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Semester III
Teaching Plan
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-I
By
Satya Prakash
Sudhir Verma
A. Knowledge
a. To inculcate the skill of reading the Constitution.
b. To identify the fundamental policy choices incorporated in the
Constitution.
c. To examine the historical evolution of constitutional doctrines,
standards, and tests.
d. To familiarise oneself with the most prominent aspects of civil liberty
i.e. equality and law of freedom of speech and religious freedom in
India;
e. To get the accustomed to the peculiar nature of legal arguments in
constitutional controversies based on the constellation of constitutional
values and principles enunciated in Supreme Court majority and
minority opinions.
f. To develop a critical understanding of the interpretations of
constitutional provisions offered by Apex Court in India.
g. To understand and articulate the internal logic of an “argument,” and
whether it is consistent or inconsistent with similar “arguments”
previously made.
h. To recognize and articulate the strengths and weaknesses of an
“argument” independent of one’s level of agreement with it.
i. To articulate opinions on significant, vital, controversial and current
constitutional issues.
j. To understand contemporary judicial thinking on civil liberties in the
era of judicial activism.
k. To understand practical application of Constitutional Law principles to
hypothetical or real controversies, particularly through problem-
solving—applying the legal principles enunciated in Supreme Court
cases to particular hypothetical or real lower-court cases.
l. To develop enhanced skills regards constitutional interpretation in
general.
B. Outcomes
C. Final Outcome
University Assessment is by compulsory coursework examination (100%)
(Including Internal Assessment 40% and External Assessment 60%) by the
Symbiosis International, Pune.
3. LECTURES
Three lecture times have been set aside for this course for each division. Verify
it from the timetable assigned for each division. Reading material and relevant
references will be made available in “The Library‟ on “Curiosity‟ Portal at
www.curiosity.symlaw.edu.in. as well as announced in class. To facilitate your
understanding of these lectures, you should always read at least the relevant
pages of suggested readings in advance of each lecture.
Module1:
Introduction to Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights.
1) Need and uses of constitution.
2) Whether a constitution should contain a chapter on fundamental rights.
3) Constitutionalism: Idea and Significance.
a.Contribution of Natural Law to the idea of Constitutionalism.
b.Contribution of English Common Law to the idea of Constitutionalism.
4) Introduction to the History and Significance of the Fundamental Rights in
India.
5) Philosophical Foundations of the Fundamental Rights.
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III, pp. 379-421 & 431-57,
465-530)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution Vol. 5, pp.170-179.
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
Ashish Caugh: Fundamental Rights: Vertical or Horizontal? (2005)7 SCC p. 9-
18
Bruce Ackerman: The Rise of World Constitutionalism. Yale Law School-
Occasional Papers, 1996.
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience.
Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). Chapters 8 to 10.
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary Vol.1(p.
349-399)
Karl Lowenstein: Political Power and the Governmental Process. The
University of Chicago Press 1965 (Chapter V)
Sudhir Krishnaswamy: Democracy and Constitutionalism in India: A study of
the Basic Structure Doctrine. Oxford University Press
T. M. Cooley: A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations, Hindustan Law
Book Company, Calcutta, 2005.
Upendra Baxi: Constitutionalism as Site for State Formative Practices. 21
Cardozo Law Review.
Cases:
Module 2:
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III pp. 410-411 & Vol. VII, pp.
607-612)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution (5 Vols.).
145th Report of the Law Commission of India on Article 12 and Public
Undertakings.
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.148-177-196
Granville Austin: Working of a Democratic Constitution: The Indian
Experience. Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). Chapters 8 to 10.
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary Vol.3 (p.
349-399 & 400-434)
R.K. Choudhury & T. G. Choudhoury: Judicial Reflections on Justice
Bhagwati; p. 128-138
Cases:
Module 3:
1) Levels of Scrutiny Under the Equal Protection Clause: “Equality before the
law” and “Equal Protection of Laws” / Rule of Law
2) Separate But Equal
3) Proving Unconstitutional Discrimination
4) Doctrine of Reasonable Classification
5) Doctrine of Arbitrary State Action
6) Rights of non-citizen under the equal protection clause
7) Protection Against Arbitrary Use of Discretion
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III, pp. 457, (Vol. VII, pp. 797-
8, 842-857, 859, 999-1001)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution Vol. 5, pp.170-179
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.198 onwards
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience.
