Module Code: Pasay-Eng11-21stCL - Q1- W2-D1

Name:__________________________________________ Strand:___________________
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN 21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World
First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 1

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW (Objective )

Describes the geographic, linguistic and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from
Spanish period
WHAT’S NEW (Your Lesson for Today)
In today’s lesson, We will find out the changes that occur in our Literature when the Spaniards
colonized the Philippines thru Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.in 1565.They colonized Philippines for 333
years.
Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature
1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent
may of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos and
moro-moros.
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
Two classification of literature during the Spanish Period
Religious Literature
Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early
catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Fernando Bagonbanta's "Salamat nang
walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas" (Unending thanks) is a fine example that is found in the Memorial de
la vida cristiana en lengua tagala (Guidelines for the Christian life in the Tagalog language) published in 1605.
Another form of religious lyrics are the meditative verses like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms.
It has no fixed meter nor rhyme scheme although a number are written in octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn
tone and spiritual subject matter.
But among the religious poetry of the day, it is the pasyon in octosyllabic quintillas(spanish poetry of verse
with eight syllablesin five stanzas). that became entrenched in the Filipino's commemoration of Christ's agony and
resurrection at Calvary.
Gaspar Aquino de Belen's "Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na tola" (Holy Passion
of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Verse) put out in 1704 is the country's earliest known pasyon.
Other known pasyons chanted during the Lenten season are in Ilocano, Pangasinan, Ibanag, Cebuano, Bicol,
Ilongo and Waray.
Aside from religious poetry, there were various kinds of prose narratives written to prescribe proper
decorum. Like the pasyon, these prose narratives were also used for proselitizationTo attempt to convert someone
to one's own religious faith)
Some forms are: dialogo (dialogue), Manual de Urbanidad (conduct book); ejemplo (exemplum)
and tratado (tratado). The most well-known are Modesto de Castro's "Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si
Urbana at si Feliza" (Correspondence between the Two Maidens Urbana and Feliza) in 1864 and Joaquin Tuason's
"Ang Bagong Robinson" (The New Robinson) in 1879, an adaptation of Daniel Defoe's novel.

References for further enhancement:

(If you wish to know more and view a video regarding this lesson then you may go to these following links_
Happy to learn! )
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qI2i4pAxb_Y

Page 1 of 35
 Module Code: Pasay-Eng11-21stCL - Q1- W2-D1

Name:__________________________________________ Strand:___________________
2. Secular or Non- Religious Literature

Secular works appeared alongside historical and economic changes, the emergence of a
rich class and the middle class who could avail of a European education. This Filipino elite
could now read printed works that used to be the exclusive domain of the missionaries.

The most notable of the secular lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition: the weak but
loyal lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose Corazon de
Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. Some secular poets who wrote in this same tradition
were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes and Rafael Gandioco.

Another popular secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in Tagalog.
The awit is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains (which means it has 12 syllables per line, 4 line per stanza).
while the korido is in octosyllabic quatrains. These are colorful tales of chivalry from European sources
made for singing and chanting such as Gonzalo de Cordoba (Gonzalo of Cordoba) and Ibong
Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, Ilongo, Pampango,
Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre reached new heights in Balagtas'
"Florante at Laura" (ca. 1838-1861), the most famous of the country's metrical romances.

Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. Filipino intellectuals educated
in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the downside of colonization. This, coupled with the
simmering calls for reforms by the masses gathered a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal,
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio.

This led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political
essays and Rizal's two political novels, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher in the
Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at the same time planted the
seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos.

But if Rizal's novels are political, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno is largely cultural and is
considered the first Filipino novel.

Although Paterno's Ninay gave impetus to other novelists like Jesus Balmori and Antonio M. Abad to
continue writing in Spanish, this did not flourish.

Other Filipino writers published the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El
Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro
M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Rafael
Palma, Enrique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who mastered the prosa romantica or
romantic prose.

But the introduction of English as medium of instruction in the Philippines hastened the end of
Spanish so that by the 1930s, English writing had overtaken Spanish writing. During the language's
death suffering, however, writing in the romantic tradition, from the awit and korido, would continue in
the novels of Magdalena Jalandoni. But patriotic writing continued under the new colonialists. These
appeared in the vernacular poems and modern adaptations of works during the Spanish period and
which further maintained the Spanish tradition.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED (Generalization)

The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for over three centuries. .
The Spanish colonizers needed to force out the local oral convention by filling in for
it the tale of the Passion of Christ. Be that as it may, the local custom endure and
even thrived in zones out of reach to the Spaniards.

WHAT I CAN DO (Are You Ready To Practice?)

