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S2
Single-supply operation: 2.0 V to 3.5 V
10kΩ
Integrated reference buffer generates virtual ground A1
10866-001
Rail-to-rail output SW
6
OPAMP+
7
REFOUT
8
OPAMP–
9
OUT
10
Internal RFI filter
Figure 1.
8 kV HBM ESD rating
Shutdown pin
20-lead, 4 mm × 4 mm LFCSP and LFCSP_SS package
Qualified for automotive applications
APPLICATIONS
Fitness and activity heart rate monitors
Portable ECG
Remote health monitors
Gaming peripherals
Biopotential signal acquisition
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD8232 is an integrated signal conditioning block for ECG To improve common-mode rejection of the line frequencies in
and other biopotential measurement applications. It is designed the system and other undesired interferences, the AD8232
to extract, amplify, and filter small biopotential signals in the includes an amplifier for driven lead applications, such as right
presence of noisy conditions, such as those created by motion leg drive (RLD).
or remote electrode placement. This design allows for an The AD8232 includes a fast restore function that reduces the
ultralow power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or an duration of otherwise long settling tails of the high-pass filters.
embedded microcontroller to acquire the output signal easily. After an abrupt signal change that rails the amplifier (such as a
The AD8232 can implement a two-pole high-pass filter for leads off condition), the AD8232 automatically adjusts to a
eliminating motion artifacts and the electrode half-cell potential. higher filter cutoff. This feature allows the AD8232 to recover
This filter is tightly coupled with the instrumentation architec- quickly, and therefore, to take valid measurements soon after
ture of the amplifier to allow both large gain and high-pass connecting the electrodes to the subject.
filtering in a single stage, thereby saving space and cost. The AD8232 is available in a 4 mm × 4 mm, 20-lead LFCSP and
An uncommitted operational amplifier enables the AD8232 to a LFCSP_SS package. Performance for the A grade models is
create a three-pole low-pass filter to remove additional noise. specified from 0°C to 70°C and the models are operational from
The user can select the frequency cutoff of all filters to suit −40°C to +85°C. Performance for the W grade models is specified
different types of applications. over the automotive temperature range of −40°C to +105°C.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1 Standby Operation ..................................................................... 21
Applications ...................................................................................... 1 Input Protection ......................................................................... 21
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) ....................................... 22
General Description ......................................................................... 1 Power Supply Regulation and Bypassing................................ 22
Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Input Referred Offsets ............................................................... 22
Specifications .................................................................................... 4 Layout Recommendations ........................................................ 22
Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................................... 7 Applications Information ............................................................. 23
ESD Caution.................................................................................. 7 Eliminating Electrode Offsets................................................... 23
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................ 8 High-Pass Filtering .................................................................... 23
Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 9 Low-Pass Filtering and Gain .................................................... 26
Instrumentation Amplifier Performance Curves .................... 9 Driving Analog-to-Digital Converters .................................... 26
Operational Amplifier Performance Curves .......................... 12 Driven Electrode ........................................................................ 26
Right Leg Drive (RLD) Amplifier Performance Curves ....... 15 Application Circuits ....................................................................... 27
Reference Buffer Performance Curves .................................... 16 Heart Rate Measurement Next to the Heart .......................... 27
System Performance Curves ..................................................... 17 Exercise Application: Heart Rate Measured at the Hands ... 27
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 18 Cardiac Monitor Configuration............................................... 28
Architecture Overview .............................................................. 18 Portable Cardiac Monitor with Elimination of Motion
Instrumentation Amplifier ....................................................... 18 Artifacts ....................................................................................... 28
REVISION HISTORY
3/2020—Rev. C to Rev. D 3/2017—Rev. A to Rev. B
Added LFCSP_SS Package ........................................... Throughout Updated Outline Dimensions ...................................................... 27
Changes to Features Section and General Description Section ...... 1 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 27
Changes to Specifications Section and Table 1 ............................ 4
Changes to Operating Temperature Range Parameter, Table 2 ...... 7 2/2013—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Changes to Figure 16 to Figure 20 ............................................... 11 Changes to Table 1 ............................................................................4
Changes to Figure 29 ..................................................................... 13 Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................6
Changes to Figure 32 and Figure 33 ............................................ 14 Change to Figure 17 ..........................................................................9
Changes to Figure 35 ..................................................................... 15 Changes to Figure 22 and Figure 25 ............................................ 11
Changes to Figure 42 ..................................................................... 16 Changes to Figure 34 and Figure 36 ............................................ 14
Changes to Figure 43 and Figure 44 ............................................ 17 Changes to Figure 45, Architecture Overview Section, and
Changes to Figure 45 ..................................................................... 18 Instrumentation Amplifier Section ............................................. 17
