tg

- isolate themselves from external influences/factors/countries due - open to external influences

to the fact that they want to maintain security among themselves
- America

globalization

- interconnectedness of countries in terms of (Immanuel Wallerstein)

economic and political goals and the - social structure of global inequality
interdependence of peoples and countries
- opening of international borders, changes in
institution - first world
- intensification of worldwide social relations - abuses other countries’ bad economic and
which link distant localities in such a way that political situations
 Canada, France, Germany
local happenings are shaped by events occurring - rich countries but are abused by the core
many miles away and vice versa countries
 China (cheap labor), India, Mexico,
Pakistan
- third world
- Treaty of Westphalia (1648) - experiences social and economic instability
 concept of nation-state; “pagmamay-ari” - has resources but they cannot manage it
- decreasing notion of nation-state because so they rely on the core countries to handle
political actions transcend national borders it for them
 Philippines, Bolivia, Afghanistan,
through global movements Chad
 General Assembly in the United Nations
- 193 countries come together for a
- focus on new global production and financial
meeting to talk about relevant issues
system
- creates new forms of transnational class
- mobility of people, capital, technology, goods relations across boarders where they do not
and services internationally follow conventional processes for trading and
- how integrated countries are in the global production systems
economy -
 one product but the parts are
- global spread and integration of ideas, values, manufactured in many other countries
norms, behavior and way of life  Japan produces banana milk:
-
 people enjoy the same music, slangs, and banana 10
etc. milk 50
- labor, manpower, factories
100
 group of people migrating from their own 160
land in hope to find better economic However, they sell them back to the manufacturing
countries at a higher price  250
opportunities
 stable citizens of the foreign country
 sense of cultural identity - emphasizes the rapid growth of mass media and
 JAPANGLISH resultant global cultural flow
- international terms integrated in Japan’s -
own culture  spread of cultural beliefs and social
activities from one group to another
 tg

-
- benefited multinational corporations in the  devaluation of Thai Bhat that resulted in
highly developed world at the expense of local the falling of Asian economies which
enterprise, local cultures and common people heightened inflation.
because of the absence of laws to restrict them  their allied countries such as the
from doing so Philippines, South Korea, Malaysia,
- money is more important to the point that they Singapore and Vietnam were also affected
give little to no importance about the lives of the  the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
people that are at risk helped them (loan)

- global dispersal can result in a culture clash -

where people seek to defend their countries
against perceived external threats
 changes in the usage of the traditional
language
- cultural tourism
- growth of global tourism and the diversification
of the tourism product have led to an increase in
the demand for cultural activities which have
become an integral part of a visitor’s experience
 Nazareno vendors
 Mecca in Saudi Arabia which earns $8.5B
 Wang-od (mangbabato) in Manila
“culture, not costume”
 a massive fire occurred in Indonesia and
the South East Asian countries were
affected
 the fire was caused by the big companies
from Malaysia and Singapore and they
were bribing the Indonesian Government
so they’d get away from their illegal
burning practices
- infectious diseases pose significant threats to
global health efforts as increased globalization
allows them to travel in a short period of time

structures of globalization
- are (most of the time) owned by multinational
- acknowledged by the audience because they companies
have legitimate powers to rule - its main function is to fulfill the obligations and
shortcomings of the government, and help solve
relevant issues
- individuals or organizations that do not belong - sometimes more efficient than some
nor ally themselves to any particular states or government agencies
country, yet possess great political, social and  Crisis Management (Marawi Disaster)
economic powers - help from the government has to go
- is off limits and does not have legitimate powers through a lot of processes while NGOs
to rule people but still has a great influence can send their help directly
- serves as a shadow - examples of these are:

- research and dev’t for human rights

- typically considered as a part of civil society but
operate independently from any form of - eliminate poverty

government
- not funded nor guided by the government, - provide healthcare just like UNICEF

instead, their funds come from donations and its
stakeholders - WWF, Green Peace, Sustainable
Fisheries

