Theory + Lab
GEN 421 Animal Genetics and Breeding 4+0 4.0
GEN 422 Animal Genetics and Breeding Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 423 Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics 4+0 4.0
GEN 424 Proteomics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 425 Gene Expression and Regulation 3+0 3.0
GEN 427 Techniques in Molecular Biology 3+0 3.0
GEN 428 Techniques in Molecular Biology Lab. 0+2 1.0
GEN 429 Cell Signaling 3+0 3.0
GEN 430 Study Tour 0+4 1.0
Total 17 + 10 = 27 21
Fourth Year Semester II

Theory + Lab
GEN 433 Human Molecular Genetics and Diagnostics 3+0 3.0
GEN 435 Recombinant DNA Technology 3+0 3.0
GEN 437 GMO and Biosafety regulation 3+0 3.0
GEN 439 Environmental Biology 3+0 3.0
GEN 440 Thesis/Project + Seminar 0+8 4.0
Total 12 + 10 = 22 17.5
Detailed Syllabus
GEN 121 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

3 Hours/Week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Historical background of genetics. Modern concept of genetics, Scope and branches, Application and
Importance of genetics in human society. Some important genetical terms. Heredity, Environment and the
continuity of life: Heredity and variation. Reproduction of living organism. The physical basis of Inheritance.
Genotype and Phenotype. distinguisihing heredity and environmental variation. Genotype and environmental
interaction. Mendelian genetics: life history of Mendel. Discovery of Mendel works. Experiment of Mendel work.
Mendels law of segregation and independent assortment. Exception of Mendelism: Modification of Mendelian
ratios. Lack of dominance, co-dominance, Heterodominance, Epistasis, interaction, lethal gene. Multiple factor
inheritance: Multiple allelism, pleotropism and cytoplasmic inheritance in animals, human and plants. Blood
groups inheritance in man and plasma protein polymorphism in man. Linkage and Crossing over: Linkage,
Crossing over, different kinds of linkage and crossing over and their significance, linkage groups. Factor affecting
the strength of linkage, cytological demonstration of crossing over. Linkage maps of Drosophila, chromosome map.
Sex determination: Cytological and genetic basis of sex determination. Different mechanism of sex determination in
plants, animals and its implication. Mutation: Defination, types of mutagen and mutation, characteristics, causes
and effects of gene mutation and mechanism. Chromosomal Aberrations: Types of structural and numerical
changes of chromosome and mechanisms. Genetical consequences of changing chromosome structure and number.
Books Recommended:
1. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K 1985.: Genetics (6th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J. and Snustad. D.P. 1991. : Genetics (18th ed) John Wiley and Sons. New York.
3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.
GEN 123 CYTOLOGY

Introduction: Historical background of cell, cell discovery and organelles. Definition and modern concept of cell,
protoplasm theory. Cell types and structure: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, differences between the two types of
cells. Typical structure of Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell and their functions. Cellular organelles: Major cellular
organelles, composition, structure and function. Cell wall membrane, plasma membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome, cytoskeletal structure. Nucleus and
chromosome: Structure of nucleus, morphology and chemistry of chromosome. Special types of chromosome-
Polytene, Lampbrush, Sex, Iso-chromosomes and diplochromosomes, Karyotypes- Definition, characteristics,
variation and significance. Cell division: Types of cell division, steps of mitosis and meosis, Difference between the
two process, Abnormalities in mitosis and meosis, causes and significance. Chromosome replication and cell
separation (on aspect of cell signaling).Physiology of cell: Energy, enzymes and metabolism, cellular respiration,
cell secretion.
Books Recommended:
1. Power, C. B., : Cell Biology.
2. Stern, H. and Nanney, D. L., : The Biology of Cells.
3. Verma, O. P. S. and Agarwal, O. V. K., : Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology.
4. Rastogi, S. C., : Cell Biology.
GEN 124 CYTOLOGY LAB

2 Hours/Week, 1 Credit
1. Cytological and cytochemical techniques.
2. Introduction of the microcope. Use and care of the microscope and its development.
3. Preparation of tissue for microscopy
4. Study of different stages of mitosis and meiosis.
GEN 125 BASIC BIOLOGY

Introduction: definition, classification, nomenclature and scope of Biology. Systematic study and
economic importance of different families, origin of life. Plant anatomy: ultrastructure and chemical
nature of cell wall, meristems and meristematic tissue and tissue system, function and distribution of
different plant tissues. Secondary growth of stem and root. Embryology: study of sporogenesis and
gametogenesis, oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Fertilization and development of embryo. Economic
biology: economic importance of plants, apiculture, sericulture, lac culture and fisheries in Bangladesh.
Applied Biology: causes of plant disease, diagnosis, symptoms, importance and control. Concept of insect
pests and pesticides. Definition of bio-agents, predator, parasitoids and vector, disease transmitting insects.
Ecology: Definition, types and fields, importance, habitat, community and ecological factors; Ecosystem:
definition, structure and function, types, energy flow, food chain and webs, Population Ecology.
Evolution: Overview of major phylogenic and evolutionary trends among the simpler plants and animals.
1. Datta, A. C., : Botany for Degree Students.

2. Gupta, R. K., : Text Book of Systematic Botany.
3. Bilgrami, K. S., Srivastava, L. M. & Shreemali, J. L., : Fundamental of Botany. 2nd Ed.
4. Hill, A. F., : Economic Botany.
5. Pandey, B. P; Economic Botany
GEN 126 BASIC BIOLOGY LAB.
Based on the basic biology theory classes.
CHE 101G GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Syllabus should be proposed by chemistry department.
CHE 102G GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB

3 Hours/Week, 1.5 Credits
Syllabus should be proposed by chemistry department
ENG 101 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-I

ENG 102 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-I LAB

2 Hours/Week, 1Credit
GEN 127 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY

Introduction: Basic concepts of biomolecules. Water: Properties and biological importance of water.
Stereoisomerism: Introduction, enantiomers, chiral centre, configuration, specification of configuration: R and S,
Diastereomers, Meso compound, conformational isomers. Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, physical and
chemical properties, structure and general reactions, mono, di and polysaccharides, amino sugars and other
important saccharides, sources and biological functions of major carbohydrates. Proteins: Definition, classification
based on shape, structure and biological function; sequence determination of protein, preliminary concept on
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins; fibrous proteins: α and β keratins, Globular proteins:
Structure of myoglobin, oligomeric proteins and quaternary structure of haemoglobin, oxygen binding curve of
haemoglobin and myoglobin. Amino acids: Definition, structure, properties, optical activity and classification of
amino acids, ionization of amino acids in solutions, titration curve of amino acids, isoelectric properties, general
reactions of amino acids. Peptides of biological interest. Lipids: Definition, classification, chemical and physical
properties, fatty acid composition of fats. Chemical reactions of fatty acids. Edible oils and their characteristic fatty
acid composition. Characterization of fats, oils and waxes, phospholipids with special reference to lecithin and
cephalic. Nucleic acids: Definition, composition and classification, structure and physiochemical properties,
important functions of nucleic acids. Vitamins: Deinitation, clssification, structure and function. Enzymes:
Definition, classification, Physiochemical properties, basic concepts of co-enzymes and prosthetic groups, mode of
action of enzymes, factor affecting enzymatic reactions.
Books Recommended:
1.Lehninger, Albert L.. Nelson David L ., Cox, M ichael M.,: Principle of Biochemistry
2. Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Riwell, V. W.: Harpers Biochemistry
3. Strayer, Lubert,.: Biochemistry
4. Morrison, R, Thornton, Boyd, R, Neilson. : Organic Chemistry
GEN 128 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

1. Preparation of Buffer solution

2. Color test for Carbohydrates (Benedict test, Molischs test)
3. Color tests for protein and amino acids (Ninhyrin test, Biuret test)
4. Estimation of sugar content of blood by Nelson Somogy Method
5. Determination of protein content of blood by Biuret method and calculation
6. Determination of saponification number of oil
7. Paper, thin layer and ion-exchange chromatography.
8. Quantitative measurments of ascorbic acid.
GEN 129 FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOILOGY

