AC

. с. ШАХ-НАЗАРОВА, Т. Г. ШЕЛКОВА
Л. Г. ПАМУХИНА, В

БЕЗ НИХ
__ НЕ ОБОЙТИСЬ
В АНГЛИЙСКОЙ _,
РАЗГОВОРНОЙ РЕЧИ

Л Ь С Т В О .МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ,
ИЗДАТЕ
М о с к в а • 1 9 6 9
 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

В последние годы как английские, так и советские

исследователи английского языка уделяют большое вни-
мание изучению сочетаний глаголов с адвербиальными
частицами. Эти сочетания все шире употребляются в раз-
говорной речи, чему способствует по-видимому эмоцио-
нальный характер этих сочетаний. Без знания этих
сочетаний невозможно понять речь носителей языка, а
речь иностранца, не владеющего этими сочетаниями,
будет звучать неестественно, и, пожалуй, даже высоко-
парно.
Во многих грамматиках английского языка для ино-
странцев, изданных в последние годы в Англии, гла-
гольно-адвербиальные сочетания выделены в специальный
раздел1. Авторы учебников английского языка для ино-
странцев также выделяют эти сочетания и уделяют им
большое место в системе упражнений 2 .
Советские исследователи в последнее время уделяют
все большее внимание изучению этих сочетаний. Вышли
в два практических пособия: С. Б. Бе.рлизон, «Сочетания
типа make up, make for в английском языке», представ-
ляющее собой словарь-справочник, включающий довольно
большую группу глаголов с их адвербиально-предлож-
ными частицами, и первая часть пособия Барской Д. И.
и Зеволянской Г. Г. «Английские слова и их употреб-

1
A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar
for Foreign Students, London, 1964, \V. Stannard Allen, Living Eng-
lish Structure, London, 1964, S. Pit Corder, An Intermediate English
Practice Book, London, 1964, B. D. Graver, Advanced English Practice,
London,
8
1965.
E. Frank Candlin, Present Day English for Foreign Students,
7-1-4 Books 1, 2, 3, London, 1965, A. S. Hornby, Oxford Progressive English
74-68 for Adult Learners, Books 1—3, London, 1958.

.ЧНЖ-
fe
I ление» 1 , в котором авторы рассматривают сочетания
прилагательных и глаголов с предлогами, а также разно-
образные сочетания предлогов с другими частями речи.
.всего семьдесят пять авторов).
Настоящая работа представляет собой учебное пособие
для лиц, совершенствующихся в английском языке и
ставящих себе целью развитие навыка практического вла-
дения им. Оно может быть использовано также студен-
тами институтов и факультетов иностранных языков и
преподавателями английского языка средней школы.
Авторами отобраны наиболее употребительные адвер-
биально-предложные сочетания двадцати шести англий-
ских глаголов. Поскольку авторы данного пособия ста-
вили перед собой чисто практическую задачу, они не
останавливались на вопросе о природе и сущности второго
компонента.
Многие глагольно-адвербиальные сочетания много-
значны, что подчас затрудняет понимание их смысла.
(Например, The button has come off. Пуговица оторвалась.
The meeting has come off well. Собрание прошло хорошо.)
Поэтому авторы старались более четко разграничить зна-
чения словосочетаний и проиллюстрировать их приме-
рами из оригинальной литературы.
Отдельные широко известные глагольно-адвербиаль-
ные сочетания, такие как come in, come up и др., в
пособии не приводятся, поскольку авторы считают, что
учащиеся владеют ими свободно.
Структура пособия. Адвербиально-предложные соче-
тания каждого из приводимых в пособии английских гла-
голов составляют раздел. Эти сочетания даются в алфа-
витном порядке, значения их поясняются на русском
и английском языках и иллюстрируются примерами. За
списком глагольных сочетаний в каждом разделе следует
специальная система упражнений, ставящая целью разви-
тие навыка владения этими сочетаниями в устной речи.
Упражнение I иллюстрирует употребление рассматри-
ваемых словосочетаний в речи. Все предложения этого
упражнения взяты из художественных произведений сов-
ременных английских и американских авторов (A. Cronin,
1
С. Б. Б е р л и з о н , Сочетания типа make up, make for в анг-
лийском языке, М.—Л., Изд-во «Просвещение», 1964; D. J. Barskaya,
G. G. Zavolyanskaya, Words and How to Use Them, Book 1, Lvov
University Press, 1965.
W. Faulkner, E. Forster, G. Greene, Aid. Huxley, J. Joyce,
J. Lindsay, S. Maugham, W. Saroyan, A. Sillitoe и др. —
Вопросы упражнения III построены таким образом,
что учащиеся при ответе на вопрос должны употребить
активизируемые сочетания, причем сами сочетания не
всегда включаются в вопрос.
Начиная с пятого упражнения, учащийся начинает
самостоятельно пользоваться закрепленными в предыду-
щих четырех упражнениях глагольными сочетаниями.
Цель шестого упражнения — научить учащегося обосновать
смысловую ситуацию, в которой может быть употреблено
то или иное высказывание, содержащее сочетание. (На-
пример, Why, you haven't cleared away yet!) Приводя
обоснование, учащийся тем самым сможет более четко
разграничить смысловую сферу употребления сочетаний.
В упражнениях VII и VIII предлагается составить си-
туацию или диалог по данным сочетаниям и предложе-
ниям.
В конце учебного пособия даны ключи к упражнениям
II, IV и IX для того, чтобы работающие с пособием са-
мостоятельно могли бы проверить, правильно ли ими
употреблены активизируемые глагольно-адвербиальные
сочетания. Другие упражнения носят более творческий
характер и поэтому, нам представлялось нецелесообразным
связывать инициативу учащихся одним единственным ва-
риантом. Важно, чтобы правильно было употреблено соот-
ветствующее сочетание; структура предложения и лекси-
ческое наполнение могут быть различными.
Авторы пособия будут считать свою цель достигну-
той, если пособие в какой-то мере поможет учащимся
обогатить свою речь глагольно-адвербиальными сочета-
ниями, сделает ее живой, звучащей действительно по-
английски.
Авторы будут очень признательны за критические за-
мечания, которые можно направлять по адресу: Москва,
И-90, Мещанская, 7, Издательство «Международные отно-
шения».
Авторы
Let
Look
Make
Pass .
Pull
Put
Run
See
Set
Stand
Take .
Turn .
Keys lo Ihe exercises
 BE...

ABOUT быть поблизости, неподалеку to be nearby, to be

in the vicinity, e. g. I have just seen h i m . He must
be somewhere about.
ABOVE быть выше to rise superior, e. g. You should
have been above underhand tricks.
AFTER добиваться чего-л., хотеть получить пли сделать
что-л. to try to get or do smth. e. g. I can never make
him out. I wonder what he is after.
AT заниматься to be busy with, to be doing smth. c. g.
What are you at?
A W A Y отсутствовать, быть в отъезде to be gone, to bo
out of town. e. g. Y o u ' l l have to call again. The di-
rector is away on business.
BACK вернуться to (have) return(ed). e. g. I have to до
out now, but I ' l l be back soon.
BEHIND 1. иметь задолженность to be in arrears, e.g.
I am behind in the rent for my f l a t . 2. опаздывать,
отставать to be late, not to keep up with. e. g. It's
five o'clock and the train is leaving in a quarter of
an hour. I am afraid we are behind. He is behind the
group.
DOWN снижаться, уменьшаться to decrease in amount,
number, price, in tensity, etc. e. g. Don't worry, the
temperature is down now, he is getting over i t . There
were fluctuations in the prices but on the whole they
are down.
DOWN AND OUT сильно нуждаться, быть без средств to
be in a state of poverty, not to have what is necessary
for life. e. g. He is down and out now.
... FOR быть за, поддерживать кого-л. to be in favour of
smth. e. g. I am all for what you say.
... IN быть дома, на работе, в помещении to be at home,
at the office, on the premises, e. g. Is Comrade Orlov
in?
... IN FOR быть в ожидании to expect smth. e. g. We are
in for a cold winter. She is in for a treat.
... OFF 1. уходить to go away. e. g. I must be off. 2. быть
свободным от работы to be free from work. e. g.
I am off for the afternoon today, 3. быть отмененным,
аннулированным to be cancelled, finished, e. g. The
meeting is o f f . 4. быть выключенным to be no longer
on. e. g. The electricity was off yesterday.
... ON 1. быть включенным to be functioning, to be switch-
ed on. e. g. The . l i g h t has been on since 7. 2. про-
исходить, иметь место to be happening, to take place.
e. g. What's on? The e x h i b i t i o n w i l l be on next week.
3. идти, демонстрироваться to be shown (of films,
plays), e. g. There is a good f i l m on at our club.
... OUT 1. раскрываться, стать известным to become known
to be revealed e. g. It's no use trying to keep it back,
The news w i l l be out anyway/ 2. (of) не быть дома,
на работе и т. п. to be away; not to be at home, at
the office, e. g. He is out at the moment. He is out
of Moscow today. 3, (of) испытывать недостаток, не
иметь to be short of smth., to lack smth. e. g. The money
is out. I am out of cigarettes. f 7. " W i l l you be in tomorrow at all?" "I m a y be In
... OUT AND ABOUT поправиться (после болезни), хорошо
себя чувствовать to be well. e. g. I hope she w i l l
be out and about before long.
... UP 1. встать, быть на ногах to be out of bed. e. g.
I am always up at seven o'clock. 2. подняться, до-
стигнуть высокого положения to rise, to be in a high-
er place, position, e. g. The prices are up now. He
is up in the world now. 3. истекать (о сроке), терять
силу (о законе) to expire (of time, holiday, agreement).
e. g. The time is up. 4. случаться, происходить to be
going on. e. g. I'm a f r a i d I can't come today. Some-
thing is up. What's up?
10
UP TO 1. замышлять to play pranks, e. g. W h a t are
the children up to? 2. быть обязательным, зависеть
от to be one's responsibility or duty; to rest w i t h smb.
e. g. It's up to parents to bring up their children prop-
erly. I believe, it's up to them to decide that.
WITH 1. быть вместе с, присоединиться к to be together
with smb., to join smb. e. g. I ' l l be with you in a
minute., 2. поддерживать, не оставлять, соглашаться
to support, e. g. I'll be with you in all your misfor-
tunes.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences.
1. You're entitled to think of him as a man who has
wasted every gift he possesses. I'm with you.
2. The splendour of the afternoon was irresistible-—!
decided I must be up. Was I not practically w e l l again
and able to be about?
3. He realized that he had himself got out of the way
of serving, that he was above it now.
4. I hope you're not up to any mischief your f a t h e r
would disapprove of.
5. What have you been up to? Where have you been?
What will Mamma think?
6. He's been off his work once or twice I know, but I
don't think it was from sickness.
during the morning sometime."
8. I congratulate you, you are in for a treat.
9. What! Your parents are behind the times, my girl?
10. Look sharp now, he's behind time.
11. The dishes we wanted are off the menu and we'll
have to take pot luck.
12. It's up to me to say whether I'll do it or not, let
me tell you.
13. When I, wrote this article on rents I knew t h a t
I was in for trouble.
14. Mrs Mercer stood up to go, it was eight o'clock
and she did not like to be out late, as the night a i r was
bad for her.
11
 15. Well, since you are up, instead of being in bed
a couple of hours ago, you'd better let me in the front
door.
16. I'd better be off. He'll want to seal me up too.
17. She was so off-hand with him that he was afraid
the whole project might be off.
18. "What's up, Jack, my own bird?" he exclaimed
loudly, leaning across and patting him again on the shoulder.
19. The fight was on again. This time Arthur was alone
to face the two khaki men.
20. "I think I know the little game they're at," said
Mr Henchy.
21. Tomorrow is work, and I'll be hard at it, sweating
my guts out until next weekend.
22. At first they were all for that; but thinking it over
they had to agree that there wasn't much sense in it.
23. He hadn't a penny. He'd pawned everything he had.
He was down and out.
24. "Is it snowing again, Mr Conroy?" asked Lily. "Yes,
Lily," he answered, "and I think we're in for a night of it."
25. The wind was up again, prowling for an entry.
26. We are for the workers' interest. I'm all for keeping
the pits open.
27. Mary threw back her head and laughed. "Oh, that's
marvellous! I'm for that, all right."
28. АИ that's a bit above my head, old boy. I see
more or less what you mean.
29. Martin is after career, not culture.
30. The freezer was off; all the food would spoil.
31. He walked past the l i t t l e stall. Soon now tlie train
would be in.
32. Joe had seen her that afternoon after the news
was out.
33. She wanted to be above her family, better than
they; she corrected her father, her mother and her sisters,
Sally especially.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to be w i t h appropriate
particles.
1. The manager is to turn up before long and you'd
better be available for another half an hour. 2. "I admit
being negligent of my work." "Right you are, you should
12
have had more foresight. And what are you doing now?"
3. When Lanny Burton was absolutely broke after all his
mischiefs in life he turned to his namesake for help. 4. Ten-
ants who do not pay the rent in time are just evicted im-
mediately. 5. Why do you get so easily upset over trifles?
You mustn't believe in prejudice. 6. As the case stands now,
he'll certainly back the proposal. 7. If you call in his of-
fice hours he'll certainly be there. 8. You've let him down
several times already, if you do it again you'll have a
poor time. 9. Professor Usher wrote that the party would
not be held because of a previous engagement'. 10. I could
hardly exchange a couple of words with him. A minute
later he was gone. 11. The original arrangement was for
everybody to prepare a number for the party. As far as I
know it has not been called off. 12. As far as I know she
has already recovered. You can phone her and discuss the
matter in detail. 13. The plane had to land in an unknown
region as they had run out of fuel. 14. As a result of the
poor crop of wheat the prices are sure to go up. 15. When
he woke up he saw that Phuong had already got up and
was cooking breakfast. 16. He began to run down every-
thing that was American. "What is he conceiving?" she
thought. 17. "Well, we've been invited to. Yon are 1o de-
cide." 18. After dinner I sat and waited for Pyle in my
room over the. rue Catinat: he had said, "I'll coma to your
place at the latest by ten." 19. You needn't worry over
his absence. He'll be home before the rain starts. 20. It'll
be no use trying to get in touch with him. He will be
gone for two months. 21. Don't try to put him off with
such words. There is no stopping him if he wishes to get
something. 22. The factory went on short time as the de-
mand was low. 23. There's no fear of her letting anything
on. The whole thing has become known. 24. You can't judge
his knowledge by the marks he gets. The standards in this
school are certainly low.
111. Answer these questions.
1. What would you do if you were behind your colleagues
in the common work you were doing?
2. Would you help a person if he were down and out?
How would you do it?
3. Is it easy to get hold of a person if he is about?
13
 4. What would you say about a student who missed
a number of lessons? Would he keep pace with the
group?
5. What advice would you give a person who is easily
upset over trifles?
6. What will you say if you agree with what the speaker
says?
7. What would you say if weather men threatened you
with a storm?
8. Do you always follow announcements to learn before-
hand when a new play is on?
9. In what case would you leave a message for your
friend?
10. Why isn't it convenient to learn that the party is off
on the day it is supposed to be on?
11. What would you say if your friend were "in hot water"?
12. What do you do when you see that children are up to
mischief or a trick?
13. Whom is it up to to teach children manners?
14. Would you give in easily if you were after something?
15. What does a person feel when he is back home after
a long absence?
16. Of what goods sare prices up in winter and down in
summer?
17. What would you do if you didn't want a thing (secret)
to be out?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. He could not bring himself to tell her a lie. The
tiny sweet girl seemed to be . . . deceit. 2. The little chil-
dren were . . . the parents who, deep in quarrel, quite
forgot about them. 3. With great sorrow he learned that
his father had been . . . and . . . the last two years before
his death. 4. Nobody could guess what he would be ... the
next moment. 5. We were ... in submitting our papers
and I believe we shall not be able to obtain visas at such
short notice. 6. All the workers were .. . stopping work
over the dismissal of two shop stewards. 7. "We are . . .
. . . a very tough match," said the goal-keeper of the team.
8. The doctor is . . . now; he is making his rounds.
9. "Is Ann . . . yet?" "Oh, yes, she is an early riser. She's
been ... and . . . since seven." 10. The housewives were
14
complaining that the price of milk was . . . a halfpence
again. 11. Are you going shopping? Will you get me some
sweets? I am sugar. 12. There were clashes be-
tween the brother and sister at times but she was really
.. . him in every serious trouble. 13. When will you be
. . .? I'd like to know just in case somebody rings up.
14. I knew him well enough to guess by the look on his
face that he was something. 15. I've done what
I could. It's you to make a choice now. 16. I'm
so glad strawberries are . . . . I'm going to buy a f u l l basket.
17. He is a single-minded person. You know at once what
he is . . . . 18. Don't make a secret of your plan. The news
has been ... for several days now.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to be down and out; to be behind; to be out and about;
to be up to; to be off, to be on; to be away; to be after
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. I haven't seen him about lately.
2. Do you realize what you're in for?
3. "Is the trip still on?" "No, it's off."
4. I'm sorry, your time is up.
6. You never know when he'll be back.
6. What's he up to this time, I wonder?
VII. Make up situations using the following,
a) To be done orally.
1. My Friend is Taken III
to be in for an operation; to be better; to be out and
about; to be behind; to work hard; to catch up with; to
miss lessons
2. Making Preparations
to make preparations; to be all for; to happen; to learnj
(not) to be back; to be off
3. A Visit to a Friend
to come round; to expect; to be in; to be out; to be
in a hurry; to be off
15
 b) To be done in writing.
Planning an Outing
When w i l l you be off?
I'm all for your plan.
I'll be up at seven.
-We must be back on Sunday evening.
VI!I. Make up a. dialogue using the following:
Discussing a Coming Conference
to be at to be out of
to be on to be off
to be behind to be back
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. Она знала, что отстает от группы, но надеялась
догнать через месяц или два. 2. Трудно представить, что
в последние годы жизни он очень нуждался. 3. Он, дол-
жно быть, где-нибудь поблизости. Поищите его в саду.
4. «Никогда не знаешь, чем займется этот любознательный
ребенок через минуту»,— сказала бабушка сердито. 5. Ве-
роятно, мастер будет за то, чтобы выполнить эту работу
в декабре, и я, со своей стороны, полностью поддержу его.
6. Как жаль, что вас не было, когда я звонил вам. У меня
был лишний билет на фильм «Война и мир», который
сейчас идет в кинотеатре, поблизости от^ моего дома.
7. За последнее время цены на часы значительно сни-
жены. 8. Интересно, почему он отказался объяснить свое
поведение, теперь его ожидает выговор. 9. Подождите
меня у лифта. Я подойду через десять минут. 10. «Я вижу,
ты что-то задумал, — сказал Том.— В любом случае я тебя
поддержу». И. Ты не дашь мне спичек? — Извини, у меня
нет сегодня спичек. 12. Анна все еще в больнице? — Нет,
она уже давно поправилась. 13. Он очень хочет получить
эту должность. 14. В этом году стоимость проезда в авто-
бусе снова возрастет. 15. Неудивительно, что она чув-
ствует себя усталой. Она на ногах с 6 часов утра. 16. Ива-
нов уехал в отпуск, он вернется через две недели.
17. Урожай яблок в этом году небольшой, так как зима
была очень холодная. 18. «Не важничай, твоя тайна уже
16
известна», — сказала Анна подруге. 19. Анна не вышла
на работу, у нее грипп. Ничего не будет известно, пока
она не вернется.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
A Frenchman once called on his English f r i e n d and
enquired whether his friend was in. "He is," answered the
maid, "but he is not up yet. W i l l you come round at 11?"
"Yes," the man answered.
When he came again the maid was setting the table
for tea and said, "Mr Brown is not down yet."
"If he is not up and he is not down where is he?"
asked the surprised Frenchman.
"He is not in bed already," said the maid, " b u t he
hasn't come downstairs yet."
2.
A chairman said at an annual meeting: "Ladies and
gentlemen, now that nearly everybody is in I have to
admit that we are behind in some of the work we've been
doing. We are not above criticism. You may say whatever
you wish, but I don't want you to get wrong impressions.
Don't think that half of the Committee did a l l t h e work
and the other half did nothing. As a matter of f a c t the
exact reverse is the case."
3.
The first morning after the honeymoon the husband
was up early. He went down to the kitchen and^ brought
his wife her breakfast in bed. Naturally, she was delighted
and didn't think that it was up to her to serve breakfast.
When breakfast was over her husband said: "Have you
noticed just what I have done?" "Of course, clear, every
single detail." "Good. That's how I want my breakfast
served every morning after this."
4.
First Lady: Dear me, I never saw Mrs Potb look so
pale.
17
 Second Lady: Nor I; she's probably been out in the
rain without an umbrella.
5.
Mrs S.: Bridget, if that's Mrs Gabber, I'm not in.
Bridget (returning): It was, ma'am and she was very glad
to hear it.
6.
Edna: Jack is so original. He says things to me that
nobody else would dream of saying.
May: What's he been up to now —- asking you to marry
him?
I. Read and translate the sentences:
BREAK...
DOWN 1. сломать(ся), выйти из строя to go wrong, to
stop functioning, e. g. The machine has broken down.
2. разрушать(ся); нарушать (планы); расстроиться,
упасть духом to crush, to collapse, e. g. His h e a l t h
broke down. They broke down our plans. She broke
down completely and fainted.
OFF обрывать, внезапно прекращать to stop doing smth.
suddenly, e. g. They broke off the conversation.
OUT неожиданно начаться, вспыхнуть (о в о и н а х , по-
жарах, болезнях, ссорах) to begin suddenly (of wars,
fires, diseases, quarrels, etc), e. g. A fire broke out
during the night.
UP 1. прекращать занятия, закрываться на к а н и к у л ы
(о школе) tp end the school term. e. g. The school
broke up in May. The schoolchildren w i l l break up
next week. 2. расходиться (о группе людей); разго-
нять to separate; to disperse, e. g. The crowd broke
up.
WITH порывать с кем-л., чём-л. to cease associating
with smb., to do away with smth. e. g. He has broken
with all his old friends. It's d i f f i c u l t for him to break
with his old habit.
EXERCISES
,
1. She broke off abruptly, covered with confusion, at
)ldness in speaking to him like this.
ppily we shall break up early and you can go

3. They all broke off work for once and went to the
sea.
4. The police tried to break up a protest meeting at
Madrid university.
5. He seemed so powerful that it looked as if a rebel-
lion was always on the point of breaking out from any-
body who came in contact with him.
6. She broke off her engagement.
7. Applause broke out when the ballet was over.
8. She had broken with me, her prolonged silence indi-
cated that.
9. That was the end of that party. I never saw a party
break up so quietly.
10. He broke down in his cabm when he had to say
good-bye to his mother.
11. The technical title of the feast which broke out
annually on the first Monday in August in the park of
Blandings Castle was the Blandings Parva School Treat.
11. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to break with appro-
priate particles:
1. She holds strong views on such matters and will
stop talking whenever the subject comes up. 2. As two
machines went wrong the manager had to use emergency
equipment to prevent a delay in production. 3. She's got
a bitter tongue, no wonder her friends will have nothing
to do with her. 4. "Move on, go about your business," the
policeman said to a group of curious onlookers. 5. He was
used to the carefree atmosphere of the studio and found
it hard to get rid of his old habits. 6. "I'm going up to
London when the school is over for summer holidays," said
Peter. 7. The disease spread unexpectedly in several villages
of the area. 8. "Does the arrangement still stand?" "No, she's
upset it all by that idea of hers." 9. After many years of
overwork his health was impaired and he had to retire.
10. Their conversation stopped when they saw a stranger
come in. 11. I wonder if he got out of the habit of pulling
everybody's leg.
HI. Answer these questions:
1. Is it impolite of the person you are talking to to break
off the conversation?
20
2. Do you remember why Vronsky and K i t t y ' s eruja-ement
was broken off? Can you tell us about it?
3. When do our schools break up for summer vacation?
4. What are people expected to do when a fire breaks out?
5. It's d i f f i c u l t to break with old habits, isn't it?
6. Why do people sometimes break with their old friends?
7. What steps are taken when an epidemic breaks out?
8. What would you do if the car you were travelling in
broke down on a lonely road?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. He broke ... twice when giving evidence of the ac-
cident he was involvec^in. 2. A blizzard that was sweep-
ing all around broke ... our arrangements of an outing.
3. Have you got anything to break ... the door \vith? You
see I've left my key in and now I can't get in. 4, I didn't
expect the party to break ... so early. 5. The school breaks
... in May and you might just as well take your c h i l d r e n
to the South as the weather isn't very hot there in June.
6. This story brought back the day when the war broke
. . . . 7. "You should break . . . your past," the juch.;e said
to the accused. 8. The negotiations broke . . . because
neither side would compromise. 9. They were arguing about
something but broke . .. when someone came into the room.
10. The First World War broke . . . in the summer of 1914.
11. To their great disappointment the party broke . . . in
confusion.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to break down (2); to break o f f ; to b r e a k o u t ; to break
up (2); to break with
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. If he goes on this way he is sure to break v\ uh every-
body.
2. "In that case I'll break with you," ;,;u; burst
out.
3. Your plan was bound to break down from t h e start.
4. I ' l l be back when the school breaks up.
5. If she works too hard she'll break down s,-,i;r..
21
V I I . Make up situations using the following. началась война, многие студенты добровольно пошли на
фронт. 5. Трудно порвать с укоренившимися привычками.
a) To be done orally. 6. Переговоры были прерваны по независящим от нас
причинам. 7. Дети кончают занятия через две недели.
1. Overwork
8. Когда они услышали, что к ним кто-то приближается,
to sit up late; to break with one's friends; to work они сразу оборвали разговор. 9. Машина вышла из строя,
late hours; to break down; to be in for; to take long; to и мы отстали от остальных. 10. Когда молодой человек
be out and about увидел, что машина подъехала, он внезапно замолчал
2. Witnessing a Fire и бросился к ближайшей телефонной будке. 11. В 1348 году
в Англии разразилась эпидемия чумы. 12. Почти все сту-
to break out (a fire); to break down; to gather to watch; денты разошлись, и лишь несколько человек по-прежнему
a f i r i n g brigade; to save; to tell smb. to break up горячо обсуждали что-то. 13. Вам нужно отучиться от не-
приятной привычки прерывать говорящего.
3. Preparations for a Holiday
to plan ahead; to start packing; to break down one's X. Read and relate the stories:
plans; to be after; to be all for
1
b) To be done in writing.
— So Hilda's broken it off with Bobby. I wonder if
A Car Accident she s t i l l keeps his lovely letters?
Luckily the car broke down when we were close to the — No. As a matter of fact, they're keeping her now.
servicing station.
We were afraid we were in for an accident. 2.
We were glad when the crowd broke up.
That'broke down our plans completely. "Dear E m i l y , " he wrote. "Words cannot express how
much I regret having broken off our engagement. W i l l you
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following: please come back to me and be with me again. A l l my
plans are broken down. I am in despair. Please forgive
The Aftereffects of Overwork me and let us start all over again, I need you so much.
to be in us
(J t) to be back (from hos- Yours forever, Bob."
to be up pital) P. S. By the way, congratulations on w i n n i n g the sweep-
to be back (at school) to break down stake.
not to break down (again) to be up and about 3.
to break up (soon)
A father said to his very modern son, "You smoke like
IX. Translate the following sentences: e
a chimney, Bob, if you don't break with the h a b i t y o u ' l l
break down before you know where you are. When I was
1. Музыка вдруг прекратилась,'и из окна послышались your age my father never allowed me to do so when the
голоса и смех. 2. «Мотор вышел из строя, потому что school hardly broke up." "Old-fashioned old bean you must
вы неправильно обращались с прибором»,— сказал инженер. have had for a Dad," drawled out the son. "How dare you,"
3. Потеряв работу, Джон оказался в очень тяжелом поло- shouted the angry parent. "I had a much better father
жении. Скоро многие из его друзей порвали с ним. 4. Когда than the likes of you will ever have, you young rascal."

22 23
 4.
Repartee
The audience in the college auditoruim was impatiently
awaiting the appearance of the out-of-town entertainer,
who was already an hour late. The chairman of the eve-
ning, fearing the people would break up, scribbled a fran-
tic appeal for help and had it passed down the aisle to
Professor В., who was a ready and witty speaker. Think-
ing to break up the stony atmosphere, Professor B. began:
"I've just received a message asking me to come up here
and say something funny." A young student at the back
of the room called loudly: "You'll tell us when you say
it, won't you?" To which the grave professor made an instant
reply: Til tell you; and the rest will know!"
•DP
BRING ...
ABOUT вызывать to cause to happen, e. g. Nobody could
guess what brought about the quarrel.
BACK напоминать to remind, to call to mind. e. g.
The story brought back the days of their friendship.
DOWN снижать (цены, отметку и т. д.) to cause to fall.
e. g. The good harvest brought down the price of
wheat. These mistakes have brought down your mark.
IN 1. вносить, to take in. e. g. Don't forget to bring
the suit-case !n. 2. приносить (доход) to yield as a
profit, e. g. I don't know how much the new factory
will bring in. 3. приводить, упоминать to mention.
e. g. I want you to bring in some facts to be more
convincing.
OUT 1. публиковать, выпускать в свет; ставить (пьесу)
to cause to appear, to bring to the public notice, e. g.
When are you going to bring out your new book?
They have just brought out a new play. 2. выявлять
to make clear, to show. e. g. How skillful he should
be to bring out the importance of that minor factor.
OVER переубедить to persuade smb. to accept a previ-
ously opposed suggestion, e. g. What they said and
demonstrated brought him over (to their opinion).
ROUND приходить в себя to restore to consciousness.
e. g. She fainted when she heard the news but a little
brandy soon brought her round.
UP 1. воспитывать to look after during childhood, to
educate, e. g. She brought up four children. It rests
with the parents and school to bring up children to
be good citizens of the country. 2. поднимать вопрос
с целью обсуждения to raise for discussion, to call
attention to. e. g. She is sure to bring up tiie matter
at the meeting.
25
 EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. I see exactly how I can bring in your joke when I
have to speak at our luncheon club.
2. He had earlier come to the conclusion that police
work tended to brutalize a certain type of man — or that
it brought out a latent brutality in that type.
3. They were willing to take advantage of an accom-
plished fact but wanted to shift on to someone else the
responsibility of bringing it about.
4. And if I'm wrong then I'll never bring up the damned
subject again.
5. "You're wonderfully calm." "Yes, I was brought up
never to make a fuss."
6. "The boy's had bad dreams," the sergeant said.
"Thought the house was on fire, I expect. I've brought up
six of them."
7. "... in the twentieth century!" She brought out those
last words like the ace of trumps.
8. The sight of that heather brings back the happy days
we spent in Scotland.
9. The publishers are going to bring out a new edition
of that book.
10. The servants brought in tea and after tea we bade
the company farewell and got into the car.
11. "I really believe you have stopped worrying. What
brought about the change?" "My troubles are more seal
than they used to be."
12. His death alone could save her lover, and she should
bring death about.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to bring with appro-
priate particles:
1. The scientists work against time to get at the virus
causing this contagious disease. 2. This snapshot is very
dear to me. It reminds me of the time spent with the
people who helped me to find my feet in life. 3. This
medicine is sure to lower your temperature. 4. Had you
produced some valid arguments you would have easily
convinced them. 5. The characters shown in this story are
26
typical and true to life. 6. The investigation is sure3- to
expose some surprising things. 7. He has gone through a
serious operation but good nursing will soon help him to
recover. 8. When educating children we ought to implant
in our children a love of work. 9. You shouldn't have
raised that question in his presence.
HI. Answer these questions:
1. What brings about changes in the weather?
2. Do you like to attend University reunions? What me-
mories do they bring back?
3. Why do some people put down the jokes they hear?
Do they intend to bring them in at an appropriate mo-
ment?
4. What interesting publications (films) have been brought
out lately?
5. Do you think an author should bring out many charac-
ters in a story? Does it bring down the value of it?
What about a novel?
6. Can you bring up a child properly by being indulgent
to him?
7. Can you have a good command of a foreign language
without being brought up to speak it?
8. What points are you going to bring up at your next
meeting?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. The introduction of new technical devices brought
... the desired effect. 2. This story brought .. . the hard
time they had gone through shoulder to shoulder, hand in
hand. 3. Small incomes and poor housing conditions brought
... the birth-rate in a number of European countries.
4. Everybody came down upon him: "What made you bring
... this unpleasant subject? Aren't you aware of the fact she
hasn't got over her disappointment yet?" 5. Disputed problems
always bring . . . the contradictions which may lie deep
in still waters. 6. If these facts don't bring him ... then
there is nothing to rack one's wits about. 7. The number
of books brought . . . in the Soviet Union annually is
tremendous. 8. Arthur wrote in his letter: "I was brought
... to believe in God but God is a thing made of clay."
27
9. " Y o u are eighteen now," the father said to John. "You IX. Translate the f o l l o w i n g sentences:
must go out to work and bring . .. your share of the f a m i -
ly income." 10. When it started raining we brought the 1. Ее дети совсем отбились от рук. Она не умеет их
deck chairs . . . . воспитывать, 2. Дайте ей понюхать нашатырный спирт,
это приведет ее в себя. 3. Он очень упрям. Если он вобьет
V. Make up sentences using the following: что-либо в голову, его трудно переубедить. 4. Никто не
знал, что вызвало поломку машины. 5. Запах сирени на-
to bring up (2); to bring out (2); to bring in (3); to помнил ей деревню, где она провела детство. 6. Эти
bring over; to bring back; to bring down; to bring about недостатки снижают значение его работы. 7. Белая фи-
гура танцовщика четко выделялась на темном фоне.
VI. In what circumstances would you say? 8. Несколько дней тому назад была выпущена первая
I. книга этого молодого поэта. 9. Он привел новые данные,
1. What exactly did you bring the point up for? которые помогли позднее осветить этот вопрос. 10. Можно
2. You shoul'dn't have brought his name in. вносить мебель, полы уже покрашены. 11. Когда Браун
3. W i l l you bring the chairs in, please? возглавил компанию, завод стал приносить большую при-
4. It's no use trying to bring him over. быль.
5. This should bring out the good in him.
6. Such measures bring down the existing standards. X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
VII. Make up situations using the following.
We congratulated a lady on her silver wedding anni-
To be done orally. versary for living twenty-fiye years with the same man.
"But he isn't the same man he was when I first got hold
1. Discussion of him. Every now and then I managed to bring him over.
And that did the trick," she replied.
to bring about (a discussion); to bring in (valid objec-
tions); to bring out (the results); to bring over; to make 2.
up one's mind; to get about (writing a story); to bring out; A sergeant was once instructing a class of parachutists
to bring up; to argue; to bring over (to one's opinion) and he brought in a few examples of what bad jumping
technique might bring about.
2. An Experiment Soldier: What happens if the parachute doesn't open,
to bring in (in a conversation); to get interested; to sergeant, when I jump out?
forget; to bring back; to hesitate; to bring over; to make Sergeant: Oh, that's all right. You just bring it back
an experiment; to bring out (interesting results) and we'll give you another one.
3.
VIII. Make up a dialogue.
Husband: Didn't I telegraph you not to bring your
mother with you?
Discussing a New Play
Wife: That's what she'd like to bring up when speaking
to be on to be after (tickets) to you.
to bring in (episodes) to bring out (characters) 4.
(not) to be with to bring down "Daddy," said five-year-old Elsie, "do you think mummy
to bring over knows much about bringing up children?"
28
 "What makes you ask that?" asked her father.
"Well," replied Elsie, "she makes me go to bed when
I am wide awake and she makes me get. up when I'm
awfully sleepy."
XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them:
A Terrorist
to be out; to be back; to bring about; to be up to; tp
be down (the books); to be in for (a poor time)-, to break
down
C A L L ...
AT заезжать, заходить (куда-л.) to pay a short visit
usu. on some business; to come to a port en route.
e. g. He will call at the office later. The ship will
call at several ports.
FOR 1. заходить за (кем-л. или чём-л.) to visit a place
to collect a person or thing, e. g. I'll call for him
and we'll go there together. The parcel is to be call-
ed for. 2. требовать, взывать к (чему-л.) to require.
e. g. The situation calls for atteation. These facts, as
the government stresses, will call for new outlooks.
IN вызывать, приглашать (кого-л. для консультации)
и т. д. to summon in an advisory capacity, e. g. When
he grew worse we called in a second doctor.
OFF отменять (о встречах, собраниях и т. п.) to cancel,
e. g. The arrangement was called off at short notice.
The flight was called off.
ON заходить к кому-л. to pay a visit, e. g. When did
he call on you last?
OUT 1. объявлять громко, выкрикивать to speak loudly.
e. g. He called out each name twice. "Come in," he
called out from the balcony. 2. вызывать to summon
for action, e. g. The doctor is called out. He isn't
available now.
TO кричать (кому-л.) to shout to smb. e. g. He called
to the gardener to open the gates,
UP 1. призывать (в армию) to order to join the army.
e. ~g. Young people are called up at eighteen. 2. зво-
нить (по телефону) to telephone someone, e. g. I call-
ed him up and asked if he had any news.
(UP) ON призывать к чему-л. to apply to a person for
a particular service, e. g. The committee called upon
the workers to stand by their demand.
 EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. He rushed beyond the barrier and called to her to
follow.
2. I'll call for you about seven. What's the address?
3. There is a one-day token strike on today, remember?
I'm not even called out, to take part in it. They think
I am too old.
4. He called for pen and ink and told the editor he
could cut the story down three-thirds.
5. Naturally you've defeated them. This calls for a
celebration.
6. "I'll call for you after lunch. It's in the country —
not far; you'll enjoy it," said Soames.
7. Some of her women friends at the church were anxious
to call on her.
8. Seeing the spectacle, he called out, "Hallo, Tom,
old man! What's the trouble?"
9. And when the war started I got called up.
10. Throughout 1936 General Motors (the USA) re-
peatedly and openly violated Labour Laws and in early.
1937 the Trade Union Leaders called for a sit down strike.
11. We can't cope with the case. The professor should
be called in at once.
12. Call me up when you are ready to leave.
13. Mrs Jones called you up when you were out. She
wants you to ring her back.
14. "Were you at the tea party here yesterday after-
noon?" "No, I wasn't. Bunch drove me over to calj on
some friends."
15. Savina answered him a little breathlessly, t e l l i n g
him at once that Holtzer had just called for him.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to call w i t h appro-
priate particles:
1. The doctor was roused from bed three times during
one night to attend urgent cases. 2. During the war some
of the men engaged in vital industries were not summoned
to join the army. 3. The panic-stricken crowd was asked
to keep order. 4. He was crying to us but we couldn't
make out his words as he was out of hearing. 5. The case
32
certainly requires further investigation. 6. You needn't come
and collect your laundry. It will be delivered to you. 7. He
is a lazy fellow. He will stay in for days on end unless
you come for him and take him out. 8. W i l l you look in
in a few minutes? Ann was summoned to the manager an
hour ago. She must be back any minute now. 9. When you
are out will you go to the Post Office and see if there are
any letters for me? 10. They had to cancel the meeting аз the
president was i l l . 11. "Freddie, you mustn't laugh out loud
in the schoolroom," the teacher shouted angrily. "I didn't
mean to do it. I was smiling and the smile "busted."
12. Football matches are seldom cancelled on account of
bad weather. 13. "Bobbie, it's time to turn in!" the mother
shouted from the window. 14. "You oughtn't to speak hudly,
children," said the teacher. "Put up your hands, please/
15. Having settled down in the town the Woods began
paying visits to their neighbours.
III. Answer these questions:
What Soviet ports do foreign vessels call at?
On what occasions are flights usually called ofr?
What should a pupil do when he wants to answer;
up his hand or call out from his seat?
When are names called out?
In what case do you request to be called up?
At what age are young people called up for re^ a l a r
service in our country?
Would you call it good manners to call to people out
of the window?
When would a teacher call on his students to dos i b l e
their efforts?
What kind of occasion would call for instant m
ures?
10. Does the problem of education call for continual с
11. Do you often call for your friend on your way to
Institute?
12. When might a doctor be called out at night?
13. Do you offen call on your friends? Do you like tl
to call on you?
2 7-513
 fet'

