5GNR RAN2.

0 Sub6G M-MM AAU RF Setting

Guidelines
AAU5613 64TRX Antenna Technical Specifications
8 columns 1 channel drives 3
antenna elements on
the vertical plane.
AAU 3.5/3.7 GHz
Phase
Array Architecture 16H4V
network

+45° and –45°

Preset fixed electronic tilt

Polarization

Gain 25 dBi
SSB beam
Phase
Horizontal MAX Scanning Range of envelope network
–60° to +60°
PDSCH Beams
Vertical MAX Scanning Range of
–15° to +15°
PDSCH Beams
Phase
Horizontal 3 dB Beamwidth 13° network

Vertical 3 dB Beamwidth 6.5°

Antenna Array 8(H)x12(V)x2

Phase
Front-to-Rear Ratio 30 dB network

Mechanical Tilt –20° to +20° 16H4V antenna array

8(H)x4(V)x2(P）
1 channel drives 3 antenna elements on the vertical plane. 1
Note: PDSCH beam’s MAX scanning range > CSI RS beam envelope > SSB beam envelope
SSB beam envelope will determine serving cell user camps.
channel drives 1 antenna element on the horizontal plane.

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AAU5313 32TRX Antenna Technical Specifications
1 channel drives 6 antenna 8 columns
elements on the vertical plane.
Array Architecture 16H2V

Polarization +45° and –45°

Phase
shifter
Gain 23.8 dBi

Preset adjustable electronic tilt

Horizontal MAX Scanning Range of
–60° to +60° SSB beam
PDSCH Beams
envelope
Phase
Vertical MAX Scanning Range of
–15° to +15° shifter
PDSCH Beams

Horizontal 3 dB Beamwidth 13°

Vertical 3 dB Beamwidth 6.5° Phase

shifter
Antenna Array 8(H)x12(V)x2

Front-to-Rear Ratio 30 dB
Phase
Mechanical Tilt –20° to +20° shifter
16H2V antenna array
Note: PDSCH beam’s MAX scanning range > CSI RS beam envelope > SSB beam envelope 8(H)x2(V)x2(P)
SSB beam envelope will determine serving cell user camps.
1 channel drives 6 antenna elements on the vertical plane.
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 Azimuth and Antenna Clearance

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AAU Installation Clearance Requirements When Beam Blocking Exists (1/3)
Case 1. An AAU is parallelly adjacent to a passive antenna. There is a distance between the AAU and the passive antenna.
(1) The horizontal spacing (d) between the AAU and the passive antenna is at least 300 mm (same as that in the scenario without blocking)
due to the limitations of heat dissipation and cabling in the maintenance cavity.
In this case, the maximum distance (h) of front surfaces between the AAU and the passive antenna is 200 mm.
(2) When h increases to 300 mm, the value of d must be greater than 400 mm.

Passive antenna:
sub-3 GHz
Impact on NR Beams of
3.5 GHz NR d (mm) h (mm)
massive MIMO Corresponding Angle
0°, no impact
300 ≤ 200 ±30°, no impact
±60°, small impact
0°, no impact
400 300 ±30°, no impact
±60°, small impact

#1: Align the front surfaces as most possibly. Horizontal side-side clearance ≥300mm @Gap≤200mm

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AAU Installation Clearance Requirements when Beam Blocking Exists (2/3)
Case 2. An AAU is horizontally adjacent to a passive antenna. There is an angle difference between the AAU and the passive
antenna.
(1) When the angle difference is less than or equal to 30°, the spacing (d) between the AAU and the passive antenna must be at least 500
mm. In this case, h is equal to 0 mm. When h is increased to 200 mm, the value of d must be increased to 800 mm.
(2) It is not recommended that the angle difference be greater than 30°.

Impact on NR Beams of
φ1 d (mm) h (mm)
Corresponding Angle

Passive antenna: 3.5 GHz NR 0°, no impact

sub-3 GHz massive MIMO ≤ 30° 500 0 ±30°, no impact
±60°, small impact

0°, no impact
≤ 30°
800 200 ±30°, no impact
±60°, small impact

> 30°
Not recommended

#2: Reuse 4G azimuth if no special purpose. Horizontal side-side clearance ≥500~800mm @Gap≤200mm

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AAU Installation Clearance Requirements When Beam Blocking Exists (3/3)

Case 3. An AAU is vertically adjacent to a

passive antenna.
(1) The vertical spacing (d) between the AAU and the 3.5 GHz NR
massive MIMO
passive antenna is at least 500 mm (same as that
in the scenario without blocking) due to the
limitations of heat dissipation and cabling in the
maintenance cavity. In this case, beams of the AAU
Passive antenna:
and the passive antenna do not affect each other. sub-3 GHz
(2) Considering the cabling of the passive antenna, it is
not recommended that the AAU be installed under
the passive antenna.