Is today’s lesson clear? If not, then you may go back to our discussion, the given examples
and the references for further enhancement .
Page 2 of 35
 Module Code: Pasay-Eng11-21stCL - Q1- W2-D1

Name:__________________________________Strand:______________________
PRACTICE EXERCISES 1
A book by Modesto de Castro, the so called Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog.
These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa .Written in Tagalog by a priest
famous for his powerful sermons, Urbana at Felisa is an example of the book of
conduct that emerged in Europe during the Renaissance. Its author used the
epistolary style where in a series of thirty-four letters, members of a family in
Paombong, Bulacan gave each other advice on the ideal conduct and behavior
expected of a middle-class and Christian family.

Si Urbana kay Feliza - Maynila URBANA:

MINAMAHAL KONG KAPATID. Ang isang sulat ay isang pagsasalin sa papel ng nasa-isip at sa loob
ipinagkakatiwala, at nang matanto ng pinagpapadalhan. Ang sulat ay isang salitaan sa papel, kaya
ang titik ay dapat linawan, at ang pangungusap ay ilagay sa ugali. Kung ang sinusulatan ay kaibigan
at kapahayagan ng loob, ay pahintulot na humaba ang sulat, palibhasa ' y marami ang masasaysay.
Kung ang ibig-sabihin sa sulat, ay isang bagay lamang, at ang sinusulatan ay di kaibigan, hindi
karampatan ang magsaysay ng ibang bagay. Ang sulat ay ibabagay sa sinusulatan, at gayon din
ibabagay ang pakikipag-usap. Iba ang sulat ng mataas sa mababang tao, at ng mababa sa mataas:
iba ang sulat ng matanda sa bata, at ng bata sa matanda. Ang galang na kailangang gamitin ng bata
sa matanda hindi kailangan sa sulat ng matanda sa bata; maliban na lamang, kung sa bata ay may
nakikitang bagay na sukat-igalang.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

If you were to examine the linguistic dimension (meaning) of the given exceprt of letter.
What conduct is being exphasized by Urbana? Do you agree that this behaviour is still
important given that we are now in the new Millenium?

Page 3 of 35
 Module Code: Pasay-Eng11-21stCL - Q1- W2-D1

Name:__________________________________Strand:______________________
Rubrics
20-18 17-15 14-10
Content indicates synthesis of Content indicates thinking and Shows some thinking and reasoning
ideas, in depth analysis and reasoning applied with original but most ideas are underdeveloped
evidences original thought and thought on a few
support for the topic. ideas.

PRACTICE EXERCISES 2
Ninay is considered the first Filipino and Tagalog novel. It was written by
Pedro Paterno and published in the year 1908. It illustrates the richness of
the Philippine environment and culture through intertwined narratives and
descriptions of national scenes and rituals. This served to undermine the
Spanish statement that the Philippines had no culture.
The novel explores the life and love story of the female protagonist named
Ninay, a heartbroken young woman who died of cholera. Her heartbreak was
due to her separation from her lover Carlos Mabagsic. Ninay's misfortune
became harder to bear because of the loss of her parents. A pasiam,
the novena for the dead, was being said and offered for the lifeless Ninay.
Framed with this melancholic atmosphere of nine-day prayer for the departed
(pasiyam), the novel opens up a succession of narratives that present
"variations of unrequited love".
With reference to the novel NINAY and the rich ethniticy of the Philippines . Research and
give a short descriptions of 9 dfferent indigenous burial practices in the Philippines long
before and even during the Spanish Colonization. At the center of chain compose a short
prayer for departed souls due to the pademic covid-19.

RUBRICS

20-18 17-15 14-10

Content indicates synthesis of ideas, in Content indicates thinking and Shows some thinking and
depth analysis and evidences original reasoning applied with original thought reasoning but most ideas are
thought and support for the topic. on a few underdeveloped
ideas.

Page 4 of 35
 Module Code: Pasay-Eng11-21stCL - Q1- W2-D1

Name:__________________________________Strand:______________________
EVALUATION:
After reading the discussion brainstorm keywords that can describes the kind of literature we have
during the Spanish Period. Then, think also of a symbol that is representative of this literary period.
Once you have selected an appropriate symbol, use the words that you brainstormed to create the
symbol. I encourage you to do a rough draft first so you can play with the layout of the words. You
may lightly sketch out the lines of your drawing and then place the words on top. Some words may
need to be larger or smaller than others. If needed, you are allowed to repeat key words. Give a short
explanation about your WORD ART.

Explanation:

RUBRICS
20-18 17-15 14-10
Content indicates synthesis of Content indicates thinking and Shows some thinking and
ideas, in depth analysis and reasoning applied with original reasoning but most ideas are
evidences original thought and thought on a few underdeveloped
support for the topic. ideas.
References Cited
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Literature/literary_forms_in_philippine_lit.htm
Agoncillo T.A.(2003) History and Culture, Language and Literature.UST Publishing
House Dimalanta, O etal.(2004) Philippine Contemporary Literature in English. UST Publishing House
ncca.gov.ph

Writer : MA. GINA P.BITUARAN - PCWHS

Page 5 of 35