X. Read and relate the stories: — But I've just graduated, doctor. I've had no experience.
— That's all right, my boy. My practice is s t r i c t l y
1.
fashionable. When my patients call on you or when you
A near-sighted man was called upon to f i g h t a duel: are called out you should tell the men to play golf and
"Very well," he said, "but as I am very near-sighted and send the ladies abroad.
the other fellow isn't, it is only f a i r that he should stand
six feet further from me than I stand from him." 7.
A Well-known Name
2.
Illustrating gender at a grammar lesson a student said: A struggling author had called on a publishes to in-
"A host is the gentleman of the house when visitors call quire about a manuscript to be submitted.
on him. His w i f e is the hostage." "This is quite well written," admitted the p u b l i s h e r ,
"but my firm only publishes work by writers w i t i i well-
3. known names."
Employer: When you called up my w i f e and told her "Splendid", shouted the caller in great excitement. "My
I would be detained at the office and would not be home name's Smith."
until very late, what did she say?
Stenographer: She said: "Can I depend on that?"
4.
An invitation to dinner had been sent to the new doc-
tor. In reply the hostess received an absolutely illegible
letter. "I must know if he accepts or declines," she declar-
ed: "If I were you," suggested her husband, "I should
call at the drugstore, a druggist can always read doctor's
letters, however badly written."
The druggist looked at the note and without waiting
for her explanation called to the boy to bring him some
thing. He handed her a bottle of something adding: "Here
you are, madam. That will be fifty cents." *

5.
Your Choice
The tramp called at a home and asked for food:
Housewife: And how would you like a nice chop?
Tramp: That all depends, lady, — is it lamb, pork о
wood?
6.
And Collect Your Commission
Doctor: I want you to take over my office, while Гп
on my vacation.
36

C L E A R ...
A W A Y убирать (часто со стола) to take away from
table, to remove rubbish, dirty dishes, etc. e, g. Don't
bother to clear away, I'll do it myself. I don't like
the dead branches lying about, we must clear them
away.
OUT очищать, убирать to empty so as to make clean,
to remove what is not needed, e. g. We have to
clear out the cupboards as a preliminary cleaning.
There'll be plenty of room in that closet when it's
cleared out.
UP 1. убирать, приводить в порядок to make tidy,
to bring order .instead of confusion, e. g. The room
needs clearing up after the party. 2. выяснять, раз-
решать, улаживать to solve, to explain, to settle.;
e. g. I suppose he's already cleared it up. The mys-
tery was cleared up at last. 3. проясняться (о погоде)
to become finer, better, e. g. Wait till the weather
clears up.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate these sentences.
1. "I just haven't had the chance to look through your
papers," she said as she dressed to go out to dinner with
him. "You know how important it is." "I've had so much
of my own to clear up. After all next week I'll be leav-
ing. You should have shown it to me sooner."
2. He afe his dinner listlessly and the boy cleared
away and went. IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
3. "Ellen's waiting for you." "Yes, I know she is. She
won't be angry. It's going to clear up a lot of things
that've been between us for a long time." 2. If you start on a journey before it clears ... you may
38
4. "I shall leave you to yourself unless indeed 1 can
assist you in any way —by clearing up any point on
which you are not informed, for instance."
5. "Well, clear it up." "You remember w h a t Crofts
said?" "Yes" . . . .
6. When are you going to clear a l l that rubbish out of
the greenhouse?
7. That's twice today the room has been cleared up.
8. His lordship was in the nineteenth-century chamber,
engaged in clearing away with his own hands the bric-a-
brac.
9. "I got out the vacuum cleaner," she said, "to clear
away that pile of dust in the studio."
" 10. "Dr Macphail looked at the f a l l i n g rain. "Well,
I don't suppose it's any good waiting for it to clear up."
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to clear with appro-
priate particles:
1. It usually takes me fifteen minutes to remove the
dishes from the table and wash up. 2. When summer set
in Mrs Brown removed all the things from the veranda and
put in camping beds for the children to sleep in. 3. It
took me half an hour to tidy up the room as my sister
packed in a hurry and left my things lying about. 4. It's
always sensible to settle everything in time to avoid com-
plications. 5. We didn't set out until the weather became
fine.
III. Answer these questions:
1. What points would you clear up first if you were plan-
ning a holiday in an unknown place?
2. It is unpleasant to clear away after a big party at
home, isn't it?
3. When would your mother ask you to clear up the room?
4. You have to clear out kitchen sideboards from time to
time, don't you?
5. Does it often clear up in autumn?
1. We finished dinner and the waitress cleared . . . .
39
get caught in the rain. 3. If you want to have the w a l l s
painted you must clear ... the room tirst. After the room
has been done up a lot will have to be cleared . . . .
4. You'll be in for a busy time if you don't clear ...
these points now.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to clear up (3); to clear out; to clear away
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. You should have cleared up the matter in time.
2. It's unlikely to clear up soon.
3. He couldn't clear away the rubbish all by himself.
4. Why, you haven't cleared away yet!
5. You should clear out the drawer first.
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. Discussing Preparations for a Conference
to be on soon; to expect to bring up; to be away; to
expect back; to call for (special attention); to clear up
(a few points); to clear up (a hall)
2. A Visit to a Friend
to call at (on smb.) several times; to be out; to be in
(at last); dinner time; to help to clear away; to start rain-
ing; to clear up; to go out together
f
b) To be done in writing.
A Dialogue
Is Mary up?
I haven't seen her about.
She's been up and about.
I called her up several times.
I suppose she is clearing up the rooms.
VIII. Translate the following sentences:
1. Ты еще не убрала со стола, А н я ? Поторопись, мы
можем опоздать на поезд. 2. Доклад будет готов завтра.
40
Нужно выяснить некоторые вопросы. 3. Ты все хорала
из кухни? Мы начинаем белить потолок. 4. Разбери все
на письменном столе. У тебя там страшный беспорядок.
5. Нужно все выяснить прежде чем начинать эту работу.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
— I've cleared up a mystery of what a hotel means
when it advertises rooms at $ 1 and up.
— What is it?
— I got one of the dollar rooms and was up all night.
2.
The oldest inhabitant had celebrated his hundredth
birthday and the reporter of a local paper called on him
to clear up a few points. Having congratulated the old
fellow, the reporter asked him: "To what do you a t t r i b u t e
your longevity?"
The centenarian paused a moment and then said: "1 nev-
er smoked, drank alcoholic liquors, or overate, and I'm
always up at six in the morning,"
"But, put in the reporter, "I had an uncle who acted
in that way, yet he lived to be eighty. How do you
account for that?"
"He didn't keep it up long enough," was the calm
reply. ;
i:;; ;:
•"•-' -' ••• ' 3.
— Mary has a wonderful hushand.
— Yes? How is that?
— Why, he helps her do all the work. On Monday he
cleared away the dishes with her. On Tuesday he cleared
out the cupboards and sideboards with her. And tomorrow
he's going to clear up the rooms with her.

C O M E ...
ABOUT случаться to happen, e. g. How did it come
about that you went to live in the Far East?
ACROSS встречать, находить неожиданно to meet
smb. unexpectedly, to discover smth. e. g. I came
across some old letters yesterday.
ALONG поторапливаться, сопровождать to hurry up,
to accompany, e. g. Come along! The taxi's waiting.
Come along! We'll go together.
BACK 1. возвращаться to return, e. g. They are com-
ing back on Sunday. 2. вспоминаться to return to
one's memory, e. g. And suddenly it all came back
to h i m .
BY добывать, доставать, получать to obtain, to ac-
quire, to get hold of with effort, also by chance, e. g.
This book is d i f f i c u l t to come by. The young actor
is very promising. You know how the manager ca/ne
by him. He played in an amateur theatrical group.
DOWN приезжать из столицы (центра) в про-
винцию, из университета домой to come to a place
situated at a distance from the capital, e. g. I came
down to the country cottage for the week-end.
DOWN ON (UPON) набрасываться на, бранить to
rebuke strongly, e. g. His mother did not like it and
came down heavily on (upon) him. He came down on
our suggestion.
FOR заходить за to fetch, to pick up. e. g. He is
coming for us at 7 o'clock. Has she come for the
book yet?
42
FROM (OF) принадлежать к, происходить из to be-
long to. e. g. He comes from (of) a poor f a m i l y .
INTO получать в наследство to inherit, e. g. He
came into the property when his uncle died.
OFF 1. отрываться (о пуговице), выпадать (о волосах)
to become detached, to fall. e. g. The button has come
off. 2. происходить, иметь место to happen, to take
place, e. g. The meeting came off well.
, ON 1. Живей! Идем! и т. д. to indicate encourage-
ment, e. g. Come on, the taxi is here. 2. расти, пре-
успевать to ma,ke progress e. g. The flowers are com-
ing on nicely. He is coming on fast with his Eng-
lish. 3. приближаться, начинаться, надвигаться to
be approaching, to start, to be getting on. e. g. You
should not forget that the election is coming on.
As the night came on he again felt uneasy.
. OUT 1. выходить to step out, to become visible, e. g.
Come out, I can't see you there. 2. появляться в пе-
чати (о газетах, книгах, пьесах и т. д.) to be pub-
lished (of newspapers, books, plays, etc.) e. g. The
Pravda comes out every day. 3. выступать, появ-
ляться (о сыпи, прыщах и т. д.) to appear on the
skin (of rash, pimples, etc.) e. g. The child's got
scarlet fever and the rash has come out. 4. распус-
каться, расцветать (о деревьях, почках, цветах и т. д.)
to blossom (of trees, buds, flowers, etc.) e. g. The
buds are all coming out now. 5. заканчиваться to
end. e. g. It will all come out as he predicted. 6. об-
наруживаться to become known, e. g. It's no use
keeping it in the dark. It'll come out sometime.
, . OUT WITH выступать (с заявлением, разоблачением
и т. д.) to make announcements, remarks; to disclose
news, etc. e. g. He came out with some opinions
that startled everybody.
.. OVER 1. приходить, посещать, приезжать to visit.
e. g. Come over and see us next week. 2. охватить,
овладеть to grip. e. g. A. fear came over me. 3. при-
ходить в голову to strike, to occur, to come into
one's mind. e. g. It suddenly came over me that I had
left the door open.
43
 . . . ROUND заходить, заглянуть to go to a person's house.
e. g. They live in the next street and occasionally
come round to spend an evening w i t h us.
. . . TO доходить .до, стоить to amount to. e. g. W h a t
does the monthly housekeeping come to?
. . . TO (ROUND) приходить в себя, очнуться to recover
consciousness, e. g. He was given an injection and
after it he came to (round).
. . . UP возникать, быть предметом обсуждения to arise,
to be brought up. This question is sure to come up
at the meeting.
. . . UPON приходить в голову to occur, to come into
one's mind, to come over. e. g. It came upon me
that I hadn't turned out the light in the room.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1..; The.expected answer came back. :
' 2. Letty came by her house through her father.
.3. It came over the boy. that he was wrong.
4. I came round here f u l l of goodwill. In fact Г have
a double grandstand ticket for the parade 'and the opening
o f the. library, > : . , . . . . . . . , - . . . . , - '
5, ''Pickwick Papers" and many of the other novels
cams'out in fortnigh'tly parts and the story developed as
: it went.along.. " .[" ' '. . ' ; ' ' . ' " . ,'. / ; '
6 . ' N o w . . . now, who is i f . . . tell me, who .is it? Come
.од out with i t , . , tell me! . . . . . . . . ' a half a day.
; 29. He came to lay dinner and told Soames that Mrs
7. I wondered How oh earth it came about that a fun-
ny old Englishwoman s h o u l d . b e the landlady of a hotel
in Asia Minor". , 30. The authorities have come down on me for the
1 payment of twenty pounds income tax which they allege
8. "Come along, ' the constable said. Phil was interest-
ed, he was glad to be going.
9. "Does Pyle still not smoke?" I asked her. "No."
"You ought to make him or he won't come back."
10. Bert called him Paddy and asked him what part
of Ireland he came from.
11. "Nice thing to come for on a morning like this,"
the man would say, measuring out whisky in drops.
12. What have you come for?
44
13. W i t h the arrival of the workers a secret had come
out: that the plant had been formerly in Dusseldorf.
14. Until the result came out, I should have no idea
what was to become of me.
15. I'm a w f u l l y sorry, Thomas, if I said something I
shouldn't. I don't know what came over me.
16. She remembered her father strutting back into the
sickroom saying: "Damned Italians coming over here!"
17. When he came to he was quite aware of what had
happened.
18. Come on, now. Let's get aboard. The bus is stop-
ping for us.
19. I'll drop you there now and at 5 o'clock I'll come
back for you.
20. By one of those fortunate coincidences that occa-
sionally come about in the secret service it happened
that ...
21. There are places where 1 come from that you ne-
ver heard of.
22. What time does the motor-boat come over?
23. I won't be in today at all. I'm sorry. Something's
come up.
24. And then the faintness came over her once more.
25. When Edna comes down again, please bring her
to visit us.
26. One curious point came up about her testimony.
27. If the work comes off successfully, you'll be able
to do some very interesting experiments.
28. Your food and cigarettes come to a dollar and
Forsyte was not coming down.
I owe them.
31. I'm richer today than when I first came into the
property.
32. I'm sure he's come into a fortune, sir.
33. Her hands came out in a rash which the doctor
said was due to food-poisoning.
34. This has been coming on you for some days. I sup-
pose it was natural for you to be anxious about the gar-
den party.
45
 35. The handle of the tea-pot came off in my hand as
I was washing it.
36. I'm at home all day. Come round whenever you
have time.
37. When is the first performance of your new play
coming on?
38. "Now come on in," Mrs Sol way said. "That's the
end of the show, and we don't want you girls catching
cold. There's just a bit of frost in the air."
39. "And why did you come down to town, Henry?"
"Oh, well, I've just come to see the sights, and I thought
that I'd call on you first."
40. Taking out his card-case, he pencilled the follow-
ing message: "Come round at once. I've sent the carriage ,
for you."
41. How the devil did you come by the book? I my-
self took it to the office today.
42. "Was someone with him when it happened?" Fox
asked slowly. "Savina's mother was, then Savina's sister
came over."
43. "Nice creatures, pigs," said Miss Hinch scratching
a wrinkled pink back. "Coming on well, isn't he? Good
bacon round about Christmas time."
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to come with appro-
priate particles:
1. It occurred to me that he was put off by the manner
of my letter. 2. He put forward a proposal that set every-
body's teeth on edge. 3. I take it that when he is in Le-
ningrad he'll drop in on you. 4. He was knocked down '
unconscious by a bus and didn't recover consciousness for
two hours. 5. If this question arises at the meeting I ' l l
speak my mind. 6. I wonder how much a holiday in the
Crimea will cos/? 7. She had to apply cream to stop
freckles covering her nose and cheeks. 8. Arithmetic was
very hard for my son at first but now he is doing fairly
well in it. 9. It was a mere chance that everything final-
ly turned out well. 10. She is not handy with the needle
at all. She would turn to her mother even if a button
were torn off her dress. 11. After her aunt's death Ann
inherited a little money and settled in the town for good.
12. I wondered what f a m i l y he had belonged to for his
46
clothes were poor but lie was obviously well-bred and his
speech revealed a vast and thorough knowledge. 13. You
don't need to call to get your laundry. It will be deliver-
ed to you. 14. Smith and Jones, how did it happen that
your translations are word for word the same? 15. When
I was looking for my passport I found these old photo-
graphs and they brought back the memories of rny youth.
16. Let's go. We are behind as it is. 17. I said, "Let's
return to the Chalet. Phuong's waiting." "I'm sorry,"- he
said, "I quite forgot. You shouldn't have left her." 18. The
committee were all very much against the suggestion that
the rent should be reduced. 19. Warm weather did not set
in for a long time that spring and buds were slow in open-
ing. 20. His long efforts were gratified by an interesting
manuscript he obtained from one of the private collections.
21. A thunderstorm is approaching, bring the washing in.
22. The other day I ran into a college pal and the care-
free college time returned to my memory. 23. He travelled
to the seaside hoping that the sea air would do him good.
HI. Answer these questions:
1. What proposal would you come out with if you were
asked for suggestions in improving the method of teach-
ing foreign languages?
2. What questions came up at your last meeting?
3. What would you do if it came upon you that you had
not turned off the gas at home and you were at your
office?
4. In what books can you come across the description of
old Siberian towns?
5. Do your friends often come round to see you?
6. How many time-s a week does the Izvestia come out?
7. Should you write out every new expression you come
across in reading English?
8. When can you diagnose the case as measles uninistak-
enly?
9. What should you do if you want plants in your garden to
come on well?
10. What family did Onegin come from?
11. What do your monthly gas and electricity bills come
to?
47
 12. What things do you get ready when winter (summer) turday night, w i l l you? John is coming .. . from the U n i -
comes on?
versity, we'll have a lot to talk over. 25. A r t i f i c i a l res-
13. When does a thing (time, face) keep coming back?
piration helped the man to come . . . . 2 6 . You may keep
14. You should not come down on your friends over t r i - the book now. When I need it Г11 come .. . and take it.
fles, should you?
27. She was greatly delighted to see the flowers corne . . .
15. People like coming down to the countryside for their
holiday, don't they? with the first sunrays. 28. It was a good idea but it did
not quite come . . . well. 29. "When is their wedding coming
IV. Supply the appropriate particles: ...?" "Next June, I believe." 30. When the travellers had
nearly given up hope they came . . . a local fellow who
agreed to be their guide. 31. When John Reed came to
1. The tune came . . . to her at a most u n t i m e l y mo-
ment. 2. How did it come ... that they lost the game? Petrograd in 1917 he felt that revolution was coming.... ,
3. You shouldn't come him like that. It w i l l only put
V. Make up sentences using the f o l l o w i n g :
him o f f . 4. Everybody thought him to be down and out
and when he came the proposal to pay the expenses
we were all greatly puzzled. 5. I've come . . . this word to come about, to come by, to come out, to come oat
time out of number but it escapes me at the moment. with, to come over, to come back, to come upon, to come
6. Somebody knocked. I opened the door, but it was only down
my neighbour who came . . . the book. 7. After dinner I
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
came . . . , sat and waited for Pyle in my room. 8. Come
. . . , they are waiting for us. 9. He tried to deceive every-
1. Dear me, how it all comes back!
body but the truth came ... in the end. 10. I hope the
2. How did you come by this most ridiculous thing I
flowers in your garden are coming . . . all right. 11. His
3. He always comes out with most extraordinary ideas,
book is coming ... next week. 12. The Portuguese stu- 4. What's come over him? He looks queer!
dents came the demand that education should be 5. The matter will come up again. I'm positive about i t ,
free of charge. 13. "Why, he'l! come . . . no property when
6. There is nothing dangerous, she'll come to in a min-
his uncle dies," he said. 14. Rebecca made believe she
ute.
came . . . a poor noble family. 15. "No," Walz said. "I've
got to get home, but I know May would love to come
VII. Make up situations using the following.
. . . some night and meet your wife and the kids."
16. "Open the window," shouted Mrs Brown to the attendant. a) To be done orally.
"He's gone off, he'll come . . . in a minute." 17. Some-
thing has come . . . her. She has not been herself this Recalling Old Days
week. 18. He asked both men to come . . . and stay for
to come down (for a week-end); to come over; to have
a week to see what exactly they were up to. 19. His loss- a good time; to come back (about memories); to corne
es came . . . a tidy sum but he didn't worry as they all about; to come by; to turn out; to have to part w i t h
went down on his expense account with the firm. 20. She
tried hard to put the idea out of her mind but against her b) To be done in writing.
w i l l anxiety was coming .. . her. 21. People say that
things easily come . . . are easy to part with. 22. They had Before the Elections
been at daggers drawn ever since Brian came Everybody knew what family he came from.
his criticisms. 23. If I were you I wouldn't stir up the
With the elections coming on the situation became
n-atter unless it came ... by itself. 24. Come ... on Sa-
strained.
48
49
 He came down to his college.
Speakers came out with contradictory statements.
He wondered how it would a l l come off.
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
Truth was out
to come on
to come out
to come round to come by
to bring out
to come off
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. He успел он произнести последнее слово, как она
набросилась на него. 2. Как это случилось, что план их
не удался? 3. Попросите его зайти после того, как за
кончится собрание. 4. Вы встретите это выражение много
раз, когда будете читать книги. 5. «Когда вернется Фу-
онг?» — внезапно спросил Пайл и разговор прервался.
6. Не ищите эти бумаги, я сам видел, как он приходил
за ними. 7. Разве вы не знаете, что этот журнал выхо-
дит раз в неделю? Вы отстаете от времени. 8. Пойдемте,
автобус отходит через пять минут. 9^ Каковы ваши ус-
пехи в музыке?—Спасибо, хорошо. 10. Если ты не по-
чинишь замок, брошка может оторваться в любой мо-
мент и ты можешь потерять ее. 11. Мне не нравится эта
фотография. Цветы "на переднем плане вышли хорошо
но остальное нечетко. 12. Неудивительно, что он пре-
красно играет на фортепьяно. Он вышел из семьи му-
зыканта. ^1J. Почему ты расстраиваешься? Ведь все*
прошло хорошо, не правда ли? 14. Я посадил эти кусты
прошлой осенью, и сейчас они растут очень хорошо.
1.5. Когда возник этот вопрос, ему следовало бы изло-
жить свою точку зрения. 16. В первый момент после
того как он пришел в себя, казалось, что он никого не
узнает. 17. Меня охватило чувство неопределенности.
18. Я вспомнил, что забыл билеты в театр, когда был
уже в метро. 19. Цветы, наконец, распустились. 20. Я
посмотрел на фотографию и мне вспомнилось то~лето
и наша поездка по Волге. 21. Совершенно случайно ар-
тист приобрел ноты нескольких старых народных песен.
22. Наступает ночь, пора подумать о ночлеге.
50
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
— Bothered with time-wasting callers, are you? W h y
don't you try my plan?
— What's your plan, Mrs Jones?
— Why, when the bell rings I put on my hat and glo-
ves before I press the button. If it proves to be someone
I don't want to see, I simply say, "So sorry, but I'm just
going out."
— But suppose it's someone you want to see?
— Oh, then I say, "So fortunate I've just come back."
2.
The young wife was in tears when she opened the door
for her husband. "I've been insulted," she said. "Your moth-
er insulted me."
"My mother!" he exclaimed. "What's come over you!
she is a hundred miles away."
"I know but a letter came for you this morning and I
opened it."
He looked stern. "I see, but where does the insult
come in?"
"In the postscript," she answered. "It said: 'Dear Alice,
don't forget to give this letter to George.'"
3.
Mrs Newly wed had not come out very well in her f i r s t
experience with the cook-book and gas range. She ran to
the telephone and called up her mother. "Mother," she
sobbed, "I can't understand it. The receipt says clearly
'Bring to boil on brisk fire stirring for ten minutes. Then
leave it for ten minutes and when I came back again it
was burned to a crisp."
4.
"Why do you feed every tramp who comes along? They
never do any work for you," said the husband.
"No," said the wife, "but it is quite a satisfaction to
me to see a man eat a meal without finding f a u l t with
the cooking."
61
 XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them:
A Trouble-maker
At court a judge spoke of receiving an anonymous let-
ter. "I haven't read the letter," he said, "but since the
question's come up, I must say I see from its contents that
the writer comes out with scandalous allegations."
6.
No Hurry
A doctor had an urgent 'phone call from a gentleman
saying his small son had swallowed his fountain pen.
"All right. I'll come round at once," replied the doc-
tor, "but what are you doing in the meantime?" Whereto
came the unexpected answer: "Trying to do with a pen-
cil."
7.
Ideal Job
He had managed to get a job as collector for a gas
company.
"Take this key and go round and empty all the coin
boxes; get all the pennies and quarters," said the manager.
He was gone for three weeks. Then he walked into the
office and announced: "Can I have another key? I've lost
the other one."
"Certainly," replied the manager. "But where have you
been all this time? The cashier has stayed late every Fri-
day night expecting you to come for your wages." "What!"
exclaimed the man, beaming, "do I get wages as well?"
8.
A Beginner
Farmer: Come on, I'll show you how to milk a cow.
Boy: Perhaps I'd better start on a calf.

9. to call at; to be at some-

Looking Backward thing; to call to one's attention;
to seem to be above; to break
— George comes from a very poor family. down; to call in a policeman; to
— Why, they sent him to the university, didn't they? bring about the quarrel
— Yes, that's how they got so poor.
52

CUT
DOWN сокращать, урезывать to reduce in size or
amount, e. g. Why haven't you cut down your ex-
penses? She will have to cut down her article.
IN вмешиваться, вставлять замечания to interrupt
smb., to interject a remark, e. g. "I'll come tomor-
row," he cut in. Stop cutting in with your remarks.
OFF 1. разъединять (по телефону) to disconnect, e. g.
The telephone operator cut us off before we finished
our conversation. 2. отрезать, изолировать, выключать
(газ, воду, электричество и т. д.) to remove smth., esp.
what is at the top; to isolate; to discontinue supply
of gas (water, electricity, etc.) e. g. W i l l you kindly
cut off a length of this s t u f f ? We were cut off by
the tide.
OUT 1. вырезать, кроить to remove by cutting, to
shape a garment by cutting its outline, e. g. He cut
a picture out of a newspaper. She cut out a dress.
2. выпускать, выбрасывать to leave out. e. g. The
editor cut out the last paragraph.
OUT FOR быть словно созданным для чего-л. to be
shaped, destined (usu. Passive), e. g. He is cut out for
an actor. She is not cut out for that sort of work.
EX E R C I S E S
I. Read and translate' the sentences:
1. In his own mind he had completely cut himself off
from research.
2. If they could cut the story down one third, he
would take it.
54
3. Allowances had been cut down and the men had
been refused their bonus payment for the week.
4. "Here's luck," he said. Then turning to Walter:
"You've got your work cut out for you here."
5. "Get my knife out of my belt," Ben said, "and cut
off all the straps of the aqualung."
6. Do you think that I'm cut out to be a lawyer in
a provincial town?
7. "The hell with all that," he cut in.
8. Some children were cutting out small pictures with
scissors.
9. You can study French, or you can study German,
or cut them both out and study Esperanto.
10. So why worry about it? That's like worrying about
having to bathe just because the water in the bathroom is
about to be cut off.
11. I was cut off in the middle of my call because I
had no more pennies to put in the box.
12. She felt that for two years she had, in a sense,
been cut off from life.
13. "Something we can get you?" "Glass of milk?" he
said.
"Sorry, no milk. It's the drought. They cut us down/
"Excuse me, cup of tea?"
14. He cut his sleep down to f i v e hours.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to cut with appropri-
ate particles:
1. "The article is too long. Would you make it shorter
by, say, 500 words?" said the editor. 2. When I am mak-
ing a dress I mark the cloth with chalk and then me
scissors. 3. They were separated from the main route by
the avalanche and had to be rescued by plane. 4. I was
in the middle of telling him about my mother's letter
when we were disconnected. 5. You will be completely
isolated if you go to live in that village.
III. Answer these questions:
1. When does a teacher ask a student to cut down h i s
essay?
2. Do you think it proper to cut in with remarks?
55
 V I I . Make up situations using the following:
3. Have you ever found yourself cut off by a heavy
snowfall? In what conditions do you think it may hap- a) To be done orally.
pen?
1. An Accident in Spring
4. Do you think a story will suffer if pieces of it are
cut out? flood; to be cut o f f ; to be in for; a rescue p a r t y ; to
come out well
5. Do your children (younger sisters, brothers) enjoy
cutting out pictures? Do you encourage the 2. Finding One's Way in Life
hobby? to be in for; to be down and out; to come into (mon-
6. Is it clever to bring up a child to think that he (or ey); to come on (in something); to realize: to be cut out
she) is cut out for great things? What may happen? for
b) To be done in w r i t i n g .
'V. Supply the appropriate particles: Self-praise is no Recommendation
She flew into a rage when she learnt that they had
1. When they turned up we had cut ... the tree and cut down her part.
were engaged in cutting away all the branches. .2. We She complained that they had cut out the best pieces.
were two months behind in the payment of the telephone She claimed that she was simply cut out for the role.,
bill and they cut us ... 3. "Hallo, hallo. Are you there?"
(No reply). "What a pity! We must have been cut ... in VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following)
the middle of our conversation." 4. The text is crammed
with good phrases and idioms, it's good, but it struck me Self is a Bad Counsellor
as being too long. I think you should cut it ... to to call up (seve- to be cut off
1000 letters. 5. I can make a dress, myself when I've got ral times) to feel cut off
a pattern, but I am not good at cutting... V 6. Will you to be out (from the world)
kindly read what the letter says? Don't cut ... anything. to come about to be behind
7. You should cut ... sweets if you want to get thin.
8. He won't make a good singer. He isn't cut *....;,. it. IX. Translate the following sentences:

