Assignment #01

Subject Intro. To computing

Submitted by Muhammad Abdullah

Regd. NO.; Meen-19111067

Submitted To Engr.Usman Munir

Submition Date 26-11-2020

Checked by -------- Grade------

 Assignment No. 1
a- There are five generations of computers, Write about the technological
transformations which are associated with each generation of computer.
Different generations of computers;
;

 First Generation (1940-1956)

Everything started with vacuum tubes. These were widely used in the first computer
systems for circuitry, while magnetic drums were used for memory. 
As you’re most likely aware, these first computers were huge, and would quite often
take up an entire room.
 Second Generation (1956-1963)
Next, there was the introduction of transistors, which came in to replace vacuum
tubes. The creation came about at Bell Labs in 1947, although they weren’t
commonly used in computers until the late 1950s.
. 
 Third Generation (1964-1971)
Computers were where we saw the introduction of integrated circuits (IC), which are
still in use today. These reduced the size of the computer even more than the
second generation and, again, sped things up. 
 Fourth Generation (1971-2010)
In the fourth generation of computers, the invention of the microprocessor
(commonly known as CPU) helped to get computers to the desk and, later, lap-size
that we still know and use today. 
Not only do we have monitors and keyboards, at this time, but also mice and,
eventually, handheld devices like cell phones.
 Fifth Generation (Present Day)
Although we are still using technology from the fourth generation of information
technology, we are now going into a new age: the fifth generation. 
The biggest thing to date is the introduction of artificial technology (AI) and features
such as Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa. AI is constantly adapting and, moving
forward, is expected to become more tailored towards individual business needs. 
The hope, as this generation progresses, is that computers can begin to learn self-
organization, which sounds pretty appealing if organization isn’t something that
comes naturally to you!

b- CPU has three parts:

– Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU)

– Control Unit

– Input / Output Unit (I/O)

What are the main functions performed by each part

 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

 1. Arithmetic Section
Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex operations are done by making
repetitive use of the above operations.
2. Logic Section
Function of logic section is to perform logic operations such as comparing,
selecting, matching, and merging of data.

 Control unit 
The control unit (CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU)
that directs the operation of the processor. It tells the computer's memory,
arithmetic and logic unit and input and output devices how to respond to the
instructions that have been sent to the processor.
 Input / Output Unit (I/O)
The term I/O is used to describe any program, operation or device that transfers data
to or from a computer and to or from a peripheral device.. Devices such as
keyboards and mouses are input-only devices while devices such as printers are
output-only. A writable CD-ROM is both an input and an output device.

C. Write a C++ program that may ask the user to enter the values of mass and
velocity and compute Kinetic Energy. It should also prompt the user to enter
values in SI units and also mention the units of the computed Kinetic Energy.

Input programme,
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int mass,velocity,ke;
cout<<"Enter Vaue of Mass in SI unit = ";
cin>>mass;
cout<<"Enter value of Velocity in SI unit = ";
cin>>velocity;
ke=0.5*mass*velocity*velocity;
cout<<"KINETIC ENERGY = "<<ke<<"kg m2/s2";
return 0;
}