Modul Perkuliahan EPC

MODUL PERKULIAHAN
Mata Kuliah English for Proficiency Certification

(EPC)
Modul 4:
Further Exercises and Discussion on Next Skills of Listening, Structure, and

Reading Section
Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

Bahasa Program ________ Tim Dosen
Studi Bahasa Inggris
S1 01
Abstract Kompetensi
Bab ini membahas dan Mahasiswa mampu
mengeksplorasi jenis-jenis mengidentifikasi jenis pertanyaan
pertanyaan dan persoalan yang dan permasalahan yang diujikan
diujikan dalam TOEFL, baik dalam dalam soal TOEFL.
listening, structure dan reading
section.
1 Listening Section : Short Dialogue IV
(Wishes, Untrue Conditions, Idiomatic Expression)
SKILLS 11. LISTEN FOR WISHES
Conversations about wishes can appear in the short dialogues. The important idea to
remember about wishes is that a wish implies that the opposite of the wish is true.
In this dialogue the man wishes that he could go with the others on the trip, so the
implied meaning is that he is unable to go. The correct answer is therefore answer (B). The
following chart outlines the key points that you should know about wishes:
* Remember that were is used instead of was in wishes. I wish I were going.
12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran
2 Tim Dosen http://www.widyatama.ac.id
LISTENING EXERCISE 11
In this exercise, underline the wish in each short dialogue. Then read the question and choose
the best answer to that question. Remember that the best answer is one that implies the opposite
of what is said.
TOEFL LISTENING EXERCISE 11
In this exercise, listen carefully to each short dialogue and question on the recording, and then
choose the best answer to the question. You should remember that a wish implies an opposite
meaning.

SKILLS 12. LISTEN FOR UNTRUE CONDITIONS
Conversations containing conditions can appear in the short dialogues. The

important idea to remember about conditions is that a condition implies that the opposite of
the condition is true.
In this question, the condition If I had time implies that the opposite is true: The woman does
not have time for the party, so it's impossible to go. Therefore, the best answer to this question
is answer (D).

The following box outlines the key points that you should know about untrue
conditions:
*Remember that were is used instead of was in untrue conditions: "If I were there, I would help."
**This has the same meaning as "If I had had money...."Note that the subject and "had" are inverted.
In this exercise, underline the condition in each short dialogue. Then read the question and
choose the best answer to that question. Remember that the best answer is one that implies the
opposite of what is said.

choose the best answer to the question. You should be particularly careful of untrue conditions.

SKILLS 13. LISTEN FOR IDIOMS
Idioms appear in some questions in the short dialogues. Idioms are special expressions
in a language that all speakers of the language know; these special expressions describe one
situation in life but are applied to many different areas of life. Idiom questions can be difficult
for students because they seem to be describing one situation when they are really describing
a different situation.
In this question, the idiom burning the candle at both ends has nothing to do with
candles and nothing to do with burning or fires, so answers (A), (B), and (D) are not correct.
Instead, this idiom is an expression that is used in a situation when someone is trying to do
more than he or she really can do; after all, a candle usually only burns at one end, so a candle
that burns at two ends is doing too much. Therefore, the best answer to the question above is
answer (C).

In this exercise, underline the idiom in each short dialogue. Then, read the question and choose
the best answer to that question. Remember that the best answer is one that might not seem to
be related to the idiom in the last line.
choose the best answer to the question. You should be particularly careful of idioms.

TOEFL LISTENING EXERCISE (SKILLS 1 – 13)
choose the best answer to the question.

2 Structure Section: What’s Missing?
(Problem with Complements)
After identifying what’s missing, sometimes you have to check further on the missing part. A
sentence sometimes needs complement to complete the meaning and to make the sentence
better and easy to comprehend. When the missing part of the sentence is the complement, then
there are some rules of English Grammar on complement you should remember, as follow:
1. Complement in the sentence could be in the form of noun, adverb, or adjective.

SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT
The man is a teacher Noun
The beautiful woman is dancing beautifully in the Adverb
orchestra
The new raincoat is expensive Adjective
2. Noun as a complement could be a word or phrase or clause that identify people, places,
things, and ideas. Nouns can be categorized as either common or proper. Common
nouns name general people, places, things, and ideas, while proper nouns name
specific people, places, things, and ideas.
3. Adverb as a complement is a word or phrase or clause that add information to the verb
about the manner (how something done), the frequency (how often), the time and date
(when), and the duration of time ( how long).
a. Adverb of Manners
Adverb that answer the question how? So, they describe the manner in which
sentence is done. It is usually end in –ly.
Examples:
INCORRECT : Please write exact as your teacher says.
CORRECT : Please write exactly as your teacher says.
INCORRECT : After the explanation, Adrian understood Math perfect.
CORRECT : After the explanation, Adrian understood Math perfectly.

b. Adverb of Frequency
Adverb to describe how frequently we do an activity and it answers the question how
often?.
Examples:
We always go to Lombok to celebrate New Year eve.
I usually have porridge for my breakfast.
She never swims in the sea.
c. Adverb of Time
Adverbs to tell us when an action happened, how long the action happened. It is
usually placed in the end of the sentence. But it also can be placed in the beginning
of the sentence to give a different emphasis.
Examples:
He will call me soon.
We did many researches last year.
Later he ate some salad for his dinner.
The writers stayed in Japan for several weeks.
d. Further about Adverb

1) Adverbs of manner: fast, late, and hard
Although most adverbs of manner end in –ly, but fast, late, and hard do not
have –ly end.
Examples:
Yesterday the secretary came late.
The athlete runs fast to win the race.
Even though my roommate studied as hard as she could, she did not pass the
final exam.
2) Adverb of frequency: sometime and sometimes

There are differences between sometime and sometimes.
Sometime means at some time in the indefinite future and usually used after
verb and it answers the question, when?.
Sometimes means occasionally and usually used at the beginning or end of a
sentence or a clause and it answers the question, how often?.
Examples:
Bandung is cool now, but sometimes it gets warm also. (occasionally)
Why don’t you call me sometime? (no specific date in the future)
3) Negative emphasis Adverb

It includes not one, not once, not until, never, never again, only rarely, very
seldom. Negatives answer the question, how often? They are used at the
beginning of a statement to express emphasis. And don’t forget that auxiliaries
must agree with verbs and subjects.
Examples:
INCORRECT : Never again I will watch that movie.
CORRECT : Never again will I watch that movie.
INCORRECT : Not once Ivan and Ramon have visited Bali.
CORRECT : Not once have Ivan and Ramon visited Bali.
4) Introductory Adverbial Modifiers – Once

Once means at one time in the past. Once answers the question, when? Once is
often used as an introductory adverbial modifier. It modifies the main subject
that follows the clause. Avoid using that before once.
Examples:
INCORRECT : That once a student at University, she is now an engineer for
oil company.
CORRECT : Once a student at University, she is now an engineer for oil
company.
INCORRECT : It was once Republicans, we usually vote for Democtratic
candidates.
CORRECT : Once Republicans, we usually vote for Democtratic candidates.

5) No Longer
No longer means not any more. No longer is often used between the auxiliary
verb and the main verb. It answers the question, when?.
Avoid using not and none instead of no.
Examples:
INCORRECT : I can not longer interested in majoring accounting.
CORRECT : I can no longer interested in majoring accounting.
INCORRECT : She none longer stays in my apartment.
CORRECT : She no longer stays in my apartment.
INCORRECT : The woman you want to talk is no long in that meeting room.
CORRECT : The woman you want to talk is no longer in that meeting
room.
6) Adverb of time – duration – For and Since

