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2nd QUARTER
Name:
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Table of Contents
Content Standard
Performance Standard
Duration
Essay
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Guidelines in using this Module
The links provided here are the references from the internet. It also included here the references from
the book..
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Part I. Learning Module Standard
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
U V W X
Y Z
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Lesson 9
Decentralization and Local Governance
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Devolved functions to LGUs
1. Community-based forestry
2. Field health and hospital services
3. School building program
4. Telecommunications
5. Social welfare services
6. Tourism
7. Public works
8. Housing
9. Agricultural extension
10. Others like investment support
Devolved Regulatory Powers
1. Reclassification of agricultural lands
2. Enforcement of environmental laws
3. Inspection of food products and quarantine
4. Inspection of national building code
5. Operation of tricycles
6. Processing and approval of subdivision plans
7. Establishment of cockpits
Local Governance in the context of the 1991 Local Government Code (LGC) of the Philippines and
National-Local Government dynamic
Composition of the Local Government
1. Province-intermediate unit is providing supervision to the municipalities and components cities
and under it and performing services for the national government.
2. Cities and Municipalities-basic units of the local government delivering services for the people
who live together in a community.
3. Barangay- sub-municipal unit, which provides for face-to-face interaction among the people.
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The Functions and Powers of Heads of Provinces, Municipalities, Cities and Barangays
1. Exercise general supervision and control over all programs, projects.
2. Enforce all laws and ordinances and the exercise of its corporate powers.
3. Initiate and maximize the generation of resources and revenues, and apply the same to the
implementation of development plans, program objectives, and priorities.
4. Ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities
5. Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties and functions as may be prescribed
by law,
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What have you learned so far?
1. Why is decentralization considered the most effective strategy in making the government
work?
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Activity 1: LGU Activities Organizer
Enumerate what your barangay, municipality or city, and province do for your people.
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Activity 2: LGU Analogy Organizer
Based on your own understanding of the lesson, complete the following Analogy Organizer
diagram. Write the provinces included in the two autonomous units. Then write the similarities of
the two units.
LOCAL AUTONOMY
ARMM CAR
SIMILARITIES
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Lesson 10
Suffrage, Election, and Political Parties
All political parties, organizations, and all people should abide by the constitution and laws
4. Theany
without Tribal Theory.They
exception. In early
mustGreek and
all act Roman States,
in accordance withsuffrage was extended
the constitution onlyThis
and laws. to the citizen
lesson
class. Only
focuses people
suffrage andwho wereparties
political accorded citizenship
as political status in
practices could vote.
State. Nowadays,
Political partiescitizenship
an electionsis
essential for voting. This practice is based on the Tribal Theory.
play a vital role in political analysis in developed and developing countries in analyzing
5. The Feudal and
democratization Theory-The
democratic feudal theory
political claims that the right to vote depends on a particular
regimes.
social status. The simplest form of social status was ownership of land. Even now in some states,
In
thethis lesson, you
emphasis is onwill be able to:
a property qualification. This is a legacy of the old theory.
describe the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines
Types of Vote
1. identify
One man the One
typesvote:of electoral
Under this systems;
provision every other is entitled to one and only vote. The
assess
voter can thecastimplications
his vote for ofanythecandidate.
type of electoral systems on politics and governance
2. analyze the nature of Vote:
Single Transferable elections andsystem,
In this politicalwhich
parties in the Philippines
is designed for the multimember
SUFFRAGE constituency, the voter possesses only one vote. But, he can make his priority like 1,2,3.etc.
according to his requirement. If a candidate fails to secure a majority, the voters polled for hi
Suffrage may be exercised
will be reallocated according by toallthe
citizens
second of the Philippines
choice, and then notthe
otherwise disqualified
third option, by
until a clear
law, who are
majority at least eighteen
is obtained years of
by a candidate. Inage,
India,andthewho shall of
election have
the resided
president, in the
andPhilippines
members of
for at least one year in the place wherein they
Rajya Sabha are held on the single transferable vote method. propose to vote for at least six months
immediately
3. Plural Voting: preceding
According thetoelection.
this, several qualifications are prescribed for the right to vote
such as payment of property tax and education. A person who owns property or is a
Meaning
taxpayeroforSuffrage:
is educated is eligible for a vote because he possesses all of these
Itqualifications.
is the right andAtobligation
the sameto voteaof
time, qualified
person whocitizens in the own
is educated, election
the of public and
property officers.
is a
taxpayer,
Views on Suffrage is entitled to three votes. A voter is entitled to one vote for every qualification he
possesses. In Belgium, this method was used during early time.
1.4. AOpen
mere Ballot:
privilege-suffrage is not a the
Under this system, natural right
voters but their
raise merely a privilege
hands to supportto be a given or
candidate.
withheld by the law.