- business that operates and conducts business
activities in more than one country
- large companies that aims several different
subsidiaries that are involved in defense
contracting, aviation, construction, shipping,
software, financial services, and the like
 Samsung, Apple, KFC, Adidas, Google Yahoo
 McDonalds
- have 13,381 stores in U.S., 3,598 in
Japan, 1,400 in Canada, 1,286 in
Germany
 UNILEVER
- has a total of 400 subsidiary
companies
- Surf, Pepsodent, Knorr, Vaseline, Lux,
Rexona, St. Ives, Dove, Lipton,
Tresseme, Ben&Jerries, Magnum,
Breeze
- has more than 155,000 employees
 NUTRIASIA
- violated human rights of workers
- their subsidiary companies such as
Silverswan and Jufran are still on the
market
- entity created by treaty involving two or more
nations to work in good faith on issues of
common interest
- foster economic development among
themselves
- started in New Hampshire, United States; 44
countries/states
 World Bank, ASEAN, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNICEF
These structures are webs of complex
arrangements constituted of rules, conventions,
norms that govern and facilitate the interactions of
states and non-states actors with each other.
- significant roles or non-state actors in the
international economic process
- many developing and underdeveloped nations
enter inter-governmental organizations with the
idea in mind that they are for the greater good of
the country
tg
- The Bretton Woods Conference in July 1944
- paved the way for the creation of two
international banking institutions known as the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Bank
- Hampshire, U.S. between 44 countries
- short-term
- promote monetary cooperation and international
financial stability
- was designed to monitor the system of pegged
or fixed exchange rate
- provides short term loans to aid countries facing
balance of payment deficits
- help countries affected by wars and promote
financial stability

- collect massive informative in different
countries
-
 magkano and kailangang itulong at
kalian maibabalik ito
 collects information about the debtor
country (papahiramin nila)

- lends money to South East Asian
countries whose government cannot
pay the obligation
- short term loans = di nakakatulong
-
 devaluation of Thai Bhat
 shoot up inflation in products
 IMF told Thailand, “decrease the
number of your employers so you can
pay your debt”. They obliged and this
resulted to massive unemployment
- nagpapahiram sa mga countries na may
financial losses
- the budget of the IMF is $645M and it came
from the contributions of the stakeholders
- ASEAN  each country should contribute at
least $2M para maipagpatuloy and projects and
para may pangbayad sa gastos
  economy =  contribution > $2M
- banking institution (bumuo)
 UK, US, Russia, European Countries, China
(sleeping dragon)
 tg
 Colonial master = nagpapautang + expense of other economies because the
nanggogoyo sa atin current system provide legal rules,
regulations, institutions to monitor the
- long term; “bank of the poor” economic activities of state and non-state
- known as international bank for reconstruction actors
and development  no barter and mercantilism system
- provides long term loans for economic  you cannot manipulate paper bills because
development of less developed countries naka-account ang any value of your currency
- reduce extreme poverty while addressing the  you can’t also print many paper bills because
imperfections of global capital markets is of bababa ang value pag nagenerate sa
second importance maraming tao

 hindi na pwede imanipulate

 tinitignan ang economic performance ng isang
- they have different beneficiaries bansa in terms of money

In Trillion Dollars
U.S. China Japan Germany U.K.
 regulation of international trade between France India Italy Brazil Canada
25
nations 20
 the goal is to help producers of goods and 15
services, exporters, and importers conduct 10
5
their business 0
 purpose is to lower taxes in multilateral trade
Out of these 10 countries, three countries are semi-
negotiations to avoid trade wars by raising
periphery (China, India, Brazil) while the rest are core
protectionist barriers of the interwar period countries
 lower products’ taxes which are  pinakamaraming contributions sa
transported from one country to another international
 higher demand, more income and much - donations to victims of different natural
favorable for the company calamities (Yolanda Typhoon)
e.g. European Brand Cars - rebuild houses, fund health facilities
- mas madami mapproduce and mas bababa
ang price
- marami ang bibiliat tataas ang demand - major issue
- funds are billions of dollars intended for facilities
kasing-sahol ng life ng mga nasa Africa
 mercantilism is no longer valid in exchanging - donations from different countries named after
goods and services Mother Theresa are invested only, not donated
- paramihan ng gold, silver, bronze in
acquiring precious metals
 countries are not allowed to manipulate their
currencies to achieve short term gains at the
 tg

global politics

- the interstate system and global governance - every member votes in the general assembly
- involves political coordination among state and meeting and they negotiate multilateral
non-state actors agreement that give more justification to its
policies
 YES – in favor
- politics transcends national boundaries and  NO – against
national borders through global movements of  ABSTAIN (50:50) - Abstention
international organizations and involvement of - issues such as
different political bodies of other countries, which  climate change
were bound by mutual agreement  poverty
- they act globally by forming alliances with  world hunger
organizations outside the country, instead of  protect refugees
working through their national government  terrorists
because sometimes it is more efficient, deeper  protect the indigenous people and their
and faster. rights

