Standardization of potentiometer

Sensitivity of potentiometer
 Voltmeter Potentiometer
It’s resistance is high but Its resistance is infinite
finite
It draws some current from It does not draw any current
source of emf from the source of unknown
emf
The potential difference The potential difference
measured by it is lesser than measured by it is equal to
the actual potential actual potential difference
difference
Its sensitivity is low Its sensitivity is high
It is a versatile instrument It measures only emf or
potential difference
It is based on deflection It is based on zero deflection
method method
 To determine the internal
resistance of a primary cell
All electrons in the atom are not capable of motion. Only a few which
have little higher level of energy leave their orbit and are capable of
moving around. These electrons are called “free electrons”. These free
electrons are in very large quantity 10^29 m-3 in free metals. Due to
temperature and thermal energy They have a thermal velocity 10^5 ms-1
. This velocity is in all directions and of magnitudes varying from zero to
maximum. Due to large number of electrons we can assume that vector
sum of thermal velocities at any instant is zero.
Drift Velocity :When Electric Field is
applied across a conductor, the free
electrons experience a force in the
direction opposite to field. Due to this force
they start drifting in the direction of force.
The Velocity of this drift is
called drift velocity “Vd”. During the drift
they maintain their thermal velocity.
The drift velocity can be calculated as
averaged velocity of all the electrons
drifting.