. - . . . . . - :
- i, 1. Тони не смог оплатить счет за последний месяц
V. Make up sentences using the following: . ; ; и компания отключила газ и электричество. 2. Детям
•-•;.•" I очень нравится вырезать картинки. 3. Статья не подхо-
to cut down, to cut off, to cut out, to cut in, to be
y "дила по |размеру, и редактор выпустил несколько абза-
cut out for цев. 4. Я считаю, что Олег Попов прямо-таки создан
для роли клоуна. 5. Разбирая старые письма и бумаги,
VI. In what circumstances would you say? я нашел статью и фотографию, вырезанные мною из
фронтовой газеты; я пробежал глазами статью, взглянул
1. "If I were you I'd cut down bread.' на фотографию, и на меня нахлынули воспоминания.
ter of fact I've cut it out." 6. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы не выбросил
этой части из доклада. 7. Перестань прерывать меня
2. "Your plan has come off all right," she cut in. (вставлять замечания). Сначала выслушай весь рассказ.
3. She feels quite cut off from people there. 8. Докладчик решил сократить лекцию, так как студенты
4. In fact, I've cut it out myself. должны были еще просмотреть документальный фильм.
56 67
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
Peggy: I want to help you, dad, I s h a l l get the dress-
maker to teach me to cut out.
Dad: I don't want you to go that far, Peg, but you
might cut out cigarettes and t a x i b i l l s .
2.
The telephone was cut off before the lady of the
house got to it.
. Mistress: Why didn't you answer the call?
New Maid: I was afraid, Ala'am.
Mistress: Then why didn't you call me, simpleton?
New Maid: I wouldn't dare to call you anything like
that, Ma'am.
3.
A party was visiting a museum when the guide point-
ed to a skull, saying that it was the skull of Oliver
Cromwell.
"You see from the lines of the forehead that the man
was cut out for great things," he went on. "It's a very
small skull for Cromwell's," one of the visitors cut in.
"Yes, yes," replied the guide, "I just cut down the expla-
nations not to be boring, but it's Cromwell's all right. It
was his skull when he was a small boy."
4.
How to Reduce
— What's the best exercise for reducing?
— Just cut out bread and sweets and move the head
slowly from right to left when asked to have a second
helping.
DO ...
AWAY WITH уничтожить; разделаться; покончить с со-
бой to abolish, to get rid of, to commit suicide, e. g.
We did away with illiteracy many years ago. The man
did away with himself.
FOR 1. заботиться, присматривать to look after, to pro-
vide, to help with housework, e. g. He lives q u i t e
alone except for a woman who comes in every day
and does for him. Although he is unwell he manages
to do for himself. 2. (ис)портить; губить, убивать
to injure, to kill, (often Passive) e. g. Don't say that
we are done for. Let's hope for the best. It was the
chill he caught after his illness that did for him.
I'm afraid these gloves are not worth r e p a i r i n g :
they're done for.
OUT убирать, прибирать, приводить в порядок
to clean, to sweep, to put in order, e. g. It's so d i f -
f i c u l t for him to get into the habit of doing out his
things. I can never find anything when they've done
my study out.
, OUT OF надуть, не заплатить to cheat smb. of
smth. e. g. He has done us out of 5 roubles by his
dishonesty.
. UP 1. приводить в порядок, убирать; ремонтировать,
отделывать to make tidy, to repair, to decorate, e. g.
The f l a t needs doing up. Before the house is done up
we'll have to have some repairs done. 2. крайне утом-
лять to be tired out (only Passive), e. g. We went
for an outing and were quite done up after that. 3. за-
стегивать, завязывать to fasten, e. g. Do up your
coat. Your shoe-lace is undone, do it up before you
trip on it.
59
. . . W I T H удовлетворяться, обходиться, довольствоваться
to be satisfied w i t h as there is nothing better, e. g.
Can you do with a five-rouble note? That raincoat
of yours could do with a clean.
. . . WITHOUT обходиться без чего-л., кого-л. to manage
without smth., smb. e. g. I think I ' l l do without this
dictionary for the time being.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Quick, girls, do up your father's gaiters for him.
2. I wish she could do without tears this time.
3. " W i l l you do out his room today, then, Mamma?"
asked Mary.
4. "You'd better have your supper," she said. "I expect
Lewis can do w i t h it."
5. W e l l , you've done for yourself now, you are throw-
ing away your l i f e and all for nothing.
6. It is not right that you and the young gentleman
should be done out of what is yours.
7. She said she would do without any tea, ч ;
8. The Saskatchewan farmers were learning to f l y their
own small planes which were kept in their backyards and
that was doing away with many of the old pilots. .
9. "I'm not going to die," he told himself. "I'm not
dqne for yet,", he gurgled in his throat. : 6. Have you ever been done out of some money? How
10. For the last ten years I've done for Mrs : Srnith,
and now she tells me she doesn't want me any люге.
11. The long and tedious journey, coupled with the hot
weather, did .us, up.
12. I suppose, so, if the girls cannot do without his
money.
13. "Just one thing," said the tailor. "A touch to your
waistcoat." He unbuttoned the dissipated garment and did
it up again more symmetrically.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to do with appropriate
particles:
1. As a result of the Great October Socialist Revolution
private property was abolished in Russia. 2. In nursery schools
60
children are taught to take care of themselves. 3. Please
break the news c a r e f u l l y to him or he'll never recover.
4. Whenever she tried to clean out his study he asked her
not to touch his papers. 5. I can't fasten my shoe-laces,
they are too short. 6. A gale has got up. W i l l you please
turn up your collar and fasten your hood and raincoat.
7. During the war our people had to dispense with a lot
of things of f i r s t necessity. 8. Don't bother, please. If you
haven't got a red pencil I think I can use a green one.
9. If I were you I wouldn't take up this sport. You look
quite exhausted after every training. 10. He told the guide
that he wouldn't allow anybody to cheat him of the seat
he had duly paid for. 11. I don't like the way she wears
her jacket. It always looks like it needs buttoning up.
12. You'll have to pay if you want to get your flat paint-
ed and decorated.
III. Answer these questions:
1. How long can a man do without food? Are you aware
of the latest medical experiments?
2. Would you try to do without luxuries if your monthly
housekeeping came to a sum you hadn't foreseen?
3. Why don't children like doing up their coats?
4. Would you be able to do with the Hornby dictionary
when translating an article on medicine?
5. What might make you feel done up?
did it come about? Who was to blame for that?
7. Suppose you are done up. What's the best way of re-
covering strength?
8. Would you like to have the walls of your rooms paint-
ed or papered when you do the rooms up next spring?
9. Can you say that we have done away with prejudices?
10. W i l l you say that a car is done for if it has covered
a hundred thousand miles?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. He's been with us so long I don't think we can
do ... him now. 2. I feel quite done . . . but I t h i n k I
can do . . . an hour's sleep t i l l the party. 3. Belikov was
afraid of catching cold and he never went out w i t h o u t
61
doing . . . his coat. 4. I ' l l tip you off and I am sure you
can do . . . anybody's help. 5. I am almost out of paper
now. I ' l l have to do . . . a few sheets only. 6. We've
failed to do the old [regulations for reasons that
are completely outside our control. 7. Don't sit on the
grass here. You w i l l do . . . your dress. 8. I've told you
hundreds of times that you should do ... your shoes and
coat but I see everything goes in at one ear and out of
the other. 9. I think your suit is done . . . as ink stains
don't easily come out. 10. The wallpaper is shabby. The
room needs doing . . . . 11. When I do this room . . . ,
I'll paint the walls in stripes. It's in fashion now. 12. They
were all done . .. after the fire was put out. 13. Whenever
Rawdon came round to spend an evening with his aunt
he managed to do her a generous sum of money.
14. After the school-building was done ... the children
couldn't recognize their classrooms.
V. Make up sentences using the f o l l o w l n g t
to do away with; to do for; to be done for; to do out;
to do up; to do with; to do without
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. Why, I have to do for the f a m i l y too.
2. I'm sure he'll do without one meal.
3. But you have to do out the rooms first.
4. "Well, you're as good as done for," he laughed out.
5. He didn't mean to do you out of anything, I'm sure.
6. Well, if you feel done up, leave it for him to do.
7. The first thing was to do up the house.
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. All Is Well That Ends Well
to break down (one's plans); to be distressed; not to be
able to do without; to be done for; to come to the rescue;
to come out well
2. An Unexpected Visitor
to be up and about (from early morning); to do out
(one's flat); to feel done up; to come over; to be taken
unawares; to welcome heartily
3. A Busy Holiday
to go on holiday; to go away; to take care of} to do
for; to do out; to be done up
b) To be done in writing.
Luck in a Bag
A poor girl came over to do for the old man.
She came by a document in which there was informa-
tion about her father's will.
She didn't want to be done out of something that seem-
ed to be hers by right.
Once when the moment seemed ripe she did away with
the document.
VIII. Translate the following sentences:
1. Пора, наконец, покончить с нарушениями дисцип-
лины в группе. 2. Весть о том, что Гоголь покончил
с собой, потрясла русских людей. 3. Маленьких детей
следует приучать, чтобы они сами все делали для себя.
4. Старушке-матери было уже трудно убирать их боль-
шую квартиру, она часто недомогала. 5. Платье совер-
шенно испорчено, вам не следовало кроить его самой.
6. Вы должны помочь ему, иначе он погибнет. 7. Если бы
меня не обсчитали на 7 долларов, я думаю, я обошелся
бы той суммой, которая у меня была. А сейчас мне при-
дется занять долларов 5. 8. Вы говорите, что ваши рас-
ходы составили 30 фунтов? Боюсь, что вас обманули на
2 фунта. 9. Я полагаю, что в этой работе они могут
обойтись без меня, поскольку я еще новичок в этом
деле. 10. Сегодня холодно, застегни пальто, а то просту-
дишься. И. Почему ты не застегнешь рубашку, Петя?—
У меня оторвалась пуговица. 12. Отделка кабинета в со-
временном стиле будет стоить довольно дорого. 13. Я очень
рад, что занятия кончаются через неделю. Я чувствую
себя крайне утомленным.
63
IX Read and relate the stories:
"Hello!" said the other man. "What's the matter w i t h
1. you?"
Instalment Collector: See here, you're seven payments "Car accident," said the man on crutches.
behind on your piano. If you don't catch up you'll have "When did it happen?"
to do without it. "Oh, about six weeks ago."
Purchaser: Well, the company advertises, "Pay as you "And you still have to do with crutches?"
play." "Well, my doctor says I could do without them and
Instalment Collector: What's that got to do with it? my lawyer says I can't."
Purchaser: I play very poorly.
6.
2.
Still Green
"Mama," said her little six-year-old daughter, "please
do up my dress." Boss: You are twenty minutes late again. You ought
"You w i l l have to do it yourself, dear," was the reply. to do away with the habit of coming late. Don't you know
"Mother's too busy doing out the rooms." what time we start work at our factory.
"Oh, dear," exclaimed the little girl. "I don't know New Employee: No, sir, they are always at it when
what I'd do without myself." I get here.
3.
Cat-Pilot
"Mama," said little Elsie, "I do wish I had some money Smith: My wife asked me to take our old cat off some-
to give you for the poor children."
Her mother wishing to teach her the lesson of self- where and lose it. So I put it in a basket and tramped out
sacrifice, said, "Very well, dear; if you would like to do into the forest for about eight miles.
without sugar for a week, I'll give you the money instead Jones: Did you lose the cat?
and then you will have some." Smith; Lose it! I thought I was done for. But for the
The little one considered solemnly for a moment and cat I would never have got back home.
then said, "Must it be sugar, mama?"
"Why, no, darling, not necessarily. What would you
like to do without?"
"Soap, mama," was Elsie's answer.
4.
"Are you positive," demanded the counsel, "that the-
prisoner is the man who did you out of £ 100 and stole
your car?"
"Well," answered the witness, "I was until you cross-
examined me. Now I'm not sure whether I ever had a car
and money at all."
5.
Two friends met in the street after not having seen
each other for some time. One of them was using crutches.
64 7-513
share your views. 7. Could you use your influence to per-
suade him to agree to the scheme suggested by us? 8. It
cut him to the quick when I told him that their newspa-
per had had lower sales lately. 9. Last month road accidents
in this area sharply went down. 10. His injured leg was
much of a handicap during the event and he got behind
the other contestants. 11. "You haven't given me your
homework yet,* said the teacher. 12. He used to be an
ardent fighter for the rights of women. Now he is married
and his enthusiasm seems to have become much smaller.
13. There was a l u l l in the boys' game as the two parties
withdrew to regain strength.
HI. Answer these questions:
1. You are an admirer of ancient relics, aren't you? Did
you f a l l for ancient temples of Samarkand?
2. Do you usually try to fall in with the arrangements
of the friends you stay with? Why?
3. Do cinema attendances fall off in summer? Why?
4. Why did Vronsky fall out with his family?
5. What do you do to avoid your arrangements falling
through?
6. What would you feel if you fell out with a friend of
yours over something?
7. What was the turning point in World War II that
brought about the falling back of the fascist troops?
8. Suppose that a student has fallen behind the group.
What would you advise him to do to catch up?
9. W i l l the electricity supply be cut off if you fall behind
with the payment of your (electricity) bill?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Her book enjoyed but a moment's popularity. The
interest aroused f e l l . . . rapidly. 2. The young mother
enjoying the endless why-questions' talk of her five-year
old son, fell . . . the company. 3. They fell their
work and had to stay up till late at night. 4. The attack
of the partisans was so sudden and vigorous that the Ger-
mans had to f a l l ... leaving their prisoners and transport.
5. Don't f a l l . . . him so heavily. He admits that he has
acted recklessly, but what's done cannot be undone. 6. When
the hikers came back to the camp they were as hungry
as hunters and fell ... the food placed before them. 7. This
68
argument is off the mark. W h y should you f a l l . . . over it?
8. My wife indulges our children too much and I often
fall her over bringing them up. 9. The business talks
fell . . . as neither side would give in. 10. They are a queer
lot. They seemed to be all on my side, yet f e l l
me when I least expected it. 11. The two aunts never
got on very well, but they fell ... completely over choos-
ing a school for their nephew. 12. I admit that the outing
fell . . . because it had not been planned very well. 13. He
fell . the management and left the office. 14. The
demand for fabrics has fallen . . . recently. 15. What kind
of person would you f a l l . . . at first sight? 16. Camping
is his hobby. I'm sure he will f a l l ... your idea of a hol-
iday.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to f a l l off; to fall behind (with); to fall in with; to
fall back; to f a l l for; to f a l l out (with); to fall through
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. No wonder he fell for her at once,
2. I see now why she has fallen out with them.
3. This is just the kind of idea he would f a l l in w i t h ,
4. Just see, how your friends will start f a l l i n g off now,
5. Of course, he fell behind from the very start.
6. Well, the plan has fallen through f i n a l l y .
VII. Make up situations using the following,
a) To be done orally.
1. Beginning at the Wrong End
to fall out with smb. (over the holiday plans); to go
back on (one's promise); to break down (the plans); to come
across (an old friend); to fall in with (the plans); to go
about; to come out well
2. Л False Friend
to make promises; to come out with; to keep o f f ; to
fall on; to fall out; to fall off
3. How Our Plan Fell Through
to make arrangements; to get up; to fall behind ( w i t h ) ,
to fall; to f a l l out (with); to fall through
69
 b) To be done in writing.
Friendship Cannot Stand Always on the Side
The attraction was so strong that he fell for her in
a most gratifying way.
There seemed to be nothing they ever fell out over.
Gradually he began to see through her little schemes
and they fell out on more than one occasion.
His best friend wistfully saw their friendship fall off.
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
Bringing Over
to take place to be away (with
to bring up a cold)
to fall out (with) to come up (questions)
to fall in with to fall on
to come off (about a plan) to bring over
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. Сейчас даже трудно поверить, что еще несколько
лет тому назад они почти единодушно нападали на его
теорию. 2. Я знаю, что вы разошлись во мнениях по это-
му вопросу, но нужно постараться придти к какому-то
решению. 3. Увидев сердитое лицо Джона, она поняла,
что его проект провалился. 4. Он опоздал с выплатой
нескольких взносов и вынужден был отказаться от ма-
шины. 5. Число участников экскурсии сократилось, как
только стал известен маршрут. 6. Неожиданно появилась
полиция и забастовщикам пришлось отступить. 7. Мало-
вероятно, что они согласятся с вашими доводами. Вы
привели слабые аргументы в защиту своей точки зрения.
8. Случаи заболевания гриппом сократились за последнее
время. 9. Я знаю, что внешность бывает обманчива, но
тем не менее он мне понравился с первого взгляда.
10. Сейчас этот обычай еще бытует среди людей старого
поколения, но, очевидно, он скоро отживет.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
Friend (to Jones putting up an arch in the garden):
"What on earth are you putting up that thing for?"
"Oh, just a whim of the wife's."
70
"Why didn't you talk her out of it?"
"It's no use falling out with her over anything. She
has a whim of iron."
2.
Rent collector's wife: What are you looking so worried
about, Harris?
Rent collector: The landlord has become a client of our
firm and if I fall behind with my rent I will get fired
for inefficiency.
3.
— Statistics show that the eyesight of boys is superior
to that of girls.
— Yes! I know. I fell for a girl last summer who
couldn't see me at all.
4.
— Where's the cashier?
— He's gone to the races.
— Has he gone to the races in business hour?
— Yes, sir.
— Has he fallen for any particular horse?
— Oh, no, sir. But it's his last chance of making the
books balance.
5.
An electrician was examining an electric refrigerator
that was using too much electricity and couldn't get at
the reason. Then he idly asked the cook: "How do you
like the refrigerator?"
"I like it very much," she said. "I open the door and
it cools off the whole kitchen."
"Good for you, but I am afraid your mistress will fall
on you when she comes to know about your cooling sys-
tem."
6.
A student at a university wrote an essay where he
brought out a few points which, he claimed, were interest-
ing and original. Some of his fellow-students fell out with
him over these points and the essay was brought to the
tutor for criticism. The tutor went over the essay and came
out with his judgement.
71
 "Mr Harris," he said, ,*your essay is both interesting
and original. Unfortunately the interesting parts are not
original and the original parts are not interesting.*
XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them.
Pleasures of Gardening
to clear away (the unnecessary things): to come on
(well); to come out (flowers); to feel done up (but happy);
to be unable to do with (one flower only); to fall on;
to be broken down
GET ...
ABOUT 1. ходить, ездить, путешествовать to move
about, to go to places, e. g. He was in bed for a
month, but he is getting about again. He gets about
a great deal. 2. распространяться (о слухах, новостях
и т. д.) to spread (of a rumour or story), e. g. The
story has got about everywhere. 3. приступать to
attend to one's duties, e. g. Get about your work
without further delay.
ACROSS перебираться, переправляться, пересекать
to pass to the other side, to come across, e. g. Don't
try to ge,| across while the lights are_.against you.
ALONG 1. преуспевать to make progress, e. g. How
are you getting along with your work? 2. справляться,
обходиться без (with, without) to manage in difficult
circumstances, e. g. Don't worry about money, we
shall get along all right. I hope he'll get along with
the work. I am sure you can't get along without him.
AT 1. достать, добраться до to reach with d i f f i c u l t y ,
to get hold of. e. g. He dropped his hat in the water
and we couldn't get at it. 2. понять, выяснить, до-
браться до сути to understand, to find out. e. g. We
must get at the truth. 3. иметь в виду to mean, to
imply. e.''g. Although I followed carefully all he said,
I could not see what he was getting at. 4. придираться,
подтрунивать to find fault with, to banter, e. g. I
know I have my faults but that is no reason why
she should be constantly getting at me.
AWAY отправляться, уходить; спастись, избавиться
to start, to go away; to escape, e. g. Don't ask her
how she is, if she starts talking about her health
you'll never get away from her. They say he has man-
aged to get away for the holidays.
73
 AWAY WITH легко отделаться от наказания, выйти
сухим из воды to escape punishment, e. g. You have
broken down their plans. I don't think you'll manage
to get away with it.
BACK получить обратно; вернуться to have smth.
back; to return, to come back. e. g. I lent him that
book months ago, I must get it back. I'll get back
at 6 o'clock.
DOWN спускаться, сходить; снимать (с полки) to
descend; to take down. e. g. W i l l you get down the
books (from the shelf) for me? I can't reach them. 2. по-
давлять, угнетать, подрывать здоровье to depress
smb. e. g. These things are getting me down. She soon
gets down, but she just as soon recovers her cheerful-
ness.
DOWN TO браться, засесть за учение, работу и т. д.
to settle down to one's study, work, business, facts,
etc. e. g. Now, if you have nothing against we'll get
down to business.
IN (INTO) 1. входить, садиться (в трамвай и т. д.)
to enter a carriage, e. g. I forgot the key and couldn't
get in. The bus is starting we must get in. We got
into the car. 2. приносить to bring, to fetch, e. g.
W i l l you get some chairs in? 3. прибывать to arrive.
e. g. The train got in on shedule. 4. убирать в поме-
щение (урожай, сено и т. п.), загонять скот to gather
smth. into store; to bring home, to take in. e. g. It
was a long dry -summer and the harvest was easy to
get in. Tom, w i l l you get the sheep in?
INTO надевать, напяливать to put on with difficulty.
e. g. He can't get into this pullover, it's shrunk.
OFF 1. выходить, слезать to remove oneself, to alight.
e. g. I am getting off the bus at the next stop. 2. из-
бежать наказания to escape punishment, e. g. He
should have been punished but he got off. 3. снимать
(платье), счищать, очищать (краску и т. д.), отвер-
тывать to remove smth. e. g. Let me help you to get
your coat off. He couldn't get the paint off his sleeve.
I can't get this screw-cap1 off. 4. (with) отделаться
1
screw-cap n завинчивающаяся пробка
74
«Sr
(штрафом, царапиной и т. д.) to escape punishment
or misfortune (with a fine, scratches, etc.). e. g. He
got off with a caution.
ON 1. садиться на (лошадь, автобус и т. д.) to
mount, to board, e. g. Let's get on the first bus that
comes along. 2. надевать to put on. e. g. Don't forget
to get on your coat. 3. стареть to become aged. e. g.
"How old is she now?" "I don't know but she's getting on
(in years)."
ON (WITH) делать успехи, преуспевать to make pro-
gress, to advance, e. g. How are you getting on? The
building is getting on fast. How is the spring cleaning
getting on? I must get on with my work. 2. ладить,
быть в хороших отношениях to be on good terms, e. g.
You could hardly expect two people of opposed tem-
peraments to get on well. I've always got on very
well with my colleagues.
OUT 1. выходить, вылезать to dismount, to alight,
to get off. e. g. When the plane landed he was the
first to get out. 2. вытаскивать, вынимать to take
smb., smth. out; to draw smb., smth. out. e. g. I can't
get the key out. My children like to swim so much
that I can't get them out of the water. The position
is difficult but there is no getting out of it. 3. (of)
вытягивать, выведывать to cause to be out. e. g. The
reporters got the whole story out of him.
OVER 1. перейти, перелезть, переправиться через;
пройти (расстояние) to cross, to climb or be over;
to cover, e. g. I'm sure they'll get over the distance
in some twenty minutes. Tom Sawyer got over the
fence and was gone. 2. поправиться, оправиться (после
болезни, от испуга); преодолеть to recover (from an
illness, a shock, surprise, disappointment, etc.); to
overcome, e. g. He is getting over 'flu well. I can't
get over his bad manners. We'll have to get over that
d i f f i c u l t y somehow. 3. передавать (знания, сведения
и т. д.) to convey (knowledge, information, etc.). e. g.
He has a thorough knowledge of his subject but he is
unable to get it over to an audience.
ROUND (AROUND) 1. уговорить, заставить кого-л.
сделать по-своему to persuade smb. in one's own in-
75
 terests. e. g. She knows how to get round her parents.
2. обойти (закон, инструкцию и т. д.) to evade with
impunity (law, regulations), e. g. He tried to get
round the regulations. 3. распространяться to spread.
e. g. The story has got round.
... THROUGH 1. закончить to reach the end of. e. g.
I hope, we'll get through that pile of work on Satur-
day. 2. сдать экзамен to pass a test. e. g. He's
got through the examination. 3. (to) дозвониться to
contact smb. on the telephone, e. g. We tried to telep-
hone you last night but the line was busy and we
couldn't get through. The line is constantly engaged.
I can't get through to him. 4. тратить (время, деньги
и т. д.) to spend (time, money, etc.). e. g. They've
got through the money you gave them.
... UP 1. вставать, поднимать (с постели) to rise from
bed, to rouse smb. from sleep, e. g. He asked me to
get him up at 7.30. 2. подниматься, усиливаться
(о ветре, пожаре) to rise (of wind, fire, etc.), to in-
crease, e. g. In the afternoon the wind got up and increas-
ed to a gale. 3. организовывать (вечер), ставить
(пьесу) to organize (a party), to arrange (a play), e. g.
What do you say to our getting up a party?
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Last night I was f i x i n g my wife's electric iron and
I was getting along fine until I ran into this jigger.
2. You'll get along with him all right, he is a fine
old man.
3. It may take a while to get through the red tape.
4. Dad, is it true that I absolutely can't get at any of
my money?
5. She was a big woman, like I was when I could
still get about.
6. Then they got on the elephant and the picnic began
to unwind out of the corridor.
7. I rang up the hospital. It took me over two hours
to get through.
8. One of our difficulties is that we can never get at
the facts on which these opinions are based.
76
9. Olney got up to go but turned at the door and
delivered a parting shot.
10. I don't mind telling you, though, this air gets me
down. It isn't like the desert air.
11. Arthur thought: "You (the officers) won't get me
down."
12. George Moffgat was f u l l of eager efficiency and
impatience to get on with the matter in hand.
13. He stops and gets off his bike.
14. I was much more confident than George that I
should get along with Eden or with anyone I met.
15. The town was not large enough for one to stay
quite anonymous, and some of my exploits got round.
16. For my age I got off lightly, in being free from
most of the minor shames.
17. Red got out of her embrace and helped her to her
feet. "Mama?" he said. "Turn on a light."
18. "By the way, what about Townsend?" he asked
suddenly. "Is he going to become Colonial Secretary?"
"I shouldn't wonder," answered Walter. "He's the sort that
gets on."
19. It was notorious among their friends that the couple
did not get on.
20. "I'm getting on, Soames. At my age I might die
any time."
21. "She told me you are going away." "These rumours
get about."
22. "There's just one other house of my relations I must
take you to," Soames said. "You'll find it funny, but we
must get it over."
23. This went on and on, and he never got through t i l l
he woke with the word Irene on his lips.
24. Local big wigs made a big show of the fact that
another school was celebrating its centenary recently. The
parents got up a show of a different sort in protest.
25. His name was Greene and no one could get through
money quicker. It seemed to be his only aim in l i f e .
26. I'd never have got through those first years without
h i m and the bit of money he'd lend me now and then.
27. "Did my telephone calls bother you much last night?"
"Not too much. I seem to be getting over it a little."
28v Sooner or later you'll have to get over the idea
that the whole world revolves around you.
77
23. Would you get down to the task you're given at once?
24. Should a student get down to work from the first day
of the school-year?
25. Is it easy or difficult to get over a mountain river?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. This word is on the tip of my tongue but I can't
get it ... at the moment. 2. Don't be put out by his
remarks. He has got bed on the wrong side today.
3. She was anxious not to let the children get her
sight. 4. They had to put the defendant to cross-examina-
tion to get the truth him. 5. The habits of a life-
time are not got ... immediately. 6. You have committed
a traffic offence and are liable to a fine. You can't get ...
the law. You'd better come down with the money at once.
7. Don't let the cat out of the bag if you don't want the
story to go . . . immediately. 8. What with one thing, and
another 1 couldn't get ... the work in time. 9. You should
round off, you've already got ... the allotted time. 10. I am
absolutely broke. I've got ... all the money. 11. She
got ... her examination but she only just scraped through.
12. The wind got ... very suddenly and we had to go
ashore to wait for the storm to go down. 13. Who is going
to get ... the concert? 14. The programme is got ... well
and we expect the concert to go off nicely. 15. He is a
semi-invalid now and can't get ... as well as he used to.
16. The more you try to hush a thing up the more rumours
get ... which are ten times worse than the truth.
17. The Smiths aroused the neighbours' suspicion: the hus-
band and the wife never got ... together and soon it
got ... that there was a skeleton in their cupboard. 18. The
sweets were put out of reach, the child was up to another
trick to get them. 19. It isn't very easy to get . . .
the structure of albumen. 20. I wish I could get . . . my
French dictionary. 1 lent it to Peter but he hasn't been
about lately. 21. What a weak-willed person he is! As soon
as something doesn't go well with him he gets ... at once.
22. When the car pulled up at the gate we saw that we
couldn't all get ... and Mother was the one to stay be-
hind. 23. Our train was behind and got . . . only at mid-
night. 24. The students got ... chairs and the lecture began.
25. I'm glad I am three kilos down again. I can get . . .
my dresses now. 26. A driver usually gets his licence punch-
82
ed for such offences but he got a fine. 27. We
always try to get... from the noise and heat of the city
for a month or two each summer. 28. It's a non-stop train.
We'll get ... Brighton in twenty minutes' time. 29. Don't
say you are getting ...! You don't look a day older. 30. I'm
afraid you've missed your stop. You should have got . ..
half an hour ago. 31. "Get ... your cap and do up your
coat," said the mother. "It's freezing today." 32. Let's
get ... for a breather. It's stuffy in the tram. 33. People of the
same character do not always get . . . very well. 34. Get
the lamp-shade ... for me. It needs cleaning. 35. Don't
worry about him. I am sure he'll get ... lightly. 36. The
construction of the plant is getting .. . fast and is close
to completion. 37. You can't be rude to everyone and
expect to get it forever. 38. Why, the child has
climbed up the tree, but how will he get . . . ? 39. They
are expected to get work at once. 40. Will you
get the book ... for me? It's on the upper shelf.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to get about (2); to get at (1, 2); to get down; to get
in (1, 2); to get off (1, 3); to get on (2); to get on with;
to get over (1,2); to get round (1); to get through (1,2); to
get up (1,3)
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. I'm sure it is the domestic worries that are getting
him down.
2. They are getting along with their work nicely, aren't
they?
3. I don't think they'll let him get away with it.
4. So he did get off with 'a fine.
5. I wonder, how these problems are to be got over.
6. She wouldn't get round him, that's out of the
question.
7. That's one of the duties that can't be got out of.
83
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. A Naturalist
to get about (a great deal); to break up (the studies);
to get on (the train); to come across (an unknown plant);
to try to get at; to bring out (the importance oi smth.)
2. Getting up an Amateur Performance
to get up an amateur performance; to be for; to get on;
to fall behind with the lines (one of the actors); to be
afraid to be in for; to come across (an old friend); to get
round; to come off (well)
3. An Accident
to go for a week-end; to get into (a car); to be behind
(time); to speed up; to try and get across; nearly to cob
lide; to be done for; to get off with scratches and bruises
b) To be done in writing.
A Builder and an Actor All in One
After the studies broke up a group of teenagers decided
to start for a Siberian village.
The story got about and many others expressed a desire
to join them.
They got a task to build a village club.
The young people got on pretty well with the villagers.
The villagers asked them to get up a concert at the
club.
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:
Getting up a Concert
to get up (a concert) to fall behind
to get on to be on
to come off well to come over.(and see the dress
to get down (to preparing) rehearsal)
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. Боюсь, что они не смогут выбраться раньше шести
утра. 2. Ветер еще не стих, лучше наденьте пальто.
3. Я видел, как столкнулись две машины, но, к счастью,
пассажиры отделались только царапинами. 4. Как жаль,
84
что они не смогли вывести пятно на платье, и сейчас
оно никуда не годится. 5. Хотя ему идет уже 50-й год,
он полон сил и энергии. 6. Я не думаю, что вам
удастся легко отделаться на этот раз. 7. Прошел слух,
что он возвращается в январе. 8. В течение месяца после
несчастного случая, ему пришлось ходить на костылях.
9. Она положила лекарство на полку, где дети не могли
достать его. 10. Хотя я очень внимательно слушал его,
я не мог понять, к чему он клонит. 11. Я знаю, что
у меня есть свои недостатки, но это не дает ей права
постоянно придираться ко мне. 12. Подвесная дорога сей-
час не работает, и боюсь, что вы не сможете перебраться
через реку. 13. В конце концов работа и домашние за-
боты подорвали здоровье Луизы. 14. Интересно, как ему
удалось избежать наказания. 15. Мы провели весь день
на пляже и вернулись, когда было уже темно. 16. Наш
поезд прибыл в полночь. 17. Вы сели не на тот автобус.
Вам придется сойти на следующей остановке. 18. Палец
распух немного, и я не могу сейчас снять кольцо. 19. Она
расстраивается из-за каждого пустяка. 20. Хотя я и дру-
жен с ним, но меня иногда раздражает его самоуверен-
ность. 21. Не думаю, что вам удастся что-нибуть узнать
у него (вытянуть из него). Он довольно твердый орешек.
22. Боюсь, что вам не удастся от этого избавиться.
23. Все зависит от вас. Это не такие трудности, чтобы
их нельзя было преодолеть. 24. Не могу примириться
с его манерой смотреть свысока на людей. 25. Удивляюсь,
как вам удалось уговорить ее. Она мне сказала, что
твердо решила уехать. 26. Когда вы закончите всю эту
работу? 27. Совершенно неожиданно была создана' новая
компания, которая стала их основным конкурентом.
28. Мы не смогли дозвониться им и решили послать
телеграмму. 29. Тетушка не могла понять, как это Родон
ухитрился так быстро растратить деньги. 30. Вы уверены,
что им уже удалось перебраться через горы?
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
A lodger was complaining of poor meals. "The man is
doing us out of our money," he said of the proprietor, "and
he gets off with it. But I'll get at him one day. This
stuff for instance, isn't fit for a pig to eat, and I am not
going to eat it."
85
 8.
2. A girl was driving in her new car when something went
A man went to his doctor and requested treatment for his wrong with the engine. The traffic light changed from green
to red and back to green and still she couldn't get across.
ankle. After a careful examination, the doctor asked: The traffic cop came up. "What's the matter, Miss?" he
"How long have you been going about like this?"
asked. "Haven't we got colours you like?"
"Two weeks."
"Why, man, your ankle is broken! How you managed 9.
to get about is a marvel! Why didn't you come to me at
Baffling
first?'
"Well, doctor, every time I say something is wrong The young teacher had spent a f u l l hour instructing her
with me, my wife goes at me and says I'll have to get third grade class in some of the wonders of nature and said,
over my habit of smoking." "Isn't it wonderful how little chickens got out of their shells?"
One little eight-year old lad, quite practical, quizzed
3. back, "What gets me is how they got in."
She'. 1 never saw a married couple who got on so well 10.
with each other as Mr and Mrs Ross.
He: Humph. I know! Each of them does exactly as she Coward
likes. — How'd you get on with that fight with your wife, the
4. other night?
— Ah, she came crawling to me on her knees.
"I'd hate to be in your shoes," said a woman, as she — And what did she say?
was quarrelling with her neighbour. — Come out from under that bed, you coward.
"You couldn't get into them," sarcastically remarked
the neighbour.
5.
— Hasn't Elsie got on a spiritual evening dress? f
— What do you mean, spiritual?
— Well, there isn't much material in it.
6.
Suitor: How does your sister like the engagement ring
I gave her, Bobby?
Bobby: Well, it's a little too small, she has an awfully
hard time getting it off when the other fellows call.
7.
— You didn't carry out your plans to elope?
— No, I found father was planning to move and I didn't
know where we'd find him when we got back.

86
jU>• ^
G I V E ...
AWAY подводить, предавать; выдавать (секрет) to
betray (a person); to reveal (a secret or information).
e. g. For several months the criminal managed to evade
the police by assuming a false name, but in the end
one of his accomplices gave him away. You will spoil
the game if you give away the answers to the questions.
. BACK возвращать to restore (a thing) to its owner.
e. g. When are you going to give him back his camera?
. IN 1. сдавать, подавать to hand in. e. g. Don't forget
to give in your exercise-books. 2. (to) сдаваться, усту-
пать to surrender, to yield to a person's desires or
wishes, e. g. The soldiers fought valiantly, but finally
they had to give in. Though he was ill, he stuck at
his work, and refused to give in. At first he wouldn't
let her drive the car but she was so persuasive that he
eventually gave in to her.
, . . OFF испускать, издавать (жар, запах и т. п.) to emit
(heat, a smell, etc.) e. g. The liquid gave off a strong
smell.
... OUT 1. раздавать, распределять to distribute, e. g.
A young woman standing at the door gave out leaflets
to all those who entered the hall. 2. оглашать, объяв-
лять to announce, to make known, e. g. They gave out
the names of the winners on the radio. 3. иссякать,
кончаться (о запасах) to become exhausted, to come
to an end. e. g. When we were only a few miles from
our destination the petrol gave out.
... UP 1. сдаваться, уступать to abandon an attempt,
to cease trying to do smth. e. g. I'm tired of being
chased by the police, I'm going to give myself up.
A really determined person never gives up. 2. оставить,
отказаться (от работы, и т. п.); прекращать (делать
что-л.) to resign; to cease doing smth. e. g. She gave up
her job to look after her invalid mother. He gave up
smoking. 3. оставлять, бросать (привычку); бросать,
порывать (с кем-л.) to discontinue a habit; to abandon
smb. e. g. If you feel that a habit is enslaving you,
it should be given up. Having been given up by the
wife he took to drink.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Three and a half hours until getting up time, if I
could get off now, it would still do some good. . . When
the workmen began mending the pipes in the bathroom
opposite, I gave it up and switched on the light to read.
2. When I had given out the hot drinks and helped
her to rub the backs and heels of immobile patients, I had
to do a spot of cleaning and then wash and iron some
linen bandages.
3. I had given up all thought of ever getting to bed,
when some of them began to say they had to get back to the
aerodrome and miraculously the party broke up.
4. I said: "Please Ma'am, I should like to give in my
notice."
5.. He had such a private distrust and even d i s l i k e
of the word "original" that he felt he had not really given
himself away by this remark.
6. The news was given out this morning.
7. Horace gave up all his limited spare time to the
superintendance of the child's first steps in knowledge.
8. "Your repentance, of course, does you credit," said
Professor Bindon, "but it does not alter the original facts. 11
"No, sir," said Hill, giving in in utter self-abasement.
9. Some flowers give off their richest fragrance at night.
10. I will not give in, Lanny^ decided, and turned and
walked away.
II Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to give with appropriate
particles.
1. Your secret is safe with me. I won't let it on. 2. He
didn't want to go to the cinema but they begged so hard
that he yielded to their desire and went with them. 3. He
89

returned all the books he had borrowed. 4. Because of
difficulties in obtaining a visa Mr Black had to relinquish
the idea of visiting the USA on holiday. 5. Although he
agreed with me on most points, there was one on which he
was unwilling to yield. 6. The men crossing the Sahara
found to their horror that their supplies would come to an
end before they reached safety. 7. The escaped prisoner
had tried to disguise his appearance, but a scar on his
cheek betrayed him. 8. His patience came to an end and he
slapped the child hard. 9. The announcer said over the radio
that the 3. 30 train to Manchester would start from Platform
4. 10. The teacher said that she would hand out the students'
exercise-books at the next lesson. 11. If he pleads with you
to let him stay at home from school, you mustn't yield
to his wish. 12. He seemed so ungrateful for anything we
did that we have ceased trying to help him. 13. When
nitric acid is poured on copper, a brown vapour is emitted.
II. Answer these questions:
1. What would you do if your friend gave you away?
2. You would never give away your friend's secret, would
you?
3. When are you supposed to give back the books borrowed
by you from the library?
4. How often should you give in your English exercise-
books?
5. What do you think of a person, who would never give
in no matter how hard his work is?
6. What kinds of liquid give off a strong smell?
7. Should you sometimes give in to your children? Why?
8. How do you get to know the names of winners at the
stadiums?
9. What do you do when your patience gives out?
10. What should a person do if he wants to give up smoking?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. His attempts to swim the Channel had to be abandoned
on account of the rough seas, which had already caused
all the other competitors to give . . . and return to the
English coast from which they had started. 2. Before their
talents were recognized by the public many great artists
had spent years in poverty, but they had not given . . . .
3. The fact that wasn't given . . . was that the man who
won the race had begun training only a fortnight before.
4. So grateful were they to discover that the money they
had lost had been given ... and that they gave the finder
a reward. 5. You can't get round him, he sees you through.
You won't make him give ... to you. 6. Will you please
give ... the forms which must be filled in right away.
7. But for her poor health she would have never given .. .
her job. 8. When the motor was set in motion it started
giving .'.. heat. 9. This is the second time I have been
given ... by that person. I shall never trust him again.
10. They suspected that the secret had been given ... by
one of their friends.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to give away; to give back; to give in (1,2); to give
out; to give up
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. He couldn't have given his friends away.
2. You oughtn't to have given in.
3. He should have given him up long ago.
4. Do you mean to say that all the copies of the pamphlet
h#ve been given out?
5. He is not the one to give up.
6. She is not going to give up her job, is she?
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. Giving Up a Bad Habit
to take to drinking; to give up (a job); to be down and
out; to come down on; to bring over; to get over; to give up
2. A False Friend
to confide to; to rely on smb.; to be up to; to give
away; to be in for; to get at (the truth); to fall out with
91
 — Willingly, my pet.
b) To be done in writing. — I'm sorry. I could never marry such a booby.
Mother should not have Given in
2.
The boy was brought up by a loving mother who could
never say "No" to him. When a small child he never gave Joan: It's so bad of you. You said you wouldn't give
back toys to children who were ready to share them with away that secret I told you.
Jean: I didn't give it away. I exchanged it for another.
him. .
Many times his mother tried not to give in but each 3.
time she failed. Miss Joan Caulfield was waiting for guests and the
Little by little all his friends fell out with him.
individual portions of cold cuts and salad had been'neatly
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:
set out, but her spaniel got into the kitchen and ate up
one of them, The hostess was at a loss. The maid persuaded
A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed her to redivide the remaining portions and u n w i l l i n g l y
to be up and down to get smb. down Miss Caulfield gave in.
to get on with smb. to give back The unwitting guests arrived, ate and made merry-—
to owe money to smb. to do without until Miss Caulfield looked out of the window and saw her
to invite to come over spaniel lying dead on the terrace. "He's been poisoned,"
to give up a job
to hope to get through she cried in horror, and then told her guests what had
happened before they came.
IX. Translate the following sentences: There followed a mad rush to the hospital. When Miss
C a u l f i e l d got home she found her neighbour waiting for her.
1. Фашисты пытали юношу, но он не выдал партизан. 1 "Wasn't it awful about your poor doggy?" she gushed
2. Не может быть, чтобы она выдала наш секрет. 3. Как "I saw the truck run over him, but you were having such
жаль, что она еще не вернула книгу. Мне она так нужна f u n with the guests I didn't want to disturb you."
сейчас. 4. Не забудьте просмотреть диктанты, прежде
чем сдадите тетради. 5. Весной в саду все фруктовые
деревья благоухают. 6. Если бы я был на вашем месте,
я не уступил бы ей. 7. Было объявлено, что рейс 910
отменили из-за плохой погоды. 8. Я думаю, вам придется
отказаться от мысли провести свой отпуск на юге в июле. '
В это время там будет очень жарко. 9. Как жаль, что
он бросил музыку. 10. Вы не должны бросать ее в беде.

