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DEFINITION / EXPLANATION
1. ________________ is a comprehensive term used to describe _________.
2. _________________, in its generally accepted sense, refers to ….
3. … It is a safeguard and guarantee provided by the 1987 Constitution..
4. … It is a kind of relief granted to a ______________ by the …
5. ________________ is a branch of public law (or private law) which deals with..
6. It pertains to…
7. It connotes a ….
8. … is a doctrine in (i.e. Civil Law) which refers to…
9. … is a principle in (i.e. Criminal Law) which states that…
10. It presupposes…
11. Its principal identifying feature is..
12. It is akin to…
13. The function of which is to…
14. The office of which is to…
ENUMERATION
1. In capsule form, the following are the elements of the crime of
In a nutshell, the following are the elements of the crime of
The following elements are generally considered in the determination of the presence
of (i.e. employer-employee relationship)
Among the (i.e. defenses/remedies) available to (i.e. Mr. X) as provided for by/in the
(i.e. Civil Code) are:
(1)…
(2)…
5. The following are the requisites for…
6. In order that a case for (i.e. B.P. 22) to prosper, the following elements must be
attendant/present:
7. To constitute (i.e. homicide), the following requisites must concur:
8. (i.e. Legal compensation) requires the concurrence of the following conditions:
9. To establish a person’s culpability under (i.e. estafa), it is indispensable that…
* Tips on answers that require enumerating something. (i.e. elements). If you can enumerate all, write it
in bulleted or numbered form to highlight the fact that you know all of them and for more
convenient-reading purposes. If you cannot enumerate all, write it in paragraph form so that it
would not easily be noticeable that you missed something.
DISTINCTION
When being asked to distinguish, do not state its definition. If you give its definition, you are in effect
asking the examiner to extract out the differences of the two [or more] from your definition. Do not
also give their similarities. You are asked to differentiate and contrast, so similarities are not included.
The number of distinctions you will give must also be proportionate on the points allotted for such. If it
is only worth two points, do not give 8 distinctions. The examiner cannot give you 8 points for that….
For a two point distinction question, perhaps, three would be enough (four is not too much ).
1. The (i.e. two) may be distinguished from each other in the followings ways:
2. In the first, it is necessary that there be….., whereas in the second it is sufficient that
there be ….
3. In the former, … while in the latter…
4. The former requires … while the latter…
5. … on the other hand ______________ is…
JURISDICTION
1. The case is beyond the ambit of the jurisdiction of the (i.e. Regional Trial Court)
2. It is within the ambit of the (i.e. Secretary of Labor’s) power.
3. It is not within the province of the (i.e. Municipal Trial Court)
4. It is clearly within the powers of the (i.e. Labor Arbiter) to…
5. The case of (i.e. ejectment) lies with the Municipal Trial Court.
6. The case is cognizable by the (i.e. Regional Trial Court)
7. The case is covered by the (Rules on Summary Procedure).
8. The law vests upon the (i.e. Secretary of Justice) the power to…
ELABORATING/EXPOUNDING ANSWERS
Go straight to the point. The length of answers and expounding the same, must always be proportionate
to the points allotted for such particular question. The higher the points, the more in-depth the
elaboration should be. However, it must not appear “na nambobola ka na”. Sometimes, if your answer
is too long, it is an indication that you are not sure of the answer so there is that need of getting around
the bush. Remember that most of the times, MORE TALK, MORE MISTAKE!!!
REFERRING BACK TO THE CASE (correlating the facts with the law/jurisprudence)
Note: In my personal opinion, it is not proper to use the statements “in the case at bench” or “in the
case at bar” when answering. Although I guess it is very tempting because it sounds good and
professional to state, “in the case at bar/bench”, we must not forget that the cases given in the Bar
are only theoretical. The statements “in the case at bench” and “in the case at bar” are more
appropriately used in pleadings in court. After all, you can use the statements “In the instant case, In
the facts given, In the problem given and In the question presented.”