Molecular design of life: Introduction, overview of role of macromolecules; protein structure and function; Role of
DNA and RNA; Molecules of heredity. DNA as genetic material: Any exception. Chemistry of nucleic acids:
Composition of nucleic acids, bases, sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides. DNA structure: Watson
and Crick model and its characteristics, its physicochemical properties. Chargaff rules. Gene expression: Concept.
(i) Replication as continuity of transfer of genetic information. (ii) Transcription, types of RNAs, their
characteristics and function. (iii) Translation leading to functional protein synthesis, colinearity of genes and
proteins. Application of Molecular Biology: Concept. (i) Recombinant DNA technology – isolation of genes,
restriction endonuclease, vectors, cloning and expression of cloned genes. (ii) Agricultural and industrial
applications, with examples, (iii) Application in medical and related fields – forensic studies, detection of
molecular diseases, pharmaceutical production, gene therapy. (iv) Some Molecular Biology techniques –
Polymerase chain reaction, DNA fingerprinting, DNA mapping, use of genetic markers, DNA sequencing.
Hazard associated with Recombinant DNA technology: Concept and controversies of Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO).
Books Recommended:
1. Readings from Scientific American., Molecules of Life., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
2. Darn ell, J., Lodesh, H. and Baltimore, D. 1986. Molecular Cell Biology., W.H. Freeman and Company, New
York.
3. Stryer, L. 1988. Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
4. Alberts, B. Bray, D. Lewis, J., 1989. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York.
5. Stryer, L. 1989. Molecular Design of Life. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
6. Voet & Voet, 1991. Biochemistry.
7. Lehninger, Nelson, Cox, 1990. Principles of Biochemistry.
GEN 131 PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING ORGANISM

General physiology: Introduction, definition, branches of physiology, glossary and terminology related to
physiology. Blood circulation and cardiovascular system: Definition and different composition of blood and
plasma proteins, their structure, functions, development and fate. Blood coagulation mechanism, blood groups,
lymphoid system. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle, generation and conduction of cardiac impulse. E.C.G,
events of cardiac cycle and cardiac outputs, factor affecting heart rate, haemodynamics, blood pressure and its
regulation, fetal circulation and maternal circulation. Respiratory system: Different parts of respiratory system,
functions and pulmonary circulation, mechanisms of respiration. O2 and CO2 transport in the body, regulation of
respiration- nervous and chemical.Urinary system: Structure and functions of kidney, renal circulation, urine
formation in mammals, birds, reptiles. Filtration, reabsorption of different components of tubular fluid, excretion,
concentration of urine, concept of plasma clearance, acidification of urine. Digestive system: Structure and
functions of digestive system, digestive enzymes, mechanisms of secretions of gastric juice, physiology of digestion
and absorption of food (carbohydrates, proteins and fats).Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive
system of human, mammals and birds, structure and functions of these organs, puberty, estrous and menstrual cycle,
physiology of pregnancy, fertility, control and sterility. Endocrine system: Endocrine and exocrine glands of male
and female, growth and sex hormones, structure, functions and mechanisms of regulation of hormones. Nervous
system: Classification of nervous system, structure and functions of neuron, synapse, neurotransmitter and
transmission of nerve impulse, control of sensory and motor function. Organization of nervous system, cerebral
cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord.
Books Recommended:
1. Ganong, W. F., : Review of Medical Physiology.
2. Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J.E.,: Textbook of Medical Physiology
3. Gottschalk, Gerhard,. : Bacterial Metabolism.
4. Dataa, S. C., : Plant Physiology.
GEN 132 PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING ORGANISM LAB.

Based on theory class
ENG 103 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-II

ENG-104 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-II LAB

2 Hours/Week, 1Credit
CSE 101S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATION
Computer application syllabus should be proposed by CSE department.
CSE 102S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB

Computer application syllabus should be proposed by CSE department.
GEN 134 FIELD WORK

GEN 100 GENERAL VIVA VOCE

GEN 221 MOLECULAR GENETICS

Fine structure of gene: Classical versus molecular concept of gene. Structure and chemistry of nucleotides,
nucleosides and nucleic acids. The Watson and Crick model of DNA structure. Different physico-chemical
properties of DNA (Tm value, cot values, hybridization kinetics, different combinations of DNA). Mutagenesis:
Definition, classification, molecular basis of mutation, kinds of mutagenic agents and their effects on organism,
mutation affecting human beings, detection of mutation in Drosophila by CIB, Muller-5, attached-X methods,
practical methods of mutation. Transposons: Terminology, Insertion sequence, detection of transposons in bacteria,
structure of transposons and its nature, mechanism and role of transposons. Replication of DNA: Mode of
replication, DNA polymerases, mechanism and control of DNA synthesis for prokaryotic and eukaryotic system.
Repair of DNA: Alternation of DNA molecules- biological indication of repair, repair mechanism of thymine
dimers, restriction and modification sites, the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering, excision and repair
of mutant sequence. Gene regulation and expression: One gene- one polypeptide concept, protein synthesis
transcription and translation, co-linearity of gene and polypeptide, genes and enzymes involved in the synthesis of
arginine, tryptophan and histidine, gene regulation, structure and function of protein. Transcription: Prokaryotic
and eukaryotic RNA polymerase, mechanism of transcription, reverse transcriptase, regulation of transcription-
operon models and RNA splicing. Translation: Genetic codes, specificity, redundancy and Wobble hypothesis with
experimental evidences, colomearity of gene and protein structure. Protein Synthesis: Ribosome structure, protein
synthesis – initiation, elongation and termination, control of translation of both prokaryote and eukaryotes.
`
Books Recommended:
1. Verma, P. S. and Agarwal, V. K., : Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution
2. Adams, R. L. P.; Burden, R. H., Camphel, L. D. P.; Smiling, R. M. S. : The Biochemistry of the Nuclic Acids.
3. Brown, T.A. (1995). : Gene Cloning: An Introduction
4. Lewin, B. (1996) : Gene VI
5. Peter J. L. and Leegoog, C.R. (1993). : Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GEN 222 MOLECULAR GENETICS LAB

Based on the theory classes of Molecular genetics.
GEN 223 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

Introduction: Definition, brief history of microbial world discovery, germ theory of disease, place of microbes
found, major classification of living organism by different scientists, distinctive characteristics of major microbes
group scope of microbiology. Characteristics of microorganism, classification, nomenclature and identification:
Morphological characteristics, chemical characteristics, cultural characteristics, metabolic characteristics, antigenic
characteristics, genetic characteristics, pathogenecity, ecological characteristics, classification, nomenclature,
identification. Bacterial world: Morphology, size, shape, external and internal structure of bacteria, classification,
nutritional requirement for bacterial culture, types of bacteriological culture media, physical condition for growth,
reproduction, growth, maintenance and preservation of bacteria, importance and disadvantage of bacteria, bacterial
disease. The virus: Definition, classification, characteristics, bacterio- phages; morphology, structure and
component, replication, lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle, HIV, SARS, Dengue virus-their structure, characteristics
and pathogenecity. Fungi: Molds and yeasts distinguishing characteristics, cultivation, some fungi of special
interest, fungal disease and prevention. Algae: Characteristics, reproduction, biological and economical important
of some species, algae and disease. Control of microorganism: Fundamentals of control, the control of microbes by
physical, chemical and antimicrobial agents, characteristics of these agents, evaluation of antimicrobial chemical
agents.
Books Recommended:
1. Pelezar, M.J; Chan, E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R.(1993). : Microbiology. McGraw Hill Inc. USA.
2. Tortera, G.J.; Funke, B.R. and Case, C.I., (1982). : Microbiology: An Introduction.
3. Stainer. R.Y.; Adelberg and Ingraham, I.J. : General Microbiology, MacMillan USA.
4. Purohit, S. S. (2004): Microbiology; Fundamentals & Applications, India
GEN 224 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY LAB

1. Microscopic examination of bacteria; wet mount preparation, hanging drop technique, simple staning, gram
staining and acid fast staining.
2. Isolation and identification of bacteria from different sources.
3. Susceptibility of microbes against antibiotic
4. Measurement of bacterial growth by turbidometric and count methods.
5. Isolation of yeast from natural sources.
GEN 225 CYTOGENETICS

3 Hours/week, 3 Credits
Introduction: Definition, extent and brief history. The chromosome complement: Morphological structure,
nomenclature and characteristics of chromosome, chemical organization and ultra structure of chromosome, viral
chromosome. Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, karyotype and banding pattern of chromosome, cytogenetics of sex
determination and sex differentiation. Structural changes of chromosome: Deletion, duplication, inversion,
translocation; Definition, types, origin, meiotic behavior and role of evolution, uses in cytogenetical study.
Numerical changes of chromosome: Polyploidy, autopolyploidy, autotetraploids, allopolyploids, trisomic (primary,
secondary and tertiary), monosomic and nullisomic and haploid. Molecular cytogenetics: Nuclear DNA content and
its organization, Genetic, cytogenetic and physical maps using molecular markers.
Books Recommended:
1. Gupta, P. K., : Cytogenetics.
2. Sinha, U. and Sinha, S., : Cytogenetics, Plant Breeding and Evolution.
3. Verma, P. S. and Agarwal, V. K., : Cell biology, Genetics, Molecular biology, Evolution and Ecology.
4. Shukla and Chandel, : Cytogenetics and Evolution.
GEN 226 CYTOGENETICS LAB