Both for and since are used to express the duration of time. But remember for
+ a period of time ( for six years, for a month, for three hours ) and since + a
point in time ( since last night, since one hour ago, since yesterday).
INCORRECT : I have been in London since one week.
CORRECT : I have been in London for one week.
INCORRECT : She hasn’t seen her children since almost two months.
CORRECT : She hasn’t seen her children for almost two months.
INCORRECT : We have known each other before 2017.
CORRECT : We have known each other since 2017.
7) Dates
Dates use ordinal number and it answers the question, when?. There is an
expected pattern for dates of the month.
Examples:
INCORRECT : I have been in London since one week.
CORRECT : I have been in London for one week.
INCORRECT : She hasn’t seen her children since almost two months.
CORRECT : She hasn’t seen her children for almost two months.
INCORRECT : We have known each other before 2017.
CORRECT : We have known each other since 2017.
4. Adjective as complement is a word or phrase or clause that describes or clarifies a

noun. Adjectives describe nouns by giving some information about an object’s size,
shape, age, color, origin or material.
a. Adjectives Ending in –ed and –ing

An –ing noun or present participle can be either an adjective or a part of the verb.
When function as an adjective, it usually expresses cause and it is not accompanied
by some form of the be. It is derived from an active verb. Past participle (-ed) can
be either an adjective or a part of the verb. An –ed adjective usually expresses
result. It is derived from a passive verb. An –ed adjective is not accompanied by
some form of be or have.
Examples:
INCORRECT : The lecturers were surprising by the results of the test.
CORRECT : The lecturers were surprised by the results of the test.
INCORRECT : The petition has been signed by concerning citizens.
CORRECT : The petition has been signed by concerned citizens.
INCORRECT : The cried baby needs to be picked up.
CORRECT : The crying baby needs to be picked up.
b. Hyphenated Adjectives
Each word in a hyphenated adjective is an adjective and does not change form,
singular or plural. Avoid using a plural form for any of the adjectives joined by
hypens even when the noun that follows is plural.
Examples:
INCORRECT : We have a five-years-old boy.
CORRECT : We have a five-year-old boy.
INCORRECT : A four-doors car is cheaper than a two-doors model.
CORRECT : A four-door car is cheaper than a two-doors model.

5. Nouns as Adjectives
When two nouns occur together, it means that the first noun is an adjectives that
describes the second noun. And the noun that function as adjective do not change form,
singular or plural. Remember to avoid using a plural form for the first noun even when
the second noun is plural and avoid using a possessive form for the first noun.
Examples:
INCORRECT : Aldy always remembers my telephone’s number.
CORRECT : Aldy always remembers my telephone number.
INCORRECT : Can you send me some notebooks paper?
CORRECT : Can you send me some notebook paper?
INCORRECT : There are many new stuffs at the shoes store.
CORRECT : There are many new stuffs at the shoes store.
6. Adjectives with verbs of the senses and linking verbs.

Linking verbs and verbs of the senses are followed by an adjective not by an adverb.
The verbs are: appear feel seem sound
be look smell prove
become taste
Examples:
INCORRECT : The medicine tastes badly, but it makes me better.
CORRECT : The medicine tastes bad, but it makes me better.
INCORRECT : The children became happily after the party.
CORRECT : The children became happy after the party.
INCORRECT : My director appeared rather unhappily at what had happened.
CORRECT : My director appeared rather unhappy at what had happened.
7. Comparatives Adjectives.
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they
modify (larger, smaller, faster, higher). They are used in sentences where two nouns
are compared, in this pattern:

Noun (subject) + verb + comparative adjective + than + noun (object).
The second item of comparison can be omitted if it is clear from the context.
Examples:
My house is bigger than hers.
Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack better. ("than Jim" is understood)
8. Superlative Adjectives
Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit
of a quality (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest). They are used in sentences
where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object).
The group that is being compared with can be omitted if it is clear from the context
(final example below).
Examples:
My house is the biggest one in our neighborhood.
She is the prettiest of all the girls in our class.
We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock flew the highest.
("of all the rocks" is understood)
9. Regular Comparatives and Superlatives

a. One Syllable Adjectives
Add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. If the adjective has a
consonant + single vowel + consonant spelling, the final consonant must be
doubled before adding the ending.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Tall Taller The tallest
Short shorter The shortest
Small smaller The smallest
Rich richer The richest
Poor Poorer The poorest

b. Two Syllables
Adjectives with two syllables can form the comparative either by adding -er or by
preceeding the adjective with more. These adjectives form the superlative either by
adding -est or by preceeding the adjective with most. In many cases, both forms are
used, although one usage will be more common than the other. If you are not sure
whether a two-syllable adjective can take a comparative or superlative ending, play
it safe and use more and most instead. For adjectives ending in y, change the y to
an i before adding the ending.
Happy Happier Happiest
Simple Simpler Simplest
Tilted More tilted Most tilted
Tangled More tangled Most tangled
c. Three or More Syllables

