IC 7805

DEC 3, 2020 NILABHA DAS

THRUSTMIT TP AVIONICS

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 IC 7805

The IC 7805 is a commonly used voltage regulator.

A voltage regulator is a system designed to always maintain a set voltage level in a circuit’s output. This
comes in handy when the input suffers voltage surges resulting in not variable voltage outputs which might be
dangerous for components. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it provides. 7805 IC provides +5
volts regulated power supply with provisions to add a heat sink.

Construction
The IC7805 is a three-pin voltage regulator, with the individual pin
functions being as follows: -

In this pin of the IC unregulated voltage

1 INPUT Input voltage (7V-35V)
is put in.
The ground pin, the other two put it at
2 GROUND Ground (0V)
reference zero.
The output of the regulated 5V volt is
Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-
3 OUTPUT taken out at this pin of the IC
5.2V)
regulator.

The difference between the input(variable) and output voltage (fixed at 5V) is released as heat. The greater
the difference between the input and output voltage, more is the heat generated. Thus, a heat sink is
provided with the IC.

Inside IC7805

The heart of the 7805 IC is a transistor (Q16) that controls the

current between the input and output and thus controlling the
output voltage. The bandgap reference (yellow) keeps the voltage
stable. It takes the scaled output voltage as input (Q1 and Q6) and
provides an error signal (to Q7) for indication if the voltage is too
high or low. The key task of the bandgap is to provide a stable and
accurate reference, even as the chip’s temperature changes.

2
 IC 7805

Using 7805 in a Circuit

A transformer and rectifier first convert AC

into DC pulses, into a constant signal, which
is done by a capacitive filter that reduces any
AC ripple that might still exist. The
unregulated voltage enters the IC and is
transformed to regulated 5V DC along with
the loss of some heat.

Disadvantages of IC 7805

1. The input voltage always has to be above the output set voltage, typically by 2.5 V, this can be an issue
when there is downward flux of the input voltage.
2. The IC is not very efficient and tends to heat up.
3. There is a good chance of the IC getting damaged in case an over surge happens.

Applications of IC7805

7805 IC is used in a wide range of circuits. The major ones being:

• Fixed-Output Regulator
• Positive Regulator in Negative Configuration
• Adjustable Output Regulator
• Current Regulator
• Adjustable DC Voltage Regulator
• Regulated Dual-Supply
• Output Polarity-Reversal-Protection Circuit
• Reverse bias projection Circuit

It may be used in the ignition mechanism in the circuit of the lighting match.