2 Hours/week, 1 Credit
Based on the theory classes of Cytogenetics.
GEN 227 ENZYMES AND BIOENERGETICS

Introduction: Definition, classification, factors affecting enzyme activity, active site, activation energy, equilibrium
constant, binding energy, interaction between enzyme and substrate, general acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis,
metal ion catalysis. Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, Line Weaver-Burk equation. Enzyme inhibition:
Reversible and irreversible inhibition; competative, noncompetative and uncompetative inhibition. Regulatory
Enzymes: Allosteric Enzymes, kinetic behavior of allosteric enzyme, mechanism of regulatory activity of allosteric
enzyme, covalent modification of enzymes isozyme. Enzyme immobilization .Microbial screening, selection and
strain improvement: Sources of industrial used microorganism, techniques of microbial screening, methods of strain
improvement. Enzyme isolation, purification and assay: Objective and stratigies in enzyme purification,clarification
of soluble enzyme, methods of concentrating enzymes, various curomatographic method for enzyme purification,
examples of purification procedure, techniques of enzyme assay, determination of molecular wt and amino acid
compsition. Industrial production of Enzymes: Enzymes isolated on industrial scale and their application.
Bioenergetics and metabolism: Bioenergetics and thermodynamics, high energy compound, the ATP cycle,
occurrences and properties of ATP, ADP and AMP, AP, transfer of phosphate group, ATP as the source of energy,
role of AMP and pyrophosphate, other high energy compounds. Mitochondria: Structure, enzyme localization ,
mitochondrial electron flow, electron carriers. Biological Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: Oxidative
phosphorylation and dephosphorylation: ATP Synthesis: Coupling with respiratory electron flow, the chemiosmotic
model, mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH, energetic of electron transport, uncoupling and inhibition of
electron transport, regulation of oxidative phosphorylation.
Books Recommended:
1. Wiseman, A. : Principles of Biotechnology.
2. Nicholas C. Price and Lewis Stevens. : Fundamental of Enzymology
3. Watson, J.D. Gilman, M, Witkowskli, J., Zoller, M. : Recombinant DNA Technology
GEN 228 ENZYMES AND BIOENERGETICS LAB

Based on the theory classes of Cytogenetics.
GEN 229 BIOSTATISTICS

Introduction: Definition, Branches of statistics, nature of statistics, uses of statistics in biological science, Variables,
classification, construction of frequency distribution, Graphical representation of data. Central tendency, Measures
of Central tendency, Quintiles, Dispersion, Measures of Dispersion, moments, Skew ness and kurtosis. Probability:
Elementary theory of probability, laws of probability, additive and multiplicative laws of probability and Bay’s
theorem. Random variables, probability distribution, derivation, properties and uses of Binomial, Poisson and
Normal distribution to observed data. Techniques of Sampling: The concept of statistical population and parameters
Samples and random sample statistical characterization of samples. Definition and use of standardized normal
variate. Descriptive statistics: Calculation of the mean, variance and standard deviation, Machine method of
calculating the variance and standard deviation, Estimation of standard deviation from the range, Standard deviation
of the mean, Confidence limit of the mean. Correlation and Regression: Definition, correlation coefficient, product
moment correlation coefficient to measure the relationship between variables in a bi-variate distribution. Fitting
simple linear regression to observed data by the method of least squares. Hypothesis: Test of Hypothesis, type I and
type II errors and level of significance, preliminary idea on t-test, F-test, Chi square test and their application.
Testing hypothesis regarding population mean, equality of two means, population variance equality of two means,
population variance equality of two population variances, goodness of fit and independence of two attributes in a
contingency table and test of significance of correlation coefficient and regression coefficients. Principles of
experimental design: Field layout and analysis of variance in completely randomized design, randomized block
design and Latin square design. Analysis of covariance in a completely randomized design. Probit analysis: The
estimation of 50 percent endpoints. Graphic approximation of LD50 value. Method of estimation of 50 per cent
endpoints.
Books recommendation:
1. Steel, R.D.G and Torry, J.H (1960). : Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. NewYork
2. Mian, M.& Miyan, Alimullah, M. (1984). : Introduction to Statistics.
3. Cochraan . W.G & Cox. G. M., : Experimental Designs.
4. Shill & R Debnath; Introduction to Statistics
5. Mostafa M. N., Method of statistic, Bangladesh
6. Islam M.N Introduction to statistic and probability, 3rd edition.
GEN 230 BIOSTATISTICS LAB

3 Hours/Week, 1.5 Credit
Based on the theory classes of Biostatistics.
PHY 215 BIOPHYSICS

Biophysics syllabus should be proposed by physics department.
GEN 231 METABOLISM AND METABOLIC REGULATION

General aspects of metabolism: Experimental approaches to the study of metabolism, a survey of intermediary
metabolism. Glycolysis: The glycolytic pathway, metabolism of disaccharides, pentoses and hexoses, physiological
importance of anaerobic glycolysis, fructose intolerance, The tricarboxylic acid cycle: Cycle overview, the
discovery of the TCA cycle, amphibolic nature of the cycle, anaplerotic reactions, pyruvate dehydrogenase
deficiency. Other pathways of carbohydrate degradation: The pentose phosphate pathway, the glyoxylate pathway.
Biosynthesis of carbohydrate: Gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides, glycoproteins
and nucleotide sugar formation. Fatty acid metabolism: Fatty acid oxidation, utilization of fatty acids for energy
production, ketone body formation and utilization.Lipid metabolism: lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis,
storage of fatty acids as triglycerides, , cholesterol metabolism, Disorders of lipid metabolism. Amino acid
metabolism: general reactions of amino acids, oxidative degradation of amino acids, amino acid biosynthesis,
nitrogen fixation, clinical correlations: phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, folic acid deficiency, hyperammonemia and
hepatic coma, deficiencies of the urea cycle enzymes. Nucleotide metabolism : synthesis of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides, formation of deoxyribonucleotides, nucleotide degradation, antimetabolites of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotide metabolism. heme metabolism. Xenobiotics : Introduction, general properties, role of liver in such
metabolism, characteristics of cytochrome P450, methods of xenobiotic metabolism. Regulation of enzyme
activity: Enzyme availability, alteration of catalytic efficiency. Hormones: General introduction, classification and
chemistry, feed back control, second messenger, role Camp, ca2+ as 2nd messengers, phosphotidyl inositol,
mechanism of action of Epinephrine, Glucagons, Insulin and steroid hormone. Metabolic Integration: regulation of
metabolism in liver, muscle and adipose tissues.
Books Recommended:
1.Lehninger, Albert L.. Nelson David L ., Cox, M ichael M.,: Principle of Biochemistry
2. Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Riwell, V. W.: Harpers Biochemistry
3. Strayer, Lubert,.: Biochemistry
GEN 233 MICROBIAL GENETICS

Bacterial Chromosome: Structure and Replication (Review).Plasmid: Introduction, structure and replication,
replication of Col E1, R6k and conjugative plasmid control of plasmid replication, plasmid curing r-plasmid and
antibiotic resistance, mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Conjugation: F+ and F- like plasmids, tra-operon, sex pilli,
formation of hfr strain, gene mapping by conjugation analysis, transfer of non-conjugative plasmid by conjgative
plasmid, plasmid mobilization, chromosome transfer by f cultures of E. coli k-12.conjugation and chromosome
transfer in other bacteria, conjugal transfer of r-plasmid. Transformation and electroporation: Competence, uptake
of DNA,transfection, artificially induced competence. DNA transfer by electroporation. Transduction: Generalized
transduction, experimental evidence, origin of generalized transducing phages, genetic mapping by different
transductant classes. Specialized transduction, experimental evidence, origin of specialized transducing phage
particle. Phage genetics: Phage T4; T4 life cycle (lysis Vs lysogeny), genetic recombination in phage T4, genetic
fine structure. Phage φ x174 ---life cycle, genetic organization. Transposon and insertion sequences: Transposable
eliments, the mechanism of transposion. Transposon mutagenesis. Molecular cloning: Restriction endonuclease and
digestion of DNA. Ligases; blunt ended ligation, linker. Homopolymar tailing. Cloning Vector; use of bacterial
plasmid, λ DNA, cosmid, yeast plasmid as cloning vector. Gene libraries. Yeast Genetics: Mating type genetics of
yeast, yeast plasmid, mitrocondrial inheritance in yeast.
Books Recommended:
1. Avers, C.J. : Genetics
2. Brock, T.D Martinco, J.M and Parker, J.,: Biology of Microorganism.
3. Hardy, K. M.,: Bacterial Plasmid
4. Strickberger, M.W., : Genetics
5. Suzuki, Griffith and Miller. : Introduction to Genetic Analysis.
GEN 234 MICROBIAL GENETICS LAB