Adjectives with three or more syllables form the comparative by putting more in
front of the adjective, and the superlative by putting most in front.
Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
Important More important The most important
Expensive More expensive The most expensive
Difficult More difficult The most difficult
10. Irregular Comparatives And Superlatives

These very common adjectives have completely irregular comparative and
superlative forms.
ADJECITVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
Good Beeter The best
Bad Worse The worst
Little Less The least
Much More The most
Far Further/farther The furthest/the farthest
Examples:
Today is the worst day I've had in a long time.
You play tennis better than I do.
This is the least expensive sweater in the store.

This sweater is less expensive than that one.
I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran even farther today.
11. Comparative Adverbs

Adverbs also have a comparative form to compare two verb actions and a superlative
form to compare three or more verb actions. Remember to avoid using –er with adverbs
of more than one syllable even when they end in –ly.
more adverb (two+ syllables) than
less adverb (two + syllables)
adverb –er (one syllable)
I finished the test more rapidly than Putra
I finished the test less rapidly than Putra
I finished the test faster than Putra
12. Further about Comparison
DEGREES EXAMPLE AVOID

The same as Used between the My bag is the Avoid using to and
two nouns same as this one. like.
compared
The same Used after the two My bag and this Avoid using to and
nouns or plural one are the same. like.
noun These bags are the Avoid using the
same. same between two
nouns compared
Similar to Used between the My bag is similar Avoid using as.
two nouns to this one.
compared
Similar Used after the two My bag and this Avoid using as.
nouns or plural one are similar.
noun These bags are
similar.
Like Used between the My bag is like this Avoid using as.
two nouns one.
compared
Alike Used after the two My bag and this Avoid using as.
nouns or plural one are alike.
noun These bags are
alike.

Different from Used between the My bag is Avoid using to and
two nouns different from this from
compared one.
Different Used after the two My bag and this Avoid using to and
nouns or plural one are different. than
noun These bags are
different.
To differ from Differ is a verb, so Intan is different Avoid using BE
it must agree with from other with differ
the subject. women.
Intan differs from
other women.
More than Used before the Mr. B has more Avoid using more
specific number to than two cars in without than in
express an his garage. estimates.
estimate that may Avoid using as
be a little more instead of than.
than the number.
Less than Used before the Mr. B has less Avoid using less
specific number to than two cars in without than in
express an his garage. estimates.
estimate that may Avoid using as
be a little less than instead of than.
the number.
As many as Used before a The secretary Avoid using much
specific number. should have as
many as ten
applications.
STRUCTURE EXERCISE 1
Indicate if the sentences correct or incorrect.

e.g. The medication relieves fever fastly. (incorrect, it should be fast not fastly)
1. The president was born in Bandung on the twenty March 1978.

2. We have been waiting for the bus since one hour.
3. The secretary not longer works with Prof. Terry.
4. Not one research they have finished on time.
5. Because the patient registered lately, so they have to wait for the doctor longer than
others.

Identify the elements of each sentence.
e.g. The smashed potatoes are serving right now for the special guests.
adjective subject verb
1. My boy is serving drinks on the tiled patio.

2. Arin rapidly increased the speed of the racing car.
3. The shining stars lit up the darkened sky.
4. The excited children are trying to build a snowman in the falling snow.
5. Passangers registered in the flight are listed on the paper.
STRATEGIES:
1. Locate the VERB first to identify what’s missing from a sentence easier.
2. When you have identified what’s missing, study the OPTIONS.
3. When the missing part is the SUBJECT, then choose the option that could form a
subject (see rules no. 2)
4. When the missing part is the VERB, then choose the option that could form a verb
(see rules no. 3 and 4)
5. When the sentence is a multiple-clause sentence, identify whether each clause has
a subject and a verb, and also check whether the sentence has A
CONJUNCTION/CONNECTOR to connect each clauses.
6. There are TWO options that you could likely eliminate right away.
7. REMEMBER, DO NOT waste your time trying to understand each every words in
the sentence.