CONCLUDING WORDS
1. From the gamut of evidence on hand, it can be gathered/deduced that,…
2. Taken all together,…
3. Finally, …
4. Hence, …
5. Therefore, …
6. From the foregoing, it can be deduced that there is really (i.e. a violation of…)
7. From the foregoing, it is now safe to conclude that….
8. Lastly, …
9. Consequently,…
10. As a necessary consequence…
11. The logical implication is that…
12. At any rate,…
13. In view of the foregoing,…
14. As an inevitable conclusion,…
15. In the light of the circumstances,…
16. Undoubtedly,…
17. Indubitably,…
18. Clearly, the case at hand falls squarely within the purview of…
19. Verily, he/she has committed…
20. For this/these reason/s, it is unavoidable to conclude that…
21. Based on the facts obtaining,…
22. In this light,…
23. This being the case…
24. Clearly therefore, applying the aforecited ruling in the case at hand,…
25. In light of the foregoing, it is beyond cavil (doubt) that,…
26. There is no doubt that…
27. To the unprejudiced mind, the actuations of the three, when analyzed and taken
together, leads to no other conclusion except that (i.e. conspiracy among them
existed)
28. Inescapably, therefore,…
29. All things considered,…
30. It follows therefore that…
31. As a logical result…
32. In sum,..
33. In view of the fact that…,
34. All told,…
35. Given the prevailing facts…
36. Having stated the foregoing premises,…
37. One final point,…
38. Accordingly,…
39. Ergo
• Always pray before and after studying.
• Turn off your cellular phones. (Turn it on only during your break). Most or a significant part of
our time reviewing is sometimes spent on non-sense (or not so important) texting-
replying-texting-replying. There is a time for everything. But when you review, avoid
interruptions. Cellular phone, believe me, is one of the major interruptions. Although it is
hard, why not sacrifice a little for the sake of being a lawyer.
• Believe in yourself. If you will not, then who do you expect would believe in you. • Choose a
study buddy if you want. But sometimes it is better that you do not have one. More study
buddies, more interruptions (more kwento). Without you knowing it, “tapos na araw or
BAR na).
• Before starting your review, be sure that the tension has already subsided. (Specifically
starting the month of July when tensions really soars high for most Bar candidates) Bear
in mind that we can comprehend more if we are in a relaxed state of mind.
• Set your own pace. Do not compare your pace with others (like asking others, “ilang reading
ka na?”) This is not a rat race. Quality reading (studying/reviewing actually) is what is
needed. Bar does not dwell on the amount of pages/books you have read, it is more of how
much you have mastered.
• Do not memorize without comprehending. When mental block occurs, you cannot recall even
a single thing. Moreover, in applying the law in a given theoretical case problem, for sure
you can hardly answer the same if you have memorized without understanding.
• Do not highlight the entire reviewer. Sometimes, the problem with highlighting is that it
becomes our security blanket that we have read and understood what we have read. But
more often, we have not.
• When you have a query or some matters in mind that needs clarification, just write it in a piece
of paper, pag marami na, ask it to a professor you believe is competent in that field. Don’t
ask your co-barristers. It might only end in a debate and waste of time, when no reliable
answer is concluded. Remember, time is precious during the pre-bar review.
• Set one day for recreations alone. It could rejuvenate your energy and create hunger for review
the following day.
• Attend to the needs of your entire being. Physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually. This
will also help you avoid being exhausted in the review.
• Take vitamins and take your meals on time.
• Do not forget your test permits, Supreme Court color coded Identification card, and other
pertinent documents/things as required in the letter coming from the SC allowing you to
take the Bar.
• Bring a watch with you to keep you updated of the time left.
• Never be tempted to cheat.
• Keep your focus.
• Carefully read and comprehend the instructions and questions.
• Answer one at a time.
• Answer straight to the point.
• Be responsive to the question.
• Answer only what is being asked.
• Though it is tempting to showcase your knowledge, do not over elaborate.
• Avoid erasures.
• Do not hurry at the expense of substance (and readability) of your answers.
• Leave a space before starting a new paragraph.
• Review your answers.
• Scan your booklet before submitting the same.
• Be sure you have not left any question unanswered.
• Bring extra sign/fountain pens.
• Observe proper margin.