Task I: Research Portfolio

Australia – India – Brazil

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Contents
Collaboration with OECD.............................................................................................................................1
Comparison of National Policy and Guidelines............................................................................................1
Australia..................................................................................................................................................1
India.........................................................................................................................................................2
Brazil........................................................................................................................................................2
Negotiation Styles.......................................................................................................................................3
Global economic and specific trends and practices.....................................................................................3
Legislation and codes affecting aspects of marketing operations...............................................................4
a) Role of the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI)........................................................4
b) The ASCI Code: Self-Regulation of Advertising.........................................................................4
c) Laws Governing Media...............................................................................................................4
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................5
 Collaboration with OECD
The OECD has played a key role in organizational development of various countries, particularly
Brazil and India, two companies under consideration for this report. As a major player of this
partnership, India is part of all OCED databases and analysis and their participation in OECD
forums and initiatives is considered as an opportunity for Indian policy makers to benefit from.
With aim of advancing domestic reforms and increasing global relevance of OECD, this union
aims to press on key policy changes globally such as at the G20 summit [ CITATION ino12 \l 1033 ] .
The OECD-Brazil program has taken this partnership to a higher level with greater participation
from Brazil in OECD bodies, projects, and programs. Australia and OECD share a vision over
economic growth and have developed a collaboration involving OECD’s evidence-based
economic and social policy analysis as well as social policy work including health, education,
employment, trade, investment, climate changes, and food

Comparison of National Policy and Guidelines

Australia

The Australian government at federal, state and district level monitor business and other
activities effecting environment and making sure that all practices are adhered to. From their first
comprehensive waste management approach in 1992 the country has focused also developed heir
National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development with aims to improve efficiency,
reduce waste, improve management of hazardous waste and address clean-up issues [ CITATION
LeB03 \l 1033 ].

As far as labour rights are concerned, under the commonwealth constitution, the Workplace
Relation Act 1996 aims to promote labour welfare, set wage=rates and develop framework for
cooperative workplace relations which promotes their economic and social welfare. Packaging of
products aims to conform to national legislation on preventing any risk to consumer health,
protect environment from wastes and must abide by all international and national quality
standards. Aims to maintain risk management is under consideration of Performance and
Accountability Act (PGPAA) 2013 that involves an appropriate system of risk oversight,

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management for the entity and system for internal controls. The guidelines on e-commerce seek
to improve consumer confidence in rising digital platforms and increase ease of business for
traders. The guidelines include aims to develop fair business practices, improve regulation of
accessibility and disability access along with advertising and marketing.

India

The Indian constitution underlines major elements of environmental protection and makes it the
responsibility of its citizens to protect all-natural environments and living beings under Part IVA
(Art 51A-Fundamental Duties). With a large population facing challenges of poverty, health and
food shortages, India lacks behind other nations in providing basic human rights to the majority
[ CITATION Mar16 \l 1033 ]. However, the Indian constitution aims to create equal living standards
for large minorities and different religious and cultural practices. With a vast labour force, the
Indian legislation treats everyone equal before the law and orders state to prevent discrimination
against any citizen.

Packaging of products aims to conform to national legislation on preventing any risk to

consumer health, protect environment from wastes and must abide by all international and
national quality standards. Aims to maintain risk management is under consideration of  Part VII
of the Prevention of Food Adulteration (PFA) Rules, 1955, and the Standards of Weights and
Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rules of 1977 that involves an appropriate system of risk
oversight, management for the entity and system for internal controls. The guidelines on e-
commerce seek to improve consumer confidence in rising digital platforms and increase ease of
business for traders. The guidelines include aims to develop fair business practices, improve
regulation of accessibility and disability access along with advertising and marketing. The
national e-commerce policy addresses issues pertinent to consumer privacy, data protection and
evaluation of critical issues and aims growth of Digital India initiative.

