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Abstract
A computer program allows us to generate 3250 (55) 5-letter words as pentagrams from a 5x5 letters
alphabetic array. A list of circa 40 pentagrams could be restored. 24 pentagrams start with a lingual
(D, T or L) and 14 with a labial letter (F, B, M, P, W).
Most (of the 10) perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for the sky-god: (D)IOU(S),
DEIWOS, D(E)IUOS, DIAUS, DIÉU(S), DYEUS. Another set of sky-gods with 2 vowels is:
TIVAR, TIVAS, TIWAS, TIWAZ. An third set of perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for
the most popular royal names (Ch)LOUIS, LOUIS, LEWIS of the Frankish nobility.
The royal dynasties may have supported their power by using a special design for the composition
of their royal names, which may be compared to the divine names of the sky-gods such as DIÉU(S).
Both naming conventions imply a composition rule: “to use as much categories as possible”.
The sky-god D,I,Ε,V,S may have created a human being, who in Provencal had to be composed
from a subset of the divine letters “I,Ε,V,” which symbolize the personal pronoun of the first person
singular (“I”).
An analysis of Frankish and Merovingian dynasties results in a list of royal names with a
considerable amount of determined pentagrams as cores. The Frankish and Merovingian dynasties
may have named their royal offspring according to the classification of an alphabet, which may be
based on a Hebrew / Phoenican alphabet.
The perfect pentagrams FRANK and LOUIS may have been reserved for the king's name. In France
LOUIS may have been the most popular royal name. The name FRANK also had been used to
define the kingdom's (FRANCE) and the people's name (FRANKS).
The imperfect pentagrams describe the standard royal names, whereas the imperfect names indicate
problematic reigns, which did not allow to install a planned king. Examples are for such reigns are
PEPIN, ODO, ROBΕRT, HUGH CAPΕT, PHILIP and JOHANNES.
76% of the statistical analysis of historic expressions are imperfect words, which contain less than 5
phonetic categories. Imperfect Pentagrams (15, [20%]) are: BYZANTIUM, JΕRUSALΕM,
MASSALIA, PYRΕNΕ, PΕRICLΕS, AUGUSTUS, CVRIALΕS, PATRICK, DRUIDΕ,
AUSTRALIA, BRITAIN, BΕRLIN, CAROLUS, CLOVIS, GERMAN.
Perfect Pentagrams (3, [4%]) are: ISLAM, MINOS, FRANC.
If we rotate the alphabetical array 90° to the left we may read the name T9-I10-Ε5-V6-S15 we may
identify IΕV or IΕU as the Great Name and the name TIΕUS, which is close to DIAUS1.
Results
Generating pentagrams
The 5 categories may be varying from language to language and may also depend on the age of the
language. I decided to create a computer program to generate the 3250 perfect pentagrams, which
may help to find more samples for a reliable analysis.
Most (of the 10) perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for the sky-god: (D)IOU(S),
DEIWOS, D(E)IUOS, DIAUS, DIÉU(S), DYEUS. Another set of sky-gods with 2 vowels is:
TIVAR, TIVAS, TIWAS, TIWAZ.
Another set of perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for the most popular royal names
(Ch)LOUIS, LOUIS, LEWIS.
The analysis of the Frankish royal names
I studied the 5 categories for the sky-gods' names such as DYAUS and TIVAR, which may have
inspired the FRANKs to compose the Frankish royal names from 5 categories, resulting in FRANK,
(Ch)LOVIS and KAROLVS, whose names often have been based on the imperfect and occasionally
perfect pentagrams. The name FRANK (Dutch: “free”) may be related to LIBER (Latin: “free”).
Statistics
A statistical analysis of the perfect and imperfect pentagrams results in a list of 75 historical
definitions, which are referenced in a TV-documentary named “Die Europa-Saga (1/6)”.
Of these 75 words we may 76% categorize as imperfect words (with less than 5 categories), 20% as
imperfect pentagrams (with 5 categories and more than 5 letters) and 4% perfect pentagrams (with 5
categories and 5 letters). Statistically the pattern may be interpreted as a result of a randomized
process in generating “readable words” from a standard 22-letter alphabet. Some words may look
like perfect pentagrams, but these compositions may be random compositions.
The analysis of the divine names of the sky-gods and the Frankish royal names however seem to be
deliberate compositions of perfect and imperfect pentagrams. The alphabet's categories may be
based on the shared Hebrew & Phoenician alphabet.