TOEFL STRUCTURE EXERCISE 1
Choose the option that best completes the sentence. Follow the strategies suggested above.
e.g. ... is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth.
a. Calcium
b. That calcium
c. Although calcium
d. It is calcium
How you do it:

1) Find the VERB. The verb of this sentence is ‘IS’.
2) Identify the missing part. The missing part of this sentence is THE SUBJECT,
which means it only needs a noun to form the subject.
3) Check THE OPTIONS. Option (c) and (d) could be eliminated right away,
because it doesn’t need another verb from option (d)); and it doesn’t need any
conjuction (although) from option (c) since it only has ONE CLAUSE, “
a. Calcium
b. That calcium
c. Although calcium
d. It is calcium
4) The best answer is (a), because the sentence discusses “Calsium” in general
context.
This steps approximately takes 5 – 20 seconds.
1. ... That the English settled in Jamestown C. Even though

A. In 1607 that it was D. Nonetheless
B. That in i607
C. Because in 1607 4. ... air is composed of about 78 percent
D. It was in 1607 nitrogen and only about 21 percent
oxygen, is a little known fact on the
2. Staying in a hotel costs ... renting a streets.
room in a dormitory for a week. A. How that
A. twice more than B. That
B. twice as much as C. When
C. as much twice as D. However
D. as much as twice
5. … he was seen to be an aggressive
3. ... getting the highest result in the class, politician, he was a quiet and loving
John still had problems with the family man at home.
teacher. A. Although
A. Despite of B. Despite
B. Inspite of C. In spite of
D. Nevertheless A. brightly
B. bright
6. … the variable drops by a unit of 1, the C. brighter
rank drops by X amount. D. more bright
A. Why
B. Whenever 13. In the northern United States, two
C. How European species of small white birch
D. What … planted as ornamentals.
A. extensive
7. This method is widely used … B. extensively
algorithm is not only effective but also C. are extensively
very simple. D. is extensively
A. because its
B. because 14. The telephone works by changing the
C. it is because voice’s sound waves into … signals.
D. because of its A. electrically
B. electrical
8. Mary Garden, ... the early 1900’s was C. electricity
considered one of the best singing D. electric
actresses of her time.
A. a soprano was popular 15. Sounds quitter than 10 decibles are …
B. in a popular soprano for the human ear to hear.
C. was a popular soprano A. possible
D. a popular soprano in B. possibly
C. impossible
9. Matthew feels … angry about the issue. D. impossibly
A. terrible
B. very terrible 16. According to communication theory,
C. terribly after the message leaves the sender, he
D. is terribly … controls it.
A. not longer
10. The receptionist in that hotel answered B. none longer
the phone …. C. longer doesn’t
A. careless D. no longer
B. careful
C. is careful 17. Penguins, the most highly specialized
D. carefully of all aquatic birds, may live …
twenty years.
11. The planet Mercury has ... elliptical A. before
orbit. B. since
A. moderate C. for
B. moderately D. from
C. very moderate
D. a moderate 18. Memorial Day, a holiday set aside to
remember those who have died, is
12. An 18-watt fluorescent bulb seems as usually celebrated on ….
… as a 75-watt incandescent bulb. A. may twenty
B. the twentieth may 22. Simple sails were made from
C. may twentieth canvas … over a frame.
D. twentieth may A. a stretch
B. stretched
19. Not until the Triassic Period …. C. was stretched
A. the first primitive mammals D. it was stretched
develop
B. the first primitive mammals did 23. Techniques of breath control
develop form an essent ial part of any ...
C. did the first primitive mammals program to improve the voice.
develop A. it trains
D. did develop the first primitive B. trains
mammals C. train
D. training
20. A symbol of the ancient competition,
the Olympic flame burns … 24. The cornea is located under the
throughout the games. conjunct iva, on … of the eye.
A. in a continuous way A. the part is exposed
B. continuously B. exposed the part
C. continuous C. the exposed part
D. continual D. exposes part.
21. The first … appeared during the last 25. The evolut ion of vertebrates
period of the dinosours’ reign. suggests development from a
A. flowers are plants very simple heart in fish to a
B. plants have flowered ….
C. flowering plants A. four-chamber heart
D. plants flower B. four-chambers heart
C. four-chamber hearts
D. four-chamber’s heart