Oxford UniversityPress (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). Chapters 8 to 10.
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary
Vol.1(p.435-550)
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights. Eastern Book House;p. 90-161
R.K. Choudhury & T. G. Choudhoury: Judicial Reflections on Justice
Bhagwati; p. 85-89
Salman Khurshid: The Concept of Equality (1984)1 SCC p. 1-6
Cases:
Module 4:
Readings:
Cases:
Module 5
Readings
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III, pp. 445-456, (Vol. VII, p.
730-760)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution Vol. 5, pp.179-211
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.819 onwards
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience.
Oxford
University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New
Delhi (1998). Chapters 8 to 10.
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary
Vol.1(p.693-947)
H.R. Khanna: Freedom of Expression with Particular Reference to Freedom of
the Media,(1982)2SCC p. 1-9
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights. Eastern Book House; p. 353-407
P.K. Tripathi: India’s Experiment in Freedom of Speech: The First
Amendment and Thereafter (Spotlights on Constitutional Interpretation),
p.255-290
R.K. Choudhury & T. G. Choudhoury: Judicial Reflections on Justice
Bhagwati; p. 39-92 & 139-163
Cases:
Module 6
1) Article 20
a) Protection Against Ex-Post Facto Law
b) Protection Against Double Jeopardy
c) Protection Against Self-Incrimination
Constitutional Validity of Narco-Analysis Test
2) Article 21
a) The Right to Life and
b) Due Process: Substantive Due Process and Procedural Due Process
with reference to the fourteenth amendment of American Constitution
vis-a-vis Procedure Established by Law
c) Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Constitutionality of Capital Punishment
d) Right to Die
e) The Right of Privacy
f) The Right to Abortion
g) Decriminalization of Homosexuality
3) Rights of Accused and Persons Detained under Preventive Detention Laws (
Article 22)
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. VII- p. 53-54, 848-852, 1000-
1001)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution Vol. 5, pp.179-211
180th Report of the Law Commission of India on Self Incrimination
Abhinav Chandrachud: The Substantive Right to Privacy: Tracing the
Doctrinal Shadows of the Indian Constitution.(2006)3 SCC p. 31-50
Ashish Caugh: A Reassessment of The Self-Incrimination Clause(2006)8 SCC
p.19-32
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.1085 onwards
Dr. Parmanand Singh: Equality, Reservation and Discrimination in India,
Deep and Deep Pub. New Delhi.
Granville Austin: Working of A Democratic Constitution: The Indian
Experience. Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). Chapters 8 to 10.
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary
Vol.2(p.1088-1258)
Justice A.M. Bhattacharjee: Article 21 and Due Process and “Exclusionary
Rule of Evidence. (1983)3SCC p.32-40
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights. Eastern Book House;p. 279-338
P.K. Tripathi: The Fiasco of Overruling, A.K. Gopalan, AIR 1990 (J) 1.
P.K. Tripathi: Protection of Personal Liberty under the Indian Constitution.
(Spotlights on Constitutional Interpretation), p.161-167
P.K. Tripathi: Preventive Detention: The Indian Experience (Spotlights on
Constitutional Interpretation), p.187-212
R.K. Choudhury & T. G. Choudhoury: Judicial Reflections on Justice
Bhagwati; p. 93-101
Solil Paul: Was Due Process Due?—A Critical Study of the Projection of
“Reasonableness” in Article 21 Since Maneka Gandhi. (1983)1SCC p.1-10
Cases:
We will also discuss cases decided by US Supreme Court and European Court of
Human Rights. For example: Francis v. Resweber, Ingraham v. Wright, Furman
v. Georgia, Hudson v. McMillan, and Roper v. Simmons. Meyer v. Nebraska,
Griswold v. Connecticut, Stanley v. Georgia, Ravin v. State, Kelley v. Johnson,
Cruzan v. Missouri Department of Health, and Lawrence v. Texas. Roe v. Wade
and Planned Parenthood v. Casey etc.
Module 7
Readings:
Cases:
Module 8
1) Definition of Minority
2) Why they Need Special Attention?
3) Rights of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions:
Problems of Affiliation, Admission and Reservation
4) Relation between Articles 29 and 30
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III, pp. 497-504, (Vol. V, p.
396-402, Vol. VII, pp. 895, 897-9)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution Vol. 5, pp.272-281
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.1472-1547
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience.
Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). P.50-113
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary Vol.2
(p.1309-1353)
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights. Eastern Book House; p. 451-500
Cases:
Module 9
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. III, pp. 520-2, (Vol. VII, p.
933-950)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao:The Framing of India’s Constitution, Vol. 5, pp.300-319.
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p.1472-1547
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience.
Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). P.50-113
G. Vethirajulu: Article 32 and the Remedy of Compensation. (2004) 7 SCC
p.49-60
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary
Vol.2(p.1309-1353)
Nirmalendu Bikash Rakshit: Right to Constitutional Remedy. Economic and
Political Weekly(1999) August 21-28
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights. Eastern Book House; p. 451-500
Cases:
Module10
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. VII, p. 41-44 & Vol. V, pp. 361-
78)
Constitution of India
B. Shiva Rao: The Framing of India’s Constitution, Vol. 5, pp. 319-334
B.N. Rau: The Making of Indian Constitution.
D.J. De: The Constitution of India. Asia Law House, p. 1611-1616
Glanville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford
University Press, New Delhi (1998). P. 75-84 & 113
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary Vol.2
(p.1921-2020)
M.P. Singh: The Statics and Dynamics of the Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles-A Human Right’s Perspective. (2003) 5 SCC p.1-14
P.K. Tripathi: Directive Principles of State Policy: The Lawyer’s Approach to
Them Hitherto, Parochial, Injurious and Unconstitutional (Spotlights on
Constitutional Interpretation), p.291-322
R.K. Choudhury & T. G. Choudhoury: Judicial Reflections on Justice
Bhagwati; p. 117-125
Videh Upadhyay: Public Interest Litigation in India. LexisNexis,
Butterworths, p. 103-138
Cases:
Module 11
Readings:
Read the Constituent Assembly Debates (Vol. VII, p. 322-323 & Vol. IX, p.
1660)
Constitution of India
P.K. Tripathi: Kesavananda Bharti v.State of Kerala: Who Wins, (1974)1 SCC
1
Upendra Baxi: The Constitutional Quicksands of Kesavananda Bharti and the
25th Constitutional Amendment. (1974)1 SCC 45
H.M. Seervai: Constitutional Law of India: A Critical Commentary Vol.3
D.D.Basu: Constitution of India
Granville Austin: Working A Democratic Constitution: The Indian
Experience. Oxford University Press (2002) (pp. 123,278,492 and 516)
Cases:
Shankari Prasad v. Union of India, AIR 1951 SC 455
Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1965 SC 845
Golak Nath v. State of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 1461
Kesavananada Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461
Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Nath, AIR 1975 SC 2299
Minerva Mills v. Union of India, AIR 1980 SC 1789
Waman Rao v. Union of India, AIR 1981 SC 271
S.P. Sampat Kumar v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 386
S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, JT Vol.II, 8(1994) 239
L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 1125
I. R. Coelho v. State of T.N. (2007) 2 SCC
C. Lecture Outline:
A. Supplementary Readings:
Asim Pandya: Writs and Other Remedies, Lexix Nexis: Butterworths Wadhwa,
Nagpur.
Asbjorn Eide, Catarina Krause and Allan Rosas: Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
A.V. Dicey: An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution.
Universal Law Publishing Co.
Chemerinsky: Constitutional Law: ASPEN Publishers 2005.
Donald P. Kommers, John E. Finn and Gary J. Jacobsohn, Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers.
Durga Das Basu: Constitutional Law of India. Butterworth LexisNexis 2009.
Ellis Sandoz: The Roots of Liberty, Liberty Fund Indianapolis. 2008
John Macdonald QC, Ross Crail and Clive H. Jones: The Law of Freedom of
Information, Oxford Press.
M.R. Mallick: Writs: Law and Practice. Eastern Law House
Nicholas Tsagourias: Transnational Constitutionalism: International and
European Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.
P. Ishwara Bhat: Fundamental Rights: A Study of Their Relationship. Eastern
Law House.
Richard A. Epstein: Economics of Constitutional Law (2 Vols.) An Elgar Reference
Collection.
Tony Blackshield & George Williams: Australian Constitutional Law and Theory.
The Federation Press.
T. M. Cooley: A Treatise on the Constitutional Limitations, Hindustan Law Book
Company, Calcutta, 2005.