- 30 countries - through the six principal organs

- primary organization for international - they meet from July to September every year
cooperation, peace and security - has 17 SDGs that they wish to save but it’s
= they try to solve international problems and difficult
harmonizes its members’ actions
- has SDG or the sustainable development goals
- forerunner organization

- has 193 representations

- may resolve non-compulsory recommendations - responsible for the advancement of global
to states or suggestions to the Security Council economic and social affairs
- decides on the admission of new members, - lead role:
following proposal by UNSC  identify emerging challenges
- universally presented – regional blogs/groups  promote innovation
(seating arrangement)  balance the integration of the 3 pillars
 African - economic, social, and environmental
 Asia Pacific concerns
 No group (Taiwan is not recognized as - its current president (75th) is Mona Juul
a national entity because it’s part of  was elected on July 25,2019
China)  currently the ambassador and permanent
representative of Norway to UN in New
York
- formal debate - informal debate - employment opportunities for all
- every country has the - pwede utusan or lapitan - has 54 member states who were elected for a 3-
right to voice out their yung isang country to vote year-term (e.g. Philippines)
stands/opinions on the yes or no to a certain issue - they search for members and find those
issue countries whom they can vote for EcoSoc in the
UNGA
- e.g. PH – development projects then
titignan ng EcoSoc if it’s helping

- most powerful UN unit because its mandate is to
keep the peace
 investigate situations that might lead to
war
 call military actions
 impose economic sanctions
- P5 with Veto Power + 10 other members
- 1United Kingdom, 2United States, 3 France,
4
Russia, 5China
- di papalitan because when the UNSC was
established, they were already there
- they are selfish and has the strongest
military power; they even possess nuclear
weapons that can destroy the earth
- after the WWII, UK, France and the US
are the victors (allied powers)
- sinali ang Russia but since talunan siya,
inendorse niya ang China to be part of the
UNSC
- they have an agenda and are required to
propose a resolution (action paper) na
pinagbotohan
- grounds for nullifying: 9/15 members has
to vote YES para matuloy; they have
, the power to nullify resolution na
pinagbotohan ng 10 members which
means that if any of the P5 doesn’t see the
benefit that they’d get, veto agad because
they care more for their personal gains
than resolving the issue thus, parang
nawawala ang bisa ng UNSC because of
them
 Russia uses their veto power more
often than the others
 magvote
- they want to give the president of
Syria economic sanctions but since
Russia has strong political ties with
them and are their major partner,
Russia vetoed that resolution because
they’ll be affected; 4,000 people died in
Syria pero hindi yun inisip ng Russia
 US preaches about the dangers of nuclear
weapons and how other countries should not
produce any but US mismo ang gumagawa
- sarili lang nila iniisip nila; dagdag pabigat
 expand membership vs. voluntary
restraint
tg
- the Philippines used to be part of the UNSC
during the Marcos’ regime (1954, 1958 & 1963)
- every after council meetings feels so intense
because di nagkikibuan mga tao due to their
heavy responsibilities (peace keeping,military
actions)
- if the government cannot protect the people or
the government itself is the problem, UNSC will
step in with their armies.
 Syria (Bashar-Al-Assad [dictator])
- lots people of people die because they
have no food nor shelter and their money
has no value
- their government is the problem, so the
UNSC will assume the responsibility
- UNGA  responsible for electing 10 member
states every two years
-
 provide judge/lawyers to investigate how
to lessen or stop wars
 give military personnel and guns
- Japan cannot join the UNSC
 after the WWII, inalisan sila ng army
because napabagsak sila ng U.S.
 if magkaka-war sa Japan, U.S. will be the
one to provide them military armies
because they cannot make their own
- they are responsible for voting who to elect in
UNSC, EcoSoc and ICJ
- its current president is Trijjani Muhammad-
Bande from Nigeria and was elected last
September 17, 2019
- Carlos P. Romulo was the first Asian president
from 1949 to 1950
- Diplomat Ambassador  pinapadala para
(may ambag dapat [many
requirements]); dapat mas mautak than the
president
- composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year
terms by the UNGA and the UNSC from a list of
people nominated by the national group in the
Permanent Court of Arbitration
- serves as the universal court for international
law
- issues legal opinions on disputes between states
that recognized its jurisdiction
- it’s different from the International Criminal
Court (ICC) which was established inside the UN
but is not part of the UN
 tg
 has a role of persecuting individuals - examines and discusses the reports on the
- Duterte’s violation to human rights political, economic and educational advancements
- it is the only judicial organ of UN of people
- provides legal opinions that are applicable only - inactive since 1994, when Palau attained
to the recognized countries of the ICJ because independence
they cannot impose laws in all countries as a  Moana’s island
respect on the sovereignty of the countries - used for other functions; display only but ayaw
- persecutes the whole country, not a specific madissolve because they would have to undergo
individual many processes
 the whole country of Myanmar received - the following used to be a trust territory
sanctions due to the mass killings of  Ghana
Muslims  Somalia
 Togo
- administrative organ of the UN  Cameroon
- supports the other UN bodies administratively  The Marshall Islands
 organization of conferences, writing of  Nigeria
reports, budget preparation  Tanzania
- the UN Secretary General is elected for a term  Rwanda
of five years  Burundi
 the current UN Secretary General is  Samoa
Antonio Gutteres  Nauru
 Papua New Guinea
- supervise the administration of the trust  The Federated States of Micronesia
territories or the countries na ayaw pakawalan ng  Palau
colonial masters after WWII