Added Figure 70 ............................................................................. 30 Changes to Right Leg Drive Amplifier Section, Reference Buffer
Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 31 Section, Fast Restore Circuit Section, and Figure 48; Added
Figure 46, Renumbered Sequentially ........................................... 18
6/2018—Rev. B to Rev. C Changes to Figure 49 ..................................................................... 19
Changes to Figure 24 ..................................................................... 10 Changes to AC Leads Off Detection Section and Standby
Changes to Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Section ......... 20 Operation Section........................................................................... 20
Updated Outline Dimensions ....................................................... 27 Changes to Input Referred Offsets Section................................. 21
Changes to Figure 53 and High-Pass Filtering Section ............ 22
Rev. D | Page 2 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
Changes to Additional High-Pass Filtering Options Section; Changes to Exercise Application: Heart Rate Measured at the
Added Table 4 ..................................................................................23 Hands and Figure 66 ...................................................................... 26
Changes to Low-Pass Filtering and Gain Section; Added Driving Changes to Figure 68 ...................................................................... 27
Analog-to-Digital Converters Section and Figure 61 ................24
Changes to Figure 62, Figure 64, and Heart Rate Measurement 8/2012—Revision 0: Initial Version
Next to the Heart Section ...............................................................25
Rev. D | Page 3 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
SPECIFICATIONS
VS = 3 V, VREF = 1.5 V, VCM = 1.5 V, TA = 25°C, operating temperature (TOPR) = −40°C to +105°C for the W grade, FR = low, SDN = high,
and AC/DC = low, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Test Conditions/ A Grade W Grade
Parameter Symbol Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio, CMRR VCM = 0.35 V to 2.85 V, 80 86 dB
DC to 60 Hz VDIFF = 0 V
TOPR 80 dB
VCM = 0.35 V to 2.85 V, 80 80 dB
VDIFF = ±0.3 V
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR VS = 2.0 V to 3.5 V 76 90 dB
TOPR 76 90 dB
Offset Voltage (RTI) VOS
Instrumentation Amplifier Inputs 3 8 mV
TOPR 3 8 mV
DC Blocking Input 1 5 50 5 50 µV
Average Offset Drift
Instrumentation Amplifier Inputs 10 µV/°C
TOPR 10 µV/°C
DC Blocking Input1 0.05 0.05 µV/°C
Input Bias Current IB 50 200 50 200 pA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 1 nA
TOPR 3.75 nA
Input Offset Current IOS 25 100 25 100 pA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 1 nA
TOPR 1 nA
Input Impedance
Differential 10||7.5 10||7.5 GΩ||pF
Common Mode 5||15 5||15 GΩ||pF
Input Voltage Noise (RTI)
Spectral Noise Density f = 1 kHz 100 100 nV/√Hz
Peak-to-Peak Voltage Noise f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 12 12 µV p-p
f = 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz 14 14 µV p-p
Input Voltage Range TA = 0°C to 70°C 0.2 +VS V
TOPR 0.2 +VS V
DC Differential Input Range VDIFF −300 +300 mV
TOPR −300 +300 mV
Output
Output Swing RL = 50 kΩ 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
TOPR 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
Short-Circuit Current IOUT 6.3 6.3 mA
Gain AV 100 100 V/V
Gain Error VDIFF = 0 V 0.4 0.4 %
VDIFF = −300 mV to 1 3.5 3.5 %
+300 mV
TOPR 7.9 %
Average Gain Drift TA = 0°C to 70°C 12 ppm/°C
TOPR 12 ppm/°C
Bandwidth BW 2 2 kHz
RFI Filter Cutoff (Each Input) 1 1 MHz
Rev. D | Page 4 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
Test Conditions/ A Grade W Grade
Parameter Symbol Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (A1)
Offset Voltage VOS 1 5 mV
TOPR 1 5 mV
Average TC TA = 0°C to 70°C 5 µV/°C
TOPR 5 µV/°C
Input Bias Current IB 100 100 pA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 1 nA
TOPR 2.5 nA
Input Offset Current IOS 100 100 pA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 1 nA
TOPR 1 nA
Input Voltage Range 0.1 +VS − 0.1 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio CMRR VCM = 0.5 V to 2.5 V 100 100 dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 100 100 dB
Large Signal Voltage Gain AVO 110 110 dB
Output Voltage Range RL = 50 kΩ 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
TOPR 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
Short-Circuit Current Limit IOUT 12 12 mA
Gain Bandwidth Product GBP 100 100 kHz
Slew Rate SR 0.02 0.02 V/µs
Voltage Noise Density (RTI) en f = 1 kHz 60 60 nV/√Hz
Peak-to-Peak Voltage Noise (RTI) en p-p f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 6 6 µV p-p
f = 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz 8 8 µV p-p
RIGHT LEG DRIVE AMPLIFIER (A2)
Output Swing RL = 50 kΩ 0.1 +VS − 0.1 0.1 +VS − 0.1 V
Short-Circuit Current IOUT 11 11 mA
Integrator Input Resistor 120 150 180 120 150 180 kΩ
Gain Bandwidth Product GDP 100 100 kHz
REFERENCE BUFFER (A3)
Offset Error VOS RL > 50 kΩ 1 1 mV
Input Bias Current IB 100 100 pA
Short-Circuit Current Limit IOUT 12 12 mA
Voltage Range RL = 50 kΩ 0.1 +VS − 0.7 V
TOPR 0.1 +VS − 0.7 V
DC LEADS OFF COMPARATORS
Threshold Voltage +VS − +VS − V
0.5 0.5
Hysteresis 60 60 mV
Propagation Delay 0.5 0.5 µs
AC LEADS OFF DETECTOR
Square Wave Frequency fAC 50 100 175 50 100 175 kHz
Square Wave Amplitude IAC 200 200 nA p-p
Impedance Threshold Between +IN and −IN 10 20 10 20 MΩ
Detection Delay 110 110 μs
FAST RESTORE CIRCUIT
Switches S1 and S2
On Resistance RON 8 10 12 8 10 12 kΩ
Off Leakage 100 100 pA
Window Comparator
Threshold Voltage From either rail 50 50 mV
Propagation Delay 2 2 µs
Switch Timing Characteristics
Feedback Recovery Switch On Time tSW1 110 110 ms
Filter Recovery Switch On Time tSW2 55 55 ms
Fast Restore Reset tRST 2 2 µs
Rev. D | Page 5 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
Test Conditions/ A Grade W Grade
Parameter Symbol Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
LOGIC INTERFACE
Input Characteristics
Input Voltage (AC/DC and FR)
Low VIL 1.24 1.24 V
High VIH 1.35 1.35 V
Input Voltage (SDN)
Low VIL 2.1 2.1 V
High VIH 0.5 0.5 V
Output Characteristics LOD+ and LOD−
terminals
Output Voltage
Low VOL 0.05 0.05 V
High VOH 2.95 2.95 V
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Quiescent Supply Current 170 230 170 230 µA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 210 µA
TOPR 270 µA
Shutdown Current 40 500 40 500 nA
TA = 0°C to 70°C 100 nA
TOPR 612 nA
Supply Range 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 V
Specified Temperature Range 0 +70 −40 +105 °C
Operational Temperature Range −40 +85 −40 +105 °C
1
Offset referred to the input of the instrumentation amplifier inputs. See the Input Referred Offsets section for additional information.
