Lab 112: Newton’s Second Law

Abdulahad Malik Group B

10/11/20 Professor Cannon

PHYS 102-007

David Rotilyano

1. Objective

1.1. The objective of this lab is to understand Newton’s second law of motion and to

verify that the law works through a pulley system.

1.2. Background

1.2.1. Newton’s second law of motion helps us understand the relationship

between forces and motion. With this we can calculate acceleration which

can help you understand speed and velocity. These ideas help us build

tools and machines that we use in our everyday lives.

2. Experimental Procedure

2.1.
 2.2. Variables

2.2.1.

F= Force m= mass a= n= T1 and g= gravity

acceleration normal T2=
force tension
of
string

Mg=
Mass of
Glider

2.2.2. Results

2.2.2.1. Experimental Data

Time
Between Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Gates (s) Run photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 1 1 (s) Run #1 2 (s) Run #1 #1 (m/s) Run #1 (m/s) Run #1
0.1578 0.0623 0.6786 6.3326 16.0423
0.1585 0.0628 0.6798 6.304 15.9069
0.1575 0.0625 0.6772 6.3423 15.9825
Time
Between Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Gates (s) Run photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 2 1 (s) Run #2 2 (s) Run #2 #2 (m/s) Run #2 (m/s) Run #2
0.1843 0.0745 0.8033 5.4218 13.4047
0.1884 0.0747 0.8085 5.3029 13.3654
0.1906 0.0747 0.814 5.2423 13.3705
Time
Between Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Gates (s) Run photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 3 1 (s) Run #3 2 (s) Run #3 #3 (m/s) Run #3 (m/s) Run #3
0.2135 0.0851 0.9195 4.6784 11.7328
0.217 0.0857 0.9305 4.6031 11.6635
0.2147 0.0852 0.9212 4.6537 11.7314
Time Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Between photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 4 1 (s) Run #4 2 (s) Run #4 Gates (s) Run (m/s) Run #4 (m/s) Run #4
 #4
0.202 0.081 0.8853 4.9449 12.3394
0.2152 0.0823 0.9081 4.6432 12.1453
0.2225 0.0836 0.9211 4.4907 11.9516
Time
Between Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Gates (s) Run photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 5 1 (s) Run #5 2 (s) Run #5 #5 (m/s) Run #5 (m/s) Run #5
0.2983 0.123 1.3035 3.3488 8.1239
0.3068 0.1223 1.3251 3.2564 8.1694
0.2961 0.1196 1.309 3.3741 8.3558
Time
Between Speed in Speed in
Time in Gate Time in Gate Gates (s) Run photogate 1 photogate 2
Run 6 1 (s) Run #6 2 (s) Run #6 #6 (m/s) Run #6 (m/s) Run #6
0.5089 0.2192 2.2717 1.9632 4.5573
0.5174 0.2156 2.2787 1.9308 4.6328
0.4992 0.2144 2.237 2.0014 4.6603

3. Calculations

3.1. Table 1

Total Hanging
Glider Mass M Acceleration(m/s^ Time to travel Velocity at Velocity at
Mass (kg) 2) distance L (s) Gate 1 Gate 2
6.328 14.82(m/s
Theoretical 1.79 (m/s^2) (m/s) )
Mg= .199 6.326 15.977
kg .0415 kg Experimental 13.635 (m/s^2) .6772 s (m/s) (m/s)
12.45(m/s
Theoretical 1.34 (m/s^2) 5.13(m/s) )
Mg+
2M1= 5.322(m/s 13.3802
.28912 kg .0415 kg Experimental 9.842 (m/s^2) .814 s ) (m/s)
10.98
Theoretical .956 (m/s^2) 4.45 (m/s) (m/s)
Mg+4M1= 4.645 11.709
.38984 .0415 kg Experimental 7.635 (m/s^2) 4.6784 s (m/s) (m/s)
 3.2. Table 2

3.2.1. ϴ= 5 degrees

Total Hanging
Glider Mass M Acceleration(m/s^ Time to travel Velocity at Velocity at
Mass (kg) 2) distance L (s) Gate 1 Gate 2
12.14(m/s
Theoretical 9.466 (m/s^2) 4.69(m/s) )
Mg= .199 12.15(m/s
kg .0415 kg Experimental 8.235(m/s^2) .9048 s 4.8(m/s) )
8.213(m/s
Mg+ Theoretical 9.45(m/s^2) 3.34(m/s) )
2M1=
.28912 kg .0415 kg Experimental 3.73(m/s^2) 1.3125 s 3.5(m/s) 8.27(m/s)

Theoretical 9.45(m/s^2) 1.9(m/s) 4.7(m/s)

Mg+4M1= 1.9651(m/
.38984 .0415 kg Experimental 8.12(m/s^2) 2.26 s s) 4.63(m/s)

3.2.2. Equations

F=ma

a=mg/M+m

a= (m-M sinθ)/M+m g

4. Analysis and Discussion

4.1. Error analysis was made from too much air pressure on certain intervals

4.2. The investigation was completed by calculating theoretical and experimental data

from the experiment.

4.3.

5. Conclusion

5.1. All in all what I learned from the experiment was how this experiment has a major

effect on the real world. Also how drastically different the data points are from
each other. My question would be if the photogate distance was shortened and

so what would happen to the time of the photogate?