#3: Align the front surfaces as most possibly. Vertical side-side clearance ≥500mm

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Summary

1. Without special purpose, reusing 4G azimuth is firstly proposed.

2. Align the front surfaces of 5GNR AAU and 4G passive antennas,
regardless of vertical installation or horizontal installation
3. By above measurements to avoid blocking beam

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 Mechanical Tilt and Digital Tilt

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Beam Forming Principle With Digital Tilt to Control Direction
Singular Port TRX: A𝐧𝐭𝐞𝒏𝒏𝒂 𝑺𝒖𝒃 𝑨𝒓𝒂𝒂𝒚 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏 𝑬(𝜽, 𝝋) Antenna Array Factors: Γ(𝜽, 𝝋)

Dipole: basic element Weight Matrix for 64TRX with Digital beam
respect to beamforming forming gain

 Preset electronic tilt by
phase network/shifter while
manufacturing
Phase deviation
Sub array gain vector (Direction
vector) of 64TRX
…
 Digital tilt: 𝜃
 Port: Horizontally 1 TRX driving 1 column of
dipoles; vertical 1 TRX driving 3 row of dipoles N
 Array: 16H4V (4 row x 8 columns x Dual Pol.) Γ( ,  ) |  wi exp[ j 2 π(d vi sin   d hi sin  cos  )] |
i 1

𝐁𝐞𝐚𝐦𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠:
𝐀 𝜽, 𝝋 = 𝑬(𝜽, 𝝋)Γ(𝜽, 𝝋)

Side lobe
Massive MIMO

Wide beam before BF

Total beam gain @ digital
tilt = Sub array gain*
Narrow beam after BF
Digital beamforming gain

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Three Types of Tilts in 5GNR Massive MIMO System
3 Electronic Tilt Setting (preset inside
antenna by phase network or shifter)
1 Mechanical Tilt
Setting
2 Digital Tilt Setting

𝛤(𝜃𝑃𝐷𝑆𝐶𝐻 , 𝜙𝑃𝐷𝑆𝐶𝐻 ) Dynamically generate based on user location

𝜃𝑆𝑆𝐵
𝛤(𝜃𝐶𝑆𝐼 , 𝜙𝐶𝑆𝐼 ) Preset and fixed
Digital Tilt
Downlink Tx 𝛤(𝜃𝑆𝑆𝐵 , 𝜙𝑆𝑆𝐵 ) Preset and adjustable after BF

PDSCH
QAM symbols
Precoding Sub-carrier CP
IFFT
Modulation Mapping Insertion

CSI RS symbols

SSB symbols

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5GNR Downtilt Setting Only by Mechanical and Digital Tilts
1 Mechanical Downtilt Electrical Downtilt (phase network or shifter inside antenna) Beam Downtilt and Gain
1. The antenna is tilted downwards 1. The architecture of a single array (spacing between antenna elements and 1 channel driving N 1. The beam direction is determined by the digital
physically. antenna elements on the vertical plane) determines the envelope shape of all beams on the downtilt.
2. According to experience, when the vertical plane. The gain of the envelope is called subarray gain. Subarray gain varies according 2. The beam gain is calculated using the following
mechanical downtilt exceeds 10°, to the beam angle. formula: Beam gain = Subarray gain x Digital
the antenna pattern will be severely 2. The antenna electrical downtilt can be used to adjust the direction of the beam envelope. With beam gain.
deformed. the corresponding electrical downtilt, a single beam reaches the maximum subarray gain. 3. When the customer adjusts the downtilt of the
3. For the antenna architecture of 8H4V or 16H4V, the antenna electrical downtilt is fixed to 6°. SSB beam using parameters:
4. There is a phase shifter for a single array of 16H2V antennas. The antenna electrical downtilt (1) 8H4V/16H4V: Only the digital downtilt is
can be adjusted. changed, and the electrical downtilt is not
2 Digital Downtilt (Baseband beamforming) changed.
Pole
(2) 16H2V: The digital downtilt and electrical downtilt
Mechanical downtilt

1. The array architecture (16H4V/8H4V/16H2V and spacing between subarrays) determines the
digital downtilt and gain. are changed at the same time. The beam
Telescopic
arm

2. The digital beam direction is determined by the direction in the digital weight. The direction is direction is changed accordingly. The beam gain
configured using MML commands for broadcast beams and generated by algorithms for traffic reaches the maximum gain of the antenna.
beams and CSI beams. Note: The adjustment range in 5G RAN2.0 is [-2°,
3. The digital beam gain is determined by the gain in the digital weight. The maximum value is +9°].
Fixing arm

equal to the array gain.