Brazil

In recent years, Brazil has taken significant measures on environmental concerns by introducing
National Policy on Waste Management that aims to improve waste disposal, regulate issues, and
increase shared responsibilities. All businesses, industries and enterprises are bound to follow

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these regulations. In a country burdened with poverty and crime rate, the primary purpose of
Brazil’s human rights is protection of its citizens. With the help pf NGO’s, civil society and
private sector, the objective is to provide basic necessities such as health care, food, education
and freedom of speech. Despite a surge in unemployment, Brazil has witnesses greater
compliance with labour obligations with improved conditions of workers right while maintaining
competitive levels[ CITATION Ste06 \l 1033 ].

The product requirements in Brazil must adhere to Brazilian consumer code of 1990 which
emphasizes on ensuring correct information for consumer, provide accurate quantity and quality
without any risk to human health or environment. With the e-commerce market not as
widespread, the country lacks major constitutional or legislative framework. However, e-
commerce businesses must comply with consumer protection regulations.

Negotiation Styles
The Brazilian people tend to develop a greater command towards the end of negotiations with a
knack of always leading discussions. They are passionate and aggressive individuals with
tendency to speak more but convey their message in a friendly way. They are always open to a
discussion and encourage cross cultural participation and different perspectives. Meanwhile,
Indians excel in ambiguity and always keep the appearances of others to negotiations. They
prefer to have mutually agreed solutions, are always flexible to seeking opinion of others and
hold words spoken as highly valuable. Lastly, Australians tend to develop a frank conversational
style, they prefer creativity and do not compromise on method and quality. They prefer to keep
clarity in negotiations and emphasize on leaving good final impressions. While Australians
openly seek cross-cultural perspectives, Indians generally tend to resist opinions from outsiders
[ CITATION Xie17 \l 1033 ].

Global economic and specific trends and practices

Australia has witnessed growth and a decline in unemployment with major contributions from
mining and construction industries. Healthcare, construction, and services sector has experienced
the most rise in jobs. Brazil has gone through of a period of social and economic prosperity till
2014 but now again faces issues such as poverty, increasing crime rates and rising population.
Much of this has been down to economic underactivity and growing unproductivity leading to

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unemployment. India, despite channeling massive growth in last 10 years, is on the verge of a
economic decline due to aging population, rising unemployment and everlasting poverty. The
twofold challenges India faces are of increasing productivity to a level that delivers required
GDP growth rate and how to increase productivity in industries that are lagging behind others

Legislation and codes affecting aspects of marketing operations

 Australia

a) Association for data driven marketing and advertising – code of conduct

b) ACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission)
c) ACMA (Australian Communications and Media Authority)
Internet Industry Spam Code of Practice

 India

a) Role of the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI)

b) The ASCI Code: Self-Regulation of Advertising
c) Laws Governing Media

 Brazil
a) Standards of Weight & Measures Act, 1976

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 Bibliography
Inoue, C. Y. A., & Vaz, A. C. (2012). Brazil as ‘Southern donor’: beyond hierarchy and national interests in
development cooperation?. Cambridge review of international affairs, 25(4), 507-534.

LeBaron, M. (2003). Culture-based negotiation styles. Guy & Heidi Burgess (eds.). Beyond Intractability.
Conflict Research Consortium. U. of Colorado.

Marshall, S. D., & Balaton-Chrimes, S. (2016). Tribal Claims against the Vedanta Bauxite Mine in
Niyamgiri, India: What Role Did the UK OECD National Contact Point Play in Instigating Free, Prior and
Informed Consent?. Non-Judicial Redress Mechanisms Report Series, 9.

Sterck, M., & Bouckaert, G. (2006). International audit trends in the public sector: a comparison of internal
audit functions in the governments of six OECD countries finds similarities in legal requirements,
organizational structure, and future challenges. Internal Auditor, 63(4), 49-53.

Xie, E., Reddy, K. S., & Liang, J. (2017). Country-specific determinants of cross-border mergers and
acquisitions: A comprehensive review and future research directions. Journal of World Business, 52(2),
127-183.

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