market integration

- emerges of global markets: - U.S. first in market economy

 new economic opportunities - U.S. ay may maraming utang sa China
 global competition  started when World’s Crisis
 economic integration Fund/Financing occurred
 different markets exists and it depends  cause: nagsimula ang mga call centers
on the country if the value is high or low

- e.g. Philippines will sell products to Thailand
 UN (same price; almost) - nanalo

- e.g. Philippines will sell products to U.S. - pwedeng magmay-ari ng - mayroong company,
 High taxes in the US so the price will be company as long as kaya employee ka, lahat
much higher - it’s all about money kayo may-ari ng
- you are getting paid off company
in the amount that you  why did it lose?
- capital movements rather than trade deserve e.g. China wherein
- generation of employees due to production - trabaho = sahod every month, the
- dominance of world economy - mayaman ay lalong standard salary of a
- the 75-year struggle between capitalism and yumayaman, mahirap ay worker is P12,000
socialism is largely over lalong humihirap - every worker in the
company, no matter
what your position is,
same ang sahod

- so if everyone receives a salary of P12,000, it’s
equality, not equity; if madami pinapakain, hindi
sila mabubuhay because it’s not enough to
sustain the family
 overburden with their lives and to the
economy of their country
 hindi na nakikita ng tao ang worth ng life
niya when he compares it with the status
of other people and this may lead to
depression, suicide and etc., their last
resort is selling illegal drugs, sumusugal
and/or settling with illegal practices
- millennials are attracted with Socialism but it is
not effective because lahat ng bansa ay
maghihirap; no progress; no technological
advancements
 GNI
- Gross National Income
- general income of the country, regardless if
Filipino or Foreign citizen over the population
per country
- have a GNI per capital of less than $1,025
- high birth rates and low literacy rates
 high birth rates for manpower
- heavy reliance on foreign aid
- experiences political instability and unrest
- concentration in Africa South of the Sahara and
limited industrialization
- high percentage of population engaged in
agriculture and subsistence farming
- lack access to education and proper protection
(no electricity)
- since they have no access in proper health care,
kay Lord nalang sila umaasa
 No pension
- mag-work ang lahat ng anak para amarami
ang income at mabuhay ang kanilang mga
magulang

