SMART MATERIALS

BY
- VARSHAA
- SWETHA
- SHANMUGA PRIYA
- SHEHANNAZ
-SULAIMAN
INTELLIGENT / SMART GLASS:
GLASS IS FORMED BY THE FUSION
OF POTASH, LIME AND SILICA AT
HIGH TEMPERATURE

SMART GLASS HAS PROPERTIES THAT

CAN CHANGE IN RESPONSE TO
EXTERNAL STIMULI.

ITS LIGHT TRANSMISSION

PROPERTIES ARE ALTERED WHEN A
VOLTAGE, LIGHT OR HEAT ARE
APPLIED

SMART GLASS SWITCHES EITHER AUTOMATICALLY OR

MANUALLY AND CAN BE USED TO MANAGE GLARE THE AMOUNT
OF HEAT OR LIGHT TRANSMITTED AND SO ON.
 AUTOMATICALLY THE
VISIBILITY LEVEL IS CHANGED MANUALLY THE VISIBILITY
LEVEL HAS TO BE SET
THE PASSIVE SEGMENT IS FURTHER CLASSIFIED INTO PASSIVE
PHOTOCHROMIC AND PASSIVE THERMOCHROMIC. PASSIVE
PHOTOCHROMIC SMART WINDOWS PROVIDE A BROADER RANGE
OF DIMMABILITY AND HAVE MANY POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN
THE ARCHITECTURAL SECTOR. THIS SEGMENT HAD THE LARGEST
SHARE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR PASSIVE SMART
GLASS AND WINDOW
SPECIAL FEATURES SUCH AS THE ABILITY TO BLOCK UV LIGHT
AND FAST SWITCHING CAPABILITY, MEAN THAT SMART
GLASSES CAN BE PREFERRED OVER NORMAL GLASSES .

IN ADDITION, SMART WINDOWS REDUCE HEAT FORMATION

WITHIN VEHICLES AND ENSURES PASSENGER SAFETY.
 Self healing concrete:

Concrete is a core building material.

But even concrete starts to crumble
when it comes face-to-face with water,
wind, stress and pressure. The current
method of dealing with structural
instability in concrete has been to
replace or repair
Cra ck Leakag
s e

Non-responsive to environmental
stress!
Man-m ade
Natural
materials

Man-made: durable = d amag e

prevention
Living self-healing concrete!

Co n cre t e
+
Bacteri a inside!

M a n - m a d e / N a t u r a l c o m p o s i t e ma t e r i a l :
Du ra b l e + a d a p t i v e r e s p o n s e t o e n v i r o n m e n t a l
stress!
 SELF HEALING CONCRETE

> new type of smart concrete contains dormant

bacteria spores and calcium lactate in self-
contained pods.

>When these pods come into contact with water

they create limestone, filling up the cracks and
reinforcing the concrete.

>Self healing concrete is estimated to save up

t o 5 0 % o f c o n c r e t e ’s l i f e t i m e c o s t b y e l i m i n a t i n g
t h e n e e d f o r r e p a i r.
Self-healing concrete:

Limestone producing bacteria

inside!

Bacteri Calcium Limeston

a lactate e
Self-healing concrete:

Llim Cicatrisation « naturelle » < 180 m

CaCO
3

Massive
CaCO 3
0.6 precipitation
mm

Crack + w a t e r activates bacteria

limestone production crack-
healing
Self-healing concrete products

1. Self-healing c o n c r e t e

2. Self-healing r e p a i r
mortar

3. Liquid r e p a i r s y s t e m

Devel oped a t Delft University of

Technology
Self-healing concrete products

1. Self-healing c o n c r e t e

B a s e d on granular additive

S e a l s up to 1 m m wide
cracks
Self-healing c o n c r e t e p r o d u c t s

1. Self-healing c o n c r e t e -
Projects
Self-healing concrete products

2. Self-healing r e p a i r m o r t a r

Based on granular healing

agent

B a s e d o n PVA fibers
Low Healing
shrinkage agent
+
Ductile PVA fibres
behaviour
Strong
bonding
Self-healing concrete products

2. Self-healing r e p a i r m o r t a r -
Projects

Basement
walls
Self-healing concrete products
3. Liquid r e p a i r s y s t e m

Tw o - c o m p o n e n t liquid s p r a y

F o r ms firm gel,
c o n v e r t e d in t i m e t o l i m e s t o n e

F a s t a p p l i ca t ion ( 6 0 0 0 m 2 in 4 h o u r s )

I n c r e a s e s fro s t r e s i s t a n c e

Se a l s 0 . 2 m m c r a c k s in 1 t r e a t m e n t

Se a l s 0 . 2 – 0 . 6 m m c r a c k s in 2 - 3
treatments
 Self-healing c o n c r e t e p r o d u c t s