X. Read and relate the stories:

1.
— Darling, will you be my wife?
— W i l l you always let me do just what I like?
— Certainly.
— Can mother live with us?
— Of course, dear.
— W i l l you give up the club and always give me money
when I ask for it?
92

GO ...
ABOUT 1. ходить, гулять to wander, to walk about.
e. g. The tourists went about Moscow. 2. циркулиро-
вать (о слухах и т. п.) to pass from person to person
(of rumours, stories, news, etc.) to get about, e. g.
This story is going about the town. It goes about that
he has left. 3. приступить к работе, заняться to set
to work at smth., to get about smth. e. g. I must go
about my work or I shall be all behind.
ASIDE отойти в сторону to move away. e. g. Let's
11 •
go aside for a few moments.
BACK возвращаться to return, e. g. We had better
ii•
go back to the house. It's beginning to rain.
BY 1. руководствоваться to be guided by. e. g. In deciding
the question you shouldn't go by instinct. 2. работать
с помощью чего-л. to work by means of smth. e. g.
This engine goes by electricity.
DOWN 1. уезжать (из столицы за город, из города
в деревню) to go to the country from the capital or
town (to a place regarded as less important), e. g.
I believe he's going down to Exeter for the week-end.
2. затонуть to sink (of a ship) e. g. After the collision
the ship went down. 3. падать; снижаться (о ценах);
стихать (о ветре) to fall (of persons, things, prices,
wind, etc.). e. g. He tripped over a root and went down.
The prices go down. 4. верить; одобряться (with smb.)
to be believed; to be favourably received, e. g. This
story won't go down with me, you are not telling the
truth. How did his speech go down with the audience?
. FOR 1. наброситься, обрушиться to attack either
physically or by words, e. g. The boys began to go for
one another. 2. стремиться (к чему-л.) to aim at smth.
e. g. Make up your mind what you want in life and
go for it.
04
IN FOR заниматься чём-л., увлекаться to indulge in,
to take up as an occupation, interest or hobby, e. g.
He is going in for law.
INTO изучать, расследовать to examine, to investigate,
to look into. e. g. We'll have to go into the whole
subject.
OFF 1. взорваться, выстрелить to explode, to fire. e. g.
The bomb went off. £ сойти, пройти to come off,
to happen, to take place, e. g. The concert went off
very well. 3. стать хуже (потерять свежесть, подурнеть,
испортиться) to go bad (of food), to fade (of colour,
beauty, looks, feeling, etc.). e. g. The ham has gone off
slightly. She used to be a beautiful girl but she's gone
off a lot in the last year or two. 4. терять сознание
to lose consciousness, e. g. She went off at once under
the anaesthetic.
. ON 1. (упорно) продолжать делать что-л., идти дальше
to continue any action, to continue a journey, e. g.
Don't wait for me, I'm not quite ready. Go on and
I'll catch you up. Go on reading, please. 2. происходить,
иметь место to happen, to take place (usu. in Continuous).
e. g. It's been going on for years.
. ON WITH продолжать что-л. to resume smth., to
continue smth. e. g. Go on with your story.
. OUT 1. бывать в обществе, ходить в театры, на кон-
церты to mix in society, to go to concerts, theatres.
e. g. I don't feel like going out today. He asked her
to go out with him. 2. погаснуть (об освещении и т. п.)
to cease to burn (of a fire, a flame, a light, etc.). e. g.
The lights went out. 3. выйти из моды, устареть
to become obsolete (of fashions, customs, ideas, methods,
etc.). e. g. Those shoes are going out already.
. OVER 1. поехать to go to. e. g. He is going over to
France soon. 2. переходить, переезжать на другую
сторону to pass to the other side. e. g. They went over
the Volga by a ferry-boat. 3. перечитывать, просматри-
вать to read over, to look through, e. g. Would you
mind going over this work for me? 4. изучать в дета-
лях, осматривать to make a thorough study of smth.,
to examine carefully in every part. e. g. Let's go over
his references and see what he's like.
95
... THROUGH 1. тщательно разбирать или обсуждать
пункт за пунктом to examine or discuss carefully, e. g.
Let's go through the arguments again. 2. испытывать,
переживать to suffer, to endure, e. g. During the war
we went through a great deal of hardships. 3. проде-
лать, исполнить to perform, to accomplish, e. g. It
took him no time to go through the customs. He went
through a lot of work last time.
... TO понести расход; иметь заботы to incur expenses;
to take trouble, e. g. She went to a lot of trouble and
expense to restore her old house.
... UP 1. подходить вплотную к кому-л. (чему-л.) to
approach, e. g. He went up to her and asked her something.
2. ездить в столицу с периферии, из деревни в город
to go to the capital, to town from the country, e. g.
He used to go up to town every Sunday. 3. подни-
маться, расти (о ценах) to rise, increase, become more
expensive, e. g. The prices of consumer goods have
gone up. 4. строиться to be built, e. g. Many houses
are going up everywhere.
... WITH соответствовать, гармонировать to match, to
suit. e. g. Your handbag should go with your gloves
and shoes. . 17. Her conversation with him went on as before.
... WITHOUT обходиться без чего-л. to manage without
smth.—to do without smth. e. g. It looks as though
we shall have to go without a holiday this year.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. To be ashamed of his own father is perhaps the bit-
terest experience a young man can go through.
2. Now parents must take up the cudgels. How to go
about it? First, get your facts right, then take them to
the local education office.
3. And then they went to Charing Cross and travelled
to Ryebridge, and went on by bus to the village of France
Green.
4. But there's all my money, and there's his —who's
it to go to? And when he dies the name goes out.
5. He told her all that went on in his office.
96
6. He (Dartie) was drunk as a lord last n i g h t ; but he
went off all right this morning.
7. If you feel that this is going to be too much for
you, I'll get someone else, someone who'll go through
without any breakdowns.
8. We believe the new law w i l l ensure that nobody's
rent should go up from its present level.
9. He lay there thinking. Going over the whole busi-
ness from the beginning.
10. She never really intended to go through w i t h the
marriage.
11. Every night he went to the music-hall and watched
her go through that grotesque and ignoble performance.
12. He called her to the telephone and then went back
to the lab.
13. He went back to the memory of the previous after-
noon, recalling fragments of friendliness.
14. His firearm is apt to go off at the wrong time and
make a noise.
15. Well, man, tell rne what it is. Don't go on talking
in riddles.
16. Her son who was in the navy went down w i t h his
ship.
18. The draught from the window caught the flame
of the candle. It flickered and went out.
19. They were women of tarnished reputation and men
who had gone down in the social scale.
20. He said nothing for a moment. "He hadn't the faint-
est idea how to go about getting the answers.
21. I'm staying here. I was hoping you'd come down,
and besides I don't feel like going out.
22. He had to go over the first few paragraphs several
times to get at the idea.
23. That is very far-fetched and morbid. We can't go
into that.
24. England was a free country. So free beyond a doubt
that if you had no food to eat you were free to go without.
25. It's the sort of foolishness that Passant would go
in for, I've told you that before.
26. "Oh, Priestly," he said, "you're the very man 1
wanted to see about that book of yours. Did you go over
it carefully before it went to the printers?"
4 7-513 97
 27. Early in June they went down to Northport where
Erik had rented a house near the Sound.
28. I'm sorry about that. I went through it very care-
fully indeed before it was printed.
29. He could spend a few businesslike hours with Mary
at the university and then go about with Savina.
30. And here he must have spent his leisure going over
the whole thing again and again in his mind.
31. "I don't know what for, but you saw how that
man went for me... Who was that man anyway?" asked
Arthur.
32. They ought to keep the estate together. If there is
a war, house property will go down.
33. He had the leathery, rather oily complexion which
goes with great learning.
34. Don't eat that pork; it's going off.
35. We all have to go without eggs just as you have,
sir. The hens will not lay.
36. They visited house after house. They went over
them thoroughly, examining them from the cellars to the
attics.
37. Did it matter what people thought of her? They
would never know. No one would help her if she did not
help herselfl She would go through with it.
38. I was just thinking. It's an awful day out, and it
seems silly not to wait until it cools off a bit. Why don't
you come directly up here, have a drink, and we can go
out somewhere later.
39. He took eight hours to condense his notes and cal-
culations so that Mary could go over them for him.
40. He told me he wasn't going in for the exam.
41. And so here I am, he thought! What I am and
what I can do I can only guess. But at the same moment
he made his guess and his decision. The next question was:
should he go down and send the telegram from Western
Union?
42. She responds by going over to kiss him. A tap at
the door.
43. And going up behind him she bent over him till her
hair was against his cheek.
44. He had not, like Fleur, an objection to the sea —
had he not once lived in Brighton for seven years going up
and down to his work in town?
98
45. "This is the purest flower of romantic logic, no?"
And he has gone about her rehabilitation with immense
inventiveness.
46. Henry walked off offended, and Bill went or, with
his digging.
47. That's right, and as soon as the wind goes down
we'll all progress to your wood.
48. Oh, but Mr Cayley, do go on with what you were
telling us. It was so interesting.
49. They didn't see me. Bert was telling John some-
thing funny was going on and John should watch Sarie.
50. Nodding to her husband she went over to her
father.
11. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to go with aj;pr; piiate
particles:
1. When my nephew turned ten he got a wonderful
stamp for a present and since that time stamp-collaciing
has become his hobby. 2. He promised to investigate the
matter without delay. 3. The partisan lay behind the bash-
es waiting for the dynamite sticks to explode. 4. These
apples will not sell at the market price, they've become
inferior in quality. 5. Peter was anxious that the party
should be carried out very well. 6. You should be - ery
careful with her. She is still very weak and nervous and
may faint any minute. 7. The fire will not burn another
half hour if you don't put some wood on it. 8. If I were
you I'd do up your flat in modern style. Wall paper is
out of fashion now. 9. Please continue your report. You
^shouldn't cut it down for my sake. 10. He is an ambitious
fellow and knows his mind. Once he's set on something
he tries his best to get it. 11. "Stop hitting your brother,
will you?" the mother shouted. "He is your junior, you
should be ashamed of yourself." 12. I am afraid that when
giving a talk I can't do without my notes as I am going
to bring in some figures. 13. This cardigan doesn't match
your skirt. 14. The prices of consumer goods have been re-
duced lately. 15. They incurred heavy expenses when they
joined the housing cooperative. But it paid in the long
run. 16. No one knows how much I suffered when my daugh-
ter was ill. 17. When writing the test allow 10 minutes
at the end for reading over the paper. 18. What's happening
next door? There seems to be a good deal of noise. 19. It
4* 99
 is a risky thing to cross the river in this bcUt is liable
to capsize at any moment. 20. I examined^ proposal
very carefully with my solicitor and finalljtecided not
to accept their offer. 21. It has been said tflhe is in for
a severe punishment. 22. Your father will № dcwn on
you, boy, when he sees what you've don^S. He left
the country and he is never going to return to!- 24. During
her illness her weight was reduced from nine^ne to seven
stone. She could hardly get about. 25. Thetigh sea sub-
sided and everybody enjoyed the last raystf the setting
sun. 26. His remarks were not well received-У them- and
they asked him what he was up to. 27. Si mixes in so-
ciety a lot and she has a good many friend 28. I hear
you're going to town tonight. Got tired of ffidull country
life? 29. There is a peculiar feature characfistic of most
Soviet towns—numerous blocks of flats £ being built
everywhere.
111. Answer these questions:
1. Would you enjoy going about in a citjf° u were vis-
iting for the first time?
2. What principles should parents go byii bringing up
children?
3. What's going on in the world? Have«u heard the
latest news?
4. Have you ever watched parachute jump5 g°'ing down
(skiers going down high hills; the si going down
in the sea)?
5. Do you often go down to the country и week-ends?
6. Do you go in for skating? What kino of sports do
you go in for?
7. Do you usually go over the papers aitevou've written
them?
8. Why would a person go for another? ften could you
expect that to happen?
9. What kind of films go down well will the public?
10. What do ships go by nowadays?
11. What will you do if you see a dogging for a child?
12. What do you go for in life?
13. What should you do if you want tto party you are
giving to go off well?
14. Will you go on with the treatment Ht hasn t done
you any good?
100
l
15. What do you do with food if it has gone off slightly?
16. What would you do if the lights went out all of
a sudden?
17. What do you do with your things that go out (of fash-
ion)?
18. Can you go over the Baikal by ferry-boat?
19. Did your family go through a lot of hardships during
World War II?
20. What would you do to memorize a text? W o u l d you
go over it again and again?
21. Do the prices of foodstuffs depend on the crops in cap-
italist countries? Would the prices go up or down
if the crops failed?
22. Would you go, through the propositions carefully if
you were to decide between the two?
23. How long can a man go without water (food)?
24. Do white shoes go well with any dress?
25. Would you go to a lot of trouble to prove you are
right?
26. When would a customs officer go through one's person-
al effects very thoroughly?
27. Do you often go out? Whom are you particularly keen
on going out with?
28. Why do many young people go up to cities in sum-
mer?
29. I hear, a lot of new houses are going up in Novosibirsk.
Is that really so?
30. When will you ask a person to go aside?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. They went . . . the formalities independently at the
frontier. 2. The firm had to put up the prices for the goods
as the prices of raw materials and the wages have both
gone . . . . 3. He said: "My wife will never believe me when
I tell her what I've gone . . . ." 4. "Let's go . . . the song
for the last time, just for confidence," said the girl.
5. "With modern technique, to go . . . to Paris is a mat-
ter of a few hours," said Jack. 6. If I were you I'd take
the bottle-green jumper. It would go nicely . .. your
shoes. 7. He was down and out. His meals were reduced
and he often had to go ... supper. 8. They went . .. the
101
precipice by ladder, 9. The Gorins did not often go . . . ,
there was nobody to look after their son. 10. И you wish
to cut the story short I think this is the only passage
that may go . . . . 11. It went . . . the factory that they
were in for a new wage reduction. 12. While she was away
he went the work and got a lot done. 13. 1 am
afraid you can't go . . . by that road in the car as it has
been closed to traffic. 14. 1 am sorry to say that it doesn't
go ... with me as the story stems improbable. 15. They
have gone . . . all the calculations again but they still
can't find the mistake. 16. His mechanical toy goes . ..
a battery. 17. We can't stretch this point for you. In this
matter we should go ... the instructions. 18. Why do you
keep on going ... him? И you went ... the whole subject
you would see for yourself that he is not to blame.
19. During her illness her weight went . . . . 20. When the
wind went ... it was safe to go . . . the lake. 21. It was
an amazing sight: the little Mother-bird went bravely ...
the big dog and chased him out of the alley. 22. She plays
a lot of basketball and goes all the competitions.
23. As soon as he heard that, he came down on her and
said he would have to go ... the matter most carefully.
24. The party would have gone ... very well but for the
incident which made him give his money and thus break
down his plans to go . . . to his town. 25. Suddenly a gun
went ... with a loud bang and everybody started. 26. Though
the milk and cheese had gone . . . the hungry children put
them away in a few seconds. 27. If I were you I would
go the treatment, it's doing you good. 28. Go . . .
till you come to the crossroads. 29. Suddenly the lights
went . . . and he broke off. "Please go the story/'
everybody pleaded. 30. The pain was so terrible that he
went . . . . 31. "What's going . .. here? Why are you still
up?" the father asked his sons angrily. 32. "I get out now
and then on an errand, but I haven't been out in the
evening for the last month." "Why on earth not?" "Well,
it's not very cheerful going . . . by yourself and somehow
1 don't know anyone just now that I'm particularly keen
on going .. . with." 33. When he went . . . to London now
and then she never wanted to come with him. 34. They
decided to go ... to the island for a bathe. 35. On April
30th he had an appointment with Bosinney to go . . . the
accounts. 36. Soames was not in, he had gone . . . to So-
merset House. 37. The boy went . . . when a car appeared
from round the corner. When it passed by he took down
its number.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to go about (2, 3); to go for (2); to go in for; to go into;
to go off (2, 3); to go on with; to go over (2, 3,; to go
through (2); to go up; to go without
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. I'm afraid the proposals are unlikely to down
with the majority of the members.
2. You can't go by appearances.
3. You should have gone into the matter yam-sell,
4. I suppose he'll have to go through a lot of work.
5. I'm afraid one of us will have to go without supper.
6. These methods of teaching have gone out alieady.
7. This fashion will go out very soon.
8. Did everything go off according to the plan'.
VII. Make up situations using the following;
a) To be done orally.
1. The First Party at the Institute
to get up a party; to go about doing smth. ; to make
preparations; to go over (plays, items); to choose (actors);
to go with; to object to; to go up (a curtain); to go out
(lights); to go down with the audience (the play); to go off
well
2. Getting into Trouble
to break up (studies); to go over (to some distant place);
to go about (a lot); to come to know (a lot of people);
to go to the mountains; to get into trouble; to be out of;
to do without; to get up (a rescue party); to come upon;
to go off well
3. Going in for a Competition
to go in for (a competition); to go over (to a country);
referee; to be up to; to break down (one's plans); to go
off well
103
 b) To be done in writing. и бумаги, я нашла твою фотографию. 14. Вы не можете
5
Every Man Has His Hobby-horse себе представить, сколько я пережила^ когда ждала от
мужа письма. 15. Я думаю, что им придется понести
Once a friend of mine went in for stamp-collecting. большие расходы, построить гараж стоит больших денег.
He started corresponding with a lot of people all over 1_6. Туфли очень красивые, но сумка должна соответство-
the world. вать им. 17. Пока я могу обойтись без холодильника,
He received so many stamps that he had no time either а весною, я думаю, я смогу купить его. 18. «Что здесь
to go out or to see his friends. происходит?»—раздался голос учителя, и ребята тот-
By and by he broke with his friends and suddenly час же замолчали. 19. «После того, как я пересмотрел
found himself a lonely man who had only stamps to keep счета, я увидел, что вы перерасходовали почти 400 фун-
company with. Once I came over to see him. I let him тов»,— сказал Соме Боснии. 20. Эта машина работает
have his say and then went for him, and told him just с помош.ью электричества? 21. «Странно, что Ирэн послед-
what I thought. нее время не появляется в обществе»,— сказал старый
Джолион. 22. Я не верю вашим доводам, они не убеди-
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following: тельны. 23. Вам следует заниматься своим делом, а не
Diligence is the Mother of Good Luck мешать остальным. 24. За последние годы число туристов,
совершающих поездки по Советскому Союзу, значительно
to get on with (the work) to go over (to a conference) увеличилось. 25. Разве он не поедет в город? Я хотела
to go about (the rumours) not to go out (a lot) попросить его зайти к Браунам. 26. «Я надеялся, что,
to go out to go on with (the experi- услышав сигнал машины, мальчик^шчэйдет в сторону»,—
to be as good as one's word ments) говорил шофер.
to get along well never to fall behind
to be cut out for (a scientist) X. Read and relate the stories:

IX. Translate the following sentences: 1.

The teacher explained the meaning of the word "respon-
1. Мы вошли в зал, когда уже погас свет. 2^ Девушка sibility" and asked the pupils to give examples including
потеряла сознание в результате катастрофы и пришла the word. Up went a boy's hand. "Suppose I had only two
в себя только в больнице. _3. Роберт занимается плава- buttons on my knickers and one came off, all the respon-
нием и, кажется, делает успехи. 4. Он много готовился, sibility would rest on the other button, or they'd go down."
и доклад прошел хорошо. 5. Цены на эту мебель снизи-
лись, так как она выходитГ'сейчас из моды. 6. Он любит 2.
вставлять замечания. Не обращай на него внимания, Explorer: D'ye know I once went about in South Amer-
продолжай рассказ. 7. «Я просмотрел все документы, вас ica for months with a price on my head?
обманули на два фунта»,— сказал Фрэнк. 8. Продолжайте Hostess: Dreadful! I know the feeling. I came home
работать над докладом. Я не буду вам мешать и зайду from a sale once with the price-ticket on my hat.
позднее. 9._Ей пришлось многое пережить в связи с бо-
лезнью сына, и она сильно постарела (подурнела). JXL Эти 3.
продукты следует держать в холодильнике. В такую жару "If you tell a man anything it goes in at one ear and
они быстро теряют свежесть. 11. Джеймс предложил Ирэн goes out at the other," she remarked.
проехать посмотреть новый дом и решил там поговорить "And if you tell a woman anything," he countered, "it
с ней. 12. Прежде чем сдать экзаменационную работу, goes in at both ears, then out of her mouth and about
просмотрите ее еще раз. 13. Разбирая свои старые письма the town."
104 105
 4.
the children must behave or he would make inailMe. The
— What are you cutting out of the paper? boys' father said, "You don't know what trouble is. I have
— About a man securing a divorce because his wife already gone through a lot of trouble. My wise's in the
went through his pockets. hospital. I am on the way to see my mother-in-law who
— What are you going to do about it? is nearly done for, my daughter has had triplets, one of the
— Put it in my pocket. boys has just smashed his finger and the other ha> chewed
5. up our ticket. To top it all off, we are on the wrong
She was writing to their son, congratulating him on his train."
engagement.
"My darling boy," wrote the mother, "what glorious XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them:
news! Your father and I rejoice in your happiness. It has
long been our greatest wish that you should marry some Telephone Talk
good woman. A good woman is Heaven's most precious
gift to Man. She brings out all the best in him and helps
to suppress all that is evil."
Then there was a postscript in a different handwriting:
"Your mother has gone for a stamp and I've gone over
what was written by her and hope it won't go down with
you. Keep single, you young fool."
6.
Husband (arriving home late): Can't you guess where
I've been?
Wife: I can; but go on with your story.
7.
— Mamma, when the fire goes out where does it go?
— My dear boy, I don't know. You might just as well
ask me where your father goes when he goes out.
8.
Nothing to Worry About
Overheard on the beaclr.
— Mummy, may 1 go in for a swim?
— Certainly not, my dear, it's too deep.
— But daddy is swimming.
— Yes, dear, but he's insured.
9.
Trouble to call up; to get through (about the telephone;; to get
Two little boys were playing and going for one another about (a rumour); to get up (a party); to go down with
in a train. The guard who had patiently been watching smb. (the rumour); to be on (soup); to go on with (house-
them for some time, finally went off the handle and said hold duties); to come back; to be done for
106

H O L D ...
... BACK 1. прятать, держать в тайне to hide, to keep
secret, e. g. He is not the one to hold back the news.
He will break it to you the moment he learns it.
2. сдерживать to keep back, to restrain (tears, laugh-
ter, etc.) e. g. She could hardly hold back the tears.
He was so impatient that I could not hold him back.
... ON 1. продолжать делать что-л. to continue doing
smth. e. g. You should hold on along this road for
another five minutes and you'll see the building site.
2. подождать to wait on the phone (usu. Imperative).
e. g. Excuse me, sir, hold on — Mr Smith will speak
to you. Yes, Mr Jones is in. If you can hold on a mo-
ment I'll get him for you.
... OUT упорствовать, держаться до конца to endure,
to persist to the end in spite of difficulties, attacks, etc.
e. g. The heroic Soviet partisans held out for six days
against the overwhelming fascist forces. I think the
engine will hold out till we get home then can have
it seen to.
... UP останавливать, задерживать (уличное движение,
работу и т. д.) to stop, to delay (traffic, industry,
work, research, etc.). e. g. The policeman held up
the t r a f f i c to allow pedestrians to cross the road. We
were held up for half an hour in a t r a f f i c jam.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Erik started after him but Ellen's voice held him
back. "Let him go alone," she said.
108
г
2. No, 'all you did was to let me feed myself on that
nonsense that I was too implacable to trust myself to
a fight, the way kids say "Hold me back or I ' l l k i l l him."
3. Fox's expression said, "You can't hold out for ever,
Tony. You were always weak in the long pull."
4. Into a denser gloom than ever Bosinney held on at
a furious pace.
5. Did you approve of my speech? We've got to hold
out for our fees.
6. A heavy snowfall held up the trains from the North.
7. If you will hold on I ' l l put you through to Enquir-
ies.
8. That's right, Bill. Hold out against it. Put out your
strength. Don't let's get you cheap.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to hold w i t h appropriate
particles:
1. Twice, so far, Erik had had the chance to give Fa-
bermacher freedom and both times he hadn't done it.
2. Work on the building site had been delayed by bad
weather. 3. Erik started to rise but Savina restrained him.
4. The poor fellow clung to the spar as long as his arms
had strength and when he could do it no longer he uttered
a cry and sank beneath the water. 5. The survivors of the
plane crash were able to endure t i l l help came. 6. I wailed
holding the receiver while he went to do this.
III. Answer these questions:
1. Would you ever hold back any information if you knew
your friend needed it badly?
2. Would it be easy for a child to hold back his tears if
he got sore about something?
3. Would you hold back your friend from acting on an
impulse?
4. How long did the defenders of the Brest fortress hold
out against the fascist troops?
5. Would you be able to hold out if you were in for
a poor time?
6. What often holds up trains in winter?
7. Would you hold up dinner if some of your guests were
late?
I V . Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Thick fog held ... .. a number of trains. 2. Our daily
consumption of water is so great that the supply cannot
hold . . . longer than a month. 3. Trade is dull at present
but if this mill-owner can hold . . . for a few months long-
er, better time will come. 4. Hold . . . , please. I'll find
out if Mr Snow is in. 5. "You shouldn't hold . . . anything,"
said the judge. 6. Erik tried to hold ... laughter but in
vain.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to hold up; to hold back (2); to hold on (2); to hold out
VI. In what circumstances would yon say?
1. W i l l you hold on a minute?
2. You oughtn't to have held it back from her,
3. I'm afraid the motor won't hold out long.
4. They mteht have been held up in a traffic jam.
5. i hope work on the building site won't be held up
by bad weather.
V l l . Make up situations nsm;> the .following.
a) To be done orally,
1. Walking into the Trap
to go in for smuggling; to go about (investigation); to
make believe; not to hold back; not to go down (with the
investigator); to fall through; to come out (some facts);
to bring in (some facts); not to hold out; to get cut of
(smb.)
2. Being Held up in a Traffic 'jam
to be cm (a party); to be invited; to start early; to be
held up (in a traffic jam); to call up to warn; to hold up
(supper) for some time; to get to (the place); to break up
(the party)
b) To be done in writing.
Joke Never Gains an Enemy but Often Loses a Friend
Once there lived two friends.
One of them was tend of good jokes. The other was
devoid of any sense of humour.
110
One day the humorous one could not hold bad, laughter
after he had played a joke on the glocmy one.
Friendship was broken.
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:
Talking Nineteen to the Dozen (A Telephone Talk)
to get on to break with
to be busy to call on (for a
to be cut off (from every- short time)
body) to go about (rumours)
to be up and down to fall for
to feel lonely not to hold back
to come round to hold on
IX. Translate the following sentences:
Автобус пришел с опозданием (задержался) из-за того,
что упавшее дерево загородило дорогу. 2. Он позвонил
и попросил задержать немного ужин. 3. Подождите, по-
жалуйста, м-р Смит говорит по телефону сейчас. 4. Если
бы я не знал, что рано или поздно он уступит, -л бы не
выдержал. 5. Дети едва сдерживали смех и, как только
дверь закрылась за ним, они громко рассмеялись о Мне
кажется, он скрывает что-то от нас.
X. Read and relate the stories.
1.
The circus proprietor looked more than usually -.vorried
as he faced the troupe on Friday.
"Gentlemen," he began, "as you all know bibiuess is
very bad just now. Last week I could only manage b pay
you all half wages. This week things have been even \vorse."
He stopped for a moment and looked w i t h growing
anxiety at the angry faces round him. He could see that
several women were holding back tears. Then, wiping his
damp forehead, he went on:
"I've gone carefully into the matter and found there is
enough cash in hand to pay — er—three of you this week.
The lucky three are Hercules, the strong man; Dave Daunt-
less, the lion tamer; and Strangler Sam, the a l l — i n wres-
tler!"
With these words he held on to Hercules's ami,
in
 "Lady," said the traffic officer who had held her up,
"how long do you expect to be out?"
"What do you mean by that question?" she demanded
indignantly.
"Well," he replied sarcastically, "there are a couple of
thousand other drivers who would like to use this street
a f t e r you get through with it."
3.
— I never hold back from my wife anything that hap-
pens.
— That's nothing. I tell my w i f e lots of things that
never happen.
4.
—- Docs your wife support you?
— No, but she holds me up every pay-day.
5.
Mr Page when being editor was obliged to refuse a great
many stories. A lady once wrote him: "Sir, you sent back
Ia4 week a story of mine. I cannot hold back my indig-
n.ilion. I know that you did not read the story, for as
11 test I had pasted together pages 18, 19 and 20, and the
slory came back with these pages still pasted; and so I know
you are a fraud and turn down stories without reading
them."
Mr Page wrote back: "Madame, at breakfast when I open
an egp I do not have to eat the whole egg to discover it
is bad."
K E E P ...
AT делать что-л. с упорством, настойчиво to continue
doing smth. with persistence, e. g. Keep at it, my boy.
There are only two laps more.
AWAY держаться в отдалении, не подпускать близко
to stand away, not to come near. e. g. "Keep away
from the fire," the mother kept saying to her little son.
He kept away while we were in the town.
BACK удерживать, задерживать; скрывать, утаивать
(факты, слезы и т. п.) to withhold smth. (information,
tears, etc.) e. g. I ' l l keep back nothing from you. He
kept back from the committee the fact that he was
leaving them.
DOWN 1. ограничивать, держать в подчинении to
restrain, to keep in subjection, e. g. Poor fellow, his
parents keep him down all the time. 2. задерживать
рост, мешать развитию; понижать to hold or restrain
from rising, growing, to make as low as possible, e. g.
They must keep down expenses otherwise they won't
Ьз able to make ends meet. Despite the poor harvest
the price of apples has kept down.
FROM воздерживаться от чего-л. to refrain from
smth. (doing smth.) e. g. You should keep from play-
ing football too much, otherwise you won't he able to
keep up with the class.
IN не выходить, оставаться в помещении; оставлять
в школе после занятий (в виде наказания), застав-
лять сидеть дома not to go out, to be ordered to re-
main in school, to compel to stay indoors (oft. Passive).
e. g. They were kept in by the heavy rain. Keep in.
You are too tired to go out.
OFF воздерживаться от чего-л.; не затрагивать to
refrain from consuming anything, to refrain from smth.
113
traffic holds to the left? 8. The Kelveys never mixed with
other children to avoid mockery and insults. 9. There is no
sense in trying to conceal the story.. The truth is bound
to come out. 10. He is a persevering fellow. Once he's
started something he'll be doing it until he is finished
with it. 11. You'll have to stop the plant from growing so
fast or else it may be bitten by frost. 12. It's unwise to
subjugate a child too much because he should gain know-
ledge in making decisions himself. 13. Don't worry. I'll see
to it that your child doesn't go into the river. 14. If you
refrained from smoking you would feel better. 15. A bliz-
zard broke and we had to stay in for two days. 16. I feel
done up and I'd better stay in this evening. 17. If he would
only absent himself from bad company he might yet do
well. 18. You should not eat white bread if you are reduc-
ing. 19. I am afraid the children will start crying if they
see us leaving. Will you please see that they stay away till
we have gone? 20. My shoes are done for. They are per-
vious to water. 21. Leave your bicycle out, never bring
it into the house.
III. Answer these questions:
1. Why was Tom Sawyer often kept in at school?
2. For how long would the doctor keep you in if you
fell ill with the grippe?
3. Would you keep off the subject if you saw that your
companion were unhappy about it?
4. Do you always observe the notice "keep off the grass"?
5. Would a doctor advise you to keep from training for
a while if you had a heart attack? *
6. Do you usually keep on with what you've begun in
spite of all difficulties?
7. When is the speaker requested to keep to the subject?
8. Why do people stick to a person who can keep up un-
der misfortune?
9. What do you do to keep up with modern literature
(music)?
10. Could you rely on a friend who wouldn't keep you up
in trouble?
11. When would you advise your friend not to keep at his
work?
12. Is it fair of your close friend to keep back something
from you? When can it be justified?
116
13. Nowadays firemen can keep any fire down, can't they?
14. Suppose that you are deeply in debt. Which would you
prefer to be clear of debt: to keep down your expenses
or to take on some extra work?
15. When would you say "keep your voice down"?
16. When is it d i f f i c u l t for a person to keep down his
anger?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. The old man advised the boys not to keep . . . their
former instructions. 2. The mother told the boys to keep ...
the flower beds. 3. The boy was sure he would succeed.
Nothing would keep him . . . . 4. The reduction of taxes
on imports kept . . . home industry. 5. You shouldn't keep
. .. such precious information. It would be of great help
to everybody. 6. She'll keep ... him until he does it.
7. If you can't help to improve the position keep
it. 8. If he comes in in the middle of the speech don't
mind him, just keep . . . . 9. Keep . . . the lawn, the sign
says it's private. 10. You can't undo what's done but in
future keep raising the point in her presence. 11. These
flowers should be kept ... until warm weather sets in.
12. Keep the child . . . while I am doing out the rooms.
13. If you keep . . . the subject you are bound to give
a talk within the allotted time. 14. It cost him a pretty
penny to keep ... a country house. 15. He stopped at noth-
ing to keep . . . the reputation of his office. 16. I don't
know how he keeps . . . under his misfortunes. 17. It is d i f -
ficult to keep the fashions. They go out every season.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to keep at; to keep back; to keep down (1); to keep in;
to keep off; to keep out of; to keep up (1, 2, 3); to keep up
with
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. I'm afraid it'll be very difficult for him to keep up
with the news now.
2. Are you sure the athlete will keep up the speed?
He'll win then.
3. He'd better keep off the subject. She always feels
sore about it.
4. Why, he couldn't keep down his anger.
117
 I X . Translate the following sentences:
5. He would not tell us what had kept him away.
6. She would keep on no matter how tired she was. 1. Если вы не хотите забыть английский, слушайте
радио, читайте газеты и книги. 2. Лондонский дом Кроу-
V I I . Make up situations using the following: лей был в запустении, т. к. его невозможно было содер-
жать (в хорошем состоянии) на те деньги, которые вы-
a) To be done orally.
делял сэр Кроули. 3. Только надежда на возвращение
1. Friend is Never Known till a Man Has Need сына поддерживала силы м-ра Бантинга. 4. Старайтесь
to keep (away) from (social life); to keep off (debated держаться левой стороны, помните — справа большая яма
problems); to keep on (trying to get to the bottom); to find и вы можете упасть в нее. 5. Отец требовал, чтобы его
out (the reason); to be kept in subjection; to have nobody дочери не дружили с другими девочками (держались в сто-
to rely upon; to come to the rescue; to keep up роне). 6. Она старалась скрыть слезы, чтобы никто не
видел, что она расстроена. 7. «Не ходите по л;у.и.:ам. Вы
2. Catching a Disease можете промочить ноги и простудиться»,— сказала мать
to be down with scarlet fever; to keep in; to bring down детям. 8. В прошлом году я работал и учился Было
(the temperature); to be out and about; to keep away from очень трудно, и некоторые пытались уговорить л. ня бро-
(children); to keep from; to come back (to school); to be сить учебу, но я твердо решил продолжать и то, и лругое.
behind; to keep up with the class 9. Лучше не поднимайте этого вопроса, все равно вы не
сможете переубедить их. 10. «Я не могу понять, почему
3. A Friend to All is a Friend to None ты не выполнил домашнего задания. Сегодня ты остане-
to go out (a lot); to mix with a lot of people; to seem шься после уроков и сделаешь всю работу»,— сказала
to be on friendly terms with everyone; to come round and учительница. 11. Воздерживайтесь от откровенны.: разго-
ask for help; to keep off the subject; not to help; to keep воров с ним. Он может вас подвести. 12. Снегопад, заста-
вил нас просидеть на станции целую неделю.
back; to break with
b) To be done in writing. X. Read and relate the stories:
Many Hands Make Light Work
A friend of mine started working at a very complicated — What are the town fathers debating?
problem. For many days he kept at the job but no solution — Whether to keep up the good roads and fine the mo-
was found. A few of his colleagues joined him. torists- for speeding, or maintain a mudhole and charge them
They kept on working together and soon discovered tlfe for hauling 'em out.
way to solve the problem.
The problem did not seem complicated and puzzling any 2.
longer. Daughter: He says he thinks I'm the nicest girl in town.
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the f o l l o w i n g :
Shall I ask him to call?
Mother: No, dear; let him keep on thinking so,
Never Do Things by Halves
3.
How is N. getting on? to keep away
to fall out with smb. over to come across (lately) Father: Why were you kept in at school?
a problem to be done up Son: I didn't know where the Azores were.
to get at to hold back Father: Well, in the future just remember where you
to seem not to keep up put things.
to keep on
118 119
I
I
4.

A teacher was going to give an object lesson. "Tommy,"

she began, "why does your father put up storm-windows

I
every fall?"
"Well," said Tommy, "Mother keeps at him until he fi-
nally gives in." LET ...
5.

I A teacher was making a strenuous effort to get good

attendance in her room. Looking over her class one morning,
she saw that all except one were in their places.
... DOWN 1. опускать, спускать вниз to lower, to cause
to be down. e. g. Let the blinds down, .please. Delia
let down her beautiful fair hair. 2. подвести, покинуть

I "This is fine," she exclaimed, "all here except Jimmie в беде to deceive, to betray, to fail smb. at need. e. g.
Jone, and let us hope that it is something serious which If you don't tell the truth, you will let me down
badly.
keeps him away."

I
6. ... IN впускать to allow smb. to enter, to open the door
to smb. e. g. If you are late I'll let you in.
Little Hoarse ... INTO посвящать в тайну to make acquainted with.
Aunt: Keep away from the loudspeaker, Denny. The an- e. g. If you promise to keep quiet I'll let you into

I nouncer sounds as if he had a cold. the secret.

•»
... OFF отпускать, прощать (что-л. несделанное) to allow
7. to go free, to release smb. from an engagement or

I
Stolen Sweets
The rector had invited the village boys to the rectory
for a strawberry tea. After tfiey had finished he, seeking to
obligation, e. g. I'll let you off homework this eve-
ning. The ticket-collector let him off with a fine.
... ON выдавать секрет to reveal a secret, to let smb. know.

I
point the moral, said: "Now, boys, wasn't that nicer than
breaking into my garden and helping yourselves? Though
you know that there is the notice on the door "Private.
Keep out."
e. g. If I tell you a secret, you won't let it on to
anybody, will you? Do not let on about his arrival.
... OUT 1. делать шире, выпускать (об одежде) to make
a garment wider, looser or longer, e. g. The coat is

I
f
The boys thought a little and said in one breath "Oh,
yes." "And why was it nicer?" the rector asked.
"Because, sir," one of the boys replied, "we shouldn't
have had any sugar and cream with them."
rather tight. Do you think you could let it out for
me? 2. выпускать, освобождать to allow to go, run,
flow away or out. e. g. Let out the child. It's nice
out-of-doors. Let the water out of the bath-tub.

I EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:

I 1. And he was ill at the time in his lodgings in Gal way

and wouldn't be let out.
2. "I say, Uncle, you're not going to let those beastly

I
papermen in, are you?" said Val.
121

I
 3. He let little Jacky down, and the child burrowed up
against him like a passionate rabbit.
4. Some friends of his gave evidence for him and he was
let off with a fine.
5. "If any lad gives enough (money)," the teacher said,
"I dare say we shall be prepared to let him off .all penalties
for the rest of the term."
6. He was everything I had in the world, but I couldn't
let the party down, could I?
7. He let out a shout of joy.
8. Don't let on that we saw them coming out of the
shop.9. I came here as a friend to put money in your pocket.
No use in letting on to me that you're above money.
10. Oh, Mr Sartorius, do you think I would let out
a word about your premises?
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to let with appro-
priate particles:
1. How is it that he did not go with Rivarez? Did he
run away and leave Rivarez in trouble! 2. I promised him
you'd get through the work by Sunday. Why did you fail
me by doing so little? 3. He thought that the magistrate
was going to fine him for parking in the wrong place but
he allowed him to go free. 4. The boy tried the door sever-
al times. It was locked from the inside. Frightened and
terrified he knocked crying: "Mother, allow me to go in\
Oh, allow me to go ml" 5. Don't let anyone know they've
fallen out with him. I'm sure they'll make it up. 6. I'm
putting on weight and can't get into my clothes now: I'm
afraid I'll have to make them looser.
III. Answer these questions:
1. For what purposes are divers let down into the sea?
2. When do you let down the sunblinds in summer?
3. When could you forgive a friend who let you down?
4. Why do people say that if more than one person is let
into a secret it's no longer a secret?
5. When does your teacher let you off homework?
6. Suppose you were held up for breaking the traffic rules.
In what case would you be let off?
122
7. What do you usually say when asked not to let on
about something?
8. Whom would you let into yoof secrets? Why?
9. When do people say: "Don't let the cat out of the bag? 1 '
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. One of the mountain walkers let the rope . . . to help
his friend get up the mountain. 2. If you let me , .-. this
time you won't get off lightly. 3. Hurry up, the curtain
will be raised in a minute and you won't be let .., . . 4. The
dress doesn't fit you very well. You'll have to ta ke it in
at the waist and let it ... round the hips. 5. 1'he boy
opened the cage and let the birds . . . . 6. If you let him
. . . your secret be sure he won't let . . . that he knows.
7. I had a splitting headache and asked to be let , .. the
lecture.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to let down (1, 2); to let in; to let into; to 5el off;
to let on; to let out
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. They were lucky to be let off like that.
2. He couldn't have let her down, I'm sure.
3. You won't let it on to anyone, will you?
4. She'll never let you into the secret.
5. The dress needs letting out, I think.
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
/. Easier Said than Done
to go over to the sea; not to go about; to put on
weight; to be disappointed; to try hard to get thinner;
to be unable to get into dresses; to let out (dresses)
2. Let the Cat out of the Bag
to let smb. into (a secret); to let on to smb.; to get
round; to fall for; to come down on smb.; not to get off
123
I
I
b) To be done in writing,
It Serves Him Right
Once a newspaperman learned that there would be a se-

I cret meeting of two tycoons in their town.

At first he made up his mind not to let out a word
about it.

I
In the afternoon he let it on to his w i f e who promised
not to let the cat out of the bag.
The same evening he heard his secret discussed in under-
tones all over the town.

I VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:

Doing is Better than Saying

I
to be sorry to wake up early to go off
to be up (for a long time) to promise
to let into (a secret) to let it on
to let smb. down to doubt

I to fall for smb. to go round to the person

to let on (to a lot of people) to clear up

I
IX. Translate the following sentences:

1. He беспокойся. Он никому об этом не скажет и ни-

когда тебя не подведет. 2. На этот раз я вас прощаю,

I
но если это повторится, то вам не удастся отделаться
так легко. 3. Она отошла в сторону, чтобы выпустить его.
4. Платье очень тесно в талии, вам придется выпустить
его немного. 5. Я уверен, что его пропустят (впустят.).

I
Все знают, что он потерял билет. 6. Вы можете положи-
ться на него, он вас не подведет. 7. Опустите окно, в купе
холодно. 8. Старый ювелир не посвящал никого в секреты
своего ремесла.

I X. Read and relate the stories:

1.

I Employee: Sir, can you let me off tomorrow afternoon

to go Christmas shopping with my wife.
Employer: Certainly not. We are too busy!

I
Employee (much relieved): Thank you, sir, you are very
kind!
124

I
I
^^^^н

I
2.
— As your friend, I'll let it on to you that Jim John-
son is going about telling all kinds of lies about you.

I
— Oh, that's О. К. But if he ever starts telling the
truth, let me know. I'll break his neck.
3.
LOOK...

I
"Now, McTavish," said the doctor, "it's like this: you've
either to stop the whiskey or lose your eyesight, and you
must choose." AFTER присматривать, заботиться to take ст.ге of,
"Ay, well, doctor, I'll let you into my thoughts," said to attend to. e. g. He w i l l look after, the'пши-г w h i l e

I
AlcTavish, "I'm an old man now and I've seen about every- you are away. He can look after himself, y o u needn't
thing worth seeing." worry.
BACK (on smth.) вспоминать to consider the p :,>!:. e. g.
4. Looking back (on the past) I can say that По л as up

I Too Personal
Judge: Are you guilty or not g u i l t y ?
Prisoner: It seems to me that is a mighty personal ques-
the mark.
DOWN ON (UPON) смотреть свысока, презирай: to de-
spise, to consider oneself to be superior to. _• v. He

I tion and I'm not going to let you into my secret. looks down on (upon) people with less knowK.-Jr;,: than
himself.
XI. Describe the pictures on p. 125 using the words given: FOR искать to search for, to seek. e. g. I h

I
my pen. W i l l you help me to look for it?
Fencing Match
FORWARD TO предвкушать, ждать с нет*:
to get on with (about the wives); never to hold back to anticipate with pleasure, e. g. He's looking ic

I
Anything; not to keep off the troublesome subject (the hus- meeting your friend.
bands); in vain to try and bring over; to keep on (doing);
to cut o f f ; to let in (a hen); to let out (a caterpillar); to IN (on/upon smb.; at some place) заглянут^
hold put; to fall through f
to pay a short visit, e. g. She felt she ougiii

I
in on her old aunt but she couldn't bring herself
I ' l l look in at your place tomorrow, but I c:
long.

