OmniScan MX2 Training Program

Phased Array Analysis

Flaw Depth and Height Sizing
OmniScan MX2 Training – Analysis – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing Cursors
In a typical weld inspection, flaw depth and height sizing is performed on the UT axis
using the A-scan, B-scan, and S-scan.
The three cursors used for flaw depth and height sizing are:
– Data cursor. Used to visualize the A-scan and S-scan at a given position on the scan axis.
– UT axis reference cursor. U(r)
– UT axis measure cursor. U(m)

UT axis
Reference cursor

Reference cursor
UT axis

Measure cursor

Measure cursor

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing Cursors cont.
How many cursors are available
in the OmniScan MX2 software?
A. 13
B. 12
C. 9
D. 6
E. 3
The 3 available cursors are:
– Data cursor. (Blue)
– Reference cursor. (Red)
– Measure cursor. (Green)
The data cursor appears on the
S-scan, B-scan, and C-scan and
is selectable for angle\focal law
and scan axis position.
A-scan = UT vs. amplitude axis.
The reference and measure
cursors are linked for the group S-scan = UT vs. index axis.
and available in each axis of each B-scan = UT vs. scan axis.
data view (UT, scan, index, and C-scan = scan vs. index axis or
amplitude) and may be turned on focal law.
or off as desired.
(Display>Overlay>Cursors>Off)
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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing Cursors cont.
How many total cursors are available in the OmniScan MX2 software?
A. 13
B. 12
C. 9
D. 6
E. 3

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OmniScan MX2 Training –Flaw Depth\Height Sizing Readings
The readings associated with flaw depth and height sizing are:
– U(r) Position of the reference cursor on the UT axis.
– U(m) Position of the measurement cursor on the UT axis.
– U(m-r) The delta between the UT axis reference and measurement cursor.
In the ID crack example below, the UT axis red reference cursor is placed on the
deepest diffracted crack tip signal (21.39mm) and the green measure cursor on the
component ID (25mm).
The U(m-r) reading indicates the through wall dimension of the crack. (3.61mm)

Reference cursor
3.61mm

Measure cursor

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OmniScan MX2 Training –Flaw Depth\Height Sizing Readings cont.
In the example of side wall lack of fusion (SWLF) below, the flaw through wall
dimension or height was determined using a dB drop technique.
The maximum amplitude position was detected on the 53.3 degree focal law at a
depth of 13.58mm.
Using the data cursor or color palette, the reference and measurement the UT axis
cursors are positioned at -3dB of maximum for a through wall dimension of 3.64mm.
Different bevel geometry will
result in the need to adjust or
adapt the sizing procedure to
the application at hand.
-3, -6 or any amplitude drop
technique is dependent on a
proper sensitivity calibration Reference cursor
and data that is not saturated. 3.64mm

Again, where height sizing of Measure cursor

+\- 1mm is required the use of

a supplemental TOFD
channel is extremely helpful.
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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing – Angle Resolution
The ability to both size and characterize flaws is dependent on the on the
inspection strategy with regard to probe frequency, angle resolution (.5, 1, 2
degrees), probe aperture, beam focus (Near field), UT axis point quantity.
This is especially important in a line scan from one index position where the probe
cannot be skewed and repositioned for flaw signal optimization.

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Depth\Height Sizing – Angle Resolution cont.

The two groups below

demonstrate the benefit of a high
element count (32) high
resolution S-scan (.2 degrees),
focused beam.
Both configurations detect the tip
diffracted signals from both
corners of the 1mm X 10mm
deep notch.
The ability to clearly identify the
center of the energy for a
precision measurement is much
improved with the 32 element
5 MHz, 32 X .6mm 5 MHz, 16 X .6mm
high angular resolution group. Focus = 10 Focus = 10
.2 degree S-scan 1 degree S-scan

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Depth\Height Sizing – Angle Resolution cont.
Similarly to the UT and scan axis cursors, the index axis cursors are available for
measurement of individual flaw width or multiple flaw separation.
Relative readings are: I(r), I(m), and I(m-r). (40.21mm-39.21mm = 1mm)
In the example below, the ability to measure the width of the notch using the
diffracted corner signals is greatly improved by high element count, high S-scan
angle resolution (.2 degrees), and beam focusing at the notch depth.

1mm

10mm

Index axis

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing – Tip Diffraction
The shear wave dip diffraction technique is commonly used for crack detection and
sizing and is not dependent on amplitude.
Low level signals can indicate crack tips and in greatly assist in precision
measurement, even if not noticeable in the C-scan.
Move the data cursor while visualizing the S-scan and use the UT axis cursor to
establish the deepest detected crack tip. (Pictured below at 7.96mm deep
measured from the OD, and 4.54mm as measured from the ID)

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OmniScan MX2 Training –– Flaw Depth\Height Sizing U*I(m-r) Reading
When the actual flaw length or diagonal dimension is required as opposed to its
length and height relative to the pipe surface, scan, or UT axis, it is measured
using the U*I(m-r) reading as pictured below.

U(m-r) = U*I(m-r) =
7.41mm 9.25mm

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing – A-scan Envelope
Saving the MX2 data file with the A-scan envelope enabled assists in peaking crack
tips for precision measurement.
Visualize the UT axis reference cursor in the S-scan positioned at 12.42mm while
manipulating the data cursor on the scan axis. Find the deepest tip signal that can
clearly be differentiated from background noise.
With the focal law displayed on the A-scan (60.5 degrees), peak the signal using the
envelope and measure with the cursor in the center of the energy. (12.42mm below)

Measure the center of the

energy at the peaked position.
Do not attempt to read the
scales. Use gate readings and
cursors for precision
measurements and flaw
reporting.

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing – ID Creeping Wave
In the example below, a phased array version of a WSY creeping wave inspection
was performed with a 55-72 degree S-scan on the clock (No encoder) for depth and
height sizing of an ID connected crack.
10L32-A1 probe SA1N60L wedge KK WSY and Panametrics CTS
The 70 L-wave is peaked at
7.77mm in gate B for the through
wall dimension of the deepest crack
tip. (DB reading) Scan axis clock scan
CE1 (Collateral echo 1) is the mode
converted shear wave signal (30-
70-70) that is skipping into the crack
on the second leg.
L-wave crack tip signal
CE2 (Collateral echo 2) when
present indicates that the crack is
connected to the inner surface.
Precision wedge delay calibration is CE2
L-wave
necessary for precision crack tip Crack tip signals
measurement.
CE1
5L64-A2 probe SA2N60L wedge

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OmniScan MX2 Training – Analysis – Flaw Depth\Height Sizing cont.
Similarly to length sizing, where precision depth and height sizing is required, use
of TOFD to compliment amplitude based phased array inspections is extremely
helpful when the probe cannot be skewed and repositioned for signal
optimization due to the one line scan acquisition.

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