applied

sciences
 idc iuc iub iua
+
vua
−
vdc
Rt
2
Lt
ia R L va
vb
ib vc
ic
Rt
vdc Lt
2 +
vla
−
ilc ilb ila
 *
I mj +
PI j
I mj − ×
ωj ×
× +
β *
j +
PI j + ( 0.5Lt + L )
βj −
ωj vukj
Time
× + sin() ( 0.5Rt + R )
+
2π
n +
3 × × −
cos()

*
vmj cos()
+ × −
PI j
vmj −
−
vlkj
+

(a)

vdc
+
idc 2
3 × −
Rt

v( ul ) k1 + v(ul ) k

v(ul ) k 5 +

v(ul ) k 7 +
.
.
.
v(ul ) kj +

(b)
 +

vukj
−

−
ω2
Lt ×
*
I mcir 2 + × × +
PI c 2
I mcir 2 − Rt ×

α cir
*
+ × −
2 cos()
PI c 2 +
α cir 2 −
ω2 −
× + sin()
Time
+ +
2π vlkj
n +
3 +
+
−

(a)
 vdc
2 +
idc
3 × −
Rt
I dc _ cir
× − v(ul ) k
Rt

v( ul ) k 1 +
v( ul ) k 5 +
v( ul ) k 7 . +
.
.
v(ul ) kj +

(b)
 +

vukj
−

−
*
I mcirj +
PI cj
I mcirj − ×
ωj × +
×

α cirj
*
+
PI cj + Lt −
α cirj −
ωj
× + sin() Rt
Time −
+
2π
n + +
3 × × vlkj
cos() +
+
−

(a)
vdc
2 +
idc
3 × −
Rt
I dc _ cir
× − v(ul ) k
Rt

v( ul ) k 1 +
v( ul ) k 5 +
v( ul ) k 7 . +
.
.
v( ul ) kj +

(b)
 2
Upper and Lower CL1

1.5

Upper CL1
1 Lower CL1

0.5

0
0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48
Time[s]

(a)
2
Upper and Lower CL2

1.5

Upper CL2 Lower CL2

1

0.5

0
0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48
Time[s]

(b)
2
Upper and Lower CL3

1.5

1 Upper CL3 Lower CL3

0.5

0
0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.48
Time[s]
(c)
(a)

(b)

(c)
(a)
(b)

(c)

(a)
(b)

(c)
 idc

vu ( a ,b ,c ) S

Upper
SMs S

iu(abc) Nonlinear Loads

i(abc) v(abc)

vl ( a ,b ,c ) iL(abc) Equation 2

Lower
SMs
S

Harmonic Discriminant of
Circulating Currents

Circulating Currents Harmonic Discriminant of

I mcir 2 Output Currents
+
PI
* -
Harmonic Discriminant of
 cir 2 I mcir 2 Output Voltages
+ . . .
PI
-
 cir
*
2 I mcirj
. . . +
PI
- *
 cirj I mcirj
+
PI
-  cirj
*

MMC Output Currents I m1

+
PI
-
1 I m* 1
Equations +
PI  2* . . .
(8), (11) and -
. . . I mj
(14) PI
+
- *
j I mj
+
PI
-  *j
MMC Output Voltages vm1
+
PI
-
. . . . vm* 1
. . . .
vmj
. . . . +
PI
- *
vmj
(a)

(b)

(c)
(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)
(b)

(c)
(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)

(b)
(c)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(a)
(b)

(c)