Statistical analysis
2 Film von Sabine Klauser, Gero von Boehm, Christel Fromm und Martin Carazo ... Christopher Clark bei
seiner Reise durch die Kultur und Geschichte Europas.
The Standardization of Classification
The analysis is based on the following Classification of the Hebrew Alphabet.
The Hebrew alphabet does not explicitly document the vowels. With the help of the Mothers of
Reading the vowels may be defined by the letters Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16, I10, and V6. Usually the letter
Gh16 also includes the vowel “O”.
Statistics
The following (incomplete) list contains 35 perfect pentagrams:
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 1 vowel
• 15 perfect pentagrams with 2 vowels
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels
24 pentagrams start with a lingual (D, T or L) and 14 with a labial letter (F, B, M, P, W). Only 3
pentagrams (versions of → JUDAS) start with a palatal letter (J, I, Y).
Most (of the 10) perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for the sky-god: (D)IOU(S),
DEIWOS, D(E)IUOS, DIAUS, DIÉU(S), DYEUS. Another set of sky-gods with 2 vowels is:
TIVAR, TIVAS, TIWAS, TIWAZ.
Another set of perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels are reserved for the royal names (Ch)LOUIS,
LOUIS, LEWIS.
TIVAR
TIVAS
TIWAS
TIWAZ
Table 5: Overview of the Dictionary of some Indo-European Pentagrams
An overview may also be listed as follows:
FRANK DIVES *DEIWOS
BRENG LIBER D(E)IUOS
BRANGA LIMES DIAUS
PRANG LIVER DYEUS
PRANGER LIVES DIÉU(S)
PRONG TIVAR (D)IOU(S)
PRACHT TIWAZ
VRACHT TIWAS JUDAS
WRANG TIVAS ῚOΎΔΑΣ
WRONG TIBER YEHÛDÂH
TIBERINUS
PITAR TIBERIUS LOUIS
FAÐIR (Ch)LOUIS
MINOS TERUG LEWIS
PYOTR THUIS NIEU(W)S
Table 8 Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian and some successor dynasties
Not all imperfect names are listed. Only a number of samples is documented as a contrast to the
royal names.
The Frankish and Merovingian dynasties may have named their royal offspring according to the
classification of an alphabet.
The perfect pentagrams FRANK and LOUIS may have been reserved for the king's name. In France
LOUIS may have been the most popular royal name. The name FRANK also had been used to
define the kingdom's (FRANCE) and the people's name (FRANKS).
The imperfect pentograms describe the standard royal names, whereas the imperfect names indicate
problematic reigns, which did not allow to install a planned king. Examples are for such reigns are
PEPIN, ODO, ROBΕRT, HUGH CAPΕT, PHILIP and JOHANNES.
Imperfect Names Imperfect pentagrams (20) Perfect pentagrams (2)
SUNNO GΕNNOBAUDΕS,
MARCOMΕR CLODIUS, ChILDΕRICUS.
MALLOBAUDΕS
FARAMUND
MΕROWΕCh
ThΕUDΕBΕRT CLOVIS, ChILDΕBΕRT, ThΕUDΕRIC, ChLODΕMΕR, ChARIBΕRT,
ThΕUDΕBALD SIGIBΕRT, ChILPΕRIC, GUNTRAM, DAGOBΕRT
ChLOThAR
PIPPIN KAROLVS (Charlemagne)
GRIMOALD LOUIS
CARLOMAN
LOThARIUS.
HUGH CAPΕT HΕNRICVS
ROBΕRT , ODO,
PHILIP, JOHN
CAROLVS
EDWARD FRANCISCVS FRANK
ADOLPh WILHELMUS
JOHANN FRIDΕRICUS
SIGISMUND
GEORG
Table 9: Abbreviated overview of the Frankish and Merovingian and some successor dynasties
Some of the imperfect names may not have been allowed to carry “royal names” with letters from
all 5 categories. The minor nobility may be checked by analyzing the number of the categories in
the name. Most successors of minor nobility are found as soon as the royal pedigree is dying out or
the royal power is failing. Such problems occurred at the reigns of Pepin (PEPIN, c. 580 – 640),
(ODO, Odo I (888–898) and ROBΕRT, Robert I (922–923), Hugh Capet (HUGH CAPΕT, 987-
996), Philip (PHILIP) and John I (JOHANNES).
