First, you will measure a solvent activity from vapor pressure of

solvent. The vapor pressure of pure solvent and solvent in solution is not
equal. The vapor pressure of pure solvent will be less than the solvent in
the solution because there are nonvolatile ions in the solution that prevent
solvent molecule evaporation on the surface of solution. The solvent
activity can measure from a fraction of P1 and P1* (P1 is the vapor pressure
of the solvent in solution and P1* is the vapor pressure of pure solvent).
Then, you will use both of Raoult’s law and Gibbs – Duhem equation to
determine a solute activity.
In ideal condition, The relation of P1 and P1*
P1 = x1 P1*
where x1 is mole fraction of the solvent. But, in the nonideal condition
the equation is
a1 = f1x1
then, use a Gibbs – Duhem equation in two – component system (solvent
and electrolyte solute) to evaluate a solute activity. The last equation that
use to find a solute activity is :
𝑎1
𝑎2 𝑛1
𝑙𝑛 = −∫ 𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑎1
𝑐2 𝑛2
1
𝑛1
The area of 𝑙𝑛𝑎1 and ratios of plots will give a important information
𝑛2
the determine a solute activity that is ln 𝑎2 , 𝑎2 is the solute activity that
you want to know.