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Grade 10
I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, 80% of the students should be able to
1. Illustrate events, and union and intersection of events
2. Solve probabilities of a union of two events and intersection of events
3. Show self-reliance in applying the probability in real-world.
III. Procedure
A. Learning Activities
Thank you for the prayer. Now I have to check (the student says present when names are
your attendance. Say present when your name is called)
called.
Please pass your assignment. (students pass their assignment)
B. Motivation
Are you familiar with the games of chance? Will Yes. Maam. Such as lotto? (student 2
you give me an example? answered)
You are right. Lotto is a very good example.
Other example? I think a game like the game of a gambler?
(student 3 answered)
Yes. That is also one of the example.
Do you know that the likelihood of winning in
any game of chance can be estimated using How is it Ma’am? (students ask)
probability?
Later on we will discuss it. Do you want know
it? Yes. Maam! We like to know it.
Hmmm. Class? Do you like me to give you an Yes. Maam! And we are excited!
activity? So that you will enjoy?
By the way, this activity requires you to apply
your prior knowledge about probability that has (the students are counting themselves)
been tackled in your previous Math class. I have
to group you into 4. Count from 1 to 4.
And you may find your groupmate. And form in
a circle. You may get an illustration board here (the students after finding the group form a
from my table and a chalk to write down your circle)
answer. The group who has a correct answer
may be given a point. So are you ready?
So I have here some instructional material.
Please listen and observe the representation so (the students listen and observe carefully)
you may answer the problem and got a reward.
The extracurricular activities in which the senior
class at Kananga National High School
participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below. The question is like these.
Anyone? Can you give me another example? The probability of getting 6 dots in a die is 1
out of 6.
Yes, that is correct. Suppose that a coin is tossed
100 times and fall heads 45 times out of 100, Ma’am? The probability of getting a head is
what is the probability of getting a head? 45/100 equals 9/20.
Very good!
Compound Events: Events which consist of
Ahm. What is compound events? Open your more than one outcome are called compound
book on page events. A compound event consists of two or
more simple events.
We have the same definition. The compound
events is composed of more simple events.
If two events, A and B, are mutually
So one of the laws of probability is about exclusive, then the probability that either A
mutually exclusive events, would you like to or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities.
state it to us? Mr./Ms. Student 5? In symbols,
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
Mutually exclusive events are events that do
Thank you Mr./Ms. Student 5? By the way class, not have common sample points, that is, A ∩
what is mutually exclusive events? B = ϕ. In other words, the events cannot occur
simultaneously.
If a card is drawn from an ordinary deck of
playing cards, the probability that it will
Thank you. Would you give me an example? either be an ace or a queen is, by letting A as
an ace and Q as a queen,
P(A) = 4/52, P(Q) = 4/52 and P(A ∪ Q) =
4/52 + 4/52 = 8/52 = 2/13.
Very good for your solution.
If two events, A and B, are not mutually
exclusive, then the probability that either A
Now what about not mutually exclusive events? or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities
will you please read? decreased by the probability of both
occurring. In symbols,
P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B).
Solution: Let A be the event that a heart will
be drawn and let B be the event that a king
Example: if a card is drawn from an ordinary will be drawn. The probability that it will
deck of playing cards, what is the probability either be a heart or a king is equal to P(A ∪
that it will either be a heart or a king? B). Note that P(A) = 13/52, P(B) = 4/52 and
P (A ∩ B) = 1/52. Hence,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A ∩ B) = 13/52
+ 4/52 – 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13.
2. Fixing Skills
Now, it’s your turn to answer the questions on
the board.
In the experiment of tossing a die, let E be the
event that an even number of dots come up and
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
F be the event that and odd number of dots will
E = {2, 4, 6}
come up. Then answer P(A ∪ B)
F = {1, 3, 5}
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) = 3/6 + 3/6 = 1
Yes. Very good student 7. Your answer is
correct.
Solution: Let A be the event of obtaining less
Find the probability of obtaining less than 5 dots
than 5 dots. Then A is the union of mutually
when an ordinary die is tossed.
exclusive events such as getting 1 dot, getting
2 dots, getting 3 dots and getting 4 dots. Then,
Very good student 8, you also have a correct
P(A) = 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6 = 4/6 or 2/3.
answer.
In tossing a coin twice, what is the probability of Solution: P(one head) = 2/4 , P(two heads) =
getting at least one head? ¼ and P (one head ∪ two heads) = 0 since an
event with one head can never have two
Very good also student 9. You got the correct heads.
answer.
Class? Do you have any clarification about the None so far Ma’am. We understood the
lesson? lesson well.
3. Generalization
Do you learned our topic today? Yes. Ma’am. It is simple.
I learned that in getting the union of
probability, we have to know first if it is
What did you learned?
mutually or not mutually exclusive events.
The union of the probability of getting an
events is you just have to add their
probabilities.
(Student 10)
Yes that is the rule of the union in mutually In intersection, the rule is like before. Just add
exclusive events. Any other things you learned? their probabilities to get it.
Yes, union and intersection of events are the
Ma’am we have, P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) and
same in solving its probabilities.
P(A or B)= P(A)+ P(B) – P(A and B).
What are the rules we learned today?
The first formula is if it is? What event is it? If it is mutually exclusive events.
And the other one? Not mutually exclusive events.
Very good. You understand the lesson today
Yes. Ma’am! We merely understand it!
right?
4. Application
In the same group, complete the tasks that I have Clubs Queen
to give you.
You only have 10 minutes to complete your ∪ ∩ ∪ ∩
tasks. Spade 13/26 0 13/26 1
After 10 minutes, you have to post your work on King 4/13 1 2/13 0
the board. Find the union and intersection of the Solution:
following. Complete the table below. Clubs ∪ Spade = 13/52 + 13/52 = 26/52
Clubs ∩ Spade = 0
Clubs Heart Queen King ∪ Clubs = 4/52 + 13 / 52 – 1/52 = 16/52
King ∩ Clubs = 1
∪ ∩ ∪ ∩ ∪ ∩ Spade ∪ Queen = 13/52 + 4/52 – 1/52 = 26/52
Spade Spade ∩ Queen = 1
Diamond King ∪ Queen = 4/52 + 4/52 = 8/52
King King ∩ Queen = 0
IV. Evaluation
Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
There are a total of 48 students in Grade 10 Charity. Twenty are boys and 28 are girls.
1. If a teacher randomly selects a student to represent the class in a school meeting, what is
the probability that a
a. boy is chosen? b. girl is chosen?
2. If a committee of 3 students is formed, what is the probability that
a. all are girls? b. two are boys and one is a girl?
V. Assignment
Consider the situation below and answer the questions that follow.
1. A restaurant serves a bowl of candies to their customers. The bowl of candies
Gabriel receives has 10 chocolate candies, 8 coffee candies, and 12 caramel candies.
After Gabriel chooses a candy, he eats it. Find the probability of getting candies with
the indicated flavors.
a. P (chocolate or coffee)
b. P (coffee or caramel)
c. P (caramel or not coffee)
d. P (chocolate or not caramel)
2. Rhian likes to wear colored shirts. She has 15 shirts in the closet. Five of these are
blue, four are in different shades of red, and the rest are of different colors. What is the
probability that she will wear a blue or a red shirt?