BS (MARITIME & BUSINESS MANAGEMENT)[2]-2 (A) Morning/[2]-3 (A) Morning

Assignment No. 1 2 marks

Q1. Why A state may only exercise authority over those vessels bearing its flag. Explain.

Answer:

Flag states refers to those states with powers over vessels bearing their nationality or registered
to them. In order for companies to avoid being bound by the financial obligations,
environmental standards, and/or legal requirements for operation of a particular state, their
vessels are registered to a state with different, and usually lesser, standards.

There is an obvious tension created because the flag state most commonly has exclusive
jurisdiction over these vessels and attempts to ensure greater compliance with laws seeking to
improve maritime security may well run against the interests of the flag state.

Q.2 Which International UN laws will be applicable to mentioned maritime zones of Pakistan.
Make table. Zone. law activity/comments/main points.

Zone law activity main points

Territorial  Article 21 of UNCLOS sets out
waters a list of topics for which
(12nm) coastal states may adopt laws
and regulations
 Coastal states have
sovereignty over their
territorial sea.
Contiguous . According to Article 33, states may
zone (24nm) exercise the control necessary to
prevent and punish the infringement
of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or
sanitary laws and regulations within its
territory or territorial sea in a zone
extending 24 miles from its baselines.
Exclusive the UNCLOS provisions place
economic particular emphasis on system
zone (350) concerns: how coastal states must
manage their living resources in the
EEZ while keeping in mind the needs
of the international system as a whole
 This sovereignty extends to the bed, subsoil, and the
airspace over the territorial sea.
 The safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime
traffic;
 The protection of navigational aids and facilities and other
facilities or installations;
 The protection of cables and pipelines;
 The conservation of the living resources of the sea;
 (e) the prevention of infringement of the fisheries laws
and regulations of the coastal State;
 (f)The preservation of the environment of the coastal
State and the prevention, reduction and control of
pollution thereof;
 (g) marine scientific research and hydrographic surveys;
 (h) the prevention of infringement of the customs, fiscal,
immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations of the
coastal State.
 Coastal states only have ‘control’ in the contiguous zone.
 This power can be exercised by means of all forms of
constraint, such as arresting the ship, escorting it to the
ports of the coastal State, the carrying out of legal
measures, seizure.
 In the Exclusive Economic Zone, coastal states have
sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and
exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources
of these waters and with regard to other activities for the
economic exploitation and exploration of the zone.

Dr. Yasmeen Zamir Maritime Sciences

BS (MARITIME & BUSINESS MANAGEMENT)[2]-2 (A) Morning/[2]-3 (A) Morning

 Coastal states also have jurisdiction with regard to the

establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and
structures; marine scientific research; and the protection
and preservation of the marine environment.

 The coastal state only has economic-related rights in the

EEZ

 Two accepted activities over which coastal states have

enforcement authority in the EEZ under UNCLOS: fishing
and pollution.

Dr. Yasmeen Zamir Maritime Sciences