Thomas M. Cooley: The General Principles of Constitutional Law in the United
States of America, Hindustan Law Book Company
B. Prescribed Legislations
You will be examined in this course by Internal (40%) and External Assessment
(60%) format. Internal examination will be conducted for 40 marks. It will include
two tutorials (10 marks each) and a Research Project (20 marks). The Symbiosis
International University will conduct external written examination for 60 marks at
the end of the semester. It consists of ten objectives, 2 mark each (20 marks) and
4 subjective/cases and open problems/questions 10 Marks each with an alternative
(40 marks).
6. PROJECT/TUTORIAL
There will be two tutorials. The first tutorial will be a theoretical question to judge
your understanding and knowledge of constitutional law. Learners will not be
allowed to refer to class-notes, reading-material as well as text books. The second
tutorial shall be a problem-based question to test how you apply your knowledge of
constitutional law to a given case situation. You will be allowed to refer to your
class notes or books in the second tutorial. Each tutorial will carry 10 marks each
(Total=20 marks). Each learner will attempt it on both occasions.
Tutorial:
Date
Tutorial Test Result Topic
Date: Date:
Second September September Modules 4-8
23, 2016 30, 2016
Project Assignments:
Submission
Interim Final
submission submission Result
Assignment
Date:
Date: July 18, October
2016 Date: Date: 08, 2016
August 16, September
2016 30, 2016
Discussion:
Constitutional Law-I
24
B. Tutorial & Presentation Skills
The tutorials will give you an opportunity for assessing your learning of
Constitutional Law. The better you are prepared to take part in the test, the
more you will learn. Tutorials provide you with an opportunity to develop both
writing and presentation skills with sound argument. Try to make the most of
the learning opportunities provided by these tutorials. In order to achieve the
objectives of presentation and problem solving skills, two tutorials are scheduled
in this semester.
1. Tutorial – Theoretical questions:
Students are asked to pay special attention to the importance of Constitutional
Law and how validity of other laws is tested on the touchstones of constitutional
principles. The focus of a written test will be to judge their theoretical
understanding of the subject. Some current legal issues will be used to enable
students to grasp the complex constitutional issues in a better manner. Students
will be required to study, IN ADVANCE OF THE TUTORIAL, of the relevant
sections of suggested readings and the relevant case law. Students are expected
to write two-page answers to the stated question in the given tutorial.
These answers, written, will form the basis of the tutorial proceedings. It is
aimed at improving the writing, research, communication, and presentation
skills. It will not be an open book test.
The idea is to assess whether a student has been able to apply the theoretical
understanding of constitutional principles to a given case situation or not. They
will be given a constitutional problem and asked to prepare an answer to the
given case/s in the given tutorial. Here is a “rough guide” to the headings under
which any case should be discussed/decided:
1. Case History/background: What was the legal basis of the appellant’s claim?
Which was the previous judicial forum/court that decided the case? When was
the case decided? What is the verdict of the lower court(s), if it originated in a
subordinate court?
2. Material Facts: Only material facts need to be discussed. Rest can be ignored?
3. Key Question: Students need to identify the precise constitutional question or
questions involved in the case.
4. Case law: Each student is expected to discuss the case law on the given topic
in detail to explain the past and present legal position and allude to the current
constitutional trend. You can cite foreign cases, wherever you feel, it’s needed.
4. Decision: You can agree with the findings of the previous court or overturn
the decision.
5. Supporting arguments and application of law. Students are expected to give
cogent arguments in support of their decision and explain why they agree or
disagree with the previous court’s decision. They are also expected to judiciously
cite decided cases in support of their decision.
6. Obiter Dicta: If you wish, you can express your opinion on the issue in hand.
7. Order: Appeal allowed or dismissed.
To understand the method, students can ask the faculty about it in the class or
after the class.
C. Research Project:
Research project is aimed at improving the writing, research, and
communication and presentation skills to make students’ learning academically
more challenging. The rigor required over here is more than the usual lecture
and test format courses. It aims at promoting scholarship in the field of
constitutional law, which keeps evolving with every verdict delivered by the
Supreme Court. It also aims to enhance learning capability by research amongst
the learners, creative a forum for enhancing a greater dialogue between the
scholarly community, policymakers and practitioners. The details about the rules
of submission are annexed with this document. (Refer to Annexure A)
Project – Interim Submission – Guidelines: Please note that you are required to
submit to Mr. Satya Prakash, hard copy of the Interim submission (not more
than two sides of a page) of your project on the date of submission. It should
comprise of Details of the Learner (Name, PRN, Division and Programme), Title
of the Project, Introduction to the Project, Synopsis of the Project and the
Conclusion. Interim submission will be evaluated out of 5 marks.