Rev. D | Page 6 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
Rev. D | Page 7 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
HPSENSE
IAOUT
REFIN
GND
+VS
20
19
18
17
16
HPDRIVE 1 15 FR
+IN 2 14 AC/DC
AD8232
–IN 3 TOP VIEW 13 SDN
RLDFB 4 (Not to Scale) 12 LOD+
RLD 5 11 LOD–
8
9
10
6
7
SW
REFOUT
OUT
OPAMP–
OPAMP+
10866-002
NOTES
1. CONNECT THE EXPOSED PAD TO GND OR
LEAVE UNCONNECTED.
Rev. D | Page 8 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
40
1000
30
600 0
–10
400
–20
–30
200
–40
0 10866-003
–50
10866-006
–120 –90 –60 –30 0 30 60 90 120 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
CMRR (µV/V) INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 3. Instrumentation Amplifier CMRR Distribution Figure 6. Instrumentation Amplifier Input Bias Current vs. CMV
50
NO DC OFFSET
300mV OFFSET
1400
40
1200
30
1000
GAIN (dB)
UNITS
800 20
600
10
400
0
200
0 –10
10866-007
10866-004
–2.0 –1.5 –1.0 –0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
GAIN ERROR (%) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 4. Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Error Distribution Figure 7. Instrumentation Amplifier Gain vs. Frequency
3.5 120
3.0
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
100
2.5
2.0
80
CMRR (dB)
1.5
60
1.0
0.5
40
0 NO DC OFFSET
+300mV OFFSET
–300mV OFFSET
–0.5 20
10866-008
10866-005
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 10 100 1k 10k 100k
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 5. Instrumentation Amplifier Figure 8. Instrumentation Amplifier CMRR vs. Frequency, RTI
Input Common-Mode Range vs. Output Voltage
Rev. D | Page 9 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
120
110
100
90
80
PSRR (dB)
10µV/DIV
70
60
50
40
10866-012
30
200ms/DIV
20
10866-009
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 9. Instrumentation Amplifier PSRR vs. Frequency Figure 12. Instrumentation Amplifier 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz Noise
10k 1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
1k GAIN ERROR (%)
NOISE (nV/√Hz)
0.6
0.5
0.4
100
0.3
0.2
0.1
1 0
10866-010
10866-013
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
FREQUENCY (Hz) DC OFFSET (mV)
Figure 10. Instrumentation Amplifier Voltage Noise Spectral Density (RTI) Figure 13. Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Error vs. DC Offset
22pF
470pF
1nF
10µV/DIV
10866-014
10866-011
100µs/DIV 50mV/DIV
1s/DIV
Figure 11. Instrumentation Amplifier 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise Figure 14. Instrumentation Amplifier Small Signal Pulse Response
Rev. D | Page 10 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
4.0 0.8
3.5 0.7
3.0 0.6
2.0 0.4
1.5 0.3
1.0 0.2
0.5 0.1
0 0
0.5V/DIV 100µs/DIV
10866-015
–0.5 –0.1
–1.0 –0.2
10866-318
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 15. Instrumentation Amplifier Large Signal Pulse Response Figure 18. Instrumentation Amplifier Input Bias Current and Input Offset
Current vs. Temperature
1.5 0.5
0.4
1.0
0.3
0.5
–0.3
–1.0
–0.4
–1.5
10866-316
–0.5
10866-319
100 1k 10k 100k 1M –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
LOAD (Ω) TEMPERATURE(°C)
Figure 16. Instrumentation Amplifier Output Swing vs. Load Figure 19. Instrumentation Amplifier Gain Error vs. Temperature
0.4 50
DC BLOCKING INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
40
0.3
30
0.2
20
0.1
CMRR (µV/V)
10
0 0
–10
–0.1
–20
–0.2
–30
–0.3 –40
–50
10866-320
–0.4
10866-317
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 17. Instrumentation Amplifier DC Blocking Input Offset Drift Figure 20. Instrumentation Amplifier CMRR vs. Temperature
Rev. D | Page 11 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER PERFORMANCE CURVES
1000
800
600
UNITS
400
200
10866-024
100µs/DIV 0.5V/DIV
0
10866-021
–4 –2 0 2 4
OFFSET VOLTAGE (mV)
Figure 21. Operational Amplifier Offset Distribution Figure 24. Operational Amplifier Large Signal Transient Response
100 140
PHASE MARGIN (Degrees)
80 120 1k
NOISE (nV/√Hz)
GAIN (dB)
60 100
40 80
20 60 100
0 40
–20 20
–40 0 10
10866-025
10866-022
Figure 22. Operational Amplifier Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs. Figure 25. Operational Amplifier Voltage Spectral Noise Density vs. Frequency
Frequency
22pF
470pF
1nF
5µV/DIV
10866-023
10866-026
10µS/DIV 50mV/DIV
1s/DIV
Figure 23. Operational Amplifier Small Signal Response for Figure 26. Operational Amplifier 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise
Various Capacitive Loads
Rev. D | Page 12 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
1.5
1.0
–1.0
10866-027
200ms/DIV
–1.5
10866-329
100 1k 10k 100k 1M
LOAD (Ω)
Figure 27. Operational Amplifier 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz Noise Figure 29. Operational Amplifier Output Voltage Swing vs.