3 Reading Section : Identifying Reference
Questions
The reference reading question is similar to the vocabulary type. A word is highlighted
in the passage and you are asked what the highlighted word refers to. The word are usually:
 a particular pronoun or adjective (the noun to which a pronoun or adjective
refers)
 a third person subject pronoun (fig, she, it, the y),
 a third person object pronoun (his, her, it,),
 a relative pronoun (who, which, where, etc)
 a third person possessive adjective (his, her, its, their)
 a third person possessive pronoun (his, hers, theirs)
 a demonstrative pronoun or adjective (this, that, these, those)
 or for a quantifier (one, some, any very).
A referent generally precedes the pronoun or adjective in the passage; thus, to

answer this type of question, you should study the context around the pronoun or adjective
carefully and look for a referent that the noun or pronoun in front of the pronoun or
adjective.
Look at an example of a question that asks for the referent of the subject pronoun.
Example 1
Formation of Tornadoes
A tornado is created when warm, moist air rises from the ground and comes into contact
with a mass of colder air at bottom of a thundercloud. The rising air pushes against the chair,
and the rotation of the earth causes the air to spin, in much same way that water in a sink
spins as it goes down a drain.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is much lower than that in the air surrounding the
tornado. The low pressure creates a funnel in the middle of the tornado, which causes
destruction by acting much like a vacuum cleaner and sucking up whatever is in its path.

1. The word it in the paragraph 1 refers to:
A. Way
B. Water
C. Sink
D. Drain
In this example, you are asked to find the referent for the subject pronoun it. You should
study the context around the singular pronoun it and look for a singular noun in in front of it
that fits into the context. The context around the pronoun states that enter in a sick spins
as it goes down a drain. From this context, it can be determined that if refers to word because
it is refer that goes down a drain.
Example 2
with a mass of colder air at bottom of a thundercloud. The rising air pushes against the cair,
2. The word that in the paragraph 2 refers to:

A. Pressure
B. Tornado
C. Center
D. Center
In this example, you are asked to find the referent for the demonstrative pronoun that. You should
study the context around the singular pronoun and look for a singular noun in front of that that
fits into the context. The context around the pronoun states that the pressure at the center of
tornadoes is much lower than that in the air surrounding the tornado From this context, it can be
determined that refers to pressure because it pressure at the center of a tornado that is much
1ower than pressure in the air surrounding the tornado. To answer this question, Finally, look at
an example of a question that asks for the referent to the relative pronoun which

Example 3
with a mass of colder air at bottom of a thundercloud. The rising air pushes against the chair,
3. The word which in paragraph 2 refers to?

A. Funnel
B. Middle
C. Tornado
D. Vacuum Cleaner
In this example, 3 you are asked to find the referent for the relative pronoun. You should study
the context around the relative pronoun which and took for- a noun in front of which that fits
into the context. The context around the pronoun mentions a funnel in the middle of the tornado,
which causes destruction by acting much like a vacuum cleaner. From this context, it can be
determined that which refers to funnel that causes destruction by acting like a vacuum cleaner.
STRATEGIES FOR REFERENCE QUESTIONS