3. Liquid r e p a i r s y s t e m -
Projects

Sealing of cracks in p a r k i n g
decks
Self-healing concrete products

'Living concrete'
CONTROL OF SOLAR RADIATION
TRANSMITTING THROUGH THE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
SMART MATERIALS
 ELECTROCHROMICS

 PHOTOCHROMICS

 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS

LCDS

 LOUVER CONTROL SYSTEMS

Architectural Need Smart Material Products proposed Rating of
Application in Architecture in Optimization in
hot and dry hot and dry
climates climates

Control of solar Electrochromics Electrochromic 330%

radiation Glass systems
transmitting incorporating Metal
through the Oxides
building envelope Photochromics 270%
Photochromic 380%
Pigments 310%
Photochromic Glass
Liquid crystal Photochromic 170%
displays LCDs Plastics

430%
Louver control
systems _ exterior
radiation sensors Organic
(photovoltaics) _ Photovoltaic Cells
interior daylight (OPV)
sensors
 ELECTROCHROMICS ELECTROCHROM
MATERIALS

Electrochromism i
s the phenomenon
displayed by some
materials
of reversibly chan
ging colour by
using bursts
of charge to cause
electrochemical red
ELECTROCHROMISM ox reactions in
Electrochromic materials undergo a reversible and visible change in electrochromic
transmittance. The oxidation-reduction reactions are electrochemically materials.NiO
induced, using low voltages of the order of±1 V dc 1. As opposed to electro- materials have
optical materials that respond to the current with a change of refractive index, been widely
EC materials respond by effectively creating an absorption band at some studied as counter
wavelengths, which gives rise to a change in colour. The diagram, right, shows electrodes for
the elements of a layered EC film. As a voltage is induced across the complementary
electrodes, ions migrate between the electroactive and electrochromic layers. electrochromic
The electrons from the transparent conductors (electrodes) then alter the optical devices, in
properties. particular, smart
The chemicals within the electrochromic layer could be tungsten oxide, indium windows.
doped tin oxide (ITO), or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO).
 PHOTOCHROMICS
PHOTOCHROMISM
Photochromic materials change
Photochromism is the
reversibly colour with changes in
reversible transformation of
light intensity. Usually, they are
a chemical species between
colourless in a dark place, and
two forms by the absorption
when sunlight or ultraviolet
of electromagnetic
radiation is applied molecular
radiation, where the two
structure of the material changes
forms have different
and it exhibits colour. When the
absorption spectra
relevant light source is removed the
colour disappears Photochromic materials change
reversibly colour with changes in light
intensity. Usually, they are colourless
in a dark place, and when sunlight or
ultraviolet radiation is applied
molecular structure of the material
changes and it exhibits colour. When
the relevant light source is removed the
colour disappears. Changes from one
colour to another colour are possible
mixing photochromic colours with base
colours. They are used in paints, inks,
and mixed to mould or casting
materials for different applications.
LIQUID-CRYSTAL DISPLAY
A liquid-crystal display (LCD)
is a flat-panel display or
other electronically modulated
optical device that uses the light-
modulating properties of liquid
crystals. Liquid crystals do not
emit light directly, instead
using a backlight or reflector to
produce images in colour
or monochrome.[1] LCDs are
available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose
computer display) or fixed
images with low information
content, which can be displayed
or hidden, such as preset words,
digits, and 7-segmentdisplays,
as in a digital clock. They use
the same basic technology, except
that arbitrary images are made
up of a large number of
small pixels, while other displays
have larger elements.
The technology behind an LCD is
similar to the polymer dispersed
liquid crystals (PDLCs) used in some
smart-window applications. In these
windows, the liquid crystals respond
to an electrical charge by aligning
parallel and letting light through.
When the electrical charge is absent,
the liquid crystals in the window are
randomly oriented. With liquid
crystals, the glass is either clear or
translucent. There are no intermediate
settings.
PDLCs are not a developing
technology. In fact, they can already
be found in offices and homes around
the globe. Because it can achieve a
translucent setting, PDLC technology
is great for homes and offices -- you
get privacy without sacrificing all
light.
PDLCs and suspended particle devices
require power for their smart windows
to be transparent. A different smart
window technology is in development
that would reverse the process.
 LOUVER CONTROL SYSTEMS
A louver (American
English) or louvre (British
English) is a window
blind or shutter with
horizontal slats that are
angled to admit light and
air, but to keep out rain
and direct sunshine. The
angle of the slats may be
adjustable, usually in
blinds and windows, or An organic solar cell or plastic solar cell is a
fixed.[1] type of photovoltaic that usesorganic electronics,
a branch of electronics that deals with
conductive organicpolymers or
small organic molecules, for light absorption
and charge transport to produce electricity from
sunlight by the photovoltaic effect.