The name Philip was of Greek origin, which indicates how an irregular name may disturb the
pattern of the name-giving traditions.
• The name WIDUKIND of Charlemagne's opponent Widukind is composed from 3
categories, in which the gutturals and dentals are missing.
• Pepin (PEPIN, c. 580 – 640) does not belong to the royal dynasty and could not be equipped
with a royal name. He was lord of a great part of Brabant, and governor of Austrasia, when
Theodebert II. king of that country was defeated by Theodoric II, king of Burgundy.[1]
• After the end of the ninth century, the descendants of Robert the Strong became
indispensable in carrying out royal policies. As Carolingian power failed, the great nobles of
West Francia began to assert that the monarchy was elective, not hereditary, and twice chose
Robertians (ODO, Odo I (888–898) and ROBΕRT, Robert I (922–923)) as kings, instead of
Carolingians.
• Hugh Capet (HUGH CAPΕT, 987 to 996). The son of the powerful duke Hugh the Great and
his wife Hedwige of Saxony (HΕDWIGΕ), he was elected as the successor of the last
Carolingian king, Louis V (LOVIS or LOUIS, LEWIS). Hugh was descended from
Charlemagne's sons Louis the Pious and Pepin of Italy through his mother and paternal
grandmother, respectively, and was also a nephew of Otto the Great.
• Philip (PHILIPPUS) was born 23 May 1052 at Champagne-et-Fontaine, the son of Henry I
and his wife Anne of Kiev.[3] Unusually for the time in Western Europe, his name was of
Greek origin, being bestowed upon him by his mother. Although he was crowned king at the
age of seven,[4] until age fourteen (1066) his mother acted as regent, the first queen of
France ever to do so.
• John I (JOHANNES) reigned for five days under the regency of his uncle, Philip the Tall of
France, until his death on 20 November 1316. His death ended the three centuries of father-
to-son succession to the French throne. The infant king was buried in the Basilica of Saint-
Denis. He was succeeded by his uncle, Philip, whose contested legitimacy led to the re-
affirmation of the Salic law, which excluded women from the line of succession to the
French throne.
Overview of the Salian, Staufer and Austria-Dynasties
Some of the Salians considered their reign as a replacement of divine power, which also may have
symbolized by divine-like naming conventions, such as the pentagrams REX SALICUS (Latin:
Salian king) CUNRAD (COHUNRADUS, CUNERAD for Conrad) and WITBERT (WICBERT,
respectively (VUIBERTUS). The imperial name HENRY (Latin: HENDRICUS, German:
HEINRICh) already had been inherited as a pentagram from the Latin version of Henry I.
The early Salians owed much of their success to their alliance with the Church, a policy
begun by Otto I, which gave them the material support they needed to subdue rebellious
dukes.[1] In time, however, the Church came to regret this close relationship.[1] The
alliance broke down in 1075 during what came to be known as the Investiture
Controversy (or Investiture Dispute), a struggle in which the reformist Pope, Gregory
VII, demanded that Emperor Henry IV renounce his rights over the Church in Germany.
[1] The pope also attacked the concept of monarchy by divine right. 4
In 1028 Conrad II had his son Henry III elected and anointed king of Germany. Henry's tenure led
to an overstatement of previously unknown sacral kingship. So during this reign Speyer Cathedral
was expanded to be the largest church in Western Christendom.
The reign of the 4 Salian emperors however lasted only one century5:
• Conrad II 1024–1039, crowned emperor on 26 March 1027
• Henry III 1039–1056, crowned emperor on 25 December 1046
• Henry IV 1056–1106, crowned emperor on 31 March 1084
◦ Conrad (III) 1087–1098, nominal king under his father Henry IV
• Henry V 1106–1125, crowned emperor on 13 April 1111.
3 Salian monarchy
4 Salian dynasty
5 Salian Kings and Emperors
The Habsburger (or Austria-) dynasty
The House of Habsburg or AUSTRIA-dynasty was one of the most influential and distinguished
royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the
Habsburgs from 1440 until their extinction in the male line in 1740 and, after the death of Francis I,
from 1765 until its dissolution in 1806. The house takes its name from Habsburg Castle, a fortress
built in the 1020s in present-day Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau, by Count Radbot RADBOT
of Klettgau, who named his fortress HABSBURG.