READING EXERCISE 1
Read the following passage. The numbered reference words in bold print are listed after the
passage, write the word that it refers to.
Although crude and inefficient at first, gas and electric stoves eliminated the
drudgery and inconvenience associated with coal and wood-burning ranges. They1 offer
conveniences undreamed of a few years ago.
With automatic time clocks and controls, oven and top burners can be set to turn
on and turn off at specified times. Heat controls set and regulate temperatures. Ovens are
equipped with automatic meat probes that 2 signal when it3 is properly done. Broilers with
infrared rays cook at twice the speed of conventional broilers. They4 are large enough to
broil or barbecue a roast or fowl. Picture windows in an oven give a clear view of what is
happening inside it5. Pilot lights on gas stoves are being replaced by an ignition system
that6 lights a flame an instant after the gas is turned on.
By 1963 new developments in porcelain, enamel, heat controls and burners had
made possible the self-cleaning oven. It 7 first appeared in the electric stove and was
adapted for gas ranges five years later.
The electronic range, originally made only for commercial use, became generally
available in smaller models for home use in 1968. It 8 bakes potato in five minutes ad a
steak in a minute and a half. The electronic range acts like a small radar station. It 9 sends
out microwaves that 10 penetrate the food, setting up heat-producing activity that 11 cooks
it12. During the cooking process, neither the cooking utensils nor the walls of the oven
become hot.
1. They ...................................... 7. It ......................................

2. That ...................................... 8. It ......................................
3. It ...................................... 9. It ......................................
4. They ...................................... 10. That ......................................
5. It ...................................... 11. That ......................................
6. That ...................................... 12. It ......................................

TOEFL READING EXERCISE 1
Read the following passage. Then, chose the correct answer to each questions.
1 Employment consists of work in some specific occupation. In today’s world, with

its myriad of products and its highly technical productive processes, there are many
thousands of distinguishable occupations. These may be classified into a few broad
categories. It is usual to distinguish manual labor, sometimes referred to as “blue-
5 collar” work, from “white-collar” work- a broad category that includes clerical,
technical, professional, and managerial work. Manual labor is often classified as
unskilled, semiskilled, and skilled labor. Managerial work tends to be the most
highly paid form or employment. This is due to the fact that superior management
of an organization can bring about sufficiently large monetary savings or gains to
10 enable a superior manager to demand high compensation in return.
1. The pronoun “its” in line 1 refers to B. “white-collar” work

.... C. category
A. employment D. labor
B. myriad of products
C. today’s world 4. The pronoun “this” in line 8 refers
D. technical productive processes to ....
A. superior manager seldom
2. The pronoun “these” in line 3 demands compensation in
refers to .... return
A. categories B. “white-collar” work
B. occupations C. managerial work earns the
C. products highest payment form or
D. blue collar and white collar employment.
works D. inferior management of an
organization brings about
3. The pronoun “that” in line 5 refers huge monetary gains
to ....
A. “blue-collar” work

TOEFL READING EXERCISE 2
Study each of the passages, and choose the best answers to the questions that follow:
TEXT 1
Animal Congregation
Many types of animals combine the advantages of family association with those conferred by
membership in still larger groups. Bees congregate in hives; some fish move in schools; ants
gather in mounds; wolves live in packs; deer associate in herds. The main advantage of
membership in a mass community is the safety that it provides. A large group(s) of prey
may be easier for a predator to find at any given point than is a small one, and a predator may
think twice before taking on such a group; if a predator does decide to challenge a large group,
it may merely encounter a confusing mass of moving bodies and possibly may not succeed in
its primary goal.
1. The word those in the passage refers to 3. The word one in the passage refers to
…. ….
A. types A. group
B. animals B. prey
C. advantages C. predator
D. groups D. point
2. The word it in line 4 refers to …. 4. The word it in line 7 refers to ….

A. advantage A. predator
B. membership B. group
C. community C. mass
D. safety D. goal
TEXT 2
Chromium Compounds
Most chromium compounds have brightly colored hues, and as a result they are widely used
as coloring agents, or pigments, in paints. In addition to having a pleasing color, a paint must
protect the surface to which it is applied and be easy to apply in a thin, uniform coat.
All paints consist of two parts. One is a powder of solid particles that is the source of the color
and the opaqueness and is known as the pigment. The other, called the binder, is the liquid
into which the pigment is blended. The binder used in some paints is made from oily solvents
such as those derived from petroleum resources. When applied, these solvents evaporate,
leaving deposits of pigment on the surface.
5. The word they in paragraph 1 refers to 7. The word that in paragraph 2 refers to
…. ….
A. a powder
A. chromium compounds
B. solid particles
B. brightly colored hues
C. the source
C. coloring agents
D. the color
D. pigments
6. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to 8. The word which in paragraph 2 refers
…. to ….
A. a pleasing color A. powder