I
INTO изучать (вопрос), детально исследовать to inves-
tigate, to examine carefully, e. g. We'll give you our
decision when we've had time to look into the matter.
ON (UPON) 1. наблюдать со стороны to watch an

I event as a spectator, e. g. He took no part in the f i g h t ,

he stood and looked on. 2. считать to consider, to re-
gard as. e. g. They look on (upon) this as an absolute

I
necessity. Do you believe they look on him as an au-
thority?
127

I
. . . OUT быть настороже to be on one's guard, e. g. Look
out! There's a train coming. If she doesn't look out
she'll be sent down (from University).
. . . OUT FOR высматривать, ожидать to keep a careful
watch for smth. or someone, e. g. We'll come to the
station and look out for you.
. . . OVER просматривать to check quickly, e. g. He looked
over his examination paper before he handed it in.
. . . THROUGH 1. просматривать to examine quickly and
not very carefully, e. g. He looked through the newspa-
per to see if there was any account of the football
match. 2. не замечать to look at someone without ap-
pearing to see him as a deliberate .act of rudeness, e. g,
Mr Brown thinks that I am beneath his notice socially
and whenever we meet he just looks through me.
... TO рассчитывать на кого-л. to consider, to attend to.
e. g. I have told you the rules. I look to you to obey
them.
... UP 1. улучшаться (о делах, погоде и т. д.) to improve
(about conditions, etc.). e. g. Now that the demand is
great we hope that business conditions will begin to
look up. 2. искать что-л. (в справочнике) to look for
smth. in a book of reference, e. g. Wait a minute.
He'll look up the exact quotation for you.
... UP TO уважать to respect, e, g. It's surprising that
everybody looks up to him.
EXERCISES * 20. I got up and looked for the ugliest girl in the row
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. "You are looking for a vacuum cleaner?" "Well, not
exactly looking."
2. The door behind Carter began to open. There was an
impression of plastic music. "They'll look after you in
there."
3. She looked us over in silence and ticked off our
names in a book.
4. I probably never deviated from the accurate state-
ment so often in my life before, not even at school. But
128
in hospital you have got to look after your own interests.
Nobody else will.
5. I take it you found that break in the pattern we
were looking for.
6. "That's nice," Grant said m i l d l y . "I was looking for-
ward to that dedication."
7. There is a mystery about his death and the police
are looking into it.
8. You'll get into trouble if you don't look out.
9. I ' l l look in this evening to see how she is.
10. Perhaps one day it will be pleasant to Look back on
these things.
11. Look up all the d i f f i c u l t words and phrases in the
index.
12. I'm going to the party too, so look out for me.
13. If anything happens to George, remember she has
no one but you in the world to look to.
14. Look out! The red lights are on.
15. I must look into this a little more c a r e f u l l y before
reaching a decision.
16. He looked through several books in the l i b r a r y ,
but he could not f i n d the information he wanted.
17. I'm afraid they rather look down on their old friends
now they have moved into a bigger house.
18. Oh, I only looked in to say that Sweet Fanny Adams
is on her way round to f i n d out why there's no one looking
after the switchboard.
19. I used to spend my days cleaning rooms, doing flow-
ers, carrying trays, looking up addresses in the telephone
books and, of course, the bells.
and sat down next to her.
21. "Business is looking up," he remarked to David.
22. If you're driving down that lane, look out for bro-
ken glass.
23. Several o' the chaps looked-in in the evening.
24. "We must look out for one another there," he said
cordially. "You will remember me again? I shall be wear-
ing," he gulped, "a top-hat."
25. And yet, when I look back on it, it all seems but
a day or two ago.
26. What are you doing? Don't forget we're to look in
on the Swannicks this evening.
5 7-513 12Э
 27. The inexplicable thing was that she looked up to
him. She evidently admired him.
28. If Horace had paid his debts after he went bank-
rupt, he would have been looked up to as no ordinary man
of business.
29. When Suarez looked over the sketches for the Cuer-
navaca project he delightedly signed a $ 400,000 contract for
the work and began construction of the convention h a l l .
30. You should see the contempt with which they look
down on poor me.
31. I'm not challenging you, Erik. I just want to know.
You always looked down on industrial research.
32. Tony looked right through Savina, but broke into
a quick smile when he saw Erik next to her.
33. But she only looked through him, and Thomas felt
the force of not being seen.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to look with appro-
priate particles:
1. They went to inspect the house, but it wasn't suit-
able. 2. Although it had been a bad year, the chairman
thought that business was getting better. 3. Please read
the agreement before you sign it. 4. Take care. There's
a car coming. 5. It's like searching for a needle in a hay-
stack. 6. You should not despise people less fortunate than
you. 7. I searched for his number in the telephone book.
8. I should be grateful if you would call at the library
to see if a book has arrived for me. 9. The teacher consid-
ered the student's absence to be a serious matter. 104. They
decided that they must investigate the matter. 11. They are tak-
ing care of our house while we are away. 12. I think we
may expect better weather now we have moved farther
south. 13. I have read over these homework exercises and
they seem satisfactory. 14. It's wise of a person to consid-
er his past from time to time. 15. Please call on me, if
ever you come to London.
III. Answer these questions:
1. Would you look in on your old friend, you've been out
of touch with, if you came to the town he lives in?
2. What would you say to a person trying to cross the
street when there's a lot of traffic?
130
3. Would you call a person happy if he could look back on
his past with satisfaction?
4. Do you have to look for your things or are ;U:y all
well arranged?
5. What would you do if you did not know the moaning
of an English word?
6. What do you have to do when you want \ » u > com-
plaint to be looked into?
7. Whom would you look to if you were in trouble?
8. Would you look over your examination paper before
handing it in?
9. Do old people like looking back on their past? По young
people like listening to their reminiscences?
10. Would you try to take down a person a peg or two
who looks down on others?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Look .. . the baby while I am out. 2. Looking . . . .
I see now all the mistakes 1 made when I was young.
3. He had an unhappy childhood and he never looks . .,
. . . it with any pleasure. 4. He's been looking . , a cup
to match the one his daughter broke. 5. Look . . . . . him
at the tube station. He'll be near the bookstall. 6 Look
. . . ! You've nearly knocked my plate out of my hand.
7. My son is looking our trip to the Crimea, b. Look
them and tell me what happened. 9. They have
always looked . . . her as one of the family. 10. He can
always look . . . her address in the directory if he has for-
gotten it. There's nothing to worry about. 11. The director
asked me to look . . . the document and then sign i t . 12. Could
I first look .. . the book to see if I had read it before?
13. Children have an inclination to look their par-
ents. 14. He looks everybody who spends his holi-
day in England instead of going abroad. 15. 'Hie crowd
looked . . . while the fire-brigade fought with thefiiv. 16. Since
our quarrel she looks . . . me whenever we meet. 17. She
kept asking me all the d i f f i c u l t words instead of looking
them . . . in a dictionary. 18. I don't see why \ve should
do all the work while he looks . . . and does nothing.
19. Here is my letter, would you just look it . . . to see
if there are any mistakes?
к* 131
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to look after; to look forward to; to look in; to look
on (2); to look over; to look up (2)
V I . In what circumstances would you say?
1. All people with a sense of decency will look down
on such conduct.
2. You ought at least to look/ in on her if you can't
bring yourself to a long formal visit.
3. Do you mean to say that when you saw them strug-
gling you just looked on and said nothing?
4. Let's just look in at the exhibition, we shan't stay
long.
5. When you're eating fish, look out for bones.
6. Things must be looking up with them.
7. A teacher should always be looked up to by pupils.
8. I hope your complaint will be looked into,
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. The End Crowns the Work
to sit up late; to look into the problem; to go on with
(the work in spite of difficulties); to hold out; to come to
an end; to look through; to be happy
2. Good Health is Better than Wealth
to fall ill; to be bedridden (for a long time); to lopk
after; to get over; to be up and about; to enjoy the sun;
to look back (on); to look up (=to improve)
b) To be done in writing.
Getting the Cold Shoulder
Peter had always looked up to W i l l who was a few
years his senior. When W i l l was seriously ill Peter helped
Will's mother to look after him.
W i l l left for a city where he was to stay with his rel-
atives.
When the train stopped Peter ran up to the carriage in
the window of which he saw Will.
Will looked through him as if he had never known Peter.
132
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
Being an Onlooker in Life
How's N. getting on? to be behind (as usual)
to be out (most of the time) to look into (the matter)
never to get through (any- to try to pass off (as a busy
thing) . man)
not to look up to (anyone) to look on
to fall on
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. He забудьте навестить его, когда будете в Ростове.
2. Вы просмотрите его работу еще раз? 3. Он быстро
перелистал журнал. Ничего интересного. 4. Он единствен-
ный человек, на которого вы можете рассчитывать.
5. Я был бы очень благодарен вам, если бы вы зашли
к ним и передали, что мы завтра уезжаем. 6. Не могли бы
вы присмотреть за моим сынишкой? Я скоро вернусь.
7. Когда они собираются рассмотреть его предложение?
Оно заслуживает того, чтобы его внимательно изучили.
8. Все с нетерпением ждали вечера и были очень разоча-
рованы, когда его отменили. 9. Осторожнее! Мы въезжаем
в тоннель. 10. Терпеть не могу людей, которые любят
наблюдать за всем со стороны. 11. Считаете ли вы его
надежным человеком? 12. Найдите, пожалуйста, точное
определение этого слова. Боюсь, что вы ошиблись. 13. Не
удивительно, что все относятся к ней с уважением. Она
человек слова.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
— So you use three pairs of glasses, professor?
— Yes, one pair for long sight, one pair for short sight
and the third to look for the other two.
2.
The American lady in the course of the tour of England
took in the birthplace of William Shakespeare at Stratford-
on-Avon. She looked over his house and was thrilled to
tears. On the way back, as she was standing on the station
platform, she remarked gushingly, "And just think! It was
133
I
I from this very platform that the Immortal bard would de-
part whenever he went to town."
3.

I Madge (after friends' tiff): Of course you speak to He-

len when you pass her on the street.
Mabel: Indeed I do not. I look through her. I don't

I
MAKE...
even notice what she has on.
4. FOR 1. направляться в, к to move or proceed- towards.

I
A salesman was dismissed because of a lack of courtesy
to customers. A month later the sales manager spotted him
walking about in a police uniform.
"I see you've joined the force, Jones," said the sales
e. g. As soon as she heard the baby's cry she made for
the pram. The boy was making for the nearest railway
station. 2. содействовать, способствовать to contribute
to, to conduce to. e. g. This work will make for good

I
manager. relations between the two countries. That action all
"Yes," replied Jones. "This is the job I've been looking makes for our good, so you should support them.
for all my life. On this job it is I who can look down on OUT 1. разбирать, различать (зрительно или на слух)
the customers."

I
to manage to read, to see, or hear. e. g. His handwrit-
ing isn't easy to read, I can't make out some of the
5. words. They could make out the hills afar off. 2. по-
Slight Error нимать, уяснять to understand, to interpret, e. g. I can't

I
Joan: John, dear, your office is on Broad Street, isn't it?
John: Yes, why?
Joan: That's funny. I told that to Daddy and he said
make out why he allows his children to do as they like.
Can you make out the meaning of this sentence? It's most
incomprehensible. 3. составлять (документ), выписы-
вать (рецепт, чек, счет, и т. п.) to draw up, to write

I
he'd been looking you up in Bradstreet. * out any document (bill, order, etc,), e.g. The cashier made
out the bill while I waited. I should like him to make
out a list of the people invited to the party.

I
UP 1. составлять, приготовлять (лекарство по рецепту,
обед, блюдо и т. п.) to compound different ingredients
(medicine, dinner, etc.). e. g. The druggist made up the
prescription for me. She was at a loss as she did not

I
know how to make up that dish. 2. выдумывать, со-
чинять, фабриковать to compose, to fabricate, e. g.
Whenever he had free time he was making up rhymes
about his friends. The author made up his book of ima-

I ginary children's stories. 3. составлять, представлять

(являться частью) to compose the whole, form the
parts of. e. g. Students made up the majority of the

I
audience. 4. пополнять, восполнять, дополнять (число,
количество) to complete, to f i l l up what is wanting.
135

I
 e. g. The doctor advised him to keep off meat for h a l f
a year. You'd better keep off this subject.
ON (at/with smth.) продолжать настойчиво делать
что-л. to continue, to go on doing smth. e. g. Keep on
as you are. All will come well in the end. Keep
straight on until you get to the square, then turn to the
left. You'd better keep on at it. Keep on with this
book.
OUT (of) не допускать, не впускать; не вмешиваться,
оставаться в стороне to prevent from coming in, to re-
main out. e. g. Keep out till the house is quieter.
You'd better keep out of their quarrels.
TO придерживаться чего-л., не отклоняться (от темы
и т. п.) to stick closely to. e. g. Keep to the point.
Keep to your task till it's finished.
UP 1. поддерживать, содержать в хорошем состоянии
to keep in proper state, e. g. The car will last long
if you keep it up. 2. поддерживать, не давать сни-
жаться, стимулировать to maintain, to prevent (one's
spirits, prices, etc.) from sinking e. g. Something must
be done to keep up the prices. We must keep up our
position. 3. держаться, не падать духом, поддержи-
вать морально to be brave or cheerful in spite of fa-
tigue, anxiety, etc. e. g. Keep up! If you fall you'll
be done for. It's difficult but I am trying to keep up.
UP WITH не отставать, поспевать, держаться наравне
с кем-л. to go forward or make progress, to prooeed
at an equal pace with smb. or smth. e. g. After his
illness the boy couldn't keep up with the class. We
must keep up with the times not to fall behind.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. He tried to keep up his tone of cold interrogation
but his voice when he spoke was humble and indifferent.
2. It was difficult to keep to ordinary topics though
Emil's English was so good.
3. Ben passed out into the depths he had been trying to
keep out of for the boy's sake.
114
4. Her sister in the next room kepi on asking when we
proposed to come in.
5. The Prices and Incomes Board can only appeal for
voluntary action by the big monopolists to keep prices down.
6. It's a pity he wouldn't keep away from that Brov/n.
7. I gritted my teeth to keep back the weak exhibition
of my emotion.
8. That fellow would make his family pay through the
nose to keep him out ol bankruptcy.
9. She found it very d i f f i c u l t to keep up w i t h him. She
took three steps to every one of his.
.10. Keep at it, and you never knew... U n d M s l u d y for
a little and then perhaps you'll be the leading iaa\
11. I could not keep back a smile — and it gav.^ me right
away.
12. "Milly keeps on at me about moving to them/' said
my father.
13. They seemed like a loving and long-engage
kept back from marriage by the housing shortage.
14. As to my business, it is simply to provid homes
suited to the small means of very poor people. ЕЪ you sup-
pose I can keep up those roofs for nothing?
15. You can't keep a whole people down acainit their
will.
16. If I go this way I will get allowances and be ables
to keep up my part of the flat easily until I come back. Eh?
17. Funny you and Anna running into each other. She'
slack about keeping up with her old friends and ai the same
time she certainly misses them.
18. "You w i l l be kept in after classes, David," Miss Dove
said without glancing.
11. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to keep w i t h appro-
priate particles:
1. It is impossible to be up-to-date unless you read the
newspapers. 2. Little Hans could not make progress at an
equal pace with the miller who was riding a horse and soon
Hans fell behind. 3. Their courage bore up wonderfully and
none of them gave in. 4. It's difficult to maintain a con-
versation with someone who only says "yes" and "no". 5. "You
ought to eat something to maintain your strength," said
the doctor. 6. Stick to what you've said. Never hesitate
a -second if you are right. 7. Do you know that in England
115
 for the night. 8. I'm sure these steps w i l l contribute to the
progress of the work. 9. The manager instructed the clerk
to write a cheque in the name of Mr Brown. 10. "The let-
ter hasn't been sent yet, they are drawing up the offer,"
said the engineer. 11. "Hurry up," said the driver, "fog is
setting in, it'll be hard to see the road." 12. "Why don't Pe-
ter and Polly make friends again?" "They'd like to, but
unfortunately they can't remember what they quarrelled
about." 13. I would not advise young girls to apply cosmet-
ics. The less make-up the better. 14. In many of his sto-
ries Chekhov mocked at the people who flattered those in
authority. 15. The more he tried to compensate for the wrong
he had done her the more restless and gloomy she became.
HI. Answer these questions:
1. Where would you go to have the prescription made up?
2. What does the expansion of our foreign trade make for?
3. Why do clowns in the circus make up very heavily?
4. Would you make up to somebody for the sake of your
friend?
5. What would you do if you felt you were wrong in a
quarrel? Would you try to make it up? In what case
wouldn't you?
6. Can you reduce your weight if you keep to a diet and
make up for it afterwards?
7. Why did Old Miss Crawley decide to make out another
will after she learned about Rawdon's marriage?
8. Is it easy to make out the meaning of a coded letter?
9. Do women make up the majority of the population jn
the world?
10. What do people mean when they say: "A good wife can
make up a clever dish out of bits and pieces?" Can you?
11. Do you usually make up a list of books to be read
during your holiday? ч
12. W i l l you have a lot of homework to make up for if
you miss a month?
13. Do you believe that a poet can make up a poem im-
promptu?
14. In what cases would you make up an excuse?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. I knew they had been loyal friends for years and fol-
lowed each other through thick and thin. And now I can't make
138
I
... why they haven't yet made . . . their quarrel. 2. This
book of fairy tales has no pictures; but I've made . . . . . .
the deficiency by using my imagination. 3. You've made
. . . a very nice song. 4. She made everybody trying
to make what she had done. 5. Men say that wom-
en like them to make them and women claim
the opposite. 6. I can't make him . . . . He seemed to be
friendly and then suddenly he turned a cold shoulder on me.
7. If you can get him to make . . . the document you may
be sure he'll do it well. 8. "It takes six players to make
. . . a team," said the coach. 9. I can't make . . . what's
come over the child. He is unusually restless. 10. You must
brush up.mathematics, if you want to do well at the exam.
It makes . . . an important part of the examination. 11. He
must have read the story, he can't have made it . . . on
the spot. 12. No sooner had the alarm signal sounded than
the fire-men sprang up to their feet and made . . . the cars.
13. The more he read the more puzzled he felt. He could
not make . . . what the telegram meant. 14. Before you go
shopping make . . . a list of things you are going to buy.
15. "I can't make .. . who this telegram is from?" "Western
Union: I recognize the handwriting." (A joke). 16. The firm
peaceful policy of the Soviet Union makes ... peace in the
world.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to make up to smb. for smth.; to make up (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
to make out (1, 2, 3); to make for (1, 2)
V I . In what circumstances would you say?
f
1. I'm afraid I can't accept the prescription. It's impossible
to make out the dosage.
2. I think, conduct of that kind does not make for good
relations between neighbours.
3. I suppose nobody could make out what he meant.
4. He is very quick at making up excuses.
5. When a quarrel has once been made up, the best thing
is to forget it.
6. He is not the one to make up to those who are wealthier
than he.
139
V I I . Make up situations using the following:
составляют основную часть населения страны. Ь. Пере-
a) To be done orally. дайте мне очки, я не могу разобрать мелкий шрифт.
6. Вам придется выписать копию счета, он потерял ори-
1. Losing One's Way гинал. 7. Сойдя с поезда, он сразу направился в почтовое
отделение. 8. Сделайте еще несколько опытов. Зто будет
to lose one's way; to be in for a cold night; to be be- способствовать лучшим результатам. 9. Что-то ие ладится
hind; not to be able to make out (anything); to put up (for в наших отношениях последнее время, мы то споримся,
the night); to get up; to be quite close to smth.; to make for то миримся. 10. На вашем месте я бы не пользовалась
2. Two Heads are Better Than One косметикой. У вас чудесный цвет лица и краска его только
портит. 11. Актер был загримирован изумительно; време-
to come out with (a plan); to f a l l out with; to go on нами казалось, что на сцене сам Пушкин. 12. Казалось
with (the work); to be pressed (for time); to go without; странным, что сильная, умная женщина заискивает перед
to feel sorry (about the quarrel); to make up; to make up этим глупым самодуром. 13. Джемме иногда казалось,
for (lost time); to get through well что ей никогда не искупить вины перед Артуром.
b) To be done in writing.
X. Read and relate the stories:
The First Patient
1.
The door opened and the first patient came in.
The young doctor examined him thoroughly but, to his Butcher: I can't give you any more credit, Your
horror, he could not make out what the matter was. bill is bigger now than it should be.
In despair he made out a prescription for some febrifuge. Customer: I know that. Just make it out as it should
He made for the Medical Encyclopedia. be and I'll pay it.
The young doctor hurried to the taxi and started for the 2.
patient's house.
He: When I proposed to Flossie she asked me for a little
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following: time to make up her mind.
She (the hated rival): Oh! So she makes that up too,
There is no Rose without a Thorn doesn't she?
to quarrel (again) to make up (a quarrel) 3.
not to be able to make out to f a l l out with (over trifles)
(the reasons) to look into Mary: I thought you and Tessie weren't speaking.
to advise to part for some to see whether it would be Roberta: Oh, yes, we are now. We've made up. I want-
time possible to get on well ed to find out what Elsie told her about rne.
to make for
4.
IX. Translate the following sentences:
Husband (to cook): My mother-in-law is coming on a long
visit tomorrow. I've made out a list of her f a v o u r i t e dishes
1. Мы задерживаемся с составлением списков. 2. Я не for you.
могу понять, как вы можете обходиться без словаря. Cook: Yes, sir.
3. Он очень хорошо сочиняет стихи. Я думаю попросить Husband: Well, the first time you make up one of them,
его написать что-нибудь для нашей стенгазеты. 4. Арабы you're fired.
МО
HI

КУ!»вР!?!''
 5.
Very stern parent indeed: Come here, sir! What is this
complaint the schoolmaster has made against you?
Much injured youth: I can't make out. It's just nothing
at a l l . You see, Jimmy Hughes bent a pin, and I only just
left it on the teacher's chair for him to look at, and he
came in without his specs (= spectacles) and sat right down
on the pin and 'now he blames me for it.
6.
— Aren't people funny?
— Yes. if you tell a man that there are 270, 678, 934,
341 stars in the universe he'll believe you — but if a sign
says "Fresh Paint," that same man has to make out the
meaning of it by personal investigation.
7.
The boy hurried home to his father with an announce-
ment: "Me and Joe Peck had a fight today."
The father nodded gravely: "Mr Peck has already called
to see me about it."
"Gee, Pop! I hope you made out how well I had done."
8.
A husband and wife came to a bank to open a joint
account. Being in a hurry, the man made out his signature
card and left.
"Let me see," an official of the bank said to his wife.
"This is to be a joint account, is it not?" • subject, e. g. He passed the book on to his wife. They
"That's right," smiled the wife. "Deposit for him — check-
ing for me."
PASS . . .
. . . BY оставлять без внимания to pay no -attention to,
to disregard, e. g. He has passed by my remark.
, . . FOR считаться, слыть кем-л. to be accepted as, to be
taken for smb. e. g. Because he looks rather intelligent
he passes for a much cleverer man than he really is.
Have you noticed that Mr Johnson's nose, eyes and fore-
head are very like his brother's? If he shaved o f f his
beard and side whiskers, I believe he would pass for
his brother.
... OFF 1. прекращаться, проходить (о боли) to disap-
pear, gradually to decrease in strength or intensity.
e. g. If you take this tablet your headache will pass off.
2. пройти удачно, хорошо (о концерте, вечере и т. п.)
to be carried through well, smoothly, e. g. The con-
cert passed off well. 3. выдавать за кого-л. to repre-
sent falsely, e. g. He'll pass me off as his sister.
... ON (TO) передавать дальше; переходить (к другому
вопросу) to hand over to smb.; to go on to another
passed on to the second item on the agenda.
... OVER пропускать, оставлять без внимания to over-
look, to disregard details, remarks intentionally, e. g.
Mr Anderson is a particularly strict man, and never
passes over any of his subordinates' mistakes.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. They (cardsharpers) have a weakness for passing them-
selves off for cavalrymen, commercial agents or landed pro-
prietors.
143
I
I 2. He tried to pass off her remark as a joke.
3. I'll just sit here quietly till the giddiness passes off.
4. Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but
the more serious ones will have to be investigated.
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Sir Pitt assured Becky that she would pass . . . ,. lady
of great distinction at the presentation to the King. 2. l i i g -

I
5. He stood talking to one of the tight-lipped women
that passed for neighbours and she hinted that there was
something wrong at his home.
6. It was time for someone to begin. Denis declined the
gins made a bet that he would pass ... Eliza as a dudiess
in half a year. 3. The reception at Lord Staine's house pass-
ed . . . splendidly and the worldly position of Becky was
settled. 4. His interest in geography soon passed . . . and

I invitation; he passed it on to Mr Scowan. "Well?" he said.

7. "Do you think you could word the letter so as to pass
a i i that over?" "I can pass it over if you wish. But if you
again he was uneasy and gloomy. 5. Becky passed
another song singing it with such sweetness and tenderness
that tears rolled down the cheeks of Lady Staine. 6. When
Becky tried to strike up a conversation with the ladies they

I
think Lady Roxdale will pass it over, I differ from you."
8. I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming
than that creature for all her wealth. I am as well bred as
the Earl's daughter and yet everyone passes me by.
passed .. . her remarks, broke off and dropped o f f one by
one to the fire-place.
V. Make up sentences using the following:

I II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to pass with appropriate
particles:
to pass by; to pass for; to pass on (to); to pass oil (1,
2, 3); to pass over
VI. In what circumstances would you say?

I 1. He can easily be taken for a man of 40 as he is full

of energy and vitality and vital people usually retain youthful
looks. 2. He is taken for a highbrow among our people.
And if you chance to have a talk with him you'll no doubt
1. I suppose she might have passed for an actress.
2. Notwithstanding our gravest presentiments the p a r t y
passed off well.

I find that he is not. 3. Don't bother. I'll let him know your
message as soon as he comes. 4. The pain disappeared shortly
after the injection. 5. We can't overlook the drawbacks that
keep down the progress of our work. 6. Though he tried
3. You oughtn't to pass yourself off as a V. I. P. (a very
important person).
4. If small offences are passed over they may lead to
more serious ones.

I to present this story as the truth it didn't go down with us.

III. Answer these questions:

f
5. Please pass on the message to all those whom it con-
cerns.
VII. Make up situations using the following:

I 1. Have you ever tried to pass for something you are not?
2. How would you behave if someone insulted a friend of
yours? Would you pass it by?
a) To be done orally.
1. Performing an Intelligence Task

I 3. Is it wise to pass on to a new rule without drilling in

the previous one properly? Why not?
4. Would you pass on any information you've got? When
would you keep it to yourself?
to be entrusted with a dangerous task; to be o f f ; to try
to pass for; to come across; to recognize; to be in for; to
make believe; to come down on; to put down; to pass off
well

I 5. Have you ever taken part in amateur theatricals? How

did your first performance pass off?
6. What remedy would you suggest for a toothache? In what
case would you suggest a tablet for the pain to pass off?
2. Jack of All Trades and Master of None
to try to pass for (Jack of all trades); to pass by; to make
up (a story); to let out; to pass on to; to get about (ru-

I 7. Is it decent to pass off other people's work as yours?

144
mours); to get at (the truth); not to get off
145

I
I
 b) To be done in writing.

Coming to the End of One's Tether

Whenever David ventured a remark at table his step-
father passed it by as if the boy had said something not
worth hearing. -
It was getting the child down.
He tried to do something to pass for an intelligent boy
so that his mother should smile and kiss him.
Nevertheless the stepfather never passed over any of Da-
vid's slips.
The child was at the end of his tether.
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:

Going Heart and Soul into One's Work

to get down to to keep to
to hold on to get along
to go into (the subject) to pass for
not to pass by to pass off (well)
IX. Translate the following sentences:

1. Демонстрация сторонников мира прошла успешно.

Более ста тысяч человек приняли в ней участие. 2. Он
никогда не оставляет без внимания оплошности своих
коллег. 3. Вероятно, боль сейчас пройдет. Я только что
приняла болеутоляющее. 4. Казалось, не будет конца го-
рячим спорам, и они не смогут перейти к обсуждению
нового проекта. 5. Если вы пропустите еще хоть одну
сшибку, я буду считать, что это результат небрежности.
6. Это замечание не относилось к делу, и я решил обойти
его молчанием. 7. На вашем месте я не оставлял бы без
внимания подобные случаи. 8. Это была возмутительная
сцена, я не мог пройти мимо. 9. Тебе нужно загримиро-
ваться немного и быть сдержаннее, тогда ты сойдешь за
мою старшую сестру.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.
— What power on earth made you return to your wif
when everybody agreed she was wrong?
146
I
^^^н

I — Water power.
— Oh, come, be serious!
— I mean it: I couldn't pass over her crying.

I 2.
Mr Smith had a weak heart. One night he dreamed that
he fell out of an aeroplane. The dream frightened him so

I much that he died in his sleep.

Can this story pass for a true one?
PULL...

... DOWN сносить (здание) to demolish, to destroy, e. g.

I
3.
New houses are going up in place of the old ones pull-
Modern ed down. It's easier to pull down than to b u i l d up.
Stranger: How old are you, sonny?
. . . I N (INTO) прибывать ;.(о поезде, пароходе) to draw

I
Boy: That's hard to say, sir. According to my latest
school tests, I have a psychological age of 11 and a moral
age of 10. Anatomically I'm 7; mentally I'm 9. But I sup-
pose you refer to my chronological age. That's 8 — but every-
into the station or alongside the platform, to get into.
e. g. As the train pulled in there was a rush to get
seats. It was 10.30 when we pulled into Euston.

I
body passes it by nowadays. .. . OUT (of) уходить (о поезде), отчаливать (о лодке)
to begin to move, to start, e. g. We arrived at the
4. station just as the train was pulling out (of the sta-
tion).

I
A Howling Success
— Is your married life one grand sweet song?
— Well, since our baby's been born, it w i l l pass for
an opera, f u l l of grand marches, with loud calls for the
... THROUGH 1. спасти(сь), выжить после болезни, to
recover from a serious illness, to bring smb. s a f e l y
through a serious illness, e. g. With careful nursing

I author every night. the patient should pull through. The doctor is hopeful
that he w i l l be able to pull the patient through.
XI. Describe the pictures on p. 147 using the words given: ' 2. выпутать(ся), спасти(сь) (от опасности) to come
safely through a critical state of a f f a i r s , to save smb.

I Inferiority Complex
to look forward to (a party), to look back (on the past),
to get out, to make for, to pass off (as smb.), to look
or smth. from ruin, disaster, e. g. The economic sit-
uation is certainly serious, but we have faced others
just as serious before, and have always pulled through.

I
down on, to bring about (a change), to break down, to ... UP останавливать(ся), делать остановку to stop. e. g.
look through The car pulled up just outside the hotel. The policeman
pulled up the motorist and asked to see his licence.

I EX ERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:

I
1. A l l the energies of the government w i l l be needed
to pull the country through her present d i f f i c u l t i e s .
149

I
I
 2. But you must not worry. It is not serious: you can
hardly call it measles. We shall pull her through, be-
lieve me.
3. When the train pulled into the sheds of Union Sta-
tion with its late winter smell of cold smoke and steam,
he saw Lilly pass beneath his window with a man who was
certainly not Tony.
4. The industry can only be pulled through its d i f f i -
culties by a concerted effort on the part of management
and workers.
5. The train was already pulling out of Philadelphia
for Baltimore, when he found himself in the dining-car
opposite a thin blond woman with an air of smartness such
as he hadn't seen for a long time.
6. As I understand it, Robbin's Row is to be pulled
down to make way for the new street into the Strand.
7. Leave things as they are; and you stand a good
chance of being fined, or condemned, or pulled down be-
fore long.
8. Through torn mist they would watch the six o'clock
steamer pull in at the pier.
9. Two hours later the car pulled up at the front door
once more and Henry led the way into the study.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to pull with appro-
priate particles:
1. Though his condition is giving rise to some anxiety
we hope that he will get well. 2. These houses' are to
be destroyed to make way for a new thoroughfare. 3. He
thinks he can pull the wool over my eyes but he is mistak-
en: by doing so he'll only get into a pretty mess and
will never get out of it safely. 4. This professor is sure
to save the patient. 5. I could tell by the sound that a car
had stopped at our house. 6. It was sleeting when we got
into London. 7. He got on the train when it was just mov-
ing out.
III. Answer these questions:
1. Why are many old houses being pulled down in Moscow?
2. Why is there usually a rush on the platform when the
train pulls in?
150
I
3. What do the passengers on the train do when their
train pulls in?
4. Why do passengers go out on deck when the boat pulls
out?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Our house is going to be pulled ... in a. year or so
and we are looking forward to moving into a new f l a t .
2. As the train pulled ... the station Manson leaped from
the train and walked quickly down the platform, searching
eagerly for some sign of welcome. 3. You need a long rest
to pull . . . after that operation. 4. They were half-way
through their dinner when they heard a car pull . .. out-
side the house. 5. Bosinney rushed back towards the car-
riage he had just left. He was too late. A porter caught
him by the coat; the train was already pulling . . . .
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to pull down; to pull in (into); to pull out (of); to
pull through (1,2); to pull up
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. The train has just pulled in.
2. The patient will pull through somehow, I am sure.
3. The train was already pulling out of the station.
VII. Make up situations using the following.
To be done orally.
1. Getting Well
to be taken seriously ill; to call in (a doctor); to keep
from (some food); to get over; to pull through
2. Meeting a Friend
to come back; to go to the station; to find out; to be
held up; to pull in; to take a taxi; to pull up
151
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^^^м

I VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:

1. Missing the Train

I
to come about that... not to get in at 6 o'clock
to come back to take a taxi PUT...
to get back (home) to get into (a jam)
to be out (about the to pull out

I wife) ABOUT распространять (слухи и т. п.) to spread

about (rumours, etc.). e. g. A conservative paper put
IX. Translate the following sentences: about the idea that the country had lost . a m i l l i o n
pounds on the transaction.

I 1. Эта улица изменилась до неузнаваемости: все ста-

рые дома снесены, и на их месте выросли красивые высо-
кие здания. 2. Поезд уже прибывает, только, пожалуйста,
ASIDE копить (деньги) to save money, to put away.
e. g. Every summer he worked hard to put aside enough
money to continue his education.

I
не суетитесь и не спешите: он стоит 10 минут. 3. Если бы
вы привезли больного раньше, мы могли бы спасти его.
4. Остановите, пожалуйста, машину у моего дома.
AWAY 1. убирать, ставить или класть на место to
put into proper place, e. g. I put those papers away
so carefully that I can't find them anywhere. 2. откла-
дывать, копить (деньги) to save money, to put aside.

I
X. Read and relate the stories:
e. g. By and by he managed to put away a nice sum
1. of money.
DOWN 1. записывать to write, to put on paper, e. g.

I
Shocking Politeness
Put that telephone number down before you forget it.
Policeman: How did you knock him down? 2. класть, ставить (на стол, пол и т. п.) to set or
Motorist: I didn't! I pulled up to let him go across place down. e. g. He picked up the kettle and put it
and he fainted. down at once because the handle burnt his hand.

I 2.
Perfect Specimen *
3. подавлять (восстание, сопротивление) suppress by
force and authority, to put an end to. e. g. The rebel-
lion was severely put down. 4. унизить, сбить спесь

I
to make humble, to lower in position, e. g. She looked
— And at her request you gave up drinking? a little put down. 5. высаживать(ся) to make smb.
— Yes. get off from a vehicle, e. g. W i l l you put down this
— And you stopped smoking, for the same reason? elderly lady at Trafalgar Square?

I
— I did, she actually pulled me through. DOWN TO относить, приписывать to attribute to smth.
— Then why didn't you marry her? e. g. He put his failure down to lack of efficiency.
— Well, after all that I realized I could do better. The fever was put down to the bad weather.