The array gain can be obtained when the beam is in the angle adjustment range.

The envelop Maximum Array Maximum

The electrical downtilt Antenna Form
directions for Subarray Gain Gain Gain
determines all beam
envelopes.
8H2V2P beams are
adjustable. 64T (8H4V2P), 1 channel
10 dBi 15 dBi 25 dBi
driving 3 antenna elements
The envelop directions for
8H4V2P beams are not 32T (8H2V2P), 1 channel
11.8 dBi 12 dBi 23.8 dBi
adjustable. driving 6 antenna elements

The direction of a single beam is

determined by the digital downtilt.

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AAU Downtilt Adjustment in OSS system: Scenario-based Beam Configuration
Run the MOD NRDUCELLTRPBEAM command in U2000 to
Horizontal Vertical
Horizontal Vertical 64T 32T
configure: Pattern Beam Beam Tilt (°) Azimuth (°)
HPBW HPBW （8H4V2P） (8H2V2P)
Quantity Quantity
 The scenario by using the Coverage Scenario parameter;
H105V6 H105V6
 The downtilt of the broadcast beam by using the Tilt parameter; Tilt: –3° to Tilt: –3° to
0 Default scenario (DEFAULT)
 The azimuth of the broadcast beam by using the Azimuth 15° 15°
Azimuth: 0 Azimuth: 0
parameter.
–3 to
1 110° 6° 8/7 1 0 Y Y
+15
Effect: –3 to
2 90° 6° 6 1 –10 to +10 Y N
1. Broadcast beam downtilt = Mechanical downtilt + Digital downtilt +15
Broadcast beam gain = Subarray gain x Digital beam gain –3 to
3 65° 6° 6 1 –22 to +22 Y N
+15
2. The envelopes of traffic beams are determined by the mechanical
–3 to
downtilt and electrical downtilt. 4 45° 6° 4 1 –32 to +32 Y N
+15
The envelops for 8H2V2P traffic beams are adjustable and –3 to
5 25° 6° 2 1 –42 to +42 Y N
changed with the broadcast beam downtilts. The envelops for +15
beams of other antenna architectures are not adjustable. 6 110° 12° 8/7 1 0 to 12 0 Y Y
7 90° 12° 6 1 0 to 12 –10 to +10 Y Y
8 65° 12° 6 1 0 to 12 –22 to +22 Y Y
Implementation by software: 9 45° 12° 4+4/4+3 2 0 to 12 –32 to +32 Y N
 Broadcast beamforming is to adjust the coverage scope of 10 25° 12° 2 2 0 to 12 –42 to +42 Y N
broadcast beams by adding weights to them. 11 15° 12° 1 2 0 to 12 –47 to +47 Y N
 The weighting designed for typical coverage scenarios has been 12 110° 25° 8/7 1 6 0 Y Y
included into the antenna weight file of the eNodeB software 13 65° 25° 6 1 6 –22 to +22 Y Y
package. 14 45° 25° 4 1 6 –32 to +32 Y Y
15 25° 25° 2 4 6 –42 to +42 Y Y
16 15° 25° 1 4 6 –47 to +47 Y N

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Principles of Tilt Setting

For new sites:

1. Mechanical Tilt: Tilting upper 3dB power point of CSI beams envelope at the direction of
cell edge for best user experience. (Best CSI coverage means best PDSCH coverage)
2. Digital Tilt: Tilting SSB main beam at the direction of cell edge for same scope with CSI
coverage. (serving cell selection/reselection/HHO based on SSB signal strength, the selected
serving cell with best SSB will have the best CSI at the same time)
For co-sites:
3. Quick setting for Co-site with 4G, 2 degree less than 4G total tilt (M-Tilt + RET Tilt)

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M-Tilt Planning Principles for New Sites (CSI Envelope)
 The user experience on a network depends on the quality of the traffic channel. Therefore, the mechanical downtilt (network topology) of the 5G NR cell
must be determined based on the principle of optimal traffic channel coverage.
Downtilt planning for traffic channels
 In urban areas and densely populated urban areas where the target coverage is indoor coverage (coverage-limited), it is recommended that the
normal line of the upper 2nd CSI-RS beam for 64TRX points to the bottom layer of the cell edge to ensure continuous network coverage.