- only the educated ones are being hired
- no degree = low salary, they rely on foreign
aid but it’s not enough because of corrupt
officials; hindi marunong in the invention and
advancement of technology thus they are
living in a primitive way and most of the time
naloloko sila ng mga merchants
tg
- between $1,026 and $3,995
- typically at relatively early stages of
industrialization
 world trade center
 PH’s BGC, Makati, Manila, New Clark City
- factory supply is a growing domestic market
- they have cheap labor markets
 they use the populated countries for the
cheap labor, especially on the South East
Asian countries (except Brunei, Singapore
and Malaysia)
 kabuhayan is pagsasaka
-
 World’s Largest Economy
 wealth of india - top 1% of the population
 concentrate on wealth
 no access to urban way of living and
advancements
 no discrimination dapat, but it happens
-they have is the belief of
Buddhist that good life is based on good
and bad karma
- – lowest form; cleans the waste
of other people and are believed to be
toxic people so they need to be isolated
because hindi ka-level; they do the dirtiest
job in the world
- bad karma = Dalits; good = rich people
- World Bank’s basis is the access to clean water
where the standard access should be at 64%,
India is only at 40%
- from Cory Aquino to present: lower-middle
- in 2015, the country’s GNI is $3,550, less than
$500 from being upper middle income country
- last 2018, the GNI of the country is at $3,830
- their aim is for the PH to become an upper
middle country in the year 2020
- In January 2019, it’s 5.6% but in mid-2019, it
became 4.4%, bumaba because of inflation rate
[TRAIN Law]
- it’s not easy; for us to be upgraded, we need to
reach the $3,995 GNI and must maintain it for
three years
- GNI = 5.6% konting effort nalang

 MYANMAR has one child policy = monetary
issues
- 1 family = 1 bread (purging of resources)
- tataas if konti lang ang maghahati
- between $ 3,996 and $12,375
- newly industrializing economies (NIES)
- rapidly industrializing, less agricultural
employment, increasing urbanization, rising
wages, high literacy, and advanced education
- the influx of technology, particularly the
computer revolution, creates starting balanced
positions of the old and the new in the countries
- and etc.
 has a goal of reducing agricultural
employment and etc.
 mataas ang living standards (parents from
these countries have high wages and children
can attain higher education [MA, PhD]
 they have access in technology
 sometimes, they also make and invent new
technologies
global interstate system
- Thomas Hobbes and Niccolo Machiavelli
- “the end justifies the means” - Machiavelli’s
famous book “The Prince”
 when a man sells illegal drugs to feed his
family: as long as you have a good hangarin
para makuha gusto mo
 when Hitler wanted to make Germany the
strongest nation and eliminated those who are
walang pakinabang to him and threats:
gagawin ang lahat as long as umunlad ang
country
- egoistic nature of states
 lahat ay makasarili because it is innate
- after the WWII, US tries to avoid another world
war so they don’t use nuclear weapons
 US made Vietnam as their testing grounds for
nuclear weapons in the 1960’s
 “Agent Orange” is the notable colored
chemical
 US couldn’t defeat Vietnam because they are
good with guerilla/hand combat so they used
Agent Orange (illegal means) by sprinkling it
to the forest grounds
tg
- known as advanced, developed, industrialized or
post-industrial countries
- except for a few oil-rich, countries in this
category reached their present income through a
process of sustained economic growth
 Japan, US, UK, Sweden, Brunei, Israel,
Singapore
 Israel [favored/sacred land] has biblical
meaning kaya hindi sila matalo-talo;
lagging may war but never bumagsak
 Brunei has few people so few lang din
magsshare sa resources, economic money
- they already reached the peak of economic
success
- if they run out of specific resources, they can
find or make a new one
- Country Income - World Bank
- Mongolia – nomads
 until now, the effects are still evident: pag
naamoy/inhale, ramdam hanggang future
generations
 some children have deformities (zombie-like)
- John Locke
- we have the tendency to be wicked but it’s not
100% because we also have innate goodness
- cooperative nature of states
- countries help each other to rebuild nation
- doing something for the common good even if it
doesn’t benefit you
- current system
- lawlessness [no government to supervise]
- sobrang violent because there is no
government, being egoistic is evident
- no discipline
- sinasagad basta magsupply sila
- freedom, pantay-pantay lang ang local units
- equal powers = capacity to voice out opinions
and decide on your country’s behalf
- no discrimination because there are no bullies