I
IN 1. проводить (электричество, газ и т. п.), уста-
навливать (телефон и т. п.) to place in, to install.
e. g. Shortly gas w i l l be put in in every house.
They've had a new boiler put in. 2. вставить (слово),

I
сказать to insert a remark, to interpose, e. g. He had
no opportunity to put in a word for his friend (i. e.
153

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I to speak on his behalf). 3. проводить время (за ка-
ким-л. делом) to spend time on. e. g. He put in a
whole week of work on that article. I can put in some
I
time at the library while you're shopping.
OFF 1. откладывать (дело, занятие, встречу) to post-
pone actions, appointment, e. g. We shall have to put
off our outing until the weather improves. Never put
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off t i l l tomorrow what you can do today. 2. избегать,
уклоняться от, отделываться to evade meeting smb.,
going somewhere, doing smth. with excuses, e. g. He
I
tried to put me off with more promises. Whenever he
tried to see them they put him off with excuses. Put
off your doubts and keep at your work. 3. вызывать
отвращение to cause disgust, e. g. The picture on the
I
cover put me off.
ON 1. надевать to clothe oneself with. e.g. Put your
coat on, it's cold outside. 2. ставить (чайник, кастрюлю
и т. п. на огонь), поставить граммофонную пластинку
I для проигрывания to put smth. on the fire to boil, to place
smth. e. g. I've bought a new record. W i l l you put it
on? W i l l you put the kettle on? 3. сажать кого-л. на
I
поезд, автобус и т. д. to place smb. aboard the train.
e. g. You needn't worry. I'll put you on the train and
then phone them. 4. ставить (пьесу) to produce a play.
e. g. A new play was put on at the Maly Theatre.
I
5. принимать (вид), напускать на себя to assume, to
pretend to have an air, appearance, manner, etc. e. g.
He put on an air of innocence, but it did not de£
ceive us.
I OUT 1. гасить, выключать, тушить (свет, газ и т. п.)
to extinguish, to cause to stop burning, to turn off.
e. g. Don't forget to put the lights out before you go
I
to bed. Those green branches will put the fire out.
2. мешать кому-л; расстроить кого-л. to inconvenience
smb., to disturb; to upset smb. e. g. I hope we are
not putting you out by arriving so early. When I saw
I
her that morning she seemed rather put out by your
letter.
THROUGH (to) соединять (по телефону) to connect
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smb. with smb, on the telephone, e. g. We are trying
to put you through. Put me through to the director.
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I
I
... UP 1. поднимать to raise a hand, a sail, etc. e.g.
Those who have read the book put up your hands.
They put up a sail and the boat soon disappeared in
the distance. 2. строить, воздвигать (здание и т. п.)
to build, to erect, e. g. They are putting up new houses
as fast as they can. 3. выставлять, вывешивать (объяв-
ление и т. п.) to f i x up a notice, sign, etc. for p u b l i c
view. e. g. They've put up a notice about the altera-
tions in the time-table. 4. поднять (цены и т. n*)to raise
price, rent, etc. e. g. They put up the rent from 30 s. to
35 s. a week. 5. (at, with) останавливаться; принимать,
давать приют; ставить (машину в гараж) to stay for
a time, to provide with food, lodgings or shelter, e. g.
They decided to put up at the inn for the night. We
hadn't a room to spare, so we put him up w i t h the
Browns. W i l l you put his car up in your garage for
the night?
... UP WITH терпеть, мириться to stand, to endure, to
tolerate smth. or smb. (insults, annoying persons, etc.)
e. g. She found it d i f f i c u l t to put up with her noisy
neighbours.
EX E R C I S E S
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. I'll be under water half an hour. Then I ' l l come up
and put in a new f i l m and go down for another ten min-
utes...
2. So Maria let him have his way as she thought she
would put in a word for Alphy.
3. She even put off her fortune-telling friends from
their weekly conclave.
4. "You're going home," he said firmly. "It's the best
thing to do. I'll put you on the bus."
5. When he put her down in front of the big house, she
really got frightened.
6. Indeed she put on a smile of greeting, a distinctly
sarcastic smile.
7. She remembered her father putting on her mother's
bonnet to make the children laugh.
8. Holly's in — i f you could put up with a female re-
lation, she'd show you round.
155
 9. His coming tonight meant that a great deal of work
had to be put off but he was in no mood for work at all.
10. Hack-work could be put aside.
11. She insisted on putting him up at our apartment.
12. What kind of witless trick was it to put a man's
gaiters away damp?
13. "She's been top for nearly six weeks, father," put
in Mary bravely.
14. She is impatient with the members of her panel
and by no means inclined to put herself out for their con-
venience.
15. He puts on the record again, and lifts off the needle
after a few lines.
16. And she could not understand that she put people off.
17. I knew him as a man to be very much like myself.
But he'd something I've had to put away whilst I'm in
office. Honour.
18. Try to put in a telephone call and they stall you
along for an hour and then tell you the circuits are busy
for two hours.
19. They asked for the proposals to be put down on
paper, so that they might study them at leisure.
20. At first the outbreak of food poisoning was put
down to contaminated milk.
21. There weren't but three whole steps in the staircase
and no handrail. I thought it best to have a few boards
put in.
22. But when I put through call after call, late into
the night, I became alarmed.
f
23. They all went into a room, and I wanted to follow,
but this bloke came along and put up this notice on the
door.
24. Then I put on coffee to boil and brought out my
laundry bucket, which had been jouncing for two days.
25. Jennings looked a little put down. He felt the
impact of a personality stronger than his own, it subordi-
. nated him.
96. Look at me. Why am I rolling all about the shop?
Because of the years I put in on the sea.
27. Do you want me to put out the lamp?
28. "You must know of what is happening in the
country," he said at last putting down the guitar.
29. Automation puts up profits.
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1
30. "You are not the only one that got injured," he
said as if it was the worst thing that could happen, and
that such attacks should be put down.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to put with appropriate
particles:
1. But for the idioms you used Peter would have got
at the gist of your joke. 2. Don't you see that the article
cries out for revision and you shouldn't postpone making
alterations in it? 3. Everything will come out well if you
discard your intention to leave and stay to f i n i s h the job.
4. I'm head over ears in work now and I'd rather get them
to postpone their visit to us. 5. There was an unpleasant
smell in the cave that repelled me the very moment I step-
ped in. 6. Dress yourself in this woollen sweater. It will
keep out the cold. 7. It usually annoys me when people
keep saying that I'm putting on weight. 8. I feel it in my
bones that she only pretends to be indifferent but 1 see that
she suffers a great deal. 9. Will you please play this re-
cord again? It brings back the days of my youth. 10. When
the firemen came the house was all in flames and they
could do nothing to extinguish the fire. 11. The new play
produced by this theatre has fallen short of our expecta-
tions. 12. "Have you placed the saucepan on the cooker
yet?" "Yes, I have. Now see to it that the soup does not
boil over." 13. Don't worry. I won't leave until I take
them aboard the steamer. 14. I don't think it'll disturb
them in the least if we arrive late. You'll feel quite at
home with them. 15. "Hallo,", shouted the man. "Operator,
will you connect me with the hospital. 16. The new manager
ruled with a rod of iron. Any attempt at disobedience was sup-
pressed immediately. 17. They fixed the notice saying that the
meeting would be put off. 18. He laughed out loud at this
minor inconvenience, "This is nothing compared to what
we had to endure in the Army." 19. Irene was greatly
upset when she learned that Soames and Fleur were staying at
the same hotel. 20. "There, there," said the old man to
Oliver. "You needn't be scared. You'll be accommodated
in this room for the night and .. . fresh for the morrow
as the saying goes." 21. Vast areas of new buildings are
being built in Moscow and its vicinity. 22. When the
imports were cut down home manufacturers raised their
prices. 23. I had moved away the cards when Mr Kelada
157
 9. His coming tonight meant that a great deal of work
had to be put off but he was in no mood for work at all.
10. Hack-work could be put aside.
11. She insisted on putting him up at our apartment.
12. What kind of witless trick was it to put a man's
gaiters away damp?
13. "She's been top for nearly six weeks, father," put
in Mary bravely.
14. She is impatient with the members of her panel
and by no means inclined to put herself out for their con-
venience.
15. He puts on the record again, and lifts off the needle
after a few lines.
16. And she could not understand that she put people off.
17. I knew him as a man to be very much like myself.
But he'd something I've had to put away whilst I'm in
office. Honour.
18. Try to put in a telephone call and they stall you
along for an hour and then tell you the circuits are busy
for two hours.
19. They asked for the proposals to be put down on
paper, so that they might study them at leisure.
20. At first the outbreak of food poisoning was put
down to contaminated milk.
21. There weren't but three whole steps in the staircase
and no handrail. I thought it best to have a few boards
put in.
22. But when I put through call after call, late into
the night, I became alarmed.
f
23. They all went into a room, and I wanted to follow,
but this bloke came along and put up this notice on the
door.
24. Then I put on coffee to boil and brought out my
laundry bucket, which had been jouncing for two days.
25. Jennings looked a little put down. He felt the
impact of a personality stronger than his own, it subordi-
. nated him.
?6. Look at me. Why am I rolling all about the shop?
Because of the years 1 put in on the sea.
27. Do you want me to put out the lamp?
28. "You must know of what is happening in the
country," he said at last putting down the guitar.
29. Automation puts up profits.
156
30. "You are not the only one that got injured," he
said as if it was the worst thing that could happen, and
that such attacks should be put down.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to put with appropriate
particles:
1. But for the idioms you used Peter would have got
at the gist of your joke. 2. Don't you see that the article
cries out for revision and you shouldn't postpone making
alterations in it? 3. Everything will come out well if you
discard your intention to leave and stay to finish the job.
4. I'm head over ears in work now and I'd rather get them
to postpone their visit to us. 5. There was an unpleasant
smell in the cave that repelled me the very moment I step-
ped in. 6. Dress yourself in this woollen sweater. It will
keep out the cold. 7. It usually annoys me when people
keep saying that I'm putting on weight. 8. I feel it in my
bones that she only pretends to be indifferent but I see that
she suffers a great deal. 9. Will you please play this re-
cord again? It brings back the days of my youth. 10. When
the firemen came the house was all in flames and they
could do nothing to extinguish the fire. 11. The new play
produced by this theatre has fallen short of our expecta-
tions. 12. "Have you placed the saucepan on the cooker
yet?" "Yes, I have. Now see to it that the soup does not
boil over." 13. Don't worry. I won't leave until I take
them aboard the steamer. 14. I don't think it'll disturb
them in the least if we arrive late. You'll feel quite at
home with them. 15. "Hallo,", shouted the man. "Operator,
will you connect me with the hospital. 16. The new manager
ruled with a rod of iron. Any attempt at disobedience was sup-
pressed immediately. 17. They fixed the notice saying that the
meeting would be put off. 18. He laughed out loud at this
minor inconvenience, "This is nothing compared to what
we had to endure in the Army." 19. Irene was greatly
upset when she learned that Soames and Fleur were staying at
the same hotel. 20. "There, there," said the old man to
Oliver. "You needn't be scared. You'll be accommodated
in this room for the night and ... fresh for the morrow
as the saying goes." 21. Vast areas of new buildings are
being built in Moscow and its vicinity. 22. When the
imports were cut down home manufacturers raised their
prices. 23. I had moved away the cards when Mr Kelada
157
sat down. 24. It's not in your interests to spread what
you've been let into. 25. You can go up to my flat in
the lift now. It has been recently installed. 26. These
are minor errors. You can explain them by carelessness
but you shouldn't pass them over. 27; You needn't worry.
Just tell the conductor where you are bound for and he'll
tell you to get off at the right place. 28. She could live
comfortably in a house of her own as she had obviously
saved a tidy sum in private service. 29. Will you write
the figures down for me? My fingers are still numb with
cold. 30. Don't worry about your remarks. He is a boast-
ing type and needs discouragement from time to time.
31. Take these papers aside to make rcom for your frtend's
drawing.
I I I . Answer these questions:
1. Are your children used to putting things away?
2. On what occasions do people put money away?
3. Have your parents put some money away for a rainy
day?
4. Do you think it's worth putting down impudent per-
sons?
5. What will you do if you ought to keep something in
mind but fear that your memory may let you down?
6. Why were the first peasant revolts put down so easily
in old Russia?
7. What could a person's bad mood be put down to?
8. Has the telephone been put in in your flat? * a little put ... by the questions. They irritated and hurt
9. Why are trees usually put in in spring and autumn?
10. Do you follow the saying: "Never put off till tomorrow
what you can do today"?
11. Why did Gobsec find pleasure in putting off his poor
debtors?
12. Are you usually put off by the first unpleasant impres-
sion of a person?
13. Do you know what new plays have been put on at the
Sovremennik Theatre?
14. Can you put up with unpunctual people?
15. What may put you out?
16. Do you like to deal with people who are easily put
out?
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17. What do we do to tackle the housing problem in our
country?
18. Does it inconvenience you to put friends up overnight?
19. Do you often travel on business? Where do you put
up?
20. What notice do they put up if they want workers?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. She must have been put . . . by my words. But
I think that an honest tale is best, being p l a i n l y told.
2. The line is engaged. I can't put you . . . now. 3. Many-
storeyed prefabricated houses are being put ... here and
there in our city. 4. I am afraid they won't be able to
put us . . . at such short notice. 5. We can't put
this tangle of red-tape any longer. The sooner we do away
with it the better. 6. Stop getting at her. Don't you see
that it puts her ... ? 7. Will you put . . . .the lid to stop
the water brimming over? 8. Put the soup . . . while I am
cutting up sandwiches. 9. "Put . . . your toys, children,
-when you have finished with them," said the mother. 10. The
rumours were put . . . that the Gadfly had already been
transferred to another prison. 11. "Would you put your-
self . . . for me?" "Certainly." "Then close the door as you
pass out." 12. "Another bill," sighed her husband, "and we
decided we were going to put a bit ... for a rainy day."
"Yes, darling, but don't you see the bill is for my new
raincoat?" 13. The rebellion of the Italian people was se-
verely put ... by the Austrian troops. 14. Marjory felt
her at the same time. 15. They asked the bus conductor
to put them ... at the nearest tube-station. 16. My friend
says a cooker will shortly be put . . . in their flat. 17. Every-
one at the club put . . . their various pieces of knowledge,
using imagination when knowledge failed. 18. "You're going
home," he said firmly. "It's the best thing to do now.
I'll put you . . . the bus and off you go." 19. She actually
monopolized the conversation, I could hardly put a word . . . .
20. My time was my own and I used to put it ... on the
river. 21. He got up the subject well, he put ... a lot of
time on it. 22. You shouldn't be put ... by his remarks.
He has a loud bark and no bite. 23. They had to put . . ,
the discussion as there were a lot of things to be looked
159
into yet. 24. It was real blackmail and the blackmailer
wouldn't be put . . . with small sums. 25. You shouldn't
be put . . . by her loud dress. The woman has a heart of
gold. 26. We had a hectic time packing last night and
I forgot to put the light .. . when we left. 27. You needn't
put . . . a busy look, I won't be put . . . by it this time.
28. The Sovremennik Theatre specializes in putting . . .
plays by young authors. 29. I'm going to put . . . my new
hat, i t ' l l go nicely with this suit.
V. Make up sentences using the following:
to put about; to put down (1, 3, 4, 5); to put in (1, 2);
to put off (2, 3); to put on (2, 5); to put out (1, 2); to put
through; to. put up (2, 5); to put up with
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. She needs putting down.
2. W i l l you put in a word for him, please?
3. You should put off your doubts.
4. He was put out by the loss of the season ticket.
5. I'm afraid we can't put you up tonight.
6. They had to put up with all the inconveniences.
7. He always puts me off w i t h promises.
V I I . Make up situations using the following,
a) To be done orally.
1. Buying a Car ' расстроена, когда ей сказали, что ее доклад не отражает
to put aside (money); to buy (a car); to borrow; to
make up (the sum); to be down and out; to cut down
(expenses); to pay the debts
2. Dangerous Game
to play (with matches); to break out; to put out; to
come over (a fear); to be done for (about the house); to
come down on; to put in (a word for); to get off (lightly)
3. Setting the Rebels Free
to put down (the rebellion); to arrest; to put on an
air of benevolence; to try to bring over; to hold out; to
break into the prison; to free the rebels; to come out well
160
b) To be done in writing.
Teaching Somebody a Lesson
He always puts on an air of importance.
He wished to pass for a V. I. P. (a very i m p o r t a n t
person).
Everybody was put off by his manners.
They were unable to put up with him any longer.
They taught him a lesson.
V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:
Putting off a Party
to get up a party to put off
to put smth. down to smth. to do up (the rooms)
to be put out to put in (a lot of time)
to put up with
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. Только на улице я вспомнил, что забыл погасить
свет, и мне пришлось вернуться. 2. Вы только посадите
меня на поезд и идите, а то вы можете опоздать ил
метро. 3. Не судите о ней по ее поведению сегодня. Оно
было напускное. 4. Я думаю, что вам не следует откла-
дывать разговора с ним. 5. Я заступился за тебя, но ты
конечно виноват, и на этот раз ты легко не отделаешься,
6. На сей раз им не отделаться от меня обещаниями.
7. Надень пальто. Ты сильно кашляешь. 8. Его бессер-
дечность отталкивает людей. 9. Моя сестра была очень
последних достижений в этой области. 10. «Соедините
меня, пожалуйста, с директором», — сказал он, многозна-
чительно посмотрев на меня. Меня это нисколько не сму-
тило. 11. Жители городка с ненавистью смотрели на высо-
к и й забор с табличкой «Частная собственность», установлен
кый вокруг самого красивого уголка в его окрестностях
12. Друзья решили не сообщать больному неприятного
известия, они боялись, что у него поднимется темпера-
тура и ему станет хуже. 13. «Вы хотите, чтобы я верну-
лась только для того, чтобы подавать вам ваши ночны
туфли и терпеть ваше настроение?»—проговорила Элл.-;л
14. Оказалось, что в гостинице невозможно было остаЕю
виться: в городе проходила областная конференция уш
6 7-513 !«1
I
^^^н
I
телей. 15. Джон решил откладывать деньги с тем, чтобы
вовремя выплачивать взносы за машину. 16. На вашем
месте я убрала бы все ненужные вещи. В кабинете слиш-
ком тесно. 17. Отложи рисунки в сторону, мы можем
I
испачкать их. 18. Поставь сумку, я сама отнесу ее наверх.
19. Запишите фамилию этого автора, вы можете восполь-
зоваться его работами при подготовке к экзамену. 20. Не
беспокойтесь за мальчика, соседи по купе высадят его*
I
в Сочи, а мой брат встретит его на вокзале. 21. Вам
нужно внимательно разобраться во всем этом. Во всяком
случае не следует относить неуспех дела только за счет
его небрежности. 22. Если бы вы поставили ванную и
I
провели телефон, ваша квартира стала бы еще удобней.
23. Он распространяет эту версию для того, чтобы обз-
лить себя.
I
X. Read and relate the stories.
1.
Johnnie was gazing at his one-day-old brother, who lay
I
squealing in his cot.
"Has he come from heaven?" inquired Johnnie, who was
put out by the baby's wailing.
"Yes, dear."
I
"No wonder they put him out."
2.
Teacher: Correct the sentence: Before any damage could
I
be done the fire was put out by the volunteer fire brigade.
Bill: The fire was put out before any damage could be
done by the volunteer fire brigade.
I
3.
MacGregor and MacPherson decided to become teetotal-
ers, but MacGregor thought it would be best if they had
one bottle of whisky to put away in case of illness.
I
After three days MacPherson could bear it no longer
and said: "MacGregor, I'm not very well."
"Too late, MacPherson, I was not feeling well myself
I
all day yesterday."
4.
Jean had been naughty and had been sent into the den
to "think things over". After a while she came out all smiles
I
and said, "I thought and I prayed."
162
I
I
"Fine," said her mother. "That w i l l help you to be
good."
"Oh, I didn't ask God to help me to be good," said
the child. "I just told Him to help you to put up with
me."
5.
"Getting this f i f t y dollars from my husband was like
taking candy from a baby."
"Honest?"
"Yes, he put up a terrific row."
6. *
Wife: I've bought you a beautiful surprise for your
birthday — it has just arrived.
Husband: I'm curious to see it.
Wife: W a i t a minute and I'll put it on.
7.
Mrs Blank (visiting): Really, James and I meant to
call long before this, but somehow we kept putting off the
evil day.
8.
The defendant acknowledged that he hadn't spoken to
his wife in f i v e years, and the judge put in a question.
"What, explanation have you," he asked severely, "for
not speaking to your w i f e in f i v e years?"
"Your Honour," replied the husband, "I didn't like to
interrupt the lady."
9.
A wealthy man in Scotland had a new shooting-box
put up on his estate and invited a friend to come over
for a day's shooting. A few days before he was called to
town on an important business. As he did not want to
put out his friend he instructed his secretary to drop a line
to let him know that the shooting was being put off. W h a t
was the friend's consternation when he opened a letter which
began thus, "Dear Mr Scott, Mr Brown wishes me to i n f o r m
you that he cannot shoot himself tomorrow but hopes to
do so the day after."
6* 163
XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them:
A Visit to the Theatre
i vf чуж л
to put on (a new play); to be put through (to the
booking-office); to run away with; to look forward to; to
go out; to pull up (a bus); to get on; to get into; to feel
put out; to get back
RUN ...
ABOUT суетиться, бегать туда-сюда to run without
direction, here and there, e. g. I'll run about a b i t ,
I am quite chilly.
ACROSS случайно встретиться с кем-л., натолкнуть* я
на кого-л. to meet smb. accidentally, to come across, e. 5.
I ran across an old friend of mine the other day.
AFTER бегать за кем-л., ухаживать; преследовать
to seek the society of smb.; to try to catch, e. g. She
spends a lot of time running after well-known singeis,
AWAY 1. убегать to flee, to go away quickly, e. ;:>
He ran away without telling me the news. 2. избеган,
to avoid, e, g. You shouldn't run away from d i f f i c u l -
ties.
A W A Y WITH 1. овладеть, завладеть (о мыслях, чувст-
вах и т. п.); принять необдуманное решение, to accept
an idea hastily; to come to a quick unfounded con
elusion, e. g. She let her imagination run away w i i h
her. 2. потерять самообладание, контроль над собой
to cause to lose self-control (used of emotions), e. g.
Her tongue ran away with her and she regretted it
afterwards.
DOWN 1. сбить, наскочить на кого-л. to knock dov/si
someone by running into him with a vehicle, e. g. The
careless motorist ran down two small children. 2. оста-
навливаться (о машине, часах и т. д.) to stop going
or working, e. g. The clock has run down. Don't prc^s
the starter too long, the accumulator will run down,
(You'll run down the accumulator.) 3. относиться пре-
зрительно, критиковать to speak disparagingly, to speak
against, e. g. I don't like your manner of r u n n i n g
down everybody. 4. быть утомленным, нездоровым
(usu. predic.) to become weak, exhausted, e. g. Y o u ' / e
been working too hard and look run down.
165
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Г."4
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I
. . . IN 1. арестовать и посадить в тюрьму to arrest and
take to prison, e. g. He was run in for improper con-
duct. 2. испытывать, обкатывать to test smth., to
make sure it is f i t . e. g. The engine was run in before
I
being put into the car.
. . . INTO 1. столкнуться to collide with smth. e.g. The
brakes went out of order and the car ran into a bus.
I
2. наскочить, встретить случайно to meet smb. unex-
pectedly, e. g. You are likely to run into all sorts of
people here. 3. доходить до, достигать to reach, to
amount, e. g. I'm afraid your travelling expenses may
I
run into a tidy sum. The book has run into six edi-
tions.
... OUT истекать (о сроке действия документа) to end,
I
to expire, e. g. The agreement runs out next year.
... OUT OF кончиться (о запасах чего-л.) to become
exhausted, to come to an end. e. g. I've run out of
I
writing paper.
... OVER 1. бегло просмотреть to review, to go through,
to read through quickly, e. g. W i l l you run over the
I
paper, please, before having it typed? Let's run over
the song before the concert. 2. попасть под машину
to be knocked down and passed over (usu. Passive), e. g.
The old lady I travelled with got run over.
I ... TftROUGH 1. промотать, быстро потратить to waste,
to use up quickly and in a foolish way. e- g- He has
nearly run through his monthly allowance. 2. npoHrfBbi-
I
вать (об идее, мысли в книге, статье и т. п.) to go
through, e. g. The idea runs through the whole book.
... TO позволить себе to afford, e. g. I'm not running
to such luxuries. I can't run to a holiday in the
I Caucasus this year.
EXERCISES
I 1. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Don't let things run away with you, though, Brodie.
2. I'm afraid if I once let it get started, it will run
I
away with me.
166
I
I
3. And he tries to prevent himself from speculating
whether he or his heart would run down first.
4. A current of anticipation ran through the audience.
5. "You have a housekeeper here?" "Oh, no, one doesn't
run to niceties of that kind nowadays."
6. Don't bother me while I'm reading; run away and
play.
7. Don't run away; I've something to say to you.
8. I told them that my car was outside, that I had run
out of petrol.
9. What would they say of her in the Stores when they
found out she had run away with a fellow?
10. He could run about and pick flowers.
11. You don't look like the kind of person who contin-
u a l l y runs himself'down in order to have other people
reassure him that he's important.
12. Martin ran over the pages of his manuscript book.
13. He had run after no man in his life and he now
swore a solemn oath that he would never do so.
14. Yes. Died in St. Bridget's Hospital last Tuesday.
Run down by a lorry — only lived a few hours.
15. You are extremely run down, of course. I'm not
sure that I oughtn't to tell you that you are dangerously
run down.
16. Here is ten pounds; when you have run through
that, let me know, and I may let you have some more.
17. Yes, it was a pity, you ran across her.
18. "I've run into some trouble," I said. "Serious?"
"I expect I'll get out of it."
19. Will you run through this essay for me, and tell
me what you think of it?
20. "You let me just run into you like this," I cried.
21. I don't want your husband to run away with the
idea that I've anything against the Gue Club as such.
22. My tongue ran away, and I said it was a transform-
ation.
23. "We'll .have you run in for drunken driving," said
Fred.
24. The clock has run down because you didn't wind
it up.
' 25. My salary won't run to holidays abroad.
26. While he was walking along the street at Folkes-
tone, Kipps was run down by a cyclist.
167
I 27. I intend to use my car as much as I can for the tired." "It's your own f a u l t , dear. You should stop seeking

I next week or so, to run it in more quickly.

28. Dave tries to run away.
29. He ran out of matches and was afraid that his fire
would go out.
his society." 13. Winifred said that Val let the idea of set-
tling down in the country and breeding horses obsess him.
14. He lost his temper and came down heavily on his broth-

I 30. "What happened to Prince (a dog)?" "We were down

on the farm in Connecticut and he got run over."
31. "Do you remember a case about ten days ago —
er. 15. Becky was brought up not to avoid obstacles.
16. Irene watched the little boy who was playing about.
For a moment she imagined herself to be his mother. Her
fancy obsessed her and once again she felt lonely and un-

I
a man run over by a lorry—* "The fellow who snatched
a child practically from under the wheels of a lorry, and
got run down himself?"
32. Got your two bob ready? Well, there's good manage-
happy. 17. He is set on writing and won't give it up even
if his first book were severely criticised. 18. You shouldn't
overstrain yourself it'll be hard to restore your health once
you fall ill. 19. The trouble with this transistor is that

I ment for you: before Perce comes back with his Friday
money and everything. First year I was married, we always
used to run out about Wednesday.
33. I had the fear that I might somewhere run out of
you can't get a substitute battery if the present one is
exhausted. 20. You must.do about two thousand miles in
this car before you can drive at top speed. 21. In trying
to avoid injuring the children, the car collided with the

I butane gas, and how would I read in bed then?

34. It would probably run to 1,500,000 dollars by the
end of next year when the chapel will be opened to the
public.
bus. 22. He was the last person I expected to come across
in that club. 23. "Don't play on the road or you may be
knocked down by the passing vehicles," he said to the

I
children.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to run with appropriate I I I . Answer these questions:
particles: 1. When do people say "It's a small world"?

I 1. I'm afraid he'll be down and out when he pays his

debts which have reached a large sum. 2. This book is
a best-seller. It has already reached three editions. 3. I can't
2. What do you think of people who run away from d i f -
ficulties?
3. What idea can run away with you?
4. On what occasions can a person let his tongue run

I
make out why these errors have been overlooked in the away with him?
article; let us examine it again. 4. The state of the man 5. Why do teenagers sometimes run after celebrities?
who was knocked down yesterday is still grave but he has 6. It isn't a nice thing to run your friends down behind
been holding his own. 5. His passport expires next month. their backs, is it?

I Will you see to it that he renews it in time or he may

get into trouble? 6. The plane had a forced landing as they
had come to the end of fuel. 7. If I were you I wouldn't
give him money any longer. He will spend it in a month
7. Would a doctor let a person resume his work if he feels
run down?
8. What's to be done if the battery of the electric torch
has run down?

I or two and be stranded again. 8. We can't afford a bed-

room suite of furniture this year. 9. The idea of struggle
for peace that passes through the book is near and dear to
all of us. 10. "Four hours until he becomes public property!
9. On what grounds was Arthur (the Gadfly) run in?
10. Can a driver go more than 35 miles an hour if he is
running a new car in? W i l l it affect the engine?

I
Solicitor's divorce suit! Damn them all!" thought Soames.
"1 won't go away. I'll act as if nothing had happened."
11. At Hyde Park Corner Soames met by chance George
Forsyte, very sunburnt from racing. 12. "Jack makes me
11. Why is the sign "Running in" put on the front and
back windows of a new bus?
12. Whom did you run into during your last holiday?
13. Do you think running over a book can help a student

I 168
before an exam if he does not know the subject well?
169

I
I
I 14. Would you let a child go across a busy street alone? reality. 19. He is a matter-of-fact person and never lets
hls
Why? imagination run him. 20. I think the idea is
ru
15. What would you do if you ran out of ink (sugar at nning you. As it is the object that is unattainable.
2
home, petrol on the road, etc.)? \. It was a lucky chance that I ran ... Smith. But for

I 16. How should people cross a busy street to avoid getting

run down?
17. What would you do if you won a large sum? Would
you run through it quickly running to expensive things
him I'd have had nowhere to put up for the night in that
town.
»V. Make up sentences using the following:

I
to run across; to run away with; to run down (1, 2,
or would you use it sparingly? ' - 3, 4); to run in (1, 2); to run into (1, 2); to run out; to
IV. Supply the appropriate particles: run out of; to run over (1, 2); to run through (1, 2); to
run to
1. If you keep thumbing your nose at everybody you'll

I run ... trouble. 2. His condition is grave. He was run . . .

by a lorry yesterday but the doctors still hope that he will
pull through. 3. "I don't like people running me ... in front
of my friends." "Do you mean my remark?" "Oh, well, if
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. Her tongue ran away with her.
2. He looks run down.

I the cap fits wear it." 4. I forgot to wind up my watch

yesterday and it has run ... now. 5. I must apologize for
the delay in replying to your letter but all this time I've
3. The car couldn't have run into the bus.
4. I'm sorry, I've run out of petrol.
5. The man got run over (run down).
6. I'm not running to such an expensive thing.

I been feeling run ... and couldn't bring myself to write to

you. 6. Engines need running ... before they are put in
full operation. 7. "Most men who run ... women are run-
ning ... one woman only." 8. "How did your father know
7. He is sure to run through all the money within
a week.
VII. Make up situations using the following:

I we went out in the car yesterday?" "Quite simple! Remem-

ber that stout gentleman we ran ...? That was Father."
9. Policeman: Didn't you hear me call you to stop? Driver:
I didn't know it was you. I thought it was someone I'd
To be done orally.
1. Getting up an Expedition
to run away with (an idea of reaching the North Pole);

I run . . . . 10. The purchase of a farm would run ... a pretty

penny and Old Jolyon hesitated as he was not sure Val
would make a good farmer. 11. This time Martin ran*.-.
. . . money sooner than he had expected and no letters from
to be cut out for (an explorer); to do without; to run
across; to bring over; to get about (the preparations); to
get up (an expedition); to come across (difficulties); to run
through (the stock of provisions); to fail

I publishers arrived. 12. We've got a few minutes before the

train starts, so I'll just run ... your instructions again.
13. The lease ran ... on the 30th of October and the
2. A Helping Hand
to fall out with (the manager); to be given the sack;
to be out of work; to run through; to run into debt; to be

I
landowner insisted on the eviction of the poor family. 14. Very
soon he ran ... the money he had and then he was
down and out. 15. The mother laid in a good stock of pro-
visions before she left but he ran ... it all in a couple
down and out; to run across; to be with
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
Running in a New Car

I of weeks. 16. They decided to run ... the final scene again
to make sure that everybody knew the part well. 17. You
shouldn't stop children running ... . They have stayed
quiet for an hour and need exercise now. 18'. The woman
to run in (a new car)
to come about
to be pulled up
to run over (a dog)
to run about
to get off with a caution

I realized that her life was a failure but tried to run ... from (by a policeman)

170 171

I
I
I
I
IX. Translate the following sentences:
— Lost his nerve, I suppose?
1. Вы лучше еще раз просмотрите контрольную работу, — No: found it again.
прежде чем сдать ее. 2. В тумане наш теплоход наскочил - 3.

I
на маленькую рыбацкую лодку. 3. «У меня лопнуло тер-
пение. Он промотал все деньги, которые у нас были.
Я больше не могу с этим мириться»,— сказала Уинифред.
4. Я не могу себе позволить такие расходы сейчас. 5. Эта
Son (entering the office): Well, dad, I just ran up to
say hallo.
Dad: Too late, my boy. Your mother has already run

I
мысль проходит красной нитью через всю пьесу. 6. Ее
увлекла идея привлечь молодых поэтов на свои вечера.
7, В тот момент, когда тетушка Полли появилась на по-
роге дома, Том исчез за забором, 8. Я не люблю собира-
up to say hallo, and I've run out of all my change.
4.
A young boy undergoing an examination for a position

I телей автографов, которые бегают за знаменитостями только ran across the question: "What is the distance of the earth
для того, чтобы похвастаться своей коллекцией. 9. «Малыш, from the sun?" He wrote his answer as follows:
а почему ты не побегаешь?» — спросила я. «Я не могу,— "I am unable to state accurately but I don't believe
the sun is near enough to interfere with a proper perform-

I
ответил он.— Я часовой». 10. Чтобы избежать встречи
со старыми знакомыми и друзьями, Анна редко выходила ance of my duties if I get this clerkship."
в город за покупками. 11. Газеты сообщали, что в связи He got the job.
с сильным туманом произошло столкновение двух поездов. 5.

I
12. Хотя некоторые театральные критики отрицательно
отзывались о пьесе, она была поставлена в ряде театров.
13. Мне пришлось потратить много времени и энергии на
эту работу, я чувствую себя очень утомленной. 14. Я ду-
— Why is it that you women always insist on having
the last word?
— We don't. The only reason we get it is that we

I
маю, что некоторые детали этой машины нуждаются в дли- always have a dozen arguments left when you stupid men
тельном испытании. 15. «Я запрещаю тебе общаться are all run out.
с ним,— сказала мать.— Я слышала, что одного из его 6.
знакомых арестовали за кражу». 16. Сколько сейчас вре-

I
мени? У меня остановились часы. Breaking it Gently
— Mrs Upton's pet dog has been run over; she'll be
X. Read and relate the stories: heart-broken.

I
— Don't tell her abruptly.
1.
— No. I'll begin by saying it's her husband.
Auto Tourist: I clearly had the right of way when this

I
man ran into me, and yet you say I was to blame.
Local officer: You certainly were.
Auto Tourist: Why?
Local officer: Because his father is Mayor, his brother

I
is Chief of Police and I go with his sister.
2.
— Would you believe it? He actually ran away as they

I were standing at the altarl

172

I
I

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I
I 4. I'll see to it that you have the means to be inde-
I he can't help himself."
SEE...
I .. ABOUT позаботиться о чём-л.; навести справки, рас-
смотреть to attend to, to think about; to inquire into.
e. g. I'll see about the rooms myself. He promised to
I see about the matter.
... OFF провожать (отъезжающих) to go to an airport,
a railway station with someone who is starting on
I a journey, e. g. I'll see you off at the airport.
... OUT 1. проводить из помещения to show the way
outside, e. g. Will you see me out? I'm a stranger in
I this place. 2. дождаться, досидеть до конца (пьесы,
концерта и т. п.) to be able to stay to the end. e. g.
The performance was so boring we could hardly see it
out,
I ... THROUGH 1. доводить до конца to complete, to per-
sist until the finish, to finish, e. g. I'm sure he'll see
it through without an objection. 2. видеть насквозь,
разобраться not to be deceived by, to understand the
I real nature of. e. g. We couldn't see through the mat-
ter at once. He is a clever crook. You can't see through
him easily.
I ... TO заботиться, присматривать за чём-л. to attend to
smth. e. g. I'll see to it that the work is done in time.
The porter will see to the luggage.
I EXERCISES
1. Read and translate the sentences:
I 1. I know I didn't see it through to the end but it
wasn't sordid.
2. At the station entrance, she spoke, "Don't see me
off. I shall be away a month."
I 174
I
I
I
•^в
3. "I've applied for a transfer," Pyle said. "I thought
you were going to see your time out," he replied.
pendent and take up a profession
5. Do you wish me to see Irene about it?
6. "But doesn't he see through it?" "Even if he does,
7. Why don't you go down with him and have a drink
in the pub to see him off?
8. Do you think I'm going to have a nanny to see to
my child?
9. Mrs Volterra saw through the evasion. "You shouldn't
have told him," she remarked.
10. That last night, the Quaynes, seeing him out had
smiled and said heartily, "Come again." He took it that
people meant what they said.
11. He was too well aware that Sally loathed him. He
had the uncomfortable feeling under her dark eyes, that
Sally saw through him.
12. You should never start on a project unless you are
prepared to see it through.
II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to see with appropriate
particles:
1. With a pang in his heart Jolyon said he himself
would arrange permission for Holly to share June's single
cabin. 2. He must arrange getting in coal for winter.
3. After Jolyon accompanied Soames and Val to the door
he did not return to his painting. He sat pondering over
what Soames had told him. 4. When guests are leaving
a house the host usually accompanies them to the door.
5. Why! Are you really quitting the job? I thought you
would wait till the end of the year. 6. He could not wait
till the end of the film. 7. He tried to get round me but
I discovered his plan and said: "Yes, my dear, it's easy to
swim when mother holds up your head." 8. She promised
to attend to the food for the picnic and asked us to arrange
about the tickets. 9. She was to be responsible that the
amateur concert passed off well. 10. You would be surprised
at the number of schemes which have been started by the
Council and never finished.
175
I I I . Answer these questions:
1. When does a person ask to be seen out?
2. Do you like being seen off by many friends or do you
prefer a quiet departure?
3. What do you feel when you see your work through?
4. When is a person unable to see a performance -out?
5. What would you do if a colleague of yours couldn't see
eye to eye with you in a matter of importance? Would
you try to bring him over to your opinion? Would you
put up with his opposition?
6. Does a teacher see through his students' excuses at once?
7. Do you like to see to everything yourself? Do you man-
age to do so?
I V . Supply the appropriate particles:
1. Stop leading me up the garden path. I can see ...
you and know what you are up to. 2. Don't worry. I'll
see . . . buying you a ticket on this train and my sister
w i l l come down to the station to see you . . . . 3. The show
dragged on. It was already 11 p. m. but it was not drawing
to an end. So we were unable to see it .... 4. It is the
first time that I've been on the premises. Will you see
me ... , please? 5. I'll see ... it that he looks into the
matter carefully. 6. The engine wants seeing ... . It is not
operating properly. 7. The amount of work is enormous and
I don't think that we'll see it ... within the time, allotted
for it.
V. Make up sentences using the following: e
to see about; to see off; to see out (1, 2); to see through
(1, 2), to see to
V I . In what circumstances would you say?
1. I'll see about the matter.
2. We could hardly see the play out.
3. I'll see to it that everything is done well.
4. Will you see me out, please?
5. We are going to see you off.
6. 1 see through your little game.
7. I'm afraid we'll not be able to see this project
through.
176
VII. Make up situations using the following:
a) To be done orally.
1. Getting Ready for a Holiday
to put aside (some money); to be able to run to (a hol-
iday in the Crimea); to see to (the things to be packed);
to come across smb.; to fall in with (about the plans); to
see about (tickets); to get through; to see off
2. Seeing off a Friend
to be in for (rainy days); to put off (doubts); to go down
to the sea-side; to see about; to see to; to see off; to put
down (the address); to be put up at (a hotel); to pull out
b) To be done in writing.
Renting a Room
My friend asked me to see about a room.
I failed to put him up at a hotel.
I had to rent a room.
He could easily see through the landlady.
A week later I saw my friend off.
VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
Breaking with a Friend
to be a crook to get round (people)
to see through to run smb. down
to be put out to put down to
to fall out with to break with
IX. Translate the following sentences:
1. Вы можете меня не провожать. Я уже здесь был
и могу найти выход сам. 2. Оказалось, что мы уже ви-
дели этот фильм, и мы не досидели до конца. 3. Он очень
запутал дело, но я вижу все насквозь. 4. Я думаю, что
Петр позаботится о театральных билетах для гостей,
а Анна — об их размещении. 5. Людям всегда бывает
очень грустно, когда они провожают своих близких. 6. По-
заботьтесь о том, чтобы все данные были готовы сегодня.
7. Зачем он напускает на себя такой вид? Я прекрасно
177
I
^^н

I
понимаю его (вижу его насквозь). 8. Я не думаю, что his wife he had been given the sack. To his amazement,
в таких условиях ему удается довести свою работу до
she beamed with joy, and said: "Now you can write your
конца. book." To his bitter remark, "Yes, and what shall we live

I
on while I am writing it?" the woman showed him a bundle
X. Read and relate the stories: of banknotes.
1. "Where on earth did you get that?"
She answered: "I could always see through you easily

I
Aunt (departing): No, no, don't see me out. Little Jackie
and I have known that you are a man of genius. So I have
will do it.
Jackie: There's no hurry, auntie, daddy has put the seen to it that you can write an immortal masterpiece some
day."
clock a whole hour ahead.
Hawthorne sat down and wrote one of the finest books

I 2. ever written "The Scarlet Letter".