Output Current
100 120
80 110
100
60
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
90
40
80
20
PSRR (dB) 70
0 60
–20 50
40
–40
30
–60
20
–80 10
–100 0
10866-028
10866-030
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 28. Operational Amplifier Bias Current vs. Input Figure 30. Operational Amplifier Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Common-Mode Voltage
Rev. D | Page 13 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
1,000
10
20V/DIV
10866-031
10µV/DIV
1
10866-333
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 31. Operational Amplifier Load Transient Response Figure 33. Operational Amplifier Bias Current vs. Temperature
(100 μA Load Change)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
OFFSET (mV)
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
10866-332
Rev. D | Page 14 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
RIGHT LEG DRIVE (RLD) AMPLIFIER PERFORMANCE CURVES
140 180
GAIN
PHASE
120 160
100 140
OPEN-LOOP GAIN (dB)
80 120
PHASE (Degrees)
5µV/DIV
60 100
40 80
20 60
0 40
–20 20
10866-037
1s/DIV
–40 0
10866-034
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 34. RLD Amplifier Open-Loop Gain and Phase vs. Figure 37. RLD Amplifier 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Noise
Frequency
1.5
1.0
OUTPUT SWING (V)
0.5 5µV/DIV
SWING HIGH –40°C
SWING LOW –40°C
SWING HIGH +25°C
0 SWING LOW +25°C
SWING HIGH +85°C
SWING LOW +85°C
SWING HIGH +105°C
–0.5 SWING LOW +105°C
SWING HIGH +125°C
SWING LOW +125°C
–1.0
10866-038
200ms/DIV
–1.5
10866-335
Figure 35. RLD Amplifier Output Voltage Swing vs. Output Current Figure 38. RLD Amplifier 0.5 Hz to 40 Hz Noise
10k
1k
NOISE (nV/√Hz)
100
10
10866-036
Figure 36. RLD Amplifier Voltage Spectral Noise Density vs. Frequency
Rev. D | Page 15 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
REFERENCE BUFFER PERFORMANCE CURVES
20 10,000.0
SOURCE
15 SINK
1,000.0
10
5
100.0
10.0
–5
–10
1.0
–15
–20 0.1
10866-039
10866-041
0.01 0.10 1 10 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
LOAD CURRENT (mA) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 39. Reference Buffer Load Regulation Figure 41. Reference Buffer Output Impedance vs.
Frequency
100
10
20mV/DIV
10866-040
10µs/DIV
1
10866-342
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 40. Reference Buffer Figure 42. Reference Buffer Bias Current vs. Temperature
Load Transient Response (100 μA Load Change)
Rev. D | Page 16 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CURVES
280 1800
VS = 2V VS = 2V
VS = 3V 1600 VS = 3V
260 VS = 3.5V
VS = 3.5V
1400
240
1200
220
1000
200
800
180
600
160
400
140
200
120 0
100 –200
10866-344
10866-343
–40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 43. Supply Current vs. Temperature Figure 44. Shutdown Current vs. Temperature
Rev. D | Page 17 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
THEORY OF OPERATION
+VS HPDRIVE HPSENSE IAOUT SW OPAMP+ OPAMP–
17 1 20 19 6 7 9
10kΩ
+VS CHARGE
PUMP A1 10 OUT
S2
AC/DC
C1 0.05V
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER (IA) 14 AC/DC
S1 SWITCH
SYNCH S2 TIMING
RECTIFIER 12 LOD+
RLDFB 4
0.7V
11 LOD–
RLD 5 A2 150kΩ +VS – 0.5V
AC/DC
16 GND
REFIN 18 A3 8 REFOUT
10866-045
*ALL SWITCHES SHOWN IN DC LEADS-OFF DETECTION POSITION AND FAST RESTORE DISABLED
= REFOUT
ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW The feedback of the amplifier is applied via GM2 through two
The AD8232 is an integrated front end for signal conditioning separate paths: the two resistors divide the output signal to set
of cardiac biopotentials for heart rate monitoring. It consists of an overall gain of 100, whereas the dc blocking amplifier integrates
a specialized instrumentation amplifier (IA), an operational any deviation from the reference level. Consequently, dc offsets
amplifier (A1), a right leg drive amplifier (A2), and a as large as ±300 mV across the GM1 inputs appear inverted and
midsupply reference buffer (A3). In addition, the AD8232 with the same magnitude across the inputs of GM2, all without
includes leads off detection circuitry and an automatic fast saturating the signal of interest.
restore circuit that brings back the signal shortly after leads are To increase the common-mode voltage range of the instrumen-
reconnected. tation amplifier, a charge pump boosts the supply voltage for
The AD8232 contains a specialized instrumentation amplifier the two transconductance amplifiers. This further prevents
that amplifies the ECG signal while rejecting the electrode half-cell saturation of the amplifier in the presence of large common-
potential on the same stage. This is possible with an indirect mode signals, such as line interference. The charge pump runs
current feedback architecture, which reduces size and power from an internal oscillator, the frequency of which is set around
compared with traditional implementations 500 kHz.