King / Emperor Lifespan Categorized Number of
Name categories
House of Habsburg Frederick III, 1415–1493 FRIDΕRICUS 5
Maximilian I 1459–1519 MAXIMILIAN 4
Charles V 1500–1558 ChARLΕS 4
CAROLUS 5
Ferdinand I 1503–1564 FΕRDINAND 5
Maximilian II 1527–1576 MAXIMILIAN 4
Rudolph 1552–1612 RUDOLPh 4
Matthias 1557–1619 MATThIAS 5
Ferdinand II 1578–1637 FΕRDINAND 5
Ferdinand III 1608–1657 FΕRDINAND 5
Leopold I 1640–1705 LΕOPOLD 4
Joseph I 1678–1711 JOSΕPh 4
Charles VI 1685–1740
1742–1745: House of Charles VII 1697–1745
CHARLΕS 4
Wittelsbach CAROLUS 5
From this list we may identify the names as imperfect pentagrams: FRIDΕRICUS6, CAROLUS,
FΕRDINAND, MATThIAS, and FRANCIS.
Nero
As usual Nero (NΕRO) had been given many names: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus
Germanicus, but somehow none of the more respectable names in this list had been chosen for his
historical name-giving. Nero, originally named Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, belonged to the
Julio-Claudian dynasty, and was adopted as heir by the emperor Claudius, his great-uncle and
stepfather. His infamous reign is usually associated with tyranny, extravagance and debauchery.
68–96: The Year (69 AD) of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty
Main articles: Year of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty
Galba
Galba ( GALBA ) is an ancient Roman cognomen borne by a branch of the patrician gens Sulpicia.
Galba was not related to any of the emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, but he was a
member of a distinguished noble family. The origin of the cognomen Galba is uncertain.
Suetonius offers a number of possible explanations; the first member of the gens
Sulpicia to bear the name might have gotten the name from the term galba, which the
Romans used to describe the Gauls, or after an insect called galbae.[3]
The name is sometimes thought to be Celtic in origin, from a root related to Old Irish
golb, "paunchy, fat."[1] Suetonius offers four possible derivations, including the Gaulish
galba meaning "fat."[2]
96–192: The Nerva–Antonine dynasty
Main article: Nerva–Antonine dynasty
(according to the definition: linguals: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22 , for the palatals: G3, I10, Ch11, K19, for the
gutturals: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16, for the labials: B2, V6, M13, Ph17, and for the dentals: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21),
Machiavelli argued that these adopted emperors earned the respect of those around them through
good governing:
Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus had no need of praetorian
cohorts, or of countless legions to guard them, but were defended by their own good
lives, the good-will of their subjects, and the attachment of the senate.[5]
395–476: Last western emperors
The last western emperors reveal a great number of imperfect pentagrams (names with 5 categories,
according to the definition: linguals: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22 , for the palatals: G3, I10, Ch11, K19, for the
gutturals: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16, for the labials: B2, V6, M13, Ph17, and for the dentals: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21).
The last generation of western emperors may have chosen their names with a maximal number (5)
of categories. Exceptions are Libius Severus (LIBIUS SEVERUS) and Julius Nepos (JULIUS
NEPOS):
Chronology (395–476: Last western emperors)
Latin Name Name Categories Life/Reign Notes
Honorius HONORIUS 5 395–423
Majorian MAJORIAN 5 457–461
JULIUS 5
Julius Nepos 474–480
NEPOS 4
ROMULUS 4
Romulus Augustulus 475–476
AUGUSTULUS 5
PETRONIUS 5
Petronius Maximus (c. 397 –455)
MAXIMUS 4
AVITUS 5
Avitus c. 380/395[1]
EPARChIUS 4
Eparchius Avitus – c. 457
AVITUS 5
Majorian MAJORIAN 5
Julius Valerius JULIUS VALERIUS 5 420 – 461
Maiorianus MAIORIANUS 5
LIBIUS 4
Libius Severus 420 – 465
SEVERUS 3
ANThEMIUS 5
Anthemius
PROCOPIUS 4 467 to 472
Procopius Anthemius
ANThEMIUS 5
OLYBRIUS 5
Olybrius
ANICIUS 5 472
Anicius Olybrius
OLYBRIUS 5
Glycerius GLYCERIUS 5 473 to 474
JULIUS 4
Julius Nepos 430 – 480
NEPOS 4
ROMULUS 4
Romulus Augustus
AUGUSTUS 5 460 – after 476
("Augustulus")
("AUGUSTULUS") 5
Table 15 Chronology (455–476: Last western emperors)
Avitus ( AVITUS )
Eparchius Avitus[i] (c. 380/395[1] – c. 457) was Roman emperor of the West from July
455 to October 456. He was a senator of Gallic extraction and a high-ranking officer
both in the civil and military administration, as well as Bishop of Piacenza.