Based on the theory classes of microbial genetics.
GEN 235 CONCEPTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction: Definition, history, technology level, application of BT, BT and developing countries. Recombinant
DNA technology: Selection and processing of foreign gene, selection and processing of vector, ligation, transgenic
organism. Biotechnology and fermentation process: Definition of fermentation, fermentation, process and products,
bioreactor designs. Food biotechnology: Introduction, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, food enzymes, food
waste, fermented foods and drinks bakery process. Biotechnology and agriculture: Application in agriculture, their
advantages and disadvantages, Biotechnological tool used in crop production, plant tissue culture, genetic
manipulated plant, nitrogen fixation and biofertilizer, biopesticide, herbicide for insect and weed control, mushroom
production. Biotechnology and animal production: Animal cell and tissue culture, transgenic animal production,
pharmaceutical product and blood substitutes from transgenic animal, Biotechnology used in animal development,
embryo transfer. Biotechnology in medicine: Production of regulatory protein, blood products, antibiotics, vaccines,
monoclonal antibody, gene therapy. Biotechnology in fuel generation: Sources of biomass, ethanol from biomass,
methane from biomass, biogas. Biotechnology and environment: Oil pollution and control, microbes and geological
environment, pesticide and herbicide pollution and control, heavy metal pollution and control, sewage disposal,
biosensor and bioremediation. Safety in Biotechnology: Problems of transgenic organism, human cloning and
ethics, new organism pathogenecity problems of biologically active biotechnological products.
Books Recommended:
1. Smith, J.E. : Biotechnology
2. Bubey, R.C. : Introduction to Biotechnology
3. Bilgrami and Pandey. : Introduction to Biotechnology
GEN 337 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Introduction: Importance, scope and application of plant physiology. Mineral nutrition: The chemical composition
of plant, classification of plant nutrients, deficiency symptoms, macro and micronutrients.
Hydroponics and its significance. Plant cell specialties, chloroplast: Detailed structure.
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic apparatus and pigment system, transformation of light energy into
chemical energy, factors affecting photosynthesis, C3, C4 and CAM pathways, significance of
photosynthesis, source and sink relationship. Respiration: respiratory substrates, glycolysis, kreb
cycle and electron transport system, hexos-monophosphate pathway, photorespiration and its
significance. Plant growth regulators: physiological and biochemical role, use of phytohormone in
agriculture and plant tissue culture. Physiology of flowering: Mechanism of flowering, florigen,
light image, photoperiodism and vernalization. Growth and development: factors, kinds, shoot
growth, life processes of plants, leaf area index, and growth rate. Light and plant life --- Light
sensing by plants; Photomorphogenesis; Phytochromoe and blue light photoreceptors; Effect of UV
light on biological systems; Significance of biological clocks. Dormancy and germination of seeds:
definition, germination and seed viability, types and causes, process of germination, causes of
losses of seed viability. Secondary metabolites: Types, Alkaloids and plant phenolics, commercial
application, production via plant cell culture.
Books Recommended:
1. Galstone, A.W. and Davies, P.J. 1970. Control Mechanism in Plant Development., Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey.
2. Galstone, A.W. and Davies, P.J. 1980. A Life of a Green Plant., Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
3. Noggle, G.R. and Fritz, G.J. 1983., Introductory Plant Physiology., Prentice Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey.
4. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. 1983., Plant Physiology., Wardsworth Pub. Co. USA.
5. Devlin, R.M. 1988., Plant Physiology., Reinhold Pub. Co. New York.
GEN 338 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB.

Based on the theory classes.
CSE 203S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LANGUAGE

Introduction to computer language syllabus should be proposed by CSE Department.
CSE 204S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LANGUAGE LAB

Introduction to computer language Lab. syllabus should be proposed by CSE Department.
ECO 103A PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Principles of economics syllabus should be proposed by economics department.
GEN 238 FIELD WORK


GEN 321 ANIMAL ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTION

Introductory anatomy: Definition, branches of anatomy, anatomical terms, methods of study anatomy, importance
of anatomy in the field of genetics. Osteology: Skeleton, classification of bones, composition and structure of bones,
bones of cattle, goat, chicken including limb, skull, vertebrae and visceral bones. Definition and Scope of animal
reproduction, Types of reproduction in various species of animals, relationship of reproduction with genetics and
breeding. Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive system of economically important
animals ,Reproductive system of cattle, sheep, horse, dog ,monkey and chicken. etc. Reproductive Endocrinology:
Definition of hormone and receptor, classification, properties function and mode of action of reproductive
hormones, endocrine regulation system governing male and female reproduction, hormone assay, hormone like
substances- growth factor and prostaglandins. Use of synthetic and placental hormone. Transport and survival of
gametes and embryos in vivo. Germ cells: Primordial germ cells, life history of the germ cells, oogenesis,
biochemical aspects of oogenesis, ovulation, follicular atresia, the structure of the egg, spermatogenesis, sperm
transport in the male and female genital tract, egg ‘pick-up’, movement of egg along the fallopian tube.
Reproductive cycle and sexual behavior : Puberty, modern concept of the attainment of puberty in male and female,
practical application of puberty, estrous cycle, endocrine mechanism of sexual behavior, endocrine, physiologic and
behavioral changes during estrous in different farm animals, breeding season and its effect on reproduction.
Fertilization, pregnancy and parturition: Fertilization, preparation of gamets, acrosome reaction, interaction of
spermatozoa with the zona pellucida, gamet fusion, activation of the egg, cleavage, blastocyst formation,
implantation, embryonic and fetal development, act of parturition.
Books Recommended:
1. Hafez, E.S.E. : 1993. Reproduction in farm animals. (6th edn) Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
2. Lamming , G.E. : Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4th edn) Churchill Livingstone, London.
3. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 1, Germ cells and fertilization.
4. Austin C.R and Short, R.V. : Reproduction in mammals: Book 2. Embryonic an
5. R.K. Ghosh. Primary veterinary anatomy; Current books international, kolkata, 4th edition (2006)
6. Getty, R. : Sisson and Grossman’s The anatomy of the Domestic animals, 5th edition, W.B. Saunders and Co.
Philadelphia (USA)
GEN 322 ANIMAL ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTION LAB.

Based on the theory classes
GEN 323 PLANT TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE

Introduction: Definition, types, history and development, theory of tote potency, importance. Laboratory
organization and aseptic techniques: Lab, facilities, design, operation and management, aseptic technique for plant
tissues, chemicals, instruments, glass wares, personal hygiene. Culture media: Definition, components,
composition, function of components, preparation and media selection, solidification and maintenance of media.
Explants collection & tissue culture: Selection, collection and preparation of explants, callus and suspension
culture, batch and continuous culture, callus induction and maintenance, transfer of cultures and subcultures,
storage of cultured cells, initiation and establishment of embryogenic suspension culture, effect of culture condition
on growth. Growth and regeneration: Growth process, characteristics and measurement method of growth,
organogenesis, morphogenesis, precaution and trouble shooting in plant tissue culture. Micro propagation:
Definition, direct and indirect method of different plant, factors of shoots and root multiplication. Protoplast
culture: Isolation, purification and culture of protoplast. Anther/pollen culture: Collection, processing and method,
in-vitro pollination and fertilization. Production of disease free plants: Methods of virus elimination, versus
indexing, eradication of pathogen other than virus, application and limitation, selection of decease resistant strains
in-vitro. Somatic embryogenesis: Procedure, embryo development, mutation, plant formation, somatic hybridization
and cybridization. Plant tissue culture in germplasm conservation & industrial application
Books Recommended:
1. Razdan, M.K. : An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.
2. Bhojwani, S.S. : Plant Tissue Culture
3. Vasil, I,K. and Thrope. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.
GEN 324 PLANT TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE LAB

Based on the theory classes of plant tissue and cell culture.
GEN 325 MOLECULAR MARKERS AND GENE MANIPULATION
Introduction: Concept, genetic principles, variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)/Minisattellite sequences,
short tandem repeats (STRs)/Microsattellite sequences, hybrid arrester translation, hybrid released translation. DNA
Fingerprinting: Hybridization based DNA fingerprinting (RFLP) - radioactive, fluorescent and chemiluminescent
methods; PCR-based DNA fingerprinting-Single locus and multi-locus DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, AFLP.
Application of PCR, RT-PCR, LCR, differential display, RNA fingerprinting. Polymorphisms: Polymorphism of
some genetic locus in relation to diseases. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting: Identification of
genotypes/varieties/breeds/strains; animal and plant protection right, criminal investigation, immigration, paternity
dispute, identification of missing children, bodies found in plane crush, road accidents etc. Marker assisted
selection: By RAPD, SSR. Gene manipulation: Definition of cloning, types, history, Procedure of cloning: Animal,
plant and microbes. Gene mapping: The human genome project, present status, strategies, potential benefits.
genomic library building, DNA cloning, screening. Cloning for expression, commercial and medical applications
Drawback of cloning: Ethical concerns connected with human gene cloning.
Books Recommended:
1. Fowler, EA. 1993. Techniques for Engineering Genes. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK.
2. Gupta, P.K. 1997. Cell and Molecular Biology. Rastogi Pub., India.
3. Henry, R.J. 1984. Practical Applications of Plant Molecular Biology. Chapman and Hall Pub., London.
4. Micklos, D.A. and G.A. Freyer. 1990. DNA Science, Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, New York.
5. Stansfield, W.D. 1996. Theory and Problems of Molecular and Cell Biology. McGraw Hill Co., New York.
6. Weising, K., H. Nybom, K. Woff, and W. Meyer. 1995. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants and Fungi. CRC Press,
USA.
GEN 327 IMMUNOLOGY