Rev. D | Page 18 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
RIGHT LEG DRIVE AMPLIFIER the voltage at the output of the instrumentation amplifier is this
The right leg drive (RLD) amplifier inverts the common-mode reference voltage.
signal that is present at the instrumentation amplifier inputs. The reference voltage level is set at the REFIN pin. It can be set
When the right leg drive output current is injected into the with a voltage divider or by driving the REFIN pin from some
subject, it counteracts common-mode voltage variations, thus other point in the circuit (for example, from the ADC reference).
improving the common-mode rejection of the system. The voltage is available at the REFOUT pin for the filtering
The common-mode signal that is present across the inputs of circuits or for an ADC input.
the instrumentation amplifier is derived from the transconduct- +VS
10866-046
R2 C1
An integrator can be built by connecting a capacitor between the
RLD FB and RLD terminals. A good starting point is a 1 nF Figure 47. Setting the Internal Reference
capacitor, which places the crossover frequency at about 1 kHz
(the frequency at which the amplifier has an inverting unity To limit the power consumption of the voltage divider, the use
gain). This configuration results in about 26 dB of loop gain of large resistors is recommended, such as 10 MΩ. The designer
available at a frequency range from 50 Hz to 60 Hz for must keep in mind that high resistor values make it easier for
common-mode line rejection. Higher capacitor values reduce interfering signals to appear at the input of the reference buffer.
the crossover frequency, thereby reducing the gain that is To minimize noise pickup, it is recommended to place the
available for rejection and, consequently, increasing the line resistors close to each other and as near as possible to the REFIN
noise. Lower capacitor values move the crossover frequency to terminal. Furthermore, use a capacitor in parallel with the lower
higher frequencies, allowing increased gain. The tradeoff is that resistor on the divider for additional filtering, as shown in
with higher gain, the system can become unstable and saturate Figure 47. Keep in mind that a large capacitor results in better
the output of the right leg amplifier. noise filtering but it takes longer to settle the reference after
power-up. The total time it takes the reference to settle within
Note that when using this amplifier to drive an electrode, there 1% can be estimated with the formula
should be a resistor in series with the output to limit the current
to be always less than 10 µA even in fault conditions. For R1R2C1
t SETTLE _ REFERENCE = 5 ×
example, if the supply used is 3.0 V, this resistor should be R1 + R2
greater than 330 kΩ to account for component and supply Note that disabling the AD8232 with the shutdown terminal
variations. does not discharge this capacitor.
ELECTRODE
REFOUT
*LIMIT CURRENT TO LESS THAN 10µA. This fast restore function is implemented internally, as shown
Figure 46. Typical Configuration of Right-Leg Drive Circuit in Figure 48. The output of the instrumentation amplifier is
connected to a window comparator. The window comparator
In two-electrode configurations, RLD can be used to bias the
detects a saturation condition at the output of the instrumentation
inputs through 10 MΩ resistors as described in the Leads Off
amplifier when its voltage approaches 50 mV from either supply
Detection section. If left unused, it is recommended to configure
rail.
A2 as a follower by connecting RLDFB directly to RLD.
FR 15
REFERENCE BUFFER S1
+IN +VS – 0.05V
SWITCH
The AD8232 operates from a single supply. To simplify the 2 TIMING
IA
design of single-supply applications, the AD8232 includes a 3 IAOUT
S2
10866-047
reference buffer to create a virtual ground between the supply –IN 0.05V LOD+
LOD–
voltage and the system ground. The signals present at the out-
Figure 48. Fast Restore Circuit
put of the instrumentation amplifier are referenced around this
voltage. For example, if there is zero differential input voltage,
Rev. D | Page 19 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
tS1
S1
tS2
S2
tRST
10866-048
LEADS OFF LEADS ON
If this saturation condition is present when both input electrodes DC Leads Off Detection
are attached to the subject, the comparator triggers a timing The dc leads off detection mode is used in three-electrode con-
circuit that automatically closes Switch S1 and Switch S2 (see figurations only. It works by sensing when either instrumentation
Figure 49 for a timing diagram). amplifier input voltage is within 0.5 V from the positive rail. In
These two switches (S1 and S2) enable two different 10 kΩ this case, each input must have a pull-up resistor connected to the
resistor paths: one between HPSENSE and IAOUT and another positive supply. During normal operation, the subject’s potential
between SW and REFOUT. During the time Switch S1 and must be inside the common-mode range of the instrumentation
Switch S2 are enabled, these internal resistors appear in parallel amplifier, which is only possible if a third electrode is
with their corresponding external resistors forming high-pass connected to the output of the right leg drive amplifier.
filters. The result is that the equivalent lower resistance shifts +VS
10866-049
5 RLD
operation. If either of the leads off comparator outputs is indi-
cating that an electrode has been disconnected, the timing Figure 50. Circuit Configuration for DC Leads Off Detection
circuit is prevented from triggering because it is assumed that Because in dc leads off mode the AD8232 checks each input
no valid signal is present. To disable fast restore, drive the FR individually, it is possible to indicate which electrode is discon-
pin low or tie it permanently to GND. nected. The AD8232 indicates which electrode is disconnected by
LEADS OFF DETECTION setting the corresponding LOD− or LOD+ pin high. To use this
mode, connect the AC/DC pin to ground.
The AD8232 includes leads off detection. It features ac and dc
detection modes optimized for either two- or three-electrode
configurations, respectively.
Rev. D | Page 20 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
AC Leads Off Detection STANDBY OPERATION
The ac leads off detection mode is useful when using two The AD8232 includes a shutdown pin (SDN) that further
electrodes only (it does not require the use of a driven electrode). enhances the flexibility and ease of use in portable applications
In this case, a conduction path must exist between the two where power consumption is critical. A logic level signal can be
electrodes, which is usually formed by two resistors, as shown applied to this pin to switch to shutdown mode, even when the
in Figure 51. supply is still on.