The teacher was telling her class about the discovery
of the law of gravity. She said:

I
"Sir Isaac Newton was sitting on the ground looking
at a tree. An apple fell on his head. Then he watched
another apple fall. Thus he discovered gravitation. Just
think, wasn't that wonderful?"

I
"Yes, m'am, if he had been sitting at school looking
at his books he wouldn't have been able to see the matter
through and he wouldn't*have discovered anything," put in

I
a small boy in the last row.
3.
"You've already had leave, Ferguson, to see your wife

I
off on a journey — for your mother-in-law's funeral—for
your little girl's measles — your boy's christening — what
is it now?"
"I'm going to get married, sir." *

I 4.
— What is the difference between a comedy and a tra-
gedy?

I
— A comedy is a tragedy when nobody can see it out.
6.

I
Hawthorne
The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne not only
owed his success to the daily inspiration of his wife but
also his only opportunity to compose first his mind and

I then his masterpiece. Once a broken-hearted man, he told

178

I
I
I
I
I
SET...
I ABOUT приступать к, начинать to make a start with,
to get down to smth. e. g. There is only one sensible
I
way to set about it. Since the business was doing well
the manager set about looking for new workers.
AGAINST восстанавливать против to oppose smb. to
smb. (smth.) e. g. His behaviour sets everybody against
I
him.
ASIDE не обращать внимания; отвергать to pay no
attention to; to refuse, to annul, e. g. The court set
I
aside the verdict.
BACK отводить (отбрасывать) назад to put back,-to
stop the advance or progress of. e. g. She set back the
I
clock one hour. She had been doing very well in the
hospital until a sudden heart attack set her back again.
IN устанавливаться, наступать to begin, to start and
continue, e. g. Winter has set in, get your skiing out-
I f i t ready.
OFF 1. (= out) отправляться в путь to start on (a joufr-
ney, race, etc.). e. g. They set off early in the morn-
I
ing. 2. оттенять to heighten the qualities by cont-
rast, e. g The black sets off her fair complexion. 3. по-
буждать к чему-л., вызывать на to cause a person to
begin doing smth. e. g. Don't set him off on the sub-
I
ject, or he'll talk you to death.
. ON 1. твердо решить, настроиться на to be determined
to do smth., to have one's mind on smth. (usu. Pas-
I
sive), e. g. He is set on flying as a career. 2. натрав-
ливать, подстрекать; нападать to urge forward, to urge
to attack; to attack, e. g. He set the dog on the boys.
I'll set my husband on him, he'll talk him into doing
I the right thing.
180
I
I
... OUT 1. подробно излагать to state, to make known
in detail, e. g. The document sets out the main prin-
ciples of our policy in the matter. He set out his rea-
sons for doing the thing. 2. (=off) отправляться в путь
to begin a journey, trip, etc. e. g. We set out for home
late in the evening. 3. намереваться to start to do.
e. g. He set out to impress the company w i t h his cle-
verness.
... UP 1. устанавливать, воздвигать to place in position
or on view. e. g. They set up chairs round the arena.
In the middle of the square they set up a big Christmas
tree- 2. создавать, организовывать, устраивать(ся) to
establish or start a thing or person doing smth. e. g.
An office was set up to deal with such affairs. He has
set up as a lawyer. 3. восстанавливать (о здоровье)
to restore to a state of.health and strength, e.g. He
looks run down. I'm sure a change of air will set him
up. I don't think he feels set up as yet.
EXERCISES.
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. "You have quite recovered," I said. "Not quite, but
I was lucky." "The sea voyage should set you up."
2. In London he set up for himself in the export busi-
ness but after some time failed and was made a bankrupt.
3. He set off at top speed down the back drive.
4. All my heart was set on their getting a big score.
5. "Don't set on the man as soon as he gets inside the
door," said my mother.
6. The customers returned to the counter, and a curate
set about removing the traces of blood from the floor.
7. About noon he set out on foot across Richmond
Park.
8. Inside my room the tree I had set up weeks ago for
the New Year had shed most of its yellow blossoms.
9. We were set on aims tha.t contradicted each other;
they could not be reconciled.
10. Cool, lovely gleaming pearls were there set off by
chaste and elegant darkness.
11. "How can they condemn you?" "Very easily. I fail-
ed in what I set out to do."
181
I
I
12. Would you like to go to court and ask to have the
transfer set aside on the grounds that you engineered a trap
for Clarke?
13. Why do you think these two decided to set up on
I
their own?
14. I've found a basement workshop in London and
I'll set up a shop there.
15. I must try and get my garden tidied up before the
I
bad weather sets in.
16. You want some good walks and a little lawn tennis
to set you up.
17. Children were not allowed into the ward, but some-
I
times they would be brought to the door to wave at Gran
and hustled away when they set up a yell to see her lying
there as if she belonged to hospital.
18. "But we did what we set out to do," Erik argued.
I
19. So we set off down the white curving Esplanade,
the quiet sea spreading away to the right of us to a blank
horizon.
I
20. I came here because I thought something was wrong.
I thought you hadn't succeeded in what you set out to do
and were ashamed to come back when you'd failed.
21. "And Abdul," I said suddenly. "What of him?" "Yes,
I
I promised to tell you; Scobie set him up in a barber's
shop, you remember."
22. The book is richly documented and sets out to give
a new generation the heroic story of the people's anti-
I
fascist battles.
23. It was raining when we set out, but after about
half an hour the weather cleared up. * port on current affairs?
I
I I . Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to set with appropriate
particles:
1. The two dogs attacked each other as soon as they
I
met. 2. It was unfair of him to make us attack them while
he himself kept away from the discussion. 3. He decided
to leave Moscow after graduating from the Institute and
I
his decision is irrevocable. 4. I can't make out what you
mean. Will you please state your ideas in plain English once
more? 5. You ought to start a laboratory going where you
can carry on experiments. 6. The Soviet cosmonauts have
I
established records in conquering outer space. 7. You have
182
I
I
just overworked yourself. You need a holiday which will
restore your health. 8. Since the clerk on duty had seen
about his ticket and luggage he started for the station a few
minutes before the train was due. 9. If I were you I wouldn't
put on light clothes until warm weather has kept for a pe-
riod of time. 10. She should wear bottle green. It makes
her hair look its best. 11. He is well up in literature. You
must try and get him to talk on Shakespeare, he'll tell you
many interesting things. 12. I started sorting my impressions
and made notes of the various points that Г thought would
prove useful. 13. The way Sherlock Holmes started the
investigation puzzled everybody. 14. He was everywhere
and always. He seemed to know everything better than
anybody else and meddled in all affairs. It made everybody
feel opposed to him and he became the best hated man in
the ship. 15. To everybody's surprise the verdict was annul i-
ed and John was acquitted. 16. All their efforts to estab-
lish a new laboratory have been put back by red tape.
17. They started off soon after daybreak.
III. Answer these questions:
1. Why do the British put their clocks ahead in spring
and set them back in autumn?
2. In what way can a person set people against him?
3. Suppose that you are going to set about doing a job
but your friends set out their objections to it. Would
you set their objections aside or would you take them
into account?
4. What will you do before you set about preparing a re-
7
5. W hy did Lanny Swartz wish to set up a school for
coloured children?
6. Why is it necessary to set up microphones in big con-
cert halls?
7. Is it always wise to set out all your reasons in an
argument?
8. What does a person need to set himself up?
9. Would it be easy for you to change your opinion if you
set your mind on doing so?
10. Do you remember the winter which set in pretty early?
11. Do you agree with the people who say that winter in
Moscow is likely to set in only by the end of Decem-
ber now?
183
12. Why does a feeling of awkwardness set in after a per- V. Make up sentences using the following:
son finds the skeleton in the cupboard?
13. What colour of dress would you advise a girl to wear to set about; to set against; to set aside; to set back;
to set off her fair complexion? to set in; to set off (2,3); to set on; to set out (1,2); to
14. Do you agree that good education ought to be set off set up (1, 2, 3)
by good breeding?
15. Would you set somebody off on his pet subject if it VI. In what circumstances would you say?
were Greek to you?
16. When would experienced tourists set off on a tramp? 1. He sets everybody against himself.
2. I'm afraid the complication will set back his recov-
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
ery.
3. The joke set him off laughing.
1. After his tongue had run away with him pricks of 4. She is set on becoming a doctor.
conscience set . . . . 2. After a heatwave rain is bound to 5. He has set up as sales director.
set . . . . 3. The school broke up on the 30th of May and the 6. I do feel quite set up.
next day the pupils set ... to the pioneer camp. 4. His 7. Summer has not set in yet.
extreme thinness sets ... his unusually high cheek-bones.
5. Having received the instructions he set ... his work and VII. Make up situations using the following:
presently devised a plan of campaign. 6. I wish he would
keep mum. He'll set many people ... himself if he lets it a) To be done orally.
on. 7. You must work hard to keep up with the group.
They are advancing fast now and slacking will set you . . . 1. Putting a Person down
in no time. 8. The audience insisted that the jury should
set ... their decision and let the girl have another try. to pass oneself off as (a highbrow); to set up (as a
9. "We've got to have some antiaircraft set ... here by chief engineer); to set against; to put smb. down; to be
tomorrow night. And plane protection. As much as you can put out; to set out (one's reasons); to fall in with
spare," he said with anxiety. 10. We hired" a sailing-boat
and set ... for the island. 11. "The farmer is sure to set 2. Having One's Own Way
his dog . . . us this time. He was greatly annoyed by our to set about (a job); to set out (objections); io set
last raid," said one of the boys. 12. I read the prescription. aside; to set against; to be a failure; to get down; to get
It ran: "I Ib. beef-steak every six hours, 1 ten-mile walk over
every morning and 1 bed at 11 sharp every night will set 3. Running into a Friend
you . . . . And don't stuff up your head with things you
don't understand." 13. Jolyon received the telegram just as to be out of touch for a long time; to run into, to be
he was setting ... to meet Irene at the Louvre. 14. When struck by; to set a person off on a subject; to learn; to
he had finished his training he returned to his native town go through a lot of trouble; to feel run down; to suggest;
and set . . . as a jeweller. 15. The United Nations Organi- to set up (about health)
zation was set . . . after World War II to promote peace
and understanding among nations. 16. In the sixteenth cen- 4. Setting about a New Job
tury the first printing press in Moscow was set ... and
the first Russian books were brought out. 17. The details to be given a job; to set about; to put a lot of time
concerning the tasks of the newly-set-up Committee are in; to run smb. down; to feel run down; to be set on
set ... in a special pamphlet. (doing smth.); to set out (one's reasons); to fall in with
184 185
 b) To be done in writing.
Mountaineering Tour
We broke up for the summer holidays in July.
We set off on a mountaineering tour.
When we climbed halfway a strong wind got up.
The stormy weather set back our ascent.
We set out to climb the mountain again.
We wanted to make up for lost time.
всех против него. Мы все обрушились на него. 14. На-
шествие варваров задержало на несколько столетий эконо-
мическое и культурное развитие Италии. 15. Я очень
боюсь, что это осложнение после гриппа может надолго
задержать его выздоровление. 16. Статья показалась ему
слишком длинной и он начал сокращать ее.
X. Read and relate the stories:
1.

V I I I . Make up a dialogue using the following:

— Do you know that I was set on taking iip story-
writing as a career?
Falling behind the Fellow-students — No, I don't. Have you sold anything yet?
to feel better — Yes, my watch, my saxophone and my overcoat.
to get on
to come on (about the exa- to have a complication 2.
minations) to set back (one's recovery)
to come on (with your "Everything contracts or gets smaller in cold weather,"
to feel set up
studies) a schoolboy was explaining to his five-year-old brother.
to keep up with
to fall behind "That's why the days are so short when winter sets In."
to be taken ill
to set about 3.
The Christmas guest was being shown to his bed in
IX. Translate the following sentences:
the haunted room by the host's servant. But for his devo-
1. Он твердо решил заняться медициной, и эта мысль tion the servant's sinister countenance might set anybody
завладела им. 2. В вашем заявлении вы должны изложить against him. At the door of the room the guest paused —•
обстоятельства, при которых это произошло. 3. «Если вы he did not know how to set about inquiring into this ghost
сделаете еще один шаг, я натравлю на вас свою собаку»,— story.
закричала Женя. 4. Каждый год советские спортсмены "B-b-by the way," he said "has anything - e r - u n u s u a l
устанавливают новые рекорды. 5. Вам нужно поехать на ever happened in connection with this room?"
юг и пройти курс лечения. Это восстановит ваше здо- "Not for over f i f t y years, sir," said the servant hol-
ровье. 6. Не давай Анне много денег. Когда она отправ- lowly.
ляется за покупками, она может истратить любую сумму. "And what happened then?" asked the guest, with a sigh
7. Поднимается ветер, нам лучше переночевать в гости- of relief.
нице. А завтра утром можно будет отправиться в путь. "A gentleman who spent the night here appeared at
8. Если ты заведешь с ним разговор о путешествиях, он breakfast the next morning," came the reply.
расскажет тебе много интересного. Он очень много ездил. 4.
9. Пора убирать лыжи и коньки. Начинается весна, через
месяц мы сможем отправиться в туристический поход. — What sort of chap is Jim to camp out with?
10. Меховая отделка прекрасно оттеняет этот цвет. 11. Не — He's one of those fellows who always takes down
имея никакого опыта, он не знал, как приняться за зада- a mandolin about the time it's up to somebody to set up
ние. 12. Его манера держаться в стороне от всех общест- a tent.
венных дел восстановила против него весь наш маленький
коллектив. 13. Его отказ помочь товарищу восстановил
186
I
I
I
STAND...
... ASIDE держаться в стороне, не принимать участия
to keep aside, not to interfere, e. g. I wonder why he
stands aside in our disputes.
... A W A Y стоять, встать на безопасном расстоянии
to move away. e. g. Stand away from the building,
they are clearing the snow off the roof.
... BY 1. поддерживать, помогать to support, to help,
to side with. e. g. I'll stand by you no matter what
happens. 2. выполнять, сдерживать обещание, слово
to adhere to, e. g. I stand by what I've said. 3. сто-
ять в ожидании, быть наготове to remain near, to be
available when wanted, e. g. Come to the airport and
stand by, tickets may turn up.
. . . FOR 1. терпеть, мириться с чём-л. (usu. in negative
sentences) to tolerate, to put up with smth. e. g. I won't
stand for such nonsense from you. 2. представлять,
означать to represent, to mean smth. e. g. BBC
stands for British Broadcasting Corporation. 3. высту-
пать кандидатом от to be a candidate for. e. g.^He
stands for this constituency.
. . . IN FOR заменять кого-л. на непродолжительное время
to replace smb. for a short period of time. e. g. I'll be
standing in for you and you may go and have a cup
of tea.
... O U T - l . (for) постоянно, настойчиво выступать за
to support persistently, e. g. He stands out for changes
in the system. 5. (from) выделяться, блистать to be
excellent, conspicuous or prominent, e. g. The book
stands out from all the others on the subject. His
knowledge stands out. 3. (against) выделяться, высту-
пать на фоне чего-л. to be distinctly outlined, e. g.
ТЯ8
л
The tower stood out against the blue sky. 4. не сда-
ваться, держаться, выступать против (against) [о re-
main f i r m , to refuse to yield, г g. He stood out aga-
inst the hardships of life. He stood out against the
plan.
. . . OVER подождать с решением, отложить to be post-
poned, to be put off. e. g. The matter w i l l have to
stand over until we are through with the work.
. . . UP TO столкнуться с трудностями и выстоять, выдер-
жать to meet bravely, to face boldly, to resist, e. g.
He had to stand up to a lot when he was p r o v i n g his
innocence. This type of cover w i l l stand up to any-
thing.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences:
1. Why, I don't even know what the letters st«m.l for.
2. And yet his work stands out from the ruck of the
contemporary versifiers as a balas ruby among carrots.
3. Very rarely — but they stood out stark against his
blazing hopes — George had moments of foresight.
4. The name stood out in the dim light, like no oilier
name.
5. I've got rather a ticklish job for him to do and
I want you to stand by.
6. ABC stands for American Broadcasting Corporation.
7. Mind you stand by and don't let me be b u i i i e d .
8. God only knows why Donald stands for the s t u f f
that dame hands out.
9. Young Val smiled. Beyond that he did not g o - - n o t
yet convinced. The Forsyte in him stood out for greater
certainty.
10. Remember, Velma, I'm counting on you to stand by.
11. I won't do anything where I have to stand by and
watch other people eat.
12. Certain nights stand out now from the endless suc-
cession that rolled by u n t i l I began to forget what it was
like to work in the daytime.
13. I believe she wanted me, don't you see, to stand
by her.
189
I 14. "I won't stand for any more," said Sam. "You're I I I , Answer these questions:

I turning the boy into a sissy."

15. It's not for my sake you're doing this! You're not
sacrificing yourself for me! I couldn't stand for that, you
1. When are people asked to stand away?
2. Is it reasonable to stand aside in your friends' quarrels?
Why?

I
know. 3. When do people prefer to stand aside in a dispute?
16. With obsessed firmness he had stood out against
Anna's objections. 4. On what occasions would you stand by your friend in
17. "Some visitors for you," he said standing aside to a dispute?
5. Who will always stand by you in times of trouble?

I
let the Bishop and his priests pass in.
18. I suppose Mr Harper can stand in for you while 6. When are you requested by a booking-office clerk to come
to the airport and stand by?
you have a cup of coffee.
19. She stood aside to let them pass and caught a 7. What makes a book (play, performance, actor) stand
out from the others?

I glimpse of a white face.

II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to Stand with appro-
8. Would you let an urgent question stand over? Why not?
9. Can any person stand up to hardships?
10. What kind of vehicle can stand up to bad road con-

I priate particles: ditions?

11. Is it sufficient just to come out with constructive sug-
1. It is unquestionable that his Englishes beyond praise, gestions? What is required to put them into life?
he always keeps up with everything new in the language. 12. Who stood for your constituency at the last election?

I 2. The monument put up to the cosmonauts shows up

clearly against the sky. 3. Once he has made up his mind
there is no moving him: he refuses to yield to all persua-
sion, arguments, threats or abuse. 4. He always speaks in
13. What do the letters UNO stand for?
14. What does D stand for in the Roman numerals?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:

I favour of an amicable settlement of controversial points.

5. The report he was writing will have to be postponed
until he's well enough to go on with it. 6. I'm afraid that
1. If you are unpunctual in your work, you won't keep
it for very long. The authorities won't stand . . . it. 2. I've
no objection to your having an hour off to go shopping,
if you can get anyone to stand you. 3. He is a

I
her health will not resist this damp climate. 7. He wanted
to get up a party to mark the event but his wife would
not tolerate the idea. She said she hated fussing over*the
matter. 8. It is most confusing when the same letters may
sticker, he'd stand his ideas through anything.
4. The girl is a greenhorn, but she puts her heart into the
job and you must stand . . . her in case of trouble. 5. He
seems aloof but I don't think he'll stand . . . when it comes

I represent different things. 9. I wonder how the man dares

to put himself forward as a candidate for the post. 10. "You
should move away," he said. "Cars always go this way."
11. The proverb "He who is afraid of doing too much al-
to running down his work. 6. The man is being put to a
test so all you'll have to do is to stand . . . and see how he
gets through with it. 7. The firemen requested the onlookers

I ways does too little" can be easily applied to him — he to stand . . . . 8. The cosmonauts say that in space they
never takes part in all our undertakings. 12. They promised were struck by the beauty of the bright untwinkling stars
that a car would be nearby to take up those who wished standing the violet merging into a pitch-dark sky.
to go to the top of the hill. 13. He has supported you 9. She stood the crowd because of her height and

I through thick and thin and he isn't the one to boast of

his devotion — big words seldom go with good deeds. 14. The
symbol "x" usually represents the unknown quantity in
her flaming red hair. 10. As the years passed only two or
three faces stood ... distinctly in his mind. The rest became
a blur. 11. He stood innovations in the British
educational system. 12. This type of building will stand . . .

I
mathematics.
190 191

I
J
I
I
.. . an earthquake very well. 13. You'll have to stand . . . V I I I . Make up a d i a l o g u e using the f o l l o w i n g :
. . . a lot of suspicion and mistrust but what you do speaks
Standing by a Friend
louder than what you say. 14. The decision w i l l have to
stand . . . . They'd like to go through the data again. to come out with a statement to give up

I
to f a l l out with to set a g a i i h i
V. Make up sentences using the following: to stand by to stand up tu
to stand away; to stand by (1, 2, 3); to stand for (1, 2, 3); to bring over to stand out t, г

I
to stand out (1, 2, 3, 4); to stand over; to stand up to
VI. In what circumstances would you say?
1. Whatever happens I'll stand by you.
IX. Translate the f o l l o w i n g sentences:
1. Этот мальчик выделяется среди других де';с-п: он
очень серьезный и любознательный. 2. Он всегда высту-
пает за справедливость. 3. У нас на обсуждении есть два

I
J2. Stand by, you may be wanted.
3. I won't stand ior his insults. вопроса, которые нельзя откладывать. 4. Я, п о ж а л у й ,
4. This poet stands out from all the others. возьму свой старый плащ на рыбалку. Он все выдержит.
5. Я не могу понять, что означает это сокращение. 6. Я
5. He stood out against our project.

I
уверена, что ваш преподаватель не потерпит такого отно-
6. This matter can't stand over
7. She will stand up to anything to save her child. шения к работе. 7. Никто не думал, что он выставит
свою кандидатуру от округа. 8. Ему лучше снять свою
VII. Make up situations using the f o l l o w i n g : кандидатуру. У него почти нет шансов получить эту

I
должность. 9. Я считаю, что нечестно с вашей стороны
a) To be done orally. уклоняться от обсуждения этого вопроса. 10. Что бы ни
1. Phoning the Booking-office случилось, я поддержу вас, настаивайте на своем вари-
анте. 11. Скажите им, что паром будет наготове, они

I
to phone; to put through; to hold on; to sell out; to могут придти в любой момент.
come over; to stand by; to be lucky
X. Read and relate the stories:
2. Pulling through

I
to run into (trouble); to stand up to a lot; to prove;
to stand for; to be set on; to set out (points); to bring
over; to stand by
1.
— What in the world shall I do with the baby, H a i r y ?
She's crying for the moon.
— That's nothing, It's curious to say she doesn't stand

I
3. Skiing down a Slope out from the rest. W a i t till she's eighteen and she'll want
to ski down a slope; a terrific speed; to request smb.; the earth.
to stand away; to run into (a tree); to get badly injured; 2.
to stand up to; to pull through

I
The professor was delivering the final lecture of the
. b) To be done in writing. term. He dwelt with much emphasis on the fact that each
Getting over Difficulties student should devote the intervening time preparing for
the final examinations.

I
Their son was set on flying. His parents tried to talk "You ought to be ready to stand_urj to a lot of work.
him out of it. The examination papers are now in the hands of the p r i n t -
The boy's idea ran away with him. er. Are there any questions to be asked?"
He stood up to a lot of trouble. Silence prevailed. Suddenly a voice from the rear in-

I
He stood out from the other flyers. quired: "Who is the printer?"
192 7 7-513 C., ...;. r' *'- v. V '.. /493,.

I
 3.
Insulted
"What do you mean," roared the politician, "by publicly
insulting me in your paper? I w i l l not stand for it, and
I demand an immediate apology."
"Just a moment," answered the editor. "Didn't the news
item appear exactly, that you had resigned as city treasurer?"
"It did, but where did you put it? —in the column
under the heading 'Public improvements'."
XI. Describe the pictures using the words given under them:
Miracles of Modern Make-up.
to look through; to be put out; to set about; to see
to; to put on; to go out; to stand out from; to fall for
T A K E ...
... AFTER пойти в кого-л., быть похожим на to resemble.
e.'g.'l take after my father.
... DOWN 1. записывать (поддиктовку); стенографировать
to put down, to write down from dictation, e. g. W i l l you
wait a moment? I ' l l get a pen and take down your
message. 2. ставить на свое место, сбивать спесь to
lower the pride of, to put down. e. g. I t ' l l do him
good to be taken down a peg or two, he is cock-sure
of himself.
... FOR принимать з'а кого-л. to mistake smb. for smb.
else. e. g. You've changed so much, I took you
for your sister when I saw you the other day.
He takes me for a greenhorn.
... IN 1. давать приют, брать жильцов to receive smb.,
to give hospitality or shelter, e. g. She does not take
in lodgers now. 2. брать работу на дом to receive
work to be done at home. e. g. She takes in a lot of
sewing. 3. получать газеты (журналы) по подписке
to subscribe to and receive regularly, e. g. What news-
papers do you take in? 4. ушивать (одежду) to make
smaller in size. e. g. I'll take the dress in for you.
5. понять, осознать полностью to understand, to be-
come f u l l y aware of. e. g. Sorry, I can't take in the
problem at once. I must consider it. 6. обмануть, про-
вести to deceive (usu. Passive), e. g. I was quite
taken in by his words.
k ., OFF 1. устранять, удалять (запах, пятна) to remove.
e. g. He could riot take the paint off the cloth.
2. взлететь, подняться (о самолете) to begin a journey by
air, e. g. The plane takes off at 9 sharp. 3. подражать,
передразнивать to mimic, to imitate and ridicule, e. g.
He was punished for taking off his teacher. 4. снимать
одежду to remove clothes
7* 195
I
I ON 1. принимать или поступать на работу to engage, to
hire. e. g. Many people are likely to be taken on this
... UP W I T H быть довольным, удовлетворенным i - . - i w - л . ,
чём-л. (usu. Passive), to be pleased with smb., .-rnilh.,

I
month. 2. принимать на себя (обязанности, ответ- to be charmed by smb., smth. e. g. She was taken
ственность) to undertake, to promise to do. e. g. Don't up with the delicate-looking but strong-willed girl.
take on too much. He took on a new job. 3. иметь
успех, становиться популярным to be approved of,

I
to become popular, e. g. Such fashions do not take EXERCISES
on here.
I. Read and translate the sentences:
OUT пригласить, повести (в кино, театр и т. д.) to
1. Take off your shoes and walk around in 'the water.

I
take to the cinema, the theatre, etc. e. g. He takes
2. My father took to any routine with his h a b i t u a l
his family out in the car every week-end.
mild cheerfulness.
OVER принимать дела, замещать (в должности, ра- 3. He knew that he should have gone through the whole
боте и т. д.) to succeed to; to assume control of a plan before they took off, because Davy would nevoi hear

I
business, management, duties, etc. e. g. After the ma- him properly in the air.
nager has retired John is likely to take over. He took 4. My father took to him a lot the only time the,y met.
the job over from his uncle. 5. One is not jealous of the dead, and it seeme.i easy

I
to me that morning to take up our old life together.
TO 1. привыкнуть, пристраститься, приобрести склон-
6. It's because we're short of staff. Nobody'11 iaUc on
ность к чему-л. to develop a habit, to show a liking
for. e. g. They've taken to skating together. 2. полю- a job like this.
7. If he takes after his father I don't know ,.nat I
бить, почувствовать симпатию, привязаться to form

I
a liking for. e. g. The boy took to the new teacher shall do.
8. His big dresser took up nearly one whole side ,,i the
at once.
room.
UP 1. взять (для какой-л. цели) to take smth. for 9. Fair-haired Alexei Leonov comes from the A i i a i in

I
some purpose, e. g. Children, take up your books and
start reading. 2. занимать (место), отнимать (время)
to occupy, e. g. I'm afraid I've taken up too much of
your time. This table takes up very much room'here.
Siberia, and he took up flying in 1953.
10. The new Town Land Commission will talc over
only the larger building sites.
11. "When can you take up your duties, Doctor Man-

I
3. браться за что-л., избрать профессией to give one's
attention to; to engage in a profession, pursuit, hobby,
etc. e. g. He took up photography when he was quite
young. She intends to take up medicine after school.
son?" he asked.
12. Good heavens, what d'you take me for, Mrs \Varbeck?
13. He was taken up with Sheila's dress.
14. She loved being given a treat, being taken out.

I 4. продолжить, подхватить to continue, to pursue

further, e. g. As soon as he stopped singing they took
the song up. 5. поднимать вопрос, заниматься чём-л.
15. Yes, I'm quite taken up with the crockery,
16. George took up the argument with both of us,
17. The strike started when the company which took

I
to raise a point, to show interest in smth., e. g. We'll
take up this matter tomorrow. 6. прерывать; попра-
вить, «одернуть» to interrupt or correct. (a speak-
er), e. g. He was taken up on two points. 7. присту-
over the factory attempted to introduce a speed-up without
negotiation.
18. I'm very annoyed with myself for being so easily
taken in.

I
пать к исполнению служебных обязанностей to start 19. She never said where she came from. She just
work, to go on duty. e. g. I am going to take up drifted in here one day looking for a job and Benny took
tomorrow. her on.

I
196 197

I
I 20. He finally decided not to take up Latin. he was taken up, played up, played about with, taken

I 21. A man can always work these things, if he'll take

it on himself.
22. The Collector took in the situation at a glance.
23. If we cross him off the inventory before Pedder
down, let down, finally sent down for one idiotic act.

II. Replace the italicized phrases by the verb to take wiln appropriate

I
takes over he'll never be missed.
24. What's wrong with you — wandering about like a
knotless thread? Take up your sewing.
25. My mother scolded him all the morning complaining
particles:
1. I don't think I could ever get to like what is called
abstract art. 2. You must get rid of this large sideboard;
it occupies too much room. 3. I never expected her to have

I because she had to take in washing and ironing and because

he seldom ever earned money.
26. I'll not take up space here by going into details
a liking for English. She was heavily handicapped at first.
But now I see she takes to English as a duck takes to water.
4. She had a passion for gardening. It is her pastime now.

I
of how this was accomplished.
27. Let's take down the data.
28. I took up his objections one by one.
29. And if the paper cannot be taken in it can be sold
5. I got to like him at first sight. 6. A l l the time of the
lesson was filled up with the discussion of three questions.
7. When he left the Institute he adopted journalism as a
profession. 8. This question can't stand over. It should be

I outside.
30. In the last six months we have seen the Party in-
creasingly taking up the struggle.
raised at the next meeting. 9. When the subject was thrown
open for discussion the speaker was challenged on several
points he had made. 10. The teacher broke off the story
and got one of the students to continue it. 11. I think she

I 31. In the second act his voice took on a breadth of

eloquence I have seldom heard before.
32. Stephen submissively walks to the settee and sits
down. He takes up "The Speaker".
has undertaken more than she can manage. 12. We were
quite fascinated by a wonderful view of the sea that opened
in front of us. 13. I was sure the tune would be popular.
It is one of the top ten now. 14. I don't think he'll

I 33. I saw him in a glance take in his nephew whom he

saw today for the first time.
34. Then leaning forward he began to scribble taking
up a pencil and pad which were on the table.
undertake any more work. He is awfully busy at the mom-
ent. 15. They are sure to engage him. He is a keen and
conscientious worker. 16. The flight has been rerouted and
the plane now starts off from Sverdlovsk. 17. "Get your

I 35. Well, there's a fellow I know who's a critic. He

took me out to dinner the other night.
36. "I'd better have a look at Evie's book," he safd to
clothes off and bask in the sunshine," the mother said.
18. He has been on the staff long enough to succeed to
the job. 19. He can mimic any actor. He's been doing it

I
himself. He took it up with a smile.
37. Nonsense! you are much too young to begin match-
making: you would be taken in by some pretty little no-
body.
so long, it's second nature to him now. 20. He invites her
to places nearly every evening. 21. My grandfather is ter-
ribly forgetful and I resemble him, I often forget to do my
homework. 22. Will you read out the names and I ' l l write

I 38. He used to laugh awfully about their gardens and

about being taken up with the parson's wife.
39. Everyone of my frocks must be taken in —it's
such a skeleton I'm growing.
them down? 23. His cock-sureness drives us mad. He wants
to be put in his place. Delay of justice is injustice. 24. I
think the girl wants running down. She doesn't realize the
eternal truth "Experience is the best of school-masters."

I 40. Joe will be sure to leave Emily in the crowd, he

will be so taken up with Miss Sharp.
41. He had been the brilliant child of an obscure home,
and came up to Oxford ready to have his head turned. There
25. The stranger was believed to be an inspector and every-
thing got confused. 26. It's hard to believe that this famous
actress had once to do the sewing at home to make both
ends meet. 27. The old man read the telegram over and

I 198 199

I
1
over and could not understand the meaning of it. The words
stood meaningless. 28. Don't you try this game on me, you
won't deceive me. 29. When our car broke down I knocked
on the door of the nearest house. The owner very k i n d l y
received us as lodgers and put us up for the night. 30. I receive
more newspapers and magazines than I can read. 31. "You
needn't worry," she said, "the skirt and the blouse would
only need tightening an inch and a half. I ' l l be ready in
no time."
I I I . Answer these questions:
1. Whom do you take after in your f a m i l y ?
2. What would you do not to forget what you are told?
3. Why do you think a person who is always trying to
take other people down gets himself disliked?
4. Have you ever been taken for anyone but yourself?
5. When is a person unable to take in what he is being
told?
6. Can you take on the job of a school headmaster right
after graduation? W h y not?
7. What newspapers and magazines do you take in?
8. What would you do if your coat were too loose on you?
9. Have you ever been taken in by fine words?
10. What kind of people do you take to at first sight?
11. Is it easy to give up smoking once you've taken to it?
12. What kind of song would take on?
13. Do your hobbies take up a lot of your time? Can you
afford this luxury?
14. What sports would you like to take up?
15. Why have you taken up the study of English? *
16. Do you like to take up the work other people have
been doing or do you prefer starting from scratch?
17. What kind of point would you take up in a discussion?
18. How would you act if you were to take on a job not
quite to your liking?
19. Would you take on a job if you felt you weren't quite
up to it?
20. Are school-leavers taken on as workers (office-work-
ers, etc.)?
21. Are people requested to take off their coats at the ci-
nema (at the theatre, in restaurant)?
22. Higgins was struck at Eliza's a b i l i t y to take off his
manner of speaking, wasn't he? That's the main reason
200
why he took on the job to teach her p e r f e c t English
pronunciation, isn't it?
23. Are children easily taken up w i t h a young t acher?
24. Can most of the planes take o f f in any w e a t h e r ?
25. Do you u s u a l l y take your f a m i l y out on Sundays?
26. W h y do audiences take to Arkady R a y k i n ? \v here does
his secret success l i e ?
I V . Supply the appropriate particles:
1. I believe you'll be taken . .. immediately because
they are in urgent need of hands. 2. You s h o u l d never
take . . . more than you can do. 3. If this idea hikes . . .
we can achieve a great deal. 4. W i l l you please take . ..
the lid or the soup w i l l boil over? 5. He сан a r t f u l l y
take . . . a number of well-known actors. 6. The plane
took . .. from Sheremetievo at 8. 30 and touched down in
London at 12. 7. A l i t t l e vinegar w i l l take . . . the oily
taste. 8. You've a c t u a l l y become a stay-at-home but yet
you should be taken . . . once in a while. 9. You с sn drive
for the first half of the journey and then I ' l l t a k e . . . .
10. The new director takes . . . next week. 11. She took ...
the sewing and went out into the garden. 12. Do you know
who is taking . . . your job when you are on h o l i d a y ?
13. She takes people . . . for bed and breakfast. You have
to dine out. 14. The suit looks excellent on you. If you
take . . . an inch at the waist i t ' l l be a perfect f i t . 15. It's
long since I've given up taking . .. the magazine. It's no good
now. 16. Men often claim that their children take . . . them
in good points and . . . their wives in bad ones. 17. Don't
bother to hand in your account. The short hand t y p i s t has
taken everything . . . . 18. I am sick of the f r i l l s the man
puts on. I am going to take him . . . a peg one day.
19. It's sheer impertinence to come to me for h e l p a f t e r
he's done me out of so much. W h a t does the man take
rne . . . ? 20. If you don't look out y o u ' l l be taken . . . by
these imposters. 21. The news is so overwhelming, I can't
take it . . . at once. 22. Apart from his main job he
takes . . . a lot of translations. How he gets through a l l his
money so quickly is beyond me. 23. Like many Giber writ-
ers he took . . . getting up early and working b e f o r e break-
fast. "It's the early bird that catches the worm" lie used
to say. 24. Fond Mother: Yes, Genevieve took . . „ Algebra
201
I
^^^•м

I and 'French the moment she began learning them. Say 2. At an Office
"Good morning" to Mrs Jones in Algebra, my dearie. to retire; to take over; to put on airs; to run smb. down;
25. "Why did you take . . . calling your w i f e 'Honey', Mr to set against; to take down

I
Brown?" "Well, honey has always disagreed with me."
26. Husband: You've taken . . . quite enough of my time.
What do you mean keeping me standing around like a
fool? Wife: I can't help the way you stand. 27. He intro-
3. Playing a Joke
to take off (people); to take advantage of; to pass oif as;
to be taken in; to set smb. off laughing

I
duced me to his mother but I didn't take . . . her at
a l l . 28. He went to sea and took .. . the l i f e like a duck b) To be done in writing.
to water. 29. Gardening takes . . . most of the time of
pensioners. 30. After Irene left Soames she was compelled Bringing up a Child

I
to take . . . the teaching of piano playing. 31. To every- She adopted a child.
body's great surprise he gave up his job and took . .. paint- She took in sewing and washing.
ing professionally. 32. The plane was taking . .. when he They took to each other very much.
got to the airport. 33. There was a f l a m in his argument He took up medicine.

I
and I took it . . . at once. 34. Before we pass on to another He was very thankful to her.
problem I'd like to take . . . the matter of his conduct at
the last meeting. 35. It became known that Jolyon was VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
quite taken Irene.