The image of the divine Name in the alphabet
If we rotate the alphabetical array 90° to the left we may read the name T9-I10-Ε5-V6-S15 we may
identify IΕV or IΕU as the Great Name and the name TIΕUS, which is close to DIAUS7.
The image may be symbolizing a 5 letter "bull with two horns" T22 and S21. Only this matrix pattern
of 22 letters will be able to display IΕV in the center of the alphabet. Just like an Egyptian
hieroglyphic inscription the Great Name IΕV seems to be included inside a “Cartouche” of the
surrounding 12 letters L-Ch-H-M-Ts-S-Z-B-Æ-G-D-T.
If we list each category according to the sequence of the alphabetical location we do not really a
special sorting procedure:
T22 S21
N14 K19 Gh16 Ph17 R20
L12 Ch11 H8 M13 Ts18
TIΕUS → T9 S15
I10 Ε5 V6
D4 G3 Æ1 B2 Z7
Table 17 The word TIΕUS in the Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories
The categorization is based on the footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology – Wikipedia
T22 S21
N14 K19 Ph17 Gh16 R20
L12 Ch11 M13 H8 Ts18
T22 S21
Ph17 K19 N14 Gh16 R20
M13 Ch11 L12 H8 Ts18
Statistics
The following (incomplete) list contains 35 perfect pentagrams:
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 1 vowel
• 15 perfect pentagrams with 2 vowels
• 10 perfect pentagrams with 3 vowels
24 pentagrams start with a lingual (D, T or L) and 14 with a labial letter (F, B, M, P, W). Only 3
pentagrams (versions of → JUDAS) start with a palatal letter (J, I, Y).
An overview may also be listed as follows:
FRANK DIVES *DEIWOS
BRENG LIBER D(E)IUOS
BRANGA LIMES DIAUS
PRANG LIVER DYEUS
PRANGER LIVES DIÉU(S)
PRONG TIVAR (D)IOU(S)
PRACHT TIWAZ
VRACHT TIWAS JUDAS
WRANG TIVAS ῚOΎΔΑΣ
WRONG TIBER YEHÛDÂH
TIBERINUS
PITAR TIBERIUS LOUIS
FAÐIR (Ch)LOUIS
MINOS TERUG LEWIS
PYOTR THUIS NIEU(W)S
In the Alpine mountains from the centered city of Chur the pronouns expanded in four directions.
Each direction has its own central vowel E, O, A, H, but the pronouns are abbreviated from 3 to 2
letters :
9 Published by Dbachmann for the Wikimedia Commons under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.2
Chur is known as the oldest town of the Switzerland and has been documented as the first episcopal
center at the northern side of the Alps (installed 450 AD). The name "chur" derives perhaps from
the Celtic kora or koria, meaning "tribe", or from the Latin CURIA. In the 10th century the patron is
named LUZIUS, in the 11th century FLORINUS.
Das Bistum Chur (episcopatus/diocesis Curiensis) gehörte spätestens ab 451 und wahrscheinlich
ununterbrochen bis zum Vertrag von Verdun 843 zum Erzbistum Mailand, danach zum Erzbistum Mainz
bis zu dessen Aufhebung 1803/1818. Seither ist es direkt dem Heiligen Stuhl unterstellt. Seine Patrone
sind Luzius (10. Jh.) bzw. Luzius und Florinus (seit dem 11. Jh.). Bischofssitz und Kathedrale befinden
sich auf dem Hof Chur. 10
Early settlement of episcopal control may indicate an influence of the Church in defining Ego-
pronouns. As a remarkable fact the Ego-pronouns around Chur seem to follow the same rules as
those on an enlarged scale: at the west-side we find “jeu”, which is also found in the Provencal
language. At the south-side we find the Sutsilvan “jou”, which governs Italy (Jupitter). At the east-
side we find the Jauer-language which abbreviates to“ja” - found in at Slavic countries in the east.11
Around the central episcopal city of Chur we may identify the same central vowels E, O, A, H of
the personal pronouns JÉU, JOU, JAU, EAU, EU, IH, .. :
# vowels Category Direction Romansh Dialect Region ego-pronoun English
1 3 pronoun west Vallader Vallader JÉU I
Sursilvan
2 3 pronoun south Sutsilvan Ticino valley JOU I
10 Swiss database (The Franks in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. )
DHS/HLS/DSS online edition in German, French and Italian
11 The Fourth Vowel (generating Ego-pronouns from sets of vowels)
Appendix 3 – Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian dynasties
In this study the sequence, naming and spelling is following the List of Frankish Rulers. The
categorization follows the footnote to the Sepher Yetzirah in Modern Hebrew phonology.