These resistors also provide a path for bias return on each Driving the SDN pin low places the AD8232 in shutdown
input. Connect each resistor to REFOUT or RLD to maintain the mode and draws less than 200 nA of supply current, offering
inputs within the common-mode range of the instrumentation considerable power savings. To enter normal operation, drive
amplifier. SDN high; when not using this feature, permanently tie SDN to
+VS
+VS.
17
8 REFOUT
mentation amplifier and subsequent stages. The use of the fast
Figure 51. Circuit Configuration for AC Leads Off Detection restore feature helps reduce the recovery time and, therefore,
minimize on time in power sensitive applications.
The AD8232 detects when an electrode is disconnected by
forcing a small 100 kHz current into the input terminals. This INPUT PROTECTION
current flows through the external resistors from IN+ to IN− All terminals of the AD8232 are protected against ESD. In
and develops a differential voltage across the inputs, which is addition, the input structure allows for dc overload conditions
then synchronously detected and compared to an internal that are a diode drop above the positive supply and a diode
threshold. The recommended value for these external resistors drop below the negative supply. Voltages beyond a diode drop
is 10 MΩ. Low resistance values make the differential drop too of the supplies cause the ESD diodes to conduct and enable
low to be detected and lower the input impedance of the current to flow through the diode. Therefore, use an external
amplifier. When the electrodes are attached to the subject, the resistor in series with each of the inputs to limit current for
impedance of this path should be less than 3 MΩ to maintain voltages beyond the supplies. In either scenario, the AD8232
the drop below the comparator’s threshold. safely handles a continuous 5 mA current at room temperature.
As opposed to the dc leads off detection mode, the AD8232 is For applications where the AD8232 encounters extreme over-
able to determine only that an electrode has lost its connection, load voltages, such as in cardiac defibrillators, use external series
not which one. During such an event, the LOD+ pin goes high. resistors and gas discharge tubes (GDT). Neon lamps are com-
In this mode, the LOD− pin is not used and remains in a logic monly used as an inexpensive alternative to GDTs. These devices
low state. To use the ac leads off mode, tie the AC/DC pin to can handle the application of large voltages but do not maintain
the positive supply rail. the voltage below the absolute maximum ratings for the AD8232.
Note that while REFOUT is at a constant voltage value, using A complete solution includes further clamping to either supply
the RLD output as the input bias may be more effective in using additional resistors and low leakage diode clamps, such as
rejecting common-mode interference. BAV199 or FJH1100.
As a safety measure, place a resistor between the input pin and
the electrode that is connected to the subject to ensure that the
current flow never exceeds 10 µA. Calculate the value of this
resistor to be equal to the supply voltage across the AD8232
divided by 10 µA.
Rev. D | Page 21 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) INPUT REFERRED OFFSETS
Radio frequency (RF) rectification is often a problem in Because of its internal architecture, the instrumentation amplifier
applications where there are large RF signals. The problem should be used always with the dc blocking amplifier, shown as
appears as a dc offset voltage at the output. The AD8232 has a HPA in Figure 45.
15 pF gate capacitance and 10 kΩ resistors at each input. This As described in the Theory of Operation section, the dc blocking
forms a low-pass filter on each input that reduces rectification amplifier attenuates the input referred offsets present at the
at high frequency (see Figure 52) without the addition of inputs of the instrumentation amplifier. However, this is true
external elements. only when the dc blocking amplifier is used as an integrator. In
this configuration, the input offsets from the dc blocking
10kΩ
+IN amplifier dominate appear directly at the output of the
CG
10kΩ
instrumentation amplifier.
–IN AD8232 IAOUT
CG If the dc blocking amplifier is used as a follower instead of its
intended function as an integrator, the input referred offsets of
10866-151
Rev. D | Page 22 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
ELIMINATING ELECTRODE OFFSETS 50
MAGNITUDE (dB)
100 yet reject electrode offsets as large as ±300 mV. 30
1 20 19
HPDRIVE HPSENSE IAOUT
0
10866-153
IN+ 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
2 HPA 10kΩ FREQUENCY (Hz)
GM1 GM2 R S1
3 Figure 54. Frequency Response of Single-Pole DC Blocking Circuit
VCM
IN– 99R
Just like with any high-pass filter with low frequency cutoff, any
ELECTRODE fast change in dc offset takes a long time to settle. If such
10866-253
OFFSETS C1
= REFOUT change saturates the instrumentation amplifier output, the S1
Figure 53. Eliminating Electrode Offsets switch briefly enables the 10 kΩ resistor path, thus moving the
cutoff frequency to
This RC network forms an integrator that feeds any near dc signals
back into the instrumentation amplifier, thus eliminating the 100(R + 10 4 )
f −3dB = (1)
offsets without saturating any node and maintaining high signal 2π RC(10 4 )
gain.
For values of R greater than 100 kΩ, the expression in Equation 1
In addition to blocking offsets present across the inputs of the can be approximated by
instrumentation amplifier, this integrator also works as a high-
1
pass filter that minimizes the effect of slow moving signals, f −3dB =
such as baseline wander. The cutoff frequency of the filter is 200π C
given by the equation This higher cutoff reduces the settling time and enables faster
100 recovery of the ECG signal. For more information, see the Fast
f −3dB = Restore Circuit section.
2π RC
where R is in ohms and C is in farads. HIGH-PASS FILTERING
The AD8232 can implement higher order high-pass filters. A
Note that the filter cutoff is 100 times higher than is typically
higher filter order yields better artifact rejection but at a cost of
expected from a single-pole filter. Because of the feedback
increased signal distortion and more passive components on the
architecture of the instrumentation amplifier, the typical filter
printed circuit board (PCB).
cutoff equation is modified by the gain of 100 of the
instrumentation amplifier. Two-Pole High-Pass Filter
A two-pole architecture can be implemented by adding a
simple ac coupling RC at the output of the instrumentation
amplifier, as shown in Figure 55.
