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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document on the World Wide Web. It
is simply a collection of certain key words called µTags¶ that are helpful in writing the document to be
displayed using a browser on Internet. It is a platform independent language that can be used on any
platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To display a document in web it is essential
to mark-up the different elements (headings, paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the document with the
HTML tags. To view a mark-up document, user has to open the document in a browser. A browser
understands and interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure of the document (which part are
which) and makes decision about presentation (how the parts look) of the document. HTML also
provides tags to make the document look attractive using graphics, font size and colors. User can
make a link to the other document or the different section of the same document by creating Hypertext
Links also known as Hyperlinks.
The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text within your document. It is an
optional tag. You can create an HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the start and stop tags.
Heading structures are most commonly used to set apart document or section titles. There are six
levels of headings, from heading 1 through heading 6. Heading 1 (h1) is "most important" and
heading 6 (h6) is "least important." By default, browsers will display the six heading levels in the
same font, with the point size decreasing as the importance of the heading decreases. Here are two
examples:
<h1>Heading 1: The largest</h1>
<h6>Heading 6: The smallest</h6>
line breaks
If you just want to move down to the next line, without leaving a blank space, you would use a ³br´,
for line break. For example like this:
This is a line.<br>
And here is the next line.
If using XHTML, again, you cannot have a single opening tag like <br>. It needs to be denoted as a
single tag, hence you have to write <br/> instead.
AavaScript is often included inside an HTML file or linked to from an HTML file and run locally by a
web browser. This means that servers are free to work on something else rather than processing
instructions for each client. This has made AavaScript a more popular choice than languages that
require a server to do the processing.
Uses of AavaScript
Use it to add multimedia elements With AavaScript you can show, hide, change, resize images, and
create image rollovers. You can create scrolling text across the status bar.
Create pages dynamically Based on the user's choices, the date, or other external data, AavaScript
can produce pages that are customized to the user.
Interact with the user It can do some processing of forms and can validate user input when the user
submits the form.
With functions, you can give a name to a whole block of code, allowing you
to reference it from anywhere in your program. AavaScript has built-in
functions for several predefined operations. Here are three some functions.
alert("message")
confirm("message")
prompt("message")
Function Example
Open "functions. html" and View the Source
Put the cursor after " // add code here " and enter:
var userName
var willDoSurvey
userName = prompt("Enter your name", "")
alert("Thank you, " + userName)
Save the changes and Refresh the page
Frames allow a section of the webpage to be constantly visible in a column or section, by having
multiple pages shown in separate subwindows. Frames must begin with the <frameset> tag, and
end with the </frameset> tag. The frameset has optional parameters to determine the number of
rows and columns along with their sizes (e.g. rows="2).
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<html>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Border Frames</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET>
</html>
!
"#
<html>
<title>
switch case
</title>
<body>
<script laguage="javascript">
var ch;
ch=prompt("enter the character");
switch(ch)
{
case'a':
{
document.write("vowel");
break
}
case'e':
{
document.write("vowel");
break
}
case'i':
{
document.write("vowel");
break
}
case'o':
{
document.write("vowel");
break
}
case'u':
{
document.write("vowel");
break
}
default:
{
document.write("consonent");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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