Spoken English- Through Activities (Day-2)

Introduce Parts of Speech

Explore more about Nouns, Pronouns
Activity for the day - Ice breaker activities to initiate speaking- ( Memorized
Story telling/ Speech/ Essay )

THE EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH

There are eight parts of speech in English language: noun, pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.
The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as
grammatically within the sentence.
An individual word can function as more than one part of speech when used in
different circumstances.
Understanding parts of speech is essential for determining the correct definition
of a word when using the dictionary.

Importance of Parts of Speech

The part of speech to which a word belongs guides its use in a sentence and
defines the correct word order and punctuation. Knowing the role that each word
has in a sentence structure clearly helps to understand sentences and also to
construct them properly.
Example
The parts of speech are important because they show us how the words
relate to each other.
For example, let's take the words "hit," "Kevin" and "Brian."

Now, they are just words, they don't really tell us something.But, as soon
as we assign each word a role (a part of speech), and put them into a
sentence, we actually get something meaningful:
"Kevin hit Brian.” (Subject = Kevin, Verb = hit, Object = Brian)

However, if we change the role (part of speech) of a word, the meaning can
become completely different:
"Brian hit Kevin." (Subject = Brian, Verb = hit, Object = Kevin)

So as you see, the role of the word in a sentence (which part of speech it is)
actually helps to understand the sentence.
Why do we commit mistakes while speaking English?

Most of the errors are either due to confusions about Parts of Speech or due to
the tense. To master this language all that you need is:
Parts of speech, tense, some vocabulary and a little practice of speaking as well
as listening.

Some Common Confusions w.r.t. Parts of Speech

https://elc.polyu.edu.hk/fyp/html/speech.htm -A detailed article on such
confusions is available on this URL.

Common confusions in parts of speech

Noun/verb confusion.
Noun/adjective confusion.
Adjective/adverb confusion.
Confusion with gerund or other noun forms.
Confusion with different forms of same root noun.
Confusion with pronoun form.
Confusion with adjective form.

NOUNS
Definition: The words that name –A person, place, thing, or idea
Examples: cat, fireman, house, pencil, Chicago

Types of Nouns
Proper Noun- ( Specific names, start with capital letter)
Common Noun- ( General names) ( Girl, Boy )
Abstract Noun- (Names of feelings/emotions) ( happiness, fear, religion)
Collective Noun- (Names of bunches/groups) ( Ex-herd, flock)
Concrete Noun- ( Names of that you can perceive with five senses)
Countable Nouns ( Movie, Vehicle)
Uncountable Nouns ( Water, Music, Rice, Milk)
Singular Noun
Plural Noun
Possessive Noun ( ex- student’s book)
Compound Noun ( ex- tablecloth)
 PRONOUNS
Pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence. In a sentence,
they can become subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of preposition
and many more
Ex- He, She, It, Someone, they, who etc
Ex: Ravi is tall. He is studying in my class.
Here ‘Ravi’ is Antecedent. ‘He’ is the replacing pronoun.

Note: An antecedent is the noun that a pronoun is replacing or referring to. Not
all pronouns have antecedents.

Confusions w.r.t. pronouns

Wrong: Principal is in the cabin. They are busy.
Right: Principal is in the cabin. He is busy.
Wrong: Myself Wilson.
Right: My name is Wilson or I am Wilson.

Types of Pronouns
Personal pronouns: I, me, we, us, you, he, him, she, her, it, they, them
Relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, that, which
Demonstrative pronouns: This, That, These, Those
Indefinite pronouns: Someone, something, anyone, some, all, most
Reflexive and Intensive pronouns: myself, yourselves, yourself, ourselves,
himself, herself, itself, themselves
Interrogative pronouns: Who, Whom, Whose, Who, Which
Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, theirs
 ACTIVITY- MEMORISATION
an ice breaker in language learning

Abstract: It trains/tunes the brain for the new approach

Although memorizing lines of poetry may not feel particularly essential, it’s an
important task for training your brain to remember things. This type of
memorization task exercises your brain, giving it strength to retain more
information. Memorizing passages or poetry over time (rather than cramming) is
a very effective way to make your brain more receptive to remembering.
It helps to focus. As an adult, it may be hard to remember what you ate for
dinner last night, but you just might remember some old phone numbers or
passwords. Why is that? The answer is focus. As students spend time
memorizing passages, tables, anything at all, they learn to find focus. Educators
have found that students who were required to memorize from an early age often
go on to have more capacity to focus on educational tasks as high school and
college students.

Your assignment: Select an article of around 200 words. Memorise it and recite
it . Time limit to complete this is 1 day.
Ask your friend/brother/sister or a classmate to test you

One article is provided if you do not have an access to such.

End of the session of Day 2.