C1 C2 TO NEXT
R1 STAGE
1 20 19 6
HPDRIVE HPSENSE IAOUT SW
R2
10kΩ
HPA 10kΩ
+IN S1 S2
2
3 REFOUT 8
–IN
10866-053
= REFOUT
3 REFOUT 8
1 20 19 6
–IN
HPDRIVE HPSENSE IAOUT SW
10866-156
10kΩ C2
= REFOUT
HPA 10kΩ
+IN S1 S2
2 Figure 57. Schematic for a Three-Pole High-Pass Filter
60
3 REFOUT 8
–IN
10866-155
40 40dB PER
DECADE
= REFOUT
20dB PER 60dB PER
Figure 56. Schematic for an Alternative Two-Pole High-Pass Filter 20 DECADE
MAGNITUDE (dB)
DECADE
10866-157
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
per decade, this reversion to 20 dB per decade has little impact on FREQUENCY (Hz)
the ability of the filter to reject out-of-band low frequency signals. Figure 58. Frequency Response of Circuits in Figure 56 and Figure 57
The designer may choose different values to achieve the desired
filter performance. To simplify the design process, use the
following recommendations as a starting point for component value
selection.
R1 = R2 ≥ 100 kΩ
C1 = C2
RCOMP = 0.14 × R1
The cutoff frequency is located at
10
fC =
2π R1 C1 R2 C2
Rev. D | Page 24 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
Careful analysis and adjustment of all of the component values The design of the high-pass filter involves tradeoffs between signal
in practice is recommended to optimize the filter characteristics. distortion, component count, low frequency rejection, and
A useful hint is to reduce the value of RCOMP to increase the peaking component sizes. For example, a single-pole high-pass filter
of the active filter to overcome the additional roll off results in the least distortion to the signal, but its rejection of
introduced by the ac coupling network. Proper adjustment can low-frequency artifacts is the lowest
yield the best pass-band flatness. Table 4 compares the recommended filtering options.
Rev. D | Page 25 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
LOW-PASS FILTERING AND GAIN between the instrumentation amplifier output and the input of
The AD8232 includes an uncommitted op amp that can be the low-pass filter without a buffer.
used for extra gain and filtering. For applications that do not To connect these two filtering stages properly without a buffer,
require a high-order filter, a simple RC low-pass filter should make the value of R1 at least ten times larger than the resistor
suffice, and the op amp can buffer or further amplify the signal. of the ac coupling network (labeled as R2 in Figure 55).
FROM IN-AMP DRIVING ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS
STAGE R FILTERED
SIGNAL The ability of AD8232 to drive capacitive loads makes it ideal to
A1
drive an ADC without the need for an additional buffer. However,
C depending on the input architecture of the ADC, a simple low-
REFOUT
pass RC network may be required to decouple the transients
10866-158
from the switched-capacitor input typical of modern ADCs.
Figure 59. Schematic for a Single-Pole Low-Pass Filter and Additional Gain This RC network also acts as an additional filter that can help
Applications that require a steeper roll off or a sharper cut off, a reduce noise and aliasing. Follow the recommended guidelines
Sallen-Key filter topology can be implemented, as shown in from the ADC data sheet for the selection of proper R and C
Figure 60. values.
C1
AD8232
FROM IN-AMP
STAGE R1 R2 FILTERED
SIGNAL R
A1 10 ADC
A1
10866-261
C
R3
C2
REFOUT Figure 61. Driving an ADC
10866-159
R4
DRIVEN ELECTRODE
Figure 60. Schematic for a Two-Pole Low-Pass Filter
A driven lead (or reference electrode) is often used to minimize
The following equations describe the low-pass cut off frequency, the effects of common-mode voltages induced by the power
gain, and Q: line and other interfering sources. The AD8232 extracts the
fC = 1/(2π√(R1 C1 R2 C2)) common-mode voltage from the instrumentation amplifier
inputs and makes it available through the RLD amplifier to drive
Gain = 1 + R3/R4
an opposing signal into the patient. This functionality maintains
R1× C1 × R2 × C2 the voltage between the patient and the AD8232 at a near
Q=
R1× C2 + R2 × C 2 + R1× C1(1 − Gain) constant, greatly improving the common-mode rejection ratio.
Note that changing the gain has an effect on Q and vice versa. As a safety measure, place a resistor between the RLD pin and
Common values for Q are 0.5 to avoid peaking or 0.7 for the electrode connected to the subject to ensure that current
maximum flatness and sharp cut off. A high value of Q can be flow never exceeds 10 µA. Calculate the value of this resistor to
used in narrow-band applications to increase peaking and the be equal to the supply voltage across the AD8232 divided by
selectivity of the band-pass filter. 10 µA.
A common design procedure is to set R1 = R2 = R and C1 = C2 = The AD8232 implements an integrator formed by an internal
C, which simplifies the expressions for cutoff frequency and Q to 150 kΩ resistor and an external capacitor to drive this electrode.
Choice of the integrator capacitor is a tradeoff between line
fC = 1/(2πRC) rejection capability and stability. The capacitor should be small
1 to maintain as much loop gain as possible, around 50 Hz and
Q=
3 − Gain 60 Hz, which are typical line frequencies. For stability, the gain
Note that Q can be controlled by setting the gain with R3 and of the integrator should be less than unity at the frequency of
R4; however, this limits the gain to be less than 3. For gain any other poles in the loop, such as those formed by the
values equal to or greater than 3, the circuit becomes unstable. patient’s capacitance and the safety resistors. The suggested
A simple modification that allows higher gains is to make the application circuits use a 1 nF capacitor, which results in a loop
value of C2 at least four times larger than C1. gain of about 20 at line frequencies, with a crossover frequency of
about 1 kHz.