I
Taking on a New Job
V. Make up sentences using the following.
to be taken on not to put up with
to take after; to take down (1, 2); to take in (1, 2, 3); to be put out to set out

I
to take off (2, 3); to take on (1, 2); to take over; to take to come out well to take up (some matter)
to (1, 2); to take up (1, 2, 3, 4); to take up with to take up (a lot of time) to stand by
VI. In what circumstances would you say? IX. Translate the following sentences:

I
1. She has taken after her mother, I believe. 1. Дети ее сразу полюбили, у нее есть подход к ним.
2. He should be taken down.
2. Еще в детстве он пристрастился к чтению. 3. Если мы
3. She is not so easily taken in, I think. подойдем к этому вопросу по-деловому, то обсуждение не
4. I am afraid he didn't take in the situation at once. займет много времени. 4. Мой отец начал заниматься

I
5. He's taken to gardening now.
спортом, когда ему было уже за 40. 5. Мы займемся этими
6. He is likely to take over when you are away. словами на следующем уроке, б. В своем выступлении вы
7. Her son intends to take up engineering, doesn't he?
8. The song was taken up at once. заняли неправильную позицию, и мне хотелось бы воз-

I
разить вам по некоторым вопросам. 7. Этот танец очень
9. We were all taken up with the actor. популярен сейчас. 8. Я начну рассказ, а вы продолжите
VIII. Make up situations using the following: его. 9. Он приступает к работе завтра. 10. Вам придется
взять на себя эти обязанности до тех пор, пока Иванов

I
a) To be done orally.
не заменит вас. 11. Посмотрите, пожалуйста, когда вы-
1. Taking to Painting летает самолет. 12. Тебе нужно повысить квалификацию,
to take to (painting); to take up (much of his time); если ты хочешь, чтобы тебя приняли в это учреждение.
to be set on; to run into (an artist); to be cut out for (an 13. Невежливо передразнивать людей. 14. Александр пре-

1 artist): to be taken up with (pictures) красно имитирует артиста Н. Если бы я не смотрела на

202 203

I L
I
него, я приняла бы его за Н. 15. Пора снимать теплую
одежду. Погода, по-видимому, установилась. 16. 1\ сожа-
лению, я не могу никуда с тобой пойти в эту субботу.
17. В воскресенье я поведу детей в зоопарк. 18. Не будь
таким самоуверенным. Тебя могут поставить на место.
19. Что касается его мягкосердечия, то это он унаследо-
вал от отца. 20. Насколько мне известно, его выступление
застенографировано, и вы можете легко его достать.
21. В темноте полицейские приняли шпика за студента,
которого они должны были арестовать, и набросились на
него. 22. С него стоит немного сбить спесь, он слишком
самоуверен. 23. Известие было настолько ужасным, что
он не мог до конца осознать его. 24. Ее нелегко обмануть.
Она хорошо знает, с кем имеет дело. 25. Ты сможешь
сама ушить платье или отнесешь его портнихе? 26. Сколько
газет и журналов вы получаете? 27. Я надеюсь, что кто-
нибудь сдаст нам комнату, и мы проведем неделю у моря.
23. Он испытывал удовлетворение от результатов экспе-
римента.
X. Read and relate the stories:
Counsel: Is it true that your wife was, at one time,
thinking of taking up the law before she married you?
Henpecked One: Yes, but now she is satisfied to lay it
down.
2.
"Miss Jones," said the employer, "I may say that you're
a very attractive girl." * "So your wife takes in washing?" the County judge ask-
"Really!" said the typist, blushing.
"You dress well and your voice is well modulated. Your
manners are also beyond reproach."
"You really mustn't pay me so many compliments," she
protested.
"Oh, that's all right! I only wanted to put you in a
cheerful frame of mind before taking up the matter of
punctuation and spelling."
3.
Niece (to Uncle who has suggested a theatre): Thanks
awfully. Uncle, but one of my friends is picking me up
here to go and dance somewhere.
204
Uncle: Dear me — one of your friends? In my young
days a young lady was only taken out by the young man
to whom she was affianced.
Niece: That's all right, Uncle. He is one of my fiances.
4.
— Just fancy, my wife even takes my shoes off w i t h her
own hands.
— When you come in at night?
— No, when I want to go out.
5.
Friend (to a young wife contemplating divorce): Remem-
ber, dear, you took your husband for better or for worse.
Young wife: But I took him for a good man, didn't I?
6.
Tommy had been playing with his sister in the garden,
and their screams had attracted their mother.
"What are you doing children?" she asked.
"We are playing. I'm just taking off Indians — scalping
Betty," replied Tommy.
"You're doing what?"
"Oh, I'm not really scalping her properly — just t a k i n g
her hair off with the shears."
7.
Domestic Corporation
ed a man who was run in for vagrancy. "What do you do?"
"Well, Judge," explained the accused, "I take in the
washing, the old woman does the washing, I take the wash-
ing back, the old woman collects the money and I talk
her out of most of it."
I
I титься to face in a hostile manner, to attack, e. g.
I ...
I
T U R N ...
A W A Y 1. отказаться принять; прогнать to refuse to admit
e. g. The manager turned away all the applicants. The
I
doorkeepers turned away anybody who hadn't got a
ticket. 2. (from) отклоняться, отворачиваться to turn
in a different direction, to move away from smb. or
I
smth. e. g. He set his mind on the work and never
turned away from it.
DOWN 1. убавить (свет, газ, звук и т. д.) to reduce
(the flame, sound, etc. e. g. Will you turn the tape
I
recorder down? The children are asleep. 2. перевернуть
вверх дном, опрокинуть to place smth. face downward.
e. g. Turn down the glasses to let the water run o f f .
3. загнуть, подвернуть to fold down. e. g. Don't turn
I down the pages when you are reading. 4. отвергнуть,
отказать, to refuse to consider, e. g. His application
was turned down. We have turned down your plan.
I
FROM . . . TO перемениться to change from smth. to
smth. e. g. I think the weather may turn from fine
to thundery.
I
IN ложиться спать to go to bed. e. g. I think I'll
turn in early today.
INTO превращать(ся) во что-л. (кого-л.) to become,
to change into. e. g. He will turn into an excellent
I
painter with time. Look, they've turned the boat into
a floating home.
OFF закрывать (воду), выключать (свет) to stop or
I
check the flow or activity by means of a tap, a switch
etc. e. g. Turn off the water at the main, to stop the
leakage.
ON 1. открывать (кран), включать (свет) to allow to flow,
I to operate by turning a tap, a switch, etc. e. g. Will
you turn on the radio, please? 2. накинуться, напус-
206
I
I didn't expect him to turn on me like that after what
we had gone through together.
OUT 1. выпроводить, выгнать to expel, to put out.
e. g. Many people were turned eut for delay in paying
the rents. She turned out the children for a walk.
2. вывертывать (карман); просматривать, разбирать,
проводить уборку to empty; to expose to view in
order to search, to examine smth, e. g. I had to turn
out my pockets to find the ticket. I turn out my bag
once every fortnight. 3. выпускать (продукцию); гото-
вить специалистов to produce smth.; to train smb.
e. g. The factory turns out an increasing number of
cars. Our institutes turn out tens of thousands of en-
gineers every year. 4. оказываться to prove to be. e. g.
How did the new car you bought turn out? Everything
turned out well finally.
... OVER 1. перевертывать(ся) to change position by roll-
ing or turning, e. g. Will you turn over the music for me,
please? He turned over in bed the whole night. 2. обду-
мывать всесторонне to think about, e. g. I keep turn-
ing things over (in my mind).
... TO обращаться (за помощью, советом) к кому-л. to go
or apply to smb. e. g. He had no one to turn to
when he got into trouble.
... UP 1. неожиданно появляться, оказаться, найтись to ap-
pear, to arrive, to be found by chance, e. g. He turn-
ed up with a friend of his. The book turned up in one
of the boxes. 2. поднимать вверх, отворачивать to
fold, to unfold upwards, e. g. He turned his coat-collar
up to keep the rain out.
EXERCISES
I. Read and translate the sentences.
1. Yet turning over on to the other side praying for
sleep, I hoped for a word that would put it right.
2. "I'm sorry you heard that," he said. "You can see
why one has to turn away so many pupils?"
3. Martha had turned the place into a boarding house
in order to raise money to meet the taxes.
207
 4. When the Chief Librarian retired his d e p u t y expected
to get the post, but he was turned down in f a v o u r of some-
one from outside.
5. He was always h a v i n g to turn the tenants out, I
remember.
6. Then one morning, turning out a pocket I came
across a slip of paper from the bank recording the transac-
tion with the five pound note.
7. I was a record always turned on for the benefit of
newcomers.
8. She was a singularly muddle-headed woman and
how she managed to turn out coherent stories was beyond
him.
9. The new style in women's shoes did not take on,
despite all attempts to popularize it.
10. Mr Hynes took off his hat, shook it and then turned
down the collar of his coat.
11. "Why not?" Erik turned to him. "I'd like to know:
w h y not?"
12. Evidence turned up later, which proved that he was
innocent.
13. What man would have turned his own child out,
like a dog, on such a night?
14. He turned it over in his mind and considered.
15. I'll just put things straight in the dining-room, and
then I'll turn in.
16. The Commandant must have turned the radio off
and sat quietly.
17. Since lunchtime I've been turning out the rooms
upstairs.
18. She turned on Arthur: "You bastard. You dirty
bastard."
19. If he didn't buy a farm it couldn't turn out badly.
20. The corners of the small mouth turned down and it
gave him an expression of agonized bewilderment.
21. Since being demobbed I've worked in a factory
turning out doors and window frames.
22. "He's all right," said Dartie. "Ten to one if he wasn't
tight." George turned on him, looking really formidable,
with a sort of savage gloom on his big face.
23. As for Thomas, the longer he lived, the less he
cared for the world. He turned his face away from it.
24. She did not answer and he turned away, for he saw
208
coming towards them two persons, a man and his \vi)\:, ' . h o
had been fellow-passengers from Singapore.
25. She looked q u i c k l y over at him, coming to her l o o t ,
turning away already.
26. And while I was turning this over in my mi< ; a an
army major in my carriage suddenly sighed and said: ''My
word, I wish I was back in Hong Kong."
II. Replace the i t a l i c i z e d phrases by the verb to turn v v i i i i a^.«o-
priate particles:
1. Nothing delighted the small child more than to ,i^r
her mother's handbag of its contents. 2. When she \vaj
looking for the letter she had to take everything out oj the
drawer. 3. This institute has prepared a number of \ . c i l -
known scholars. 4. Despite an unpromising start the Jay
proved to be fine. 5. He was set on turning over a u,v/
leaf and all night long he thought what he was to do llr^.,
6. He assured me that I could always apply to him il I
ever needed financial help. 7. Don't hesitate to apply ; .:>
me if you are in a d i f f i c u l t y . 8. I forget his telephca-j
number but I believe it can easily be found in a director у .
9. Don't waste time looking for the pen. It w i l l be foi:^:l.
10. You must go to sleep early tonight. We are setting о if
before dawn tomorrow. 11. She has a most unpredictable
disposition. She would change from smiles to anger before
you can say Jack Robinson. 12. She used to be a sweet
helpless creature. To become a career woman is the last
thing I could have expected of her. 13. Have you plugged
* the taperecorder in? Now switch it on and let it warm up.
14. A group of gangsters attacked the train and ordered
the passengers out on the field. 15. The inspector threatened
to cut off gas if they were behind in paying the bills. 16. He
went out of his way to please you, it was unfair to come
down on him with rebukes. 17. This little closet can be
changed into a bathroom if you put in a bath and a gas
heater. 18. "Mary refused to dance with me when I asked
her for another dance." "Well, she knows her corns." 19. The
doorkeepers refused admittance to anybody who hadn't got
a ticket. 20. Nothing will ever make him change his purpose.
21. Crowds were refused admittance to the Art Theatre
performances in the USA as the house was always packed
up. 22. Big-Game Hunter: Once while I was having a meal
209
1
I-
in the jungle a lion came so close to me that I could feel
his breath through my turned up collar. What did I do?
Bored Listener: Folded down your collar to feel it better.
23. Wife (trying on hats): Do you like this with the brims
down, dear? Husband: How much is it? Wife: Eleven dol-
lars. Husband: Then reject it. 24. Her legal adviser: Madam,
you have had three husbands, and every one of them either
went crazy or proved to be worthless. Yet you are thinking
of marrying again. Fair Client: Yes, sir. I want a safe and
sane fourth. 25. The soup is boiling over. Will you reduce
the gas, please? 26. He lay awake thinking about the plan
they were going to come out with. 27. "Do not forget to
fold upwards your cuffs," the mother said to her son.
III. Answer these questions.
1. What do you think of high officials who often turn away
applicants?
2. Do you find it interesting to listen to a person who
turns away from the subject too often?
3. Are you in the habit of turning down pages when you
read a book?
4. What would you feel like if your suggestions were
turned down? What would you do in this case?
5. Is it wise to make snap decisions? What may turn out
afterwards?
6. Why do you have to turn food over while frying it?
7. What do you sometimes have to do to find a little
object lost? ' complete his daily stint. 19. When his alarm went off he
8. Would you turn to the person who has let you down once?
9. Can you judge of the success of a performance (con-
cert) by the number of people that turn up at it?
10. Do you dismiss the thing once you've decided on or do
you keep turning it over in your mind?
11. In what season of the year does the weather often
turn from fine to cold?
12. At what time do parents expect their little children to
turn in?
13. Is there a motor-car that can be easily turned into
a boat?
14. At what time do you usually turn on the radio to hear
the news?.
210
15. When would you turn down the radio-set?
16. Do you ever lie wide awake turning things over in
your mind?
17. Are hats with turned up brims in fashion no\v?
IV. Supply the appropriate particles:
1. We had so much to talk over that it was midnight
before we turned . . . . 2. Her mood turns . . . grave . . . gay
in an instant. 3. I wonder what sort of a man that boy
will turn . . . . 4 . She's turned her jacket . . . a coat for
her daughter. 5. Now that the main is mended we can
turn the water . . . . 6. I did not expect to be turned . . . by
a person whom I had considered a friend. 7. There's a gas
leakage somewhere. You'd better turn the gas . . . .
8. I wonder how he dared turn them . . . at midnight.
9. He turns . . . anybody who is small fry for him. 10. They
are not on speaking terms now. He made a pass at her and
she turned'him . . . . 11. Turn the cover of the book . . .
it'll look nicer that way. 12. I don't think their marriage
has turned . .. well. Actually they are separated now.
13. Turn the jar . . . and let it dry up before pouring the
milk in. 14. Has the plan been turned . .. ? Why, no, it's
on, get on with the work. 15. The new creamery turns . ..
ten thousand tons of butter a week. 16. The day turned . . .
sunny and warm and he hoped that everything would turn
.. . most satisfactory. 17. Don't bother to look for my
umbrella, it'll turn . . . some day. 18. In three hours
Arthur turned . . . the four hundred cylinders he needed to
just turned . . . and went to sleep again. 20. The very mo-
ment she finished the letter she got down to turning . . . the
bedroom. Her nephew was coming the next day. 21. She
is most likely to turn .. . you for help. Be sure to meet
her halfway or it'll be late. You know the proverb, I sup-
pose, "A little too late — much too late." 22. Suitor: I would
like to marry your daughter. Business Man: Well, sir, you
can leave your name and address and if nothing better
turns . . . we can notify you. 23. Turn . . . the television-
set or at least turn it ... , please. I can't concentrate.
24. The whole night I lay awake turning . . . what I had'
read in the letter. 25. He turned the bottoms of his trou-
sers ... to keep them dry on the flooded road.
тв^т

I
V. Make up sentences using the f o l l o w i n g : IX. Translate the following sentences:

I to turn away (1,2); to turn down (1,2, 3,4); to turn from ...
to; to turn in; to turn on (1, 2); to turn out (1, 2, 3, 4);
to turn over (1, 2); to turn to; to turn up
I V!. In what circumstances would you say?
1. I'm sorry but your project was turned down.
I 2. He turned in early that day.
3. Why did you turn on him like that?
4. Don't worry, the book will turn up some day.
5. Many workers are likely to be turned out.
I 6. Though he turned everything over again he couldn't
see his fault.
7. You shouldn't have turned away from her.
I VII. Make up situations using the following:
To be done orally.
I 1. Losing the Key
1. Эта фабрика выпускает широкий ассортн.меп f
2. Рассказ получился (оказался) длинным, егос'к i
кратить .3. Вы должны все обдумать, прежде чем eojuh s :
к нему поэтому вопросу. 4. Не беспокойтесь, BaiL. ,
найдется. 5. Он появился в последнюю минуту, • i
все уже перестали ждать его. 6. Где Петр? — Он ул
спать, он очень устал сегодня. 7. Пусти горячую
ты быстрее смоешь грязь. 8. Ребята превратили это
рай в настоящую крепость. 9. Она набросилась н?>
за то, что я не выключила свет вечером. 10.
ночка так много читает, мне просто приходится LH
важивать ее гулять. 11. Сотни шахтеров были з' в:
в связи с закрытием шахты. 12. Если вы приняли к
то решение, нельзя отступать от него (отклонять^
него). 13. Его не приняли на работу, так как C4i>
что он недостаточно опытен. 14. Опустите, пожал у
поля вашей шляпы, вам не идут поля вверх. 15. Опро
пожалуйста, банки, они так скорее высохнут, 16. €..
потише магнитофон. Уже поздно и мы, возможно, о
коим соседей.

to lose (a key); to get in; to turn out one's handbag; X. Read and relate the stories:

I to stay out; to turn up (a brother); to get into

2. Running into an Old School-mate
1.

He had proposed and the girl had turned him down.

to get about (a great deal); to conie back (to his native "Ah, well," he sighed dejectedly, "I suppose I ' l i never
I town); to run across (an old friend); to come round; to put
smb. up; to turn 'on (T.V.); to talk about; to turn out
marry now."
The girl couldn't help laughing a little, she was so flat-
(about their friends); to turn into; to sit far into the tered.
night; to turn in
I VIII. Make up a dialogue using the following:
"You silly boy!" she said. "Because I've turned you down,
that doesn't mean that other girls will do the same."
"Of course it does," he returned with a faint smile.
"If you won't have me, who will?"
I to get along
Having a Day Off
to call up
2.

to put in (about time) to clear up About a year after her husband died, the widow herself
to take up (a book) died. When she arrived at the pearly gates she asked if she
I to
to
to
turn on (T.V.)
be on
have a day off
to
to
turn off
turn in
might see her former husband.
"What's his name?"
to turn out (a room) "Joe Smith."

I 212 213

I i
^^^т

I
"You'll have to give us a better identification. How X I . Describe the pictures using the words g i v e n under them:
I about his last words? We classify new arrivals that way."
"Well," she replied, "just before he died Joe said, "Katie, A New Hat
if you ever waste any of my hard-earned dollars, I'll turn
over in my grave."
I "Oh, sure we know him. We call him W h i r l i n g Joe up
here."
3.

I — So you have adopted a baby to bring up? Well, it

may turn out all right, but don't you think you are taking
chances?
— Not a chance. No matter how many bad habits the
I child may develop, my wife can't say he inherits any of
them from my side of the house.

I 4.

Mother: Why are you so early, Johnny?

Johnny: Well, the teacher told us to write an essay on
I "The Result of Laziness" and after I handed in a blank
sheet of paper he turned me out.
5.
I Last Chance
Flying over the Bay of Naples, an air pilot turned to
his passengers and said: "Have you ever heard the phrase:
I 'See Naples and Die?'"
"Yes," said the passengers.
"Well," said the pilot, "take a good look, the propeller's j
I come off."

I
I to put up; to set off; to get up (about the wind); to
turn from . . . to (about the wind); to run after; to get
over (a fence); to take for (the hat, the ball); to get at (the
hat); to turn into (about the hat); to get smb. down
I 214

I
I
I
^^•1

I CALL

Ex. II. 1. was called out (up); 2. called up; 3. called upon; 4. calling to;
5. calls for; 6. call for; 7. call for; 8. called out; 9. call at;

I 10. call off; 11. called out; 12. called o f f ; 13. called out; 14. call
out; 15. call on
Ex. IV. \. for; 2. for; 3. for; 4. out; 5. out; 6. off; 7. at; 8. on (for);
9. up; 10. up; 11. up; 12. upon; 13. to; 14. on
Ex. IX. 1. call up; 2. call to; 3. call up; 4. call for; 5. call for; 6. call

I KEYS TO THE EXERCISES

on, call out; 7. call for; 8. call on; 9. call at; 10. call elf; 11. call
out; 12. call on

CLEAR

I BE

Ex II. 1. be in; 2. are you at; 3. was down and out; 4. are behind
in the rent; 5. must be above; 6. be for; 7. be in; 8. be in for a
Ex. II- 1. clear away; 2. cleared out; 3. clear up; 4. clear up;
5. cleared up
Ex. IV. 1. away; 2. up; 3. out, up; 4. up
Ex. IX. 1. clear away; 2. clear up; 3. clear out; 4. clear up; 5. clear up

I bad time; 9. be off; 10. was off; 11. is not off; 12. is out and
about; 13. were out of; 14. to be up; 15. was up; 16. is he up
to; 17. It's up to you; 18. be with you; 19. be back; 20. be
away: 21. is after; 22. was down; 23. is out; 24. are down
Ex.' IV. 1. above; 2. behind; 3. down and out; 4. up to (at); 5. behind;
COME

Ex. II. 1. came over; 2. came out with; 3. come over to see; 4. come to;

I
6. for; 7. in for; 8. out; 9. up, up and about; 10. up; 11. out
of; 12. with; 13. back; 14. up to; 15. up to; 16. down; 17. after;
18. out
Ex. IX. 1. be behind; 2. be down and out; 3. be about; 4. be up to;
5. comes out; 6. come to; 7. coming out on; 8. coming on; 9. came
out; 10. came off; 11. came into; 12. come from; 13. come for;
14. come about; 15. came across; 16. come on; 17. come back;
18. came out against; 19. coming out; 20. came by in; 21. co-
ming on; 22. came back; 23. came down

I
5. be for, be with; 6. be out, be on; 7. be down; 8. be in for;
9. be with; 10. be up to; be with; 11. be out of; 12. be out and
about; 13. be after; 14. be up; 15. be up; 16. beaway.be back;
17. be down; 18. be out; 19. be out, be back
Ex. IV. 1. back; 2. about; 3. down on; 4. out with; 5. across: 6. for;
7. back; 8. along; 9. out; 10. on; 11. out, 12. out w i t h ; 13. into;
14. of (from); 15. over; 16. to; 17. over; 18. over; 19. to; 20. over;
21. by; 22. out with; 23. up; 24. round, down; 25. to; 26, round;
27. out; 28. off; 29. off; 30. across; 31. on

I BREAK
Ex. II. 1. break off; 2. broke down; 3. break with; 4. breakup; 5. break
with; 6. breaks up; 7. broke out; 8. broken it down; 9. broke down;
10. broke off; 11. broke with
Ex. IX. 1. come down on; 2. come about; 3. come round; 4. come
across; 5. come back; 6. come for; 7. come out; 8. come on;
9. come on; 10. come o f f ; 11. come out; 12. come of; 13. come
off (out); 14. come on; 15. come up; 16. come to; 17. come over;
18. come over; 19. come out; 20. come back; 22. come by; 23.

I Ex. IV. 1. down; 2. down; 3. down; 4. up; 5. up; 6. out; 7. with;

8. down; 9. off; 10. out; 11. up
Ex. IX. 1. break o f f ; 2. breakdown; 3. break with; 4. break out; 5. break
with; 6. break off; 7. break up; 8. break off; 9. break down;
come on
CUT

Ex. II. 1. cut . .. down; 2. cut it out; 3. cut o f f ; 4. cut c f f ; 5. cut

I
10. break o f f ; 11. break out; 12. break up; 13. break with
off
Ex. IV. 1. down; 2. o f f ; 3. o f f ; 4. down; 5. out; 6. out; 7 down; 8.
BRING out for
Ex. IX. 1. cut o f f ; 2. cut out; 3. cut out; 4. cut out for; 5. cut out;
Ex. II. 1. bringing about; 2. brings back; 3. bring down; 4. brought 6. cut out; 7. cut in; 8. cut down

I in, brought them over; 5. brought out; 6. bring out;

round; 8. bringing up; 9. brought up
Ex. IV. 1. about; 2. back; 3. down; 4. in (up); 5. out; 6.
8. up; 9. in; 10. in
Ex. IX. 1. bring up; 2. bring round; 3. bring over; 4.
7. bring him
over; 7. out;
bring about;
DO

Ex. II. 1. done away with; 2. do for; 3. be done for; 4. do out; 5. do

I 216
5. bring back; 6. bring down; 7. bring out; 8. bring
in; 10. bring in; 11. bring in
out; 9. bring up; 6. do up; 7. do without; 8. do with; 9. done up; lu. do . . .
out of; 11. doing up; 12. have . .. done up
217

I
I
Ex. IV. 1. without; 2. up, with; 3. up; 4. without; 5. with; 6. away
with; 7. for; 8. up; 9. for; 10. up; 11. up; 12. up; 13. out of; 14. up
Ex. VIII. 1. do away with; 2. do away with; 3. do for; 4. do out; 5. do
for; 6. do for; 7. do out of, do with; 8. do out of; 9. do with-
out; 10. do up; 11. do'up; 12. do up; 13. do up
FALL
Ex. II. 1. fall out; 2. fell out with; 3. fell on it with disapproval;
4. fell through; 5. fell for; 6. fall in with; 7. fall in with; 8.
had fallen off; 9. fell off sharply; 10. fell behind; 11. have f a l l -
en behind with; 12. fallen off; 13. fell back
Ex. IV. 1. o f f ; 2. behind; 3. behind with; 4. back; 5. on; 6. on; 7. out;
8. out with; 9. through; 10. out with; 11. out; 12. through; 13.
out with: 14. off; 15. for; 16. for
Ex. IX. 1. f a l l on; 2. fall out; 3. fall through; 4. fall behind;
5. fall off; 6. fall back; 7. fall in with; 8. fall off; 9. fall for;
10. fall off
GET
Ex. II. 1. get on; 2. get to; 3. get o f f ; 4. got off with bruises (lightly)
5. get o f f ; 6. getting on; 7. get off; 8. get off; 9. getting on;
10. gets on (well); 11. gets on with; 12. got through; 13. get up;
14. got up; 15. get out of; 16. got round (about); 17. getting
over; 18. got over; 19. got round; 20. got through; 21. gets
through; 22. gets away with it; 23. got about a lot; 24. get about
(reund); 25. get at; 26. getting at; 27. get across; 28. gets me
down; 29. get them back; 30. get in; 31. get in; 32. he'll get in;
33. get across; 34. got over
Ex. IV. 1. out; 2. out of; 3. out of; 4. out of; 5. over; 6. round;
7. round; 8. through; 9. through; 10. through; 11. through; 12. up;
13. up; 14. up; 15. about; 16. about; 17. on, about; 18. at; 19. at; 20.
back; 21. down; 22. in; 23. in; 24. in; 25. into; 26. off with;
27. away; 28. into; 29. on; 30. off; 31. on; 32. out; 33. on; 34. off;
35. off; 36. on; 37. away with; 38. down; 39. down .to; 40. d*wn
Ex. IX. get away; 2. get on; 3. get o f f ; 4. get off; 5. get on for; 6.
get away with it; 7. get about; 8. get about; 9. get at; 10. get
at; 11. get at; 12. get across; 13. get down; 14. get off; 15. get
back; 16. get in; 17. get on, get off; 18. get off; 19. get down;
20. get on with; 21. get out of; 22. get out of; 23. get over;
24. get over; 25. get round; 26. get through; 27. get up; 28. get
through; 29. get through; 30. get over
GIVE
Ex. II. 1. give ... away; 2. gave in; 3. gave back; 4. give up; 5. give
in; 6. give out; 7. gave ... away; 8. gave out; 9. gave out; 10.
give out; 11. give in to him; 12. given up; 13. given off
Ex. IV. 1. up; 2. in; 3. out, 4. back; 5. in; 6. out; 7. up; 8. off;
9. away; 10. away
Ex. IX. 1. give away; 2. give away; 3. give back; 4. give in; 5. give
off; 6. give in; 7. give out; 8. give up; 9. give up; 10. give up
218
GO
Ex. II. 1. he has gone in for stamp-collecting; 1* go info; 3. go off;
4. gone off; 5. go off; 6. go off; 7. go out; 8. is going out
(has gone out); 9. go on with; 10. goes for; 11. going for; 12. go
without; 13. go with; 14. gone down; 15. went to; 16. what I
went through;- 17. going over; 18. going on; 19. go over; 20.
went over; 21. it goes about; 22. go for; 23. is not going back;
24. went down; 25. went down; 26. did not go down well with;
27. goes out; 28. going up to town; 29. going up
Ex. IV. 1. through; 2. up; 3. through; 4. over; 5. over; 6. with; 7. with-
out; 8. over (across); 9. out; 10. out; 11. about; 12. on with;
13. back; 14. down; 15. over; 16. by; 17. by; 18. for, into; 19. down;
20. down, over; 21. for; 22. in for; 23. into; 24. off, back;
25. off; 26. off; 27. on with; 28. on; 29. out, on with; 30. off;
31. on; 32. out, out; 33. up; 34. down; 35. over; 36. down; 37.
• aside
Ex. IX. 1. go out; 2. go off; 3. go in for; 4. go o f f ; 5. go down, go
out; 6. go on; 7. go through; 8. go on; 9. go through, go off;
10. go off; 11. go down; 12. go over (through); 13. go over; 14.
go through; 15. go to; 16. go with; 17. go without; 18. go on;
19. go over; 20. go by; 21. go out; 22. go down with; 23. go
about; 24. go about, go up; 25. go up; 26. go aside
HOLD
Ex. II. 1. had held back; 2. held up; 3. held him back; 4. hoid on;
5. hold out; 6. held on
Ex. IV. 1. up; 2. out; 3. on; 4. on; 5. back; 6. back
Ex. IX. 1. hold up: 2. hold up: 3. hold on; 4. hold out; 5. hold back;
6. hold back
KEEP
Ex. II. 1. keep up with the latest news; 2. keep up with; 3. kept up;
4. keep up; 5. keep up; 6. keep to; 7. keeps to; 8. always kept
a\vay from; 9. keep back; 10. keep at; 11. keep down the growth
of the plant; 12. keep a child down; 13. keep away from; 14. kept
from (off); 15. were kept in; 16. keep in (indoors); 17. keep away
from; 18. keep off; 19. keep them away; 20. do not keep water
out; 21. keep ... out (outside)
Ex. IV. 1. to; 2. off; 3. down; 4. down; 5. back; 6. at; 7. away from;
8. on; 9. off; 10. away (from); 11. in; 12. out; 13. to; 14. up;
15. up; 16. up; 17.up with
Ex. IX. 1. keep up; 2. keep up; 3; keep up; 4. keep to; 5. keep away;
6. keep back; 7. keep away; 8. keep on; 9. keep off; 10. keep in;
11. keep from; 12. keep in
LET
Ex. II. 1. let down; 2. let down; 3. let him off; 4. let me in; 5. lei
on io anyone; 6. let ihem out
 Ex. IV, 1. down: 2 r!c\vn; 3. in; 4. out; 5. out; 6. into, on; 7. off
Ex. IX. 1. let on, let down; 2. let o f f ; 3. let out; 4. let out; 5. let in;
6. let down; 7. let down; 8. let into
LOOK
Ex. U. 1. look over; 2. looking up; 3. look through (over); 4. Look
out! 5. looking for; 6. look down on; 7. looked up; 8. look in at;
9. looked on ... as; 10. look into; 11. looking after; 12. look
forward to; 13. looked through (over); 14. to look back; 15. look
in on
Ex. IV. 1. a f t e r ; 2. back; 3. back on; 4. for; 5. out for; 6. out; 7. for-
ward to; 8. in on; 9. on; 10. up: 11. through (over); 12. through;
13. up to; 14. down on; 15 on; 16. through; 17. up; 18. on; 19. over
Ex. IX. 1. look in; 2. look over; 3. look through; 4. look to; 5. look in;
6. look after; 7. look into; 8. look forward to; 9. look out; 10.
look on; 11. look upon; 12. look up; 13. look up to
MAKE
Ex. H. 1. make out; 2. make up; 3. made up; 4. make up; 5. makeup;
6. to make up; 7. made for; 8. make for the progress in; 9. make
out; 10. making out; 11. make out; 12. make up; 13. make up;
14. made up to; 15. make up for
Ex. IV. 1. out, up; 2. up for; 3. up; 4. up to, up for; 5. up to; 6. out;
7. up (out); 8. up; 9. out; 10. up; 11. up; 12. for; 13. out; 14. up; 15.
out; 16. for
Ex. IX. 1. make up (out); 2. make out; 3. make up, make up; 4. make
up; 5. make out; 6. make out; 7. make for; 8. make for; 9. make
up; 10. make up; 11. make up; 12. make up to; 13. make up for
PASS
Ex. II. 1. pass for; 2. passes for; 3. pass your message on to him;
4. passed off; 5. pass over; 6. pass off
Ex. IV. 1. for; 2. off; 3. off; 4. off; 5. on to (over to); 6. over
Ex. IX. 1. pass off; 2. pass over (by); 3. pass off; 4. pass on to; 5.
pass over; 6. pass over; 7. pass over; 8. pass by; 9. pass off
PULL
Ex. II. 1. pull [through; 2. pulled down; 3. pull through; 4. pull
through; 5. pulled up; 6. pulled into; 7. pulling out
Ex. IV. 1. down; 2. into; 3. through; 4. up; 5. out
Ex. IX. 1. pull down; 2. pull in; 3. pull through; 4. pull up
I PUT
Ex. II. 1. put in; 2. put off; 3. put off; 4. pui off their visit for
another time; 5. put off; 6. put on; 7. puts out; 8. puts on an
I 220
air of indifference; 9. put on; 10. put out; 11. put on; 12. put
I
I
on; 13. put them on; 14. put out; 15. p u t . . . through to, 16. p u t
down; 17. put up; 18. put up with; 19. p u t t i n g up; 20. put up;
21. put up; 22. put up; 23. put away; 24. put about; 25. put in;
26. put down to; 27. put you down; 28. put away; 29. pat down;
30. putting down; 31. put aside
Ex. IV. 1. out; 2. through; 3. up; 4. up; 5. up with; 6. o u t ; 7. up;
8. on; 9. away; 10. about; 11. out; 12. aside or away; 13. down;
14. out; 15. down; 16. in; 17. in; 18. on; 19. in; 20. in; 21. in;
22. out; 23. off; 24. o f f ; 25. off; 26. out; 27. on, o u t ; 28. on;
29. on
Ex. IX. 1. put out; 2. put on; 3. put on; 4. put o f f ; 5. put in, put
off; 6. put o f f ; 7. put on; 8. put o f f ; 9. put out; 10. p u t through,
put out; 11. put up; 12. put up; 13. put up with; \-\. put up;
15. put aside; 16. put away; 17. put aside; 18. put down; 19. put down;
L'O. put down; 21. put down to; 22. put in, put in; 23 put about
RUN
Ex. II. 1. run into; 2. run into; 3. run over; 4. run over; 5. runs out,
run into; 6. run out; 7. run through; 8. run to; 9. runs through;
10. run away; 11. ran across (into); 12. running a f t e r him; 13.
run away with him; 14. his temper ran away w i t h him and
he ... ; 15. run away from; 16. running about, ran away with;
17. run down; 18. are run down; 19. has run down; 20. run in
this car for about two thousand miles; 21. ran into; 22. r u n into;
23. run down
Ex. IV. 1. into; 2. down; 3. down; 4. down; 5. down; 6. in; 7. down,
down; 8. into; 9. over; 10. into; 11. out of; 12. over; 13. out;
14. through; 15. through; 16. over; 17. about; 18. away; 19. away
with; 20. away with; 21. across (into)
Ex. IX. 1. run over; 2. run down; 3. run out, run through; 4. run to;
5. run through; 6. run away with; 7. run away; 8. run after;
9. run about; 10 run into; 11. run into; 12. run down; 13. run
down; 14. run in; 15. run in; 16. run down
SEE
Ex. II. 1. see about; 2. see about; 3. saw . . . out; 4. sees out;
5. see the year out; 6. see the f i l m out; 7. saw throng! see
to, see about; 9. see to it; 10. seen through
Ex. IV. 1. through; 2. about, off; 3. out; 4. out; 5. to; 6. to; 7. through
Ex. IX. 1. see out; 2. see out; 3. see through; 4. see about (see to);
5. see off; 6. see to; 7. see through, 8. see througli
SET
Ex. II. 1 set on; 2. set . . . on, 3. is set on leaving; 4. set out; 5. set
up; 6. set up; 7. set you up again-; 8. set off; 9. has set in;
10. sets off her hair, 11. set him o f f ; 12. set about; 13. set about;
14. set everybody against him; 15. was set aside; 16. set up,
set back; 17. set out
221

Ex. IV. 1. in; 2. in; 3. off (out); 4. o f f ; 5. about; 6. against; 7. back;
8. aside; 9. up; 10. out; 11. on; 12. up; 13. out; 14. up; 15. up;
16. up; 17. out
Ex. IX. 1. set on; 2. set out; 3. set on; 4. set up; 5. set up; 6. set
out; 7. set o f f ; 8. set o f f ; 9. set out; 10. set o f f ; 11. set about;
12. set against; 13. set against, set on; 14. set back; 15. set back;
16. set about
STAND
down; 23. turn ... down; 24. turned out to be; 25. t u r n down;
26. turning over; 27. turn up
Ex. IV. 1. in; 2. from . . . to; 3. into; 4. into; 5. on; 6. on (away),
8. out; 9. away; 10. down; 11. down; 12. out; 13. down, 14.
15. out; 16. out, out; 17. up; 18. out; 19. over; 20. GUI;
22. up; 23. o f f , down; 24. over; 25. up
Ex. IX. 1. turn out; 2. turn out; 3. turn over, turn to; 4. HI i n up;
5. turn up; 6. turn in; 7. turn on; 8. turn into; 9. turn и n, turn
o f f ; 10. turn out; 11. turn out; 12. turn away; 13. turn away;
14. turn down, turn up; 15. turn down; 16. turn down

Ex. II. 1. stands out; 2. stands out; 3. w i l l stand out against; 4. stands
out as one who favours; 5. stand over; 6. stand up ito; 7. stand
for; 8. stand for; 9. stand for; 10. stand away; 11. always stands
aside from; 12. stand by; 13.'stood by; 14. stands for
Ex. IV. \. for; 2. in for; 3. out for; 4. by; 5. aside; 6. by; 7. aside;
8. out against; 9. out from; 10. out; 11. out for; 12. up to; 13.
up to; 14. over
Ex. IX. 1. stand out; 2. stand out; 3. stand over; 4. stand up to; 5.
stand for; 6. stand for; 7. stand for; 8. stand down; 9. stand
aside; 10. stand by, stand out for; 11. stand by

TAKE

Ex. II. 1. take to; 2. takes up; 3. take ito; 4. took to; 5. took to,
6. taken up; 7. took up; 8. taken up; 9. taken up; 10. take it up;
11. taken on; 12. quite taken up w i t h ; 13. be taken on; 14. take
on; 15. take him on; 16. takes off; 17. take your clothes off;
18. take over; 19. take o f f ; 20. takes her out; 21. take after;
22. take them down; 23. taking down; 24. taking down, take in;
25. taken for; 26. take in sewing; 27. take it in; 28. take me in;
29. took us in; 30. take in; 31. taking in
Ex. IV. 1. on; 2. on; 3. on; 4. o f f ; 5. o f f ; 6. o f f ; 7. off (away); 8. out;
9. over; 10. over; 11. up; 12. over; 13. in; 14. in; 15. in; 16. af-
ter, after; 17. down; 18. down; 19. for; 20. in; 21. in; 2f. in;
23. to; 24. to; 25. to; 26. up; 27. to; 28. to; 29. up; 30. up; 31. to;
32. o f f ; 33. up; 34. up; 35. up with
Ex. IX. 1. take ito; 2. take to; 3. lake up; 4. take up; 5. take up;
6. take up; 7. take on; 8. take up; 9. take up; 10. take on,
takeover; 11. t a k e o f f ; 12. take on; 13. take o f f ; 14. takeoff, take
for; 15. take off; 16. take out; 17. take out; 18. take down (a
peg or two); 19. take after; 20. take down; 21. take for; 22. take
down; 23. take in; 24. take in; 25. take in; 26. take in; 27. take
in; 28. take up with

TURN
Ex. II. 1. turn out her mother's handbag; 2. turn out the drawer; 3. turned
out; 4. turned out to be; 5. turned over; 6. turn to; 7. turn to;
8. turn up easily; 9. turn up; 10. turn in; 11. turn from ... to;
12. turn into; 13. turn it on; 14. turned out; 15. turn off; 16.
turn on; 17. turned into; 18. turned fne down; 19. turned away
everybody; 20. turn away from; 21. turned away from; 22. turned