Introduction to immunology and immune system: Innate and adaptive immunity, molecular and cellular basis of
immune system, soluble mediators of immunity, cytokines, antigen, haptens and carriers and inflammation. Cells
involved in immune response: Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and NK cells), development maturation, activation,
recognition and accessory molecules and T & B cells, Natural killer cells. Antigen, Antibody and T cell receptor:
Antigen antibody reaction, structure and general properties of immunoglobulin, structure of T-cell receptor, theories
of antibody production, purification of antibody, immunoglobulin genes and diversity. Vaccination: Adminstration
of vaccines, antigen used as vaccines, effectiveness of vaccines, adjuvant, active and passive immunity.
Complements: Introduction, nomenclature, activities of complement, activation of complement, classical and
alternative pathways, biological effects of complement. Immunopathology: Hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and
autoimmune disease, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Immunological techniques:
Immunodiffusion, heamagglutination and complement fixation test, direct and indirect immunoflauroscence, Radio
immune Assay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some examples of immunological procedures
used in bioassay. MHC molecules: Discovery and function, class, antigen processing and presentation, genomic
organization of MHC, MHC polymorphism. Gene therapy: Definition, history. Human gene therapy: Uses in
different disease recovery. Cancer gene therapy: Definition, causes, recovery through gene therapy.
Transplantation and rejection: Barriers of transplantation, histocompatibility antigens, laws of transplantation, role
of T lymphocytes in graft rejection.
Books Recommended:
1. Donald, M. W.,: Immunology.
2. Roitt, M., : Immunolgy.
GEN 328 IMMUNOLOGY LAB

Based on the theory classes of Immune genetics.
GEN 329 QUANTITATIVE AND POPULATION GENETICS

4 Hours/Week 4 Credits
Introduction: Relations among Mendelian genetics, quantitative genetics population genetics, its scope. Genetic
Constitution of a population: Gene frequency, genotype frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, changes of gene
frequency in migration, mutation, selection and small population, the idealized population and inbred population.
Variation, values and means: Phenotypic and genotypic values, average effect and breeding values, genetic
components of variance, Environmental variance and repeatability. Phenotypic and genetic resemblance between
relatives. Genetic and environmental covariance, Heritability and its estimation, genetic and environmental
correlation. Selection and Breeding: Response to selection and its prediction, long term selection effects, efficiency
in various methods of selection, inbred lines, heterosis, synthetic population, general and specific combining
abilities, scale effects, threshold characters, and fitness related to metric characters. Polygenic inheritance:
Continuous variation, polygene, major genes, genic basic and biometrical approach. Component of variation:
Additive and dominance effects, non–allelic interactions in polygenic system; Heritability and genetic advance,
components, of variation. Estimation of Genetic parameters: Calculation of genetic parameters and non- genetic
components of phenotypic variance of genetically engineered plants in single location. Genotype–environment
Interaction: Genotype–environment interaction in segregating and non–segregating generations. Heritability and
selection: Estimation of heritability (broad and narrow sense), correlated characters, genetic and environmental
correlation, path-coefficient analysis and selection, selection response and its application. Gene frequencies and
equilibrium: Gene frequencies, gene pool, conservation of gene frequencies stain of equilibrium of two or more
loci. Co dominance of natural population. Sex linkage in natural population and multiple alleles. Migration and
population structure: Estimation of migration and population structures. Direct observation of migration. The
continent of Island Model. Genetic drift: Effect of genetic drift, effective population size.
Books Recommended:
1. Mather, K. and Jinks, J. L., : Biometrical Genetics(The study of continuous variation) Third Ed.
2. Strickberger, M. W., : Genetics
3. Falconer, D. S., : Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Second Ed.
4. Mather, K. and Jinks, J. L., : Introduction to Biometrical Genetics.
5. Falconer, D.S. 1989 (3rd edn),: Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, London.
6. Chapman, A.B. : General and Quantitative Genetics. World Animal Science, A4 Elsevier Scientific publications,
B.V. Amsterdam 1985.
7. Hedrick, P. W., : Genetics of population.
GEN 331 GENETIC ENGINEERING

Introduction: Definition, scope, basic steps, merits & problems. Basic tools of gene manipulation: DNA
modification enzymes, foreign DNA, cloning vectors, cDNA library, genomic library, prerequisite for plant genetic
engineering. Cloning Vectors: Character for good cloning vector, types. Characteristics and structure of different
cloning vectors, cloning from m RNA, synthesis and cloning of cDNA, cloning from gene library. Production of
transgenic plants: Identification and isolation of gees, preparation of plant nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial
DNA preparation, gene transfer method, mechanism and relative advantages of physical and biological methods,
strategy of stable transformation, foreign gene expression. Genetic manipulation of flower pigmentation,
provitamin A, iron, proteins in rice. Plant as bioreactor-antibodies, polymers, foreign proteins in seeds. Edible
vaccines in food products. Animal genetic engineering: Micromanipulation of farm animal embryos embryo and
gamete sex selection; nuclear transplantation, sperm separation, embryonic sex selection, gene transfer through
embryonic microinjection, production of transgenic animals, production of transgenic animals, prospect of
transgenic livestock., PCR based cloning. Genetic Engineering in Medicine and Industry: Production of transgenic
microbes, Commercial synthesis of hormones, vaccines, large scale preparation of organic chemicals, biomining.
Books Recommended:
1. Watson. : Recombinant DNA Technology.
2. Foster, G.D. and Twell, D. : Plant Gene Isolation: Principles and Practice.
3. Barbuik. L.A.; Philliips, J.P and M. Moo-Young. : Animal Biotechnology: Comprehensive Biotechnology
GEN 332 GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

Based on the theory classes of Genetic Engineering.
GEN 333 ANIMAL TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE

Introduction to animal tissue culture: Definition, type and history & development, Importance of cell, tissue and
organ culture. Background of Animal Cell culture: Animal cell cultures new understanding, new developments.
Animal cell culture technology in the 21st century. Laboratory Organization: Facilities, design, operation and
management. Media: Components, composition, functions of components, preparation and media selection.
Solidification and maintenance of media. Equipping the laboratory: Essential, beneficial and useful additional
equipmentsconsumable items. Contamination, laboratory safety and biohazards: Types of microbial contamination,
detection of microbial contamination, cross contamination, general safety, fire, radiation and biohazards.
Preparation and sterilization: Principles of sterilization of apparatus, reagents and media. The cell culture
environment: Substrate, gas phase, medium and temperature. The substrate: plastic and glass wares; tissue culture
flasks, culture vessels. The gas phase: Oxygen, carbondioxide, Medium and Supplements: physical properties,
constituents of media, serum, serum-free media; selection of medium and serum, other supplements, incubation
temperature. Isolation of tissue and primary culture: Mouse embryos and hen’s egg.Culture of specific cell types:
epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, neuroectodermal cells, hemopoietic cells. Culture of tumor tissue- general
method, selective culture. Three- Dimensional culture system: Organ culture, histotypic culture, filter wells.
Preparation of cell line: Isolation of different types of animal tissue; fibroblast, liver, kidney, bone marrow and
their uses, Physical methods of cell separation. Maintenance of cultured cells: Routine observation and
maintenance; cloning and selection of specific cell-types. Quantitation and experimental design: selection of cell
line; experimental design; growth phase: cell counting, preparation of samples for enzyme assay and immune assay,
preparation of samples for extraction of DNA and RNA.
Books Recommended:
1. Befuery, Griffiths and Zeijlemaker : Animal Cell Technology
2. Ian Fresshney, R. : Culture of Animal Cells
3. Chirkjian, J. G. : Biotechnology : Theory and Techniques
GEN 334 ANIMAL TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE LAB

Based on the theory classes of Animal Tissue and Cell Culture.
GEN 335 PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING

Introduction: Definition, history, scope and objectives in plant genetics and breeding. Genetic basis of plant
breeding. Fine structure of plant gene, genetical variation of leaves in higher plant, inheritance of extra nuclear
genes. Contribution of national research institutes for the development of improved varieties of important crops.
Origin and evolution of cultivated crop plants- Wheat and Rice. Reproductive system in relation to plant breeding:
Relevance of mode of reproduction to plant breeding. Modes and methods of reproduction, modes of pollination,
anthesis, mechanisms and genetic significance of pollination control/method. Concept of yield and yield
contributing characters of some important crops. Self incompatibility and male sterility. Hybridization techniques
and consequences: Definition, objectives, prerequisites, advantages and disadvantages of hybridization. Selfing and
crossing techniques, difficulties and precaution, rising of the F1 generation, techniques in field traits. Heterosis and
inbreeding depression: Heterosis; Types, scope, genetic, physiological and biochemical basis, use of heterosis in
plant breeding. Inbreeding depression; Genetic effects of inbreeding depression (in plant, animals, human and
fishes) practical application of inbreeding, genetical basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Methods of
breeding: Self pollinated crop; Mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree method and bulk method of selection
and single seed discent.Cross pollinated crop; Variety concept, mass selection, recurrent selection, inbreed lines and
evaluation of inbreed lines(general combining ability and specific combining ability), synthetic variety. Asexually
propagated crops of potato and sugarcane.Mutation breeding, clone and clonal selection, Breeding for insect and
disesases resistance. Plant genetic resources in plant breeding: Definition and classification of germplasm.
Biodiversity and genetic diversity and its significance, genetic erosion, implication and methods of germplasm
conservation. Distant hybridization: Concept, objectives and techniques of production of distant hybrids,
application and limitation in crop improvement. Evaluation of advance homozygous line. Improved varieties:
Principles and methods, production practices. Release and evaluation of new varieties. Distribution of improved
seeds from laboratory to farmers. Production of hybrid and synthetic varieties.
Books Recommended:
1. Singh, B. D., : A Text Book of Plant Breeding.
2. Allard, R. W., : Principles of Plant Breeding.
3. Simmonds, N. W., : Principles of Crop improvement.
4. Chopra, V. L., : Plant Breeding theory and Practice.
GEN 337 INDUSTRIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction: Definition, history, biotechnology used in industry and pharmaceuticals. Concept of Good
Manufacturing Practice (GMP): Practice of GMP, Quality Control, Quality Assurance and In-process control in
Pharmaceutical and Industry. Effect of microorganism in Pharmaceuticals: Affects of microorganism in
pharmaceuticals and industries environment, water, skin, respiratory tract flora, raw materials, plant sanitation,
building and equipment. Production of pharmaceutical products: Production of polyclonal and monoclonal
antibiotics, antibodies, vaccine and immunosera, cell culture and hybridoma technology. Modern pharmaceutical
products by recombinant DNA technology: Interferon, insulin, somatostain, human growth hormone, etc. Test and
techniques used for good pharmaceutical product: Sterility testing, purification of pharmaceutical products,
potency of antibiotics and microbial quality control. Disease and diagnosis: Infectious and genetic disease,
diagnosis of diseases by conventional and DNA based probes, gene therapy and counseling.
Books Recommended:
1. Huge, W.B. and Russel, A.D.Edited : Pharmaceutical Microbiology,
2. Board, R.G. Allowodd, M.C. Bank, J.G. (Edited) : Preservatives in the pharmaceutical, food & environment
industries. Blackwell Scientific Publication.
GEN 339 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction: Definition, types and objectives of research process, criteria of good research, basic concept of
experiment & research. Logistic support: Direct & indirect logistic support for effective research. Research
planning and methodology: Meaning and characteristics of a problem, selections of a problem, meaning and
characteristics of a good hypothesis, formulating and ways of stating of problem, meaning and characteristics
stating of hypothesis, research approach, research project planning, identification and priorization of research
problems for appropriate technology development. Research system in Bangladesh: In agriculture, industry, fish,
livestock and different university. Data collection and presentation: Research design, data analysis in multiyear and
multiplication; yield trial of genetically engineered crop varieties and calculation of genetically values. Research
project preparation, implementation and evaluation, Review of literature: Purpose and source of review,
preparation of index card for reviewing and abstracting, review of scientific reports. Method of writing annual
reports and research highlights and interpretation: Concept, technique and significance and precautions of
interpretation types, purpose, format, steps and significance of research reports, evaluation of research reports,
salient feature of research high lights and executive summary.
Books Recommended:
1. Kothari, C.R., : Methods and Techniques.
2. Sing, A.K., : Measurements and Research Methods In Behavioral Sciences.
GEN 340 FIELD WORK


GEN 421 ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING

Introduction: Need for animal products, concept of animal genetics, application of genetics in livestock and other
economical animals. Mendelian genetics: Principles of inheritance- the law of segregation and the law of
independent assortment, modification of Mendelian ratios – lack of dominance, lethal genes, epistasis, linkage and
crossing over. Sex determination and sex linkage: Mechanism of sex determination, free martin, intersexes and
super sexes, sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters. Chromosomal aberration: Deletion and
duplication. Aneuploidy and polyploidy in animals, chromosomal abnormality syndromes in animals. Karyotype
and Genetic maps: linear arrangement of gene in chromosome, linkage maps of Drosophila chromosomes, maps of
human chromosome, Giant chromosomes in the salivary glands of flies. Concept of animal breeding. Its
development and application, domestication of farm animals, development of breed association. Population, breeds
and breed structure,. Phenotypic variation: Values and means, discrete and continuous variation, normal
distribution, components of phenotypic and genetic variation, genotype-environment interaction, average effect of
genes. Population parameters: Heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation- definition, methods of estimation
and their uses. Breeding value: Definition, estimation and uses, most probable producing ability (MPPA),
transmitting ability, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), Quantitative trait loci (QTL). Selection: Natural and
artificial selection, selection objectives and selection criteria, mass selection, pedigree selection, family selection,
progeny testing, sib testing, methods of selection for more than one traits. Selection for correlated traits. Single gene
effect in animal breeding, Nucleus breeding system, accuracy of selection. Response to selection: Selection
program for livestock improvement, prediction and estimation of selection response, selection limit. Mating
System: Inbreeding, inbreeding depression, crossbreeding and Heterosis, selection for combining ability, formation
of synthetic breeds, grading-up and species hybridization, breed conservation. Breeding plan formulation:
Improvement goal, existing genetic resources, improvement policy, breeding policy formulation for livestock,
rabbit and zoo animals.
Books Recommended:
1. Warwick, E.J. and Legates. 1987. : Breeding and Improvement of farm animal (7th ed.) McGraw Hill Book Co.
Inc., New York.
2. Lasely, J.F. 1978. : Genetics of Livestock Improvement (3rd edn.) Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Malcolm B. Willis. 1991. : Dalton’s Introduction to practical animal breeding (3rd edn) Blackwell Sci. London.
4. Verma, P.S. and V.K Agarwal 1985. : Genetics (6th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
5. Gardner, E.J ., M.J. Simmons and D.P. Snustad. 1991. : Genetics (18th edn) John Wiley and Sons. New York.
6. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.
GEN 422 ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING LAB.

GEN 423 PROTEOMICS, GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS

Introduction to Bioinformatics: the fundamentals of protein and nucleic acid Sequence analysis, Database
searching, pairwise alignments, database searching including BLAST, Sequence analysis with PERL, Multiple
sequence alignments, phylogenetic analysis, Profile searches of databases, revealing protein motifs, 3D structural
comparisons, predictions and modeling. Genomics: Genetics to genomics, genomes sequencing strategies. Genome
Sequence Acquisition and Analysis, Evolution and Genomes, Biomedical Genome Research: genomic sequences to
make new vaccines, new types of antibiotics, new types of medications. Variation in the human genome, known
examples of SNPs that cause diseases, Pharmacogenomics, Ethical Consequences of Genomic Variations.
Expression Data Analysis: DNA/RNA Microarrays, The oligo microarray/chip technology, Affymetrix protocol
and data generation, The spotted microarray technology, cDNA and oligo spotted arrays, Biomedical applications;
Cancer and genomic microarrays. Nanotechnology, Gene therapy. Proteomics: Introduction, Protein 3D Structures,
Protein identifications (2-hybrid system, 2-D gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry/MALDI-TOF, other arrays).
Statistical models and stochastic processes in Proteomics, Signal Processing for Proteomics, Protein Interaction
Networks, measureing protein interactions, Large-scale databases of information for protein sequences, structures,
functions and interactions; mining of protein databases, applications to human disease studies. Networks in
Bioinformatics/Proteomics: Communication Networks, Biological networks (Protein Interaction Networks, Gene
regulation networks, Metabolism, Biochemical reactions), Databases and search tools for biological network
analysis. Genomic Circuits: in Single Genes, Complex integrated Genomic Circuits, Modeling Whole-Genome
Circuits: Genomics vs. Proteomics Case study Yeast Protein Interaction Network (random network, Scale free
network, Hierarchical network)
Books Recommended:
1. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, & Bioinformatics. Campbell & Heyer (2003) Pearson Education, ISBN: 0-
8053-4722-4
2. Bioinformatics, Methods of Biochemical Analysis Series Vol. 43, Baxevanis & Ouellette (2001) John Wiley &
Sons, ISBN 0-471-38391-0
3. Computational Molecular Biology. Pevzner, P.A. (2000) MIT Press, ISBN: 0262161974
4. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. Andreas D. Baxevanis & B. F. Francis
5. Ouellette (2004). 3rd Edition. Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0-471-47878-4
GEN 424 PROTEOMICS, GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB

GEN 425 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION

Chromosome structure: Basic chemical aspects – DNA, histones and non-histones; Basic structural aspects – the
nucleosomes, chromosome packaging. Organization of the genome in Eukaryotes: Gene and gene number; C-value
paradox; Organization of replication; Gene amplification, Chromosomal redundency, Repetitive DNA and its
relevance to plants and animals, inverted and tandem repeats. Gene Expression: Operon concept, lytic cascade and
lysogenic repression, DNA methylation, etc. chromosomal activation, regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes,
cell differentiation and oncogenes. Regulation of gene expression: Transcription – multiple RNA polymerases,
sigma like factors in eukaryotes; Heterogeneous nuclear RNA; Messenger RNA -- structure and complexity;
Interrupted genes and RNA splicing; Expression of specific genes; Genes for ribosomal RNA; Histone genes;
Globin genes; Heat-shock genes; possible role of middle repetitive DNA in control of gene expression. Regulation
of gene expression in prokaryotes; Lac and Trp operon, inducible and repressible systems; positive and negative
control; Brief introduction to the complexity of eukaryotic genetics. genetic recombination: Homologous and non
homologous, In vitro mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis; gene targeting, transposon mutagenesis. Repair
mechanism in mutation. Molecular biology of organelles: Extra nuclear hereditary materials; Genomes of
mitochondria and plastid -- interaction with nucleus; Rubisco -- a case study of duel control of its synthesis by
nucleus as well as plastome. In vivo Expression Techniques: Subtraction hybridization, transposon tagging,
promoter trapping, activation tagging.
Books Recommended:
1. Adams, R.L.P., J.T. Knowler and D.P. Leader. 1992. The Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids, 11th Ed. Champman &
Hall, New York.
2. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Rolf, K. Roberts, and J. D. Watson. 1994. Molecular Biology of the Cell. (3rd
ed). Garland Publishing Inc, New York.
3. Darnal. J., H. Lodish and D. Baltimoye. 1990. Molecular Cell Biology, 2nd Ed. Scientific American Books. New
York.
4. Freifelder, D. 1987. Molecular Biology. 2nd ed. Jones Bartlett Pub Inc, Boston.
5. Lehninger, A.L., D. L. Nelson and M.M. Cox. 1993. Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd Ed. Worth Pub., New York.
6. Reynolds, P.H.S. 1999. Inducible Gene Expression in Plant. CABI Publication, New York.
GEN 427 TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Centrifugation techniques: Theory and application of analytical and preparative centrifugation, concept of
continuous and zonal rotors, use of K and K factors, analytical ultracentrifuge. Isolation of plasmid DNA, genomic
DNA, RNAs and Protein. Quantification of nucleic acids by UV absorbance spectophotometry . Electrophoretic
Techniques: Theory, applications and types of starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; paper, native
and SDS-PAGE electrophoreses; iso-electric focussing, isotechophoresis, immuno-diffusion and immuno-
electrophoresis methods. Molecular Techniques: PCR, Southern, Northern and Western blotting, bioassay tests,
sequencing. Chromatography Techniques: Theory, applications and types of chromatography- paper, thin layer
(TLC), gel filtration, ion-exchange, affinity, reverse-phase chromatography, GLC, HPLC and FPLC. Radioisotopic
Techniques: Introduction to radioisotopes, their uses and monitoring concept of counting efficiency, and
autoradiography, radiation dosimetry. Labelling and measurements of radioactivity. Calculation of g-value.
Spectroscopic Techniques: Theory and applications of UV and visible spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, MS, NMR,
PMR, ESR, plasma emission, spectroscopy, hydrodynamic methods, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption.
Purification and characterization: Enzymes, protein, crystallization. Identification of bacterial species: sequences
of their 16S ribosomal RNA genes.
Books Recommended:
1. Cowell, I.G. and C.A. Austin. 1997. cDNA Library Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
2. Fowler, EA. 1993. Techniques for Engineering Genes. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK.
3. Freefelder, D. 1985. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi.
4. Freifelder. D. 1982. Physical Biochemistry. Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd Ed. W.H.
Freemen and Company, San Fransisco.
5. Glover, D.M., and B.D. Hames. 1995. DNA Cloning-1 Core Techniques: A Practical Approach. Oxford
University Press, New York.
6. Gupta, P.K. 1997. Cell and Molecular Biology. Rastogi Pub., India.
7. Kjellssion, G., V. Simonsen, and K. Ammann. 1997. Methods for Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants.
Birkhauser Verlag, Germany.
8. Slater, R.J. 1990. Radioisotopes in Biology- A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, UK.
GEN 428 TECHNIQUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LAB.

GEN 429 CELL SIGNALING

General principles of cell signaling: Extracellular signal molecule and their receptors, Operation of signaling
molecules over various distances, Sharing of signal information, Cellular response to specific combinations of
extracellular signal molecules; NO signaling by binding to an enzyme inside target cell, Nuclear receptor; Ion
channel linked, G-protein- linked and enzyme-linked receptors, Relay of signal by activated cell surface receptors
via intracellular signaling proteins, Intracellular signaling proteins as molecular switches, Interaction between
modular binding domain and signaling proteins, Remembering the effect of some signal by cells. Signaling through
G-protein-linked cell surface receptors: cAMP and G protein signaling, role of cAMP-dependant protein kinase
(PKA) in mediating effects of cAMP, Inositol phospholipids signaling pathway, Ca2+ as a intracellular messenger,
role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependantprotein kinases in mediating actions of Ca2+, desensitization of G-protein-
linked receptors. Signaling through enzyme-linked cell surface receptors: Receptor tyrosine kinases, docking sits
for proteins, Activation of Ras, Ras cycles between active and inactive states, signals from activated Ras to a
cascade of protein kinases including MAP-kinases, PI 3-kinase/ protein kinase B signaling pathway, Insulin
receptor acts through PI 3-kinase pathway, Cytokine receptors and the JAK-STAT pathway, Two component
signaling pathway of bacterial chemotaxis. Signaling pathways that depends on regulated proteolysis: Activation of
Notch receptor by cleavage, binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled receptors, stressful and proinflammatory stimuli act
through NF-kB dependant signaling pathway. TGFß signaling receptors: Activated type I TGFß receptors
phosphorylate Smad transcription factors, Smad signaling via negative feedback loop, TGFß signaling and
abnormal cell proliferation. Environmental approaches of signal-induced responses: Evolutionary conservation and
proliferation of genes encoding signals and regulators. Protein microarrays for monitoring cell responses, Cellular
response by oxygen deprivation.
Books recommended:
1. Molecular Biotechnology. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. 2003. ASM Press, USA.
2. DNA cloning 1 and 2. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. IRL Press (Oxford University Press, USA).
5. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th edition). Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Walter.
6. Molecular Cell Biology (5th edition). Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipersky and Darnell.
7. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition). Nelson and Cox.
8. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Watson, Baker, Bell.
GEN 430 STUDY TOUR