The outermost beam

covers the middle
and high floors.
The outermost The vertical beam
beam points to the points to the
bottom layer. bottom layer.
The second outermost
beam points to the
Vertical 4D antenna bottom layer. Vertical 2D antenna Vertical 1D antenna
The normal line of the second outermost beam The normal line of the outermost beam The normal line of the vertical beam
points to the bottom layer of the cell edge. points to the bottom layer of the cell edge. points to the bottom layer of the cell edge.

5G NR Massive MIMO mechanical downtilt =Arctan((Hbts*1.5)/ISD) – CSI-RS beam envelope tilt

In this formula:
• Hbts indicates the base station height, which can be obtained from engineering parameters on the live network.
• Cell radius indicates the cell coverage radius, which is related to the target coverage area of each cell. Engineers need to determine the coverage radius based
on experience or the average inter-site distance of the entire network (Cell radius = Avg.ISD/1.5)
• CSI-RS beam downtilt indicates the downtilt of the reference vertical beam in the tilt planning.
• 64TRX 4V antenna: downtilt of the second outermost beam (layer 2 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 8 to 15
• 32TRX 4V antenna: downtilt of the second outermost beam (layer 2 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 4 to 7
• 32TRX 2V antenna: downtilt of the outermost beam (layer 1 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 0 to 7
• 8TRX 1V antenna: downtilt of the vertical beam, namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 0 to 4

 In urban areas and densely populated urban areas where the target coverage is outdoor coverage (interference-limited), it is recommended that the downtilt
of adjacent cells (for example, the upper 3 dB of the reference beam points to the bottom layer of the cell edge) be decreased to reduce outdoor interference.

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M-Tilt Planning Principles for Co-Sites (CSI Envelope)
Downtilt planning for traffic channels @ NR:LTE=1:1 site deployment

NR:LTE=1:1 site deployment: The mechanical downtilt of "NR Massive MIMO with the normal line of the strongest beam pointing to the bottom layer of the cell
edge" can be directly derived based on the LTE downtilt.
• The principle for planning the LTE downtilt is that the upper 3 dB of the vertical beam points to the cell edge to suppress inter-cell interference.
• In coverage-limited scenarios (for example, the target coverage area is indoor), the principle for plan the 5G tilt is that the normal line of the CSI-RS strong beam
points to the bottom layer of the cell edge.

Therefore:
4G mechanical downtilt + 4G electrical downtilt – 0.5 x "4G vertical 3 dB beamwidth" = 5G mechanical downtilt + 5G CSI-RS beam envelope tilt
where:
• Before using this method to plan the NR downtilt, check whether the LTE downtilt is planned based on the principle of "Upper 3 dB pointing to the cell
edge". (Confirm with the customer or perform preliminary decision based on the LTE common parameters and average inter-site distance.)
• For 4G, the angle between the upper 3 dB and lower 3 dB in the vertical direction is generally 4–7 degrees. (Confirm the engineering parameters on the live
network.)
• 5G CSI-RS beam envelope tilt is the downtilt of the reference vertical beam in the tilt planning.
• 64TRX 4V antenna: downtilt of the second outermost beam (layer 2 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 8 to 15
• 32TRX 4V antenna: downtilt of the second outermost beam (layer 2 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 4 to 7
• 32TRX 2V antenna: downtilt of the outermost beam (layer 1 from top to bottom), namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 0 to 7
• 8TRX 1V antenna: downtilt of the vertical beam, namely the tilt angle corresponding to CSI beams 0 to 4

Note:
1. In interference-limited scenarios (for example, outdoor coverage), it is recommended that the tilt angle of the adjacent cell be decreased (for example, decreased by upper 3 dB of
the normal line of the reference beam) to reduce outdoor interference.
2. In drive test scenarios, the downtilt of the 3G/4G commercial site cannot be used as a reference for the NR cell. The downtilt needs to be replanned.