Project – Final Submission – Guidelines: You will submit one bound copy of the
Project along with the hard copy of the approved interim submission (original) to
Mr. Satya Prakash on the date of submission. Final Project will be evaluated out
of 10 marks.
7. ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS
The course in-charge for Constitutional Law I is Mr. Satya Prakash. In case you face
any problem in dealing with the subject, feel free to see the concerned
faculty. Notices relating to the course will be posted online on
www.curiosity.symlaw.edu.in
The Maximum Marks for the project are 20 (Stage I & Stage II, 09 marks each,
Interim, 02 marks)
The final copy of the project should be presented in accordance with the following
specifications:
1. The paper used for printing shall be of A4 size.
2. Printing shall be in a standardized form, on both sides of the paper and in one-
and-a-half spacing.
Font: Verdana
Font Size: Main Heading 16(Bold), Sub Heading 14(Bold) and text 12
Text should be Justified
MS Word: 2003-7 Version, Page layout: left-1.5 cm, top-right-bottom-1 cm.
Word Limit: 2000-2500 Maximum
4. The title of the project, name of the candidate, degree, faculty, university,
month and year of submission, and the name of the research guide with his/her
designation and full official address shall be printed on the first page and on the
front cover. (See Appendix B)
5. A certificate (Appendix „C‟) affirming that the research work of the candidate
is original, and that the material, if any, borrowed from other sources and
incorporated in the thesis has been duly acknowledged should be signed by the
candidate and counter signed by the research guide. It should also state that the
candidate himself/herself will be held responsible and accountable for plagiarism, if
any, detected later. 6. The first few pages of the project should be given as per
Appendix „C‟.
7. Bibliography should be written alphabetically and given as per Appendix „D‟.
Appendix-B
Front-Page and Cover
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
Submitted by
----------------------------------------
In
Month, year
Name of guide
-----------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
25
Appendix C
CERTIFICATE
The material borrowed from other sources and incorporated in the thesis has
been duly acknowledged.
Date:
26
Appendix D
RULES OF CITATION/BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Bibliography should contain a list of all the books, journals, articles and
pamphlets that the researcher has consulted during the course of the study. It
should be arranged alphabetically.
The entries in the bibliography should be made adopting the following order:
For books the order should be as under:
1. Name of author, last name first, followed by initials
2. Title of book in italics
3. Place, publisher and year of publication
4. Number of edition/volume.
5. The pagination
E.g., Kothari, CR. “Quantitative Techniques”, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., 1978, pp 43-46.
In case you use book by two or more authors then citation should be
written in the following way:
Kothari, CR., & Kothari, RC “Quantitative Techniques”, New Delhi, Vikas
Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd., 1978, pp 43-46.
Kothari, CR., Kothari, RC &Patil, CR, “Quantitative Techniques”, New Delhi, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 1978, pp 43-46.
For journals, articles and pamphlets the order should be as under:
1. Name of author, last name first followed by initials
2. Title of article, in quotation marks
3. Name of periodical, in italics
4. The volume and number of journal or periodical
5. Place, publisher and year of publication
6. The pagination
Robert, VR. “Coping with Short-term International Money Flows”, the
Banker,
London, Vol VII, No 4, Sept 1991, p 995
In case you use an article by two or more authors then citation should
be written in the following way:
Robert, VR, & Robert, RV, “Coping with Short-term International Money Flows”,
the
27
Banker, London, Vol VII, No 4, Sept 1991, p 995.
Robert, VR., Robert, RV & Michael, VR, “Coping with Short-term International
Money Flows”, the Banker, London, VII, No 4, Sept 1991, p 995.
Schredl, M., Brenner, C., &Faul, C. (2002), “Positive Attitude towards Dreams:
Reliability and Stability of Ten-item Scale”, North American Journal of
Psychology,
4, 343-346. Retrieved on December 16, 2004 from Academic Search Premier
Database.
NON-PERIODICAL DOCUMENTS ON THE INTERNET
In place of the above rules of citation, if student feels to use „Blue Book of
Citation‟, it is authorised. Copy of the same is available in the Symbiosis Law
School, NOIDA library on request.
28