Montesquieu advocated this system because, seeing intelligent people raise their hands for
2. Arightpolitical right-suffrage
candidates, enables a citizen
the uneducated man would to participate
also support in the process
him. However, of government.
this method is not
practical, considering the vast size of electorates. In this legislative assemblies and the
Theories on Suffrage
parliament, when motions and bills are introduced the speaker puts it for voting. Members
1. The whoNatural
support Right
raiseTheory.
their hands
This theory
on thatclaims
basis, that
the speaker
the rightdeclares
to vote isthe a natural
bill passed
and or
inherited
defeated. right to every citizen. The state was created by the people deliberately and hence
5. allSecret
the people
Ballot:haveIn thisa natural
systemright the voter
to takecasts
parthis
in the
voteaffairs
for a candidate,
of the government.
without the knowledge
2. The of another
Legal Theory.
person.According
A citizen can to this
exercise
theory,his suffrage
franchise is notwithout
a natural
fear.right,
In polling
but political
station,right
an
granted
enclosure by the
is provided
law of the forstate.
him toVoting
mark is hisa vote
public andfunction.
put the ballot in the ballot box. The ballots
3. The areEthical
mixed, Theory.
and nobody The Ethical
can identify
Theory theconsiders
right vote the polled
rightbytoany
votevoter.
as a This
means method
of self-
is
expression
adopted inofmost the individual
of the countries
in political
in theaffairs.
electionSuffrage
to theirprovides
legislature.
for the development of the
human personality.
Scope of Suffrage
1. Election-means by which people choose their officials.
2. Plebiscite-is the vote of the people expressing their choice for or against a proposed law
submitted to them
3. Referendum-is the submission of a law passed by the legislative body to the people for their
ratification or rejection.
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4. Initiative-is a method in which people directly propose and enact laws
5. Recall-a method by which an elective local official may be removed from office during his
tenure.
Age Qualification
This is based on the assumption that under a certain age, human beings have the maturity,
experience, education and sense of judgment that will enable them to vote with a reasonable
degree of intelligence.
Residence Qualification
This is to give reasonable period within which a person can familiarize himself with the needs and
conditions and the personalities of the nation and locality.
Persons Disqualified to Vote
Those who have been sentenced to suffer imprisonment for not less than one year.
Those who committed any crime involving disloyalty to the government such as rebellion
and sedition
Those declared as insane or incompetent person
SECTION 2
The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of the ballot as
well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad.
The Congress shall also design procedure for the physically challenged and the illiterates to
vote without the assistance of other persons.
Secrecy and Sanctity of the Ballot
This is to insure that the voters shall exercise their right to freely, uninfluenced by threats,
intimidation or corrupt motives and to secure a fair and honest count of the ballots.
Absentee Voting System
Filipinos who, by force of circumstances, have temporarily work and reside abroad but maintain
their love and loyalty to their native land are still part of our Republic; they are also affected by the
quality of public officials and policies of the government.
PARTY SYSTEM
It is referred to as the interactions of parties with each other(Roskin et.al,2012). The party system is
not equated to parties because a party system is seen as macro perspective whereas parties are
micro perspective just focusing on the particular party. It could be said that the life of political
system depends upon the kind of party system it has. It describes a relatively sound system of
political party and voter alignments, electoral rules, and policy priorities that dominate a Democratic
political system’s electoral process for some delimited period.
Classification of Party System
The two-party system 12
-This is the system wherein the major political parties alternates with each other in the
exercise of political power.
The multi-party system
-More thank two political parties fight in an election, and no single party gets the
majority control of power.
-Parties may become identified as either “leftist,” ”rightist”, or “center” parties
depending upon the tendency of their political views.
1. Leftist party- is the reform-minded party which seeks to change the existing
conditions of the country.
2. Rightist party- is a conservative group which aims to maintain the status quo in the
country
3. Center Party- adopted policies which are a mixture of both left and right
tendencies.
The one-party system
-only one political party holds power either because it towers above the others or
because it suppresses all other groups.
POLITICAL PARTY
An organization that seeks political power by electing people to office so that its positions
and philosophy become public policy
A political organization that aims to attain and maintain political power within government,
usually by participating in electoral campaigns
It is organizations that mobilize voters on behalf of a joint set of interests, concerns, and
goals.
It is any aggrupation of persons who come together on how well the best interest of the
people might be served
It is any group providing label upon which candidates run for public offices
Heywood (2002) in Aceron (2002), for his part, provides the following list of functions that political
parties must perform:
1. Representation-the capacity to respond and to articulate the views of both members and
voters.
2. Elite Formation and Recruitment-the ability to mold the political elite tasked to govern the
body politic
3. Goal Formulation-the development of programs and government with a view of attracting
popular support.
4. Interest Articulation and Aggregation- the task of combining and harmonizing different
demands and expressing them into coherent policy formulation.
5. Socialization and Mobilization-the formation of a national agenda and the creation of public
discourse to raise political awareness and build the necessary values and attitudes tha
would constitute a larger political culture.
Organization of Government
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The power given to a political party that gains the necessary votes to form the governmental elite,
filling administrative posts with elements from the party rank.
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What have you learned so far?
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Activity 3: Political Campaign Slogan
Think of political slogan. Make it creative and humorous. It should be not more than 10 words
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Activity 4: Political Comic Strip
Draw a political comic strip illustrating political activities during election campaign.
Content 50%
Creativity 40%
Overall Impact 10%
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Part III. Assessment Tasks
2. How do campaigns and elections enable choice and opportunities for participation?
3. How important is the participation of an individual in the electoral process? How can a
single vote affect the welfare of a certain society?
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Part IV. Internet Links/References
Congratulations! You did a great job! You just finished module 5. Rest and relax
for a while then we will move on to the next lesson.
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