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 D-Tilt Planning Principle (64TRX Example)
Vertical Views

Scenario-based Beam Adaptation High Rise

Tower
16

0 5 Vertical 4 layers
Design tilt per target buildings

8 horizontal beams for square Narrow beam for seashore

7
Medium
height
buildings
7 16 Vertical 2 layers
Lower layer to point at cell edge bottom

Vertical layers and X Vertical layers and 1 beam/layer for

0
beams/layer for square+building high building Proposed firstly
Common low
buildings for Ireland market
Vertical 1 layer
Layer to cell edge bottom

Page 17
Typical SSB Beam Patterns Glances (64TRX Example)
Single vertical layer Two vertical layers Four vertical layers

Pattern 0 Pattern 9 Pattern 15

6
5 6
4 56 5
3 3 4 3 4
0 1 2 1
2
1
2
0 0

Pattern 1 Pattern 10 Pattern 16

6
5 3
4 3 2
3 2
0 1 2 1 1
0 0

Note: just illustration as sample, not to guarantee the accuracy

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Step 1: Select AAU SSB Beam Pattern Based on Target Site Scenario
 Configuration suggestion on SSB beam pattern based on scenarios：
 Only low height buildings: Select patterns with vertical beam width 6°among
SCENARIO_0~SCENARIO_5;

 Only medium height buildings: Select patterns with vertical beam width 12°among
SCENARIO_6 ~ SCENARIO_11;
Vertical beam
 Only high buildings: Select patterns with vertical beam width 12°among SCENARIO_12 width 25°
Covers high
~ SCENARIO_16; buildings

 Stronger vertical coverage required, select SCENARIO_1, SCENARIO_6 orSCENARIO_1,

hence the edge points can have better gain;

 When there is interference on the edge of cells, select SCENARIO_2， SCENARIO_3, ， Vertical
beam
SCENARIO_7，SCENARIO_8 or SCENARIO_13 based on height of buildings, hence width 6°
Covers
coverage can be controlled well and less impact got from interference; low
buildings
 When there is isolated building only, select SCENARIO_4, SCENARIO_5, SCENARIO_9,
SCENARIO_10, SCENARIO_11, SCENARIO_14, SCENARIO_15 or SCENARIO_16 based
on building height. Horizontal coverage will be less, and it is not suggested to be used in
seamless coverage scenario;

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Step2: Determinate M-Tilt (Example:64TRX S0 Scenario)
 Total
Tilt:𝛼=arctan(H/R)=arctan(1.5*
H/D)
 Mechanical Tilt =𝛼-Vcsiupper
= arctan(1.5*H/D)-Vcsiupper

CSI upper 3dB line

( reference line for low
building or neighbor
interference control)

<0: uptilt
Vcsiupper= - 6 deg >0: downtilt

CSI Beam envelope 2nd layer CSI main

beams (reference line
20 deg
for high building or no
interference control)

CSI lower
3dB line
Vcsiupper
Antenna M_Tilt CSI upper
3dB line
height:H
𝛼
Cell radius: R

ISD: D

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Step3: Determinate Digital Tilt (Example:64TRX S0 Scenario)
 Digital Tilt:𝛽=arctan(H/R)-M_Tilt
=arctan(1.5*H/D) - M_Tilt=Vcsiupper

 or refer to 4G existing tilt:

 𝛽=4G M_Tilt + 4G RET_Tilt –4G
Ant_VBW*0.5 - 5G M_Tilt ( using 4G
antenna vertical beamwidth)
 𝛽=4G M_Tilt + 4G RET_Tilt – 2 - 5G
M_Tilt (simplified with experience of 2
degree to replace 4G antenna VBW/2)

Init direction of
SSB upper beam
SSB Beam envelope
 For scenario 0 ~ 5, only one layer of SSB
beams in vertical plane
 For different scenario SSB pattern, it has
an adjustable scope on digital tilt. Please
check whether conflicting with this limit, if
so, please tune final digital tilt.
M_Tilt (step 1)
Antenna D_Tilt
Init direction SSB
height:H New SSB beam dir.
𝛼
Cell radius: R

ISD: D

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Summary

1. For new sites: CSI beam envelope determine Mechanical tilt and SSB
beam envelope determine Digital tilt
2. for Co-siting with 4G case, quick setting can be adopted with 2 degree
less than 4G total tilts.

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Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation,
statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology,
etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially
from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided
for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the
information at any time without notice.