B. a paint B. paint
C. the surface
C. liquid
D. a thin uniform coat
D. pigment
TEXT 3
New World Epidemics
A huge loss of life resulted from the introduction of Old World diseases into the Americas
in the early sixteenth century. The inhabitants of the Americas were separated from Asia,
Africa, and Europe by rising oceans following the Ice Ages, and, as a result, they were
isolated by means of this watery barrier from numerous virulent epidemic diseases that had
developed across the ocean, such as measles, smallpox, pneumonia, and malaria.
Pre-Columbian Americans had a relatively disease-free environment but also lacked the
antibodies needed to protect them from bacteria and viruses brought to America by European
explorers and colonists. A devastating outbreak of disease that strikes for the first time
against a completely unprotected population is known as a virgin soil epidemic. Virgin soil
epidemics contributed to an unbelievable decline in the population of native inhabitants of
the Americas, one that has been estimated at as much as an 80 percent decrease of the native
population in the centuries following the arrival of Europeans in the Americas

9. The word they in the passage refers to 11. The word them in the passage refers
…. to ….
A. the inhabitants A. pre-Columbian Americans

B. the antibodies
B. epidemic diseases
C. bacteria and viruses
C. rising oceans
D. European explorers and colonists
D. the Ice Ages
12. The word one in the passage refers to

10. The word that in the passage refers to ….
A. a disease-free environment A. a virgin soil
B. this watery barrier epidemic
C. virulent epidemic diseases B. an unbelievable decline
D. the ocean C. the population of
native inhabitants
D. the arrival of
Europeans

Modul Perkuliahan EPC

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MODUL PERKULIAHAN

Mata Kuliah English for Proficiency Certification

Further Exercises and Discussion on Next Skills of Listening, Structure, and

Fakultas Program Studi Tatap Muka Kode MK Disusun Oleh

SKILLS 11. LISTEN FOR WISHES

TOEFL LISTENING EXERCISE 11

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

Conversations containing conditions can appear in the short dialogues. The

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

TOEFL LISTENING EXERCISE 13

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

1. Complement in the sentence could be in the form of noun, adverb, or adjective.

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

d. Further about Adverb

2) Adverb of frequency: sometime and sometimes

3) Negative emphasis Adverb

4) Introductory Adverbial Modifiers – Once

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

6) Adverb of time – duration – For and Since

4. Adjective as complement is a word or phrase or clause that describes or clarifies a

a. Adjectives Ending in –ed and –ing

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

6. Adjectives with verbs of the senses and linking verbs.

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

9. Regular Comparatives and Superlatives

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

c. Three or More Syllables

10. Irregular Comparatives And Superlatives

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

11. Comparative Adverbs

12. Further about Comparison

DEGREES EXAMPLE AVOID

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

Indicate if the sentences correct or incorrect.

1. The president was born in Bandung on the twenty March 1978.

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

1. My boy is serving drinks on the tiled patio.

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

How you do it:

1. ... That the English settled in Jamestown C. Even though

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

A referent generally precedes the pronoun or adjective in the passage; thus, to

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

2. The word that in the paragraph 2 refers to:

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

3. The word which in paragraph 2 refers to?

STRATEGIES FOR REFERENCE QUESTIONS

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

1. They ...................................... 7. It ......................................

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

1 Employment consists of work in some specific occupation. In today’s world, with

1. The pronoun “its” in line 1 refers to B. “white-collar” work

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

2. The word it in line 4 refers to …. 4. The word it in line 7 refers to ….

6. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to 8. The word which in paragraph 2 refers

A. a pleasing color A. powder

12 EPC Module Biro Akademik dan Pembelajaran

A. the inhabitants A. pre-Columbian Americans

12. The word one in the passage refers to