4 Hours/week 1 Credits
GEN 433 HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS AND DIAGNOSTICS

Chromosomal abnormalities and Syndrome: Structural chromosomal abnormalities, Numerical chromosomal
abnormalities, Cri-du-chat syndrome, down syndrome, turner syndrome, klinefelts syndrome, XY female and XX
males. Genetic Diseases: Metabolic disorders, Genetics of the diseases of the Gastrointestinal system, detection of
mutations in human genes. Genetic aspect of diseases of aging. Heredity methaemoglobinaemia: Genetics of blood
group antigen, genetics of hemoglobin, disease of coagulation of blood, hereditary hemolytic anemia, disease
affection thyroid hormone, human growth hormone. Human gene therapy: Ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy; Viral
gene delivery systems; pro-drug activation therapy; Nucleic acid therapeutic agents; Oligonucleotide correction of
genetic conditions and genetic counseling. Pharmacogenetics: Gene tests to guide drug therapy, who stands to
benefit from a certain drug or be harmed by it. Cancer Genetics: Cell biology and genetics of cancer, types of
tumors, characteristics of cancer cells, how a cell becomes cancerous, origin of cancer. Cloning of human disease
genes – Detection of mutations in human genes; Functional gene cloning; Candidate gene cloning; positional gene
cloning.
Molecular Diagnostics: Multiplex PCR: Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, abnormal mucus clearance, pancreatic
insufficiency, abnormal salt transport, infertility in males. ARMS-PCR: Detection of β-
Thalassemia mutation. FMR-1 Gene Trinucleotide Repeat Analysis: Detection of Fragile X
Syndrome. Mental retardation, long faces, large ear, prominent jaws, post-pubertal
macroorchidism. Genomic Southern Hybridization: Detection of Philadelphia chromosome; acute
leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) DNA Microarrays/DNA Chips/Gene
Chips: Basic concept, design and applications.
Books Recommended:
1. Niyogi, A. K. and Srivastava, H. C., Human Genetics.
2. Singer. Human Genetics.
3. Mange. Human Genetics Basic.
4. Mandal, I. S. Fundamental of Human Genetics.
5. Dhar, P. K., Human Genetics.
GEN 435 RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Enzymes: Restriction enzyme, DNA polymerase, ligase, kinase, phosphatase, reverse transcriptase, exonuclease,
ribonuclease, Proteinase. Cloning Vectors: Plasmid, cosmid, phage, phagemid, transponson etc. Gene Cloning:
Isolation of mRNA and construction of cDNA library and genomic library, Screening of gene libraries by PCR,
DNA hybridization, colony hybridization, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, immunoscreening assay and
protein activity. Labelling of Nucleic Acids: Radioactive and non-radioactive labelling techniques, nick translation,
end labelling, primer extension. Prokaryotic Transformation: Transferring DNA into E. coli, chemical induction
and electroporation. Marker Genes: Selectable, screenable and nonantibiotic markers. DNA Delivery: Direct and
indirect methods; through physical, chemical and biological processes. Gene Expression in Prokaryotes: Tissue
specific promoter wound inducible promoters, strong and regulatable promoters; increasing protein production;
fusion proteins; translation expression vectors; DNA integration into bacterial genome; increasing secretions.
Protein/enzyme purification, characterization and crystallization. Recombinant protein production in yeast:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression systems; S. cerevisiae vectors
Books Recommended:
1. Brown, T.A. 1998. Recombinant DNA. Academic Press, London.
2. Cowell, I.G. and C.A. Austin. 1997. cDNA Library Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
3. Cunningham, C. and A.J.R. Porter. Recombinant Proteins form Plants. Humana Press, New Jersey.
4. Draper, J., R. Scott and P. Armttage. 1988. Plant Genetic Transformation and Gene Expression. Black Well
Scientific Pub., London.
5. Glick, B.R. and J.J. Pasternak. 1988. Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press, USA
6. Glover, D.M. and B.D. Hames. 1995. DNA Cloning 1 and 2, IRL Press, USA.
7. Old, R W and S.B. Primrose. 1989. Principles of Gene Manipulation. Blackwell Sci Pub.
8. Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis. 1999. Molecular Cloning. Cold Spring Harbor Press.
GEN 437 GMO AND BIOSAFETY REGULATION

GMO: Definition, common mechanism of GMO, Production of transgenic plant, animal and microbes, merits and
demerits of using GMO, Present research on GMO. Risk for animal or human health - toxicity and food
quality/safety, allergies, pathogen drug resistance (antibiotic resistance). Risk for agriculture - weeds or
superweeds, alteration of nutritional value (attractiveness of the organism to the pests), reduction of cultivars
(increase of susceptibility) and loss of biodiversity. Risk for the environment - Persistancy of gene or transgene or
transgene products, resistance/tolerance of target organism or susceptibility of non-target organisms, increased use
of chemicals in agriculture, unpredictable gene expression or transgene instability. GMO Debate: Ethics and issues
regarding genetically modified organisms. Religious and social acceptance of GMOs. Biosafety regulations:
protect nature, growers and consumers interest and national interest. Cartigena protocol.
Books recommended:
1. Modern Food Biotechnology, Human Health & Development: An Evidence Based Study. Food Safety
Department, World Health Organization. 2005
2. Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and the Environemnt: Assessing risk and benefits. Maurizio
G. Paoletti and David Pimentel. http:\\www.ag.auburn.edu/biotech/genetic.html.
3. The Ecological Risks of Engineered Crops. Rissler, J. and Mellon, M., 1996. Cambridge, USA:
The MIT Press.
GEN 439 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

Environmental Biology and Man: The Future of Biosphere: (a) Global Climate Changes: Changes in atmosphere,
Increase of CO2: The greenhouse effect; The rise of temperature; Ozone hole; Impact on living beings;
Commenting on El Nino and oscillations in world’s climate; Desertification as affected by climate changes (b)
Social Forestry and Agroforestry: Threatening issues in forest cover depletion; Desertification due to overgrazing;
the tragedy of Chernobyl; Challenges and approaches; (c) Environment and Organismal health: Pollution of air,
water and soil and their mitigation; Acid rain; Transfer of harmful compounds through ecosystems. The nuclear
winter: The biological consequences. Recalcitrant Molecules: Recalcitrant molecules in the environment.
Characterization of microbial activity and the biodegradation of recalcitrant substances including pesticides in soil.
Microbial interactions with xenobiotics and inorganic pollutants. Persistence and biomagnification of xenobiotic
molecules. Biodeterioration of materials and their control. Soil and Water: Bioremediation of contaminated soil
and water bodies. Water treatment system and measurement of treatment efficiency. Recent advances in culturable
and non-culturable approaches for the detection of pathogens in potatble water. Effluent treatment plant. Some
Approaches: Application of biosensors for the detection of environmental pollutants, isolation and enrichment of
microorganisms capable of detoxifying environmental pollutants, waste management, environmental and
biotechnological approaches, and Biogas production. Biology and Future of Man: New application of biological
sciences towards human welfare. Human population growth. When we began sidesteping ? Control of human
fertility; Ethical considerations; Possible means of birth control, Invitro fertilization, Eugenics, Guarding the genetic
quality of man. Future of Homo sapiens
Books recommended:
1. Handler, P. 1970, Biology and the Future of Man., Oxford University Press. U.K.
2. Watson, J.D. and Tooze, J. 1981. DNA Story. W.H. Freeman and Comapany N.Y.
3. Ricklef, R.E. 1990. Ecology . W.H. Freeman and Comapany N.Y.
4. Freefelder, D. 1985. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi.
5. Kjellssion, G., V. Simonsen, and K. Ammann. 1997. Methods for Risk Assessment of Transgenic Plants.
Birkhauser Verlag, Germany.
6. Purohit, S.S, and S.K. Mathur. 1996. Biotechnology. Agro’s Botanical Publishers, India.
7. Modern Food Biotechnology, Human Health & Development: An Evidence Based Study. Food Safety
Department, World Health Organization. 2005
GEN 440 PROJECT+ SEMINER


2Hours/week 2 Credits

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School of Life Sciences

Class participation : 10%

Numerical Grade Letter Grade Grade Point

First Year Semester I

Second Year Semester I

Second Year Semester II

Third Year Semester I

Third Year Semester II

Fourth Year Semester I

Fourth Year Semester II

GEN 121 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

GEN 123 CYTOLOGY

GEN 124 CYTOLOGY LAB

GEN 125 BASIC BIOLOGY

1. Datta, A. C., : Botany for Degree Students.

CHE 101G GENERAL CHEMISTRY

CHE 102G GENERAL CHEMISTRY LAB

ENG 101 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-I

ENG 102 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-I LAB

GEN 127 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY

GEN 128 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

1. Preparation of Buffer solution

GEN 129 FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOILOGY

GEN 131 PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING ORGANISM

GEN 132 PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVING ORGANISM LAB.

ENG 103 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-II

ENG-104 ENGLISH LANGUAGE-II LAB

CSE 102S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER APPLICATION LAB

GEN 134 FIELD WORK

GEN 100 GENERAL VIVA VOCE

GEN 221 MOLECULAR GENETICS

GEN 222 MOLECULAR GENETICS LAB

GEN 223 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

GEN 224 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY LAB

GEN 225 CYTOGENETICS

GEN 226 CYTOGENETICS LAB

GEN 227 ENZYMES AND BIOENERGETICS

GEN 228 ENZYMES AND BIOENERGETICS LAB

GEN 229 BIOSTATISTICS

GEN 230 BIOSTATISTICS LAB

PHY 215 BIOPHYSICS

GEN 231 METABOLISM AND METABOLIC REGULATION

GEN 233 MICROBIAL GENETICS

GEN 234 MICROBIAL GENETICS LAB

GEN 235 CONCEPTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

GEN 337 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

GEN 338 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LAB.

CSE 203S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LANGUAGE

CSE 204S INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER LANGUAGE LAB

ECO 103A PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

GEN 238 FIELD WORK

GEN 200 GENERAL VIVA VOCE

GEN 321 ANIMAL ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTION

GEN 322 ANIMAL ANATOMY AND REPRODUCTION LAB.

GEN 323 PLANT TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE

GEN 324 PLANT TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE LAB

GEN 327 IMMUNOLOGY

GEN 328 IMMUNOLOGY LAB

GEN 329 QUANTITATIVE AND POPULATION GENETICS

GEN 331 GENETIC ENGINEERING

GEN 332 GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB

GEN 333 ANIMAL TISSUE AND CELL CULTURE