8/6 Complete the text with the words in the box.

asylum procedure borders headlines imprisonment the displaced

border personnel deterrence immigration policing immigration policies
Tackling the causes of asylum
by Ruud Lubbers
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Worried European Union leaders have every reason to place illegal __________________ at the top of the
agenda. Their inability to manage the complex mix of economic migrants and asylum seekers converging on
their _________________ is causing them major political headaches and making daily _________________
across Europe.
It is irrational for governments to spend millions of euros on reinforcing borders, and various methods of
___________________, without simultaneously investing in solutions at the source of the problem. It makes a
lot more sense to help __________________ and the dispossessed at home, or close to home. Otherwise,
desperate people will continue to take desperate measures, including resorting to human smugglers.
Much needs to be done in the EU itself, including the development of common asylum and _______________
_____________. Many of those reaching Europe's borders are genuine refugees. But many more are not. Strict
ans workable policies are needed to sort the economic migrants from the refugees.
Better ________________ of EU borders is fine, provided that refugees still have access to a fair ___________
______________. Highly trained ______________________ will ensure that nobody is sent back to face
persecution, ___________________, torture or death.
Find words in the text that mean:
1 people looking for a more comfortable life in another country _____________________________
2 people seeking official permission to stay in another country
in order to avoid persecution in their own country. _____________________________
3 people who have lost all their property and belongings _____________________________
4 people who are paid by others to help them to travel secretly
and illegally to another country _____________________________
5 people fleeing war or persecution _____________________________
9/7 Verb + preposition: Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
1 The state-funded health service accounts for about 90% of public spending.
2 In times of difficulty he always turns ____________ his parents.
3 His conviction for dangerous driving counted ______________ him when he was looking to renew his
motor insurance.
4 A new survey shows that there is an alarming number of babies born ____________ girls under sixteen.
5 A: How did he react ___________ your suggestion? B: He didn't like it.
6 My boss insists ____________ travelling first class when he goes on business trips.
7 The money they've saved over the years amounts _______________ a small fortune.
8 After qualifying ____________ an accountant, he secured a well-paid job with an oil company.
9 She takes herself very seriously. She hates being laughed _____________.
10 The reporter questioned the minister______________ the government's immigration policy.
11 You shouldn't interfere ______________ business that doesn't concern you.
12 The managing director is hinting ____________ the possibility of a big pay rise, but he won't make a
firm commitment until the sales figures are in.
13 The government claims it has been successful in the fight against crime, but says we should guard
_______________ complacency.
14 The USA declared war _____________ Germany on 6 April 1917.
15 She was seething _____________ anger at the cruel way the refugees were treated.
Complete the sentences with the nouns in the box to make common collocations.
diplomacy elections endorsement fervour headache identity
measures mix policies stability statement support

1 I find it very difficult to make up my mind about the euro. It's such a complex __________________ of
political and economic arguments.
2 Only the United Nations can bring peace and long-term _________________ to the region.
3 The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of national _________________ and hate it when they are
mistakenly referred to as 'English'.
4 Opinion polls show overwhelming public __________________ for the government's actions, so there's
unlikely to be a change now.
5 There's always a danger when a leader stirs the people up into a patriotic _________________.
6 The Prime Minister's statement didn't meet with the approval of his own party, but it received the
personal __________________ of the US President.
7 The wave of strikes has caused the government a serious political ________________.
8 Virtually all the attempts to persuade teenagers not to take drugs have proved unrealistic. We need some
workable __________________ to tackle the problem.
9 The government resorted to desperate _________________ to avert the economic crisis.
10 The minister made an emotional public _________________ in an attempt to end media speculation
about her family life.
11 After twelve years of totalitarian rule, the president unexpectedly called multi-party _______________.
12 The border dispute can only be resolved by discussion and negotiation, not by gunboat
_________________.
11/2 Correcting mistakes: Find and correct the seven mistakes in tense usage.
There are five in the first paragraph and two in the second.
1 Harry came into the room and sat down, exhausted. He had a terrible day at the office and had only just
arrived home. Mary had come round later and she almost certainly wanted to go out. Harry wasn't sure if
he could face that. At least he had his holiday to look forward to. By this time next week he'd sit on a
sun-drenched beach and sip cocktails.
2 John expected to get a decent rise because he worked at the publishing company for many years. He
knew he sold more books every year than any of his fellow sales representatives. He'd been selling books
all his life and had known exactly what approach to adopt with every bookshop he visited.
1 __________________________________ 2 __________________________________
3 __________________________________ 4 __________________________________
5 __________________________________ 6 __________________________________
7 __________________________________