It is important to note that these design equations only hold
In a two-lead configuration, the RLD amplifier can be used to
true in the case that the output impedance of the previous stage
drive the bias current resistors on the inputs. Although not as
is much lower than the input impedance of the Sallen-Key
effective as a true driven electrode, this configuration can
filter. This is not the case when using an ac coupling network
provide some common-mode rejection improvement if the
sense electrode impedance is small and well matched.
Rev. D | Page 26 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
APPLICATION CIRCUITS
HEART RATE MEASUREMENT NEXT TO THE HEART The input terminals in this configuration use two 180 kΩ
For wearable exercise devices, the AD8232 is typically placed in resistors, to protect the user from fault conditions. Two 10 MΩ
a pod near the heart. The two sense electrodes are placed under- resistors provide input bias. Use higher values for electrodes
neath the pectoral muscles; no driven electrode is used. Because with high output impedance, such as cloth electrodes.
the distance from the heart to the AD8232 is small, the heart The schematic also shows two 10 MΩ resistors to set the
signal is strong and there is less muscle artifact interference. midscale reference voltage. If there is already a reference
In this configuration, space is at a premium. By using as few voltage available, it can be driven into the REFIN input to
external components as possible, the circuit in Figure 62 is eliminate these two 10 MΩ resistors.
optimized for size. EXERCISE APPLICATION: HEART RATE MEASURED
0.22µF
AT THE HANDS
In this application, the heart rate signal is measured at the
ELECTRODE HPDRIVE HPSENSE
hands with stainless steel electrodes. The user’s arm and upper
INTERFACE
180kΩ 10MΩ body movement create large motion artifacts and the long lead
+IN IAOUT
10MΩ 180kΩ
+VS length makes the system susceptible to common-mode inter-
–IN REFIN
10MΩ 0.1µF ference. A very narrow band-pass characteristic is required to
10MΩ RLDFB +VS
0.1µF
10MΩ separate the heart signal from the interferers.
1nF
RLD GND
+VS
AD8232 0.22µF
SW FR
10866-262
SIGNAL OUTPUT
A single-pole high-pass filter is set at 7 Hz, and there is no low-
Figure 64. Circuit for Heart Rate Measurement at Hands
pass filter. No gain is used on the output op amp thereby
reducing the number of resistors for a total system gain of 100. The circuit in Figure 64 uses a two-pole high-pass filter set at
70 7 Hz. A two-pole low-pass filter at 24 Hz follows the high-pass
filters to eliminate any other artifacts and line noise.
60
70
50 60
MAGNITUDE (dB)
40 50
MAGNITUDE (dB)
30 40
20 30
10 20
0
10866-057
10
0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0
10866-059
Figure 63. Frequency Response for HRM Next to Heart Circuit 0.1 1 10 100 1k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 65. Frequency Response for HRM Circuit Taken at the Hands
Rev. D | Page 27 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
The overall narrow-band nature of this filter combination In addition to 40 Hz filtering, the op amp stage is configured
distorts the ECG waveform significantly. Therefore, it is only for a gain of 11, resulting in a total system gain of 1100. To
suitable to determine the heart rate, and not to analyze the ECG optimize the dynamic range of the system, the gain level is
signal characteristics. adjustable, depending on the input signal amplitude (which
The low-pass filter stage also includes a gain of 11, to bring the may vary with electrode placement) and ADC input range.
total system gain close to 1100 (note that the filter roll off PORTABLE CARDIAC MONITOR WITH ELIMINA-
prevents the maximum gain from reaching this value). Because TION OF MOTION ARTIFACTS
the ECG signal is measured at the hands, it is weaker than when
The circuit in Figure 68 shows an implementation of a battery-
measured closer to the heart.
powered embedded system for monitoring heart rate in
The RLD circuit drives to the third electrode, which can also be applications where the patient engages in moderate activity,
located at the hands, to cancel common-mode interference. such as with a Holter monitor. The AD8232 uses a three-
CARDIAC MONITOR CONFIGURATION electrode patient interface and implements a two-pole high-
pass filter with a cutoff at 0.3 Hz, and a two-pole low-pass filter
This configuration is designed for monitoring the shape of the with a cutoff frequency of 37 Hz. The total signal gain in the
ECG waveform. It assumes that the patient remains relatively pass band is 400. The fully conditioned signal is sampled by the
still during the measurement, and therefore, motion artifacts sigma-delta ADC integrated on the low power microcontroller,
are less of an issue. ADuCM360. The wide dynamic range of this ADC provides
0.33µF
flexibility to reduce the signal gain to avoid saturation, depending
+VS
on electrode placement.
0.33µF
REFOUT
Because the pass band is relatively wide for ambulatory applica-
10MΩ 1.4MΩ
HPDRIVE HPSENSE
10MΩ
tions, the ADXL346 accelerometer signal can be used to further
10MΩ 10MΩ
LA
180kΩ
+IN IAOUT minimize the noise introduced by the motion of the patient.
RA
180kΩ
–IN REFIN
+VS
Moreover, the microcontroller can use the motion information
10MΩ 0.1µF to monitor inactivity and to issue a system shutdown to save
RLDFB +VS 10MΩ
360kΩ 1nF 0.1µF battery power.
RL RLD GND
SW
AD8232
FR +VS
The low dropout regulator ensures that the maximum of 3 V is
1MΩ 1MΩ not exceeded, especially during charge cycles of the battery,
OPAMP+ AC