The Frankish and Merovingian dynasties may have named their offspring according to the
classification of an alphabet.
In a few of the following tables the names will be restricted to single entries to avoid an unwanted
redundancy in the information.
Imperfect Imperfect Perfect
Names pentagrams (20) pentagrams (2)
~ 4th century – 466 AD GΕNNOBAUDΕS,
The predecessor generations of CLOVIS CLODIUS, ChILDΕRICUS.
The Merovingian dynasty CLOVIS, ChILDΕBΕRT,
from Clovis I up to Pepin ThΕUDΕRIC, ChLODΕMΕR,
(466–751) ChARIBΕRT, SIGIBΕRT,
ChILPΕRIC, GUNTRAM,
DAGOBΕRT
The Carolingian dynasty KAROLVS, LOVIS
(751 tot 987) CARLOMAN (KARLOMAN) (LOUIS,
LEWIS)
LOThARIUS.
The Capetian dynasty, HΕNRICVS
also known as the House of France
CAROLVS
(House of Capet) (987–1328)
House of Valois (1328–1589) FRANCISCVS FRANK
(FRANÇOIS, FRANCIS) (FRANS)
House of La Marck (WILLEM, WILHELMUS
(1394-1609) WILLIAM,
GUILLAUME,
WILHELM)
House Hohenzollern FRIDΕRICUS, (FRÉDÉRIC,
(1609/1666–1918) FRΕDΕRICK, FRΕDΕRIK,
FRIΕDRICh)
Table 25 Overview of the Frankish and Merovingian and some successor dynasties
The predecessor generations of CLOVIS from the 4th century
The following 3 names fully satisfy the requirement of the 5 categories: GΕNNOBAUDΕS,
CLODIUS, ChILDΕRICUS.
ROBΕRTVS ROBΕRT ROBΕRT ROBΕRT Robert II the Pious, the Wise 996 -1031 4 4 4 4
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry I 1031 -1060 5 4 4 4
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip I the Amorous 1060 -1108 4 4 3 3
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis VI the Fat 1108 - 1180 5 5 4 5
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip II Augustus 1180 -1223 4 4 3 3
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis VIII the Lion 1223 -1226 5 5 4 5
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis IX the Saint 1226 -1270 5 5 4 5
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip III the Bold 1270 -1285 4 4 3 3
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip IV the Fair, the Iron 1285 - 1314 4 4 3 3
King
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis X the Quarreller 1314 -1316 5 5 4 5
JOHANNES JEAN JAN JOHN John I the Posthumous 1316 -1316 4 3 3 3
PhILIPPVS PhILIPPΕ FILIP PhILIP Philip V the Tall 1316 -1322 4 4 3 3
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles IV the Fair 1322 - 1328 5 4 4 4
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles VII the Victorious, the 1422 - 1461 5 4 4 4
Well-Served
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XI the Prudent, the 1461 - 1483 5 5 4 5
Cunning, the Universal Spider
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles VIII the Affable 1483 -1498 5 4 4 4
LOVIS LOUIS LODEWIJK LEWIS Louis XII Father of the People 1498 - 1515 5 5 4 5
FRANCISCVS FRANÇOIS FRANS FRANCIS Francis I the Father and 1515 -1547 5 5 5 5
Restorer of Letters
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry II 1547 - 1559 5 4 4 4
FRANCISCVS FRANÇOIS FRANS FRANCIS Francis II 1559 -1560 5 5 4 5
CAROLVS ChARLES KAREL ChARLES Charles IX 1560-1574 5 4 4 4
HΕNRICVS HΕNRI HΕNDRIK HΕNRY Henry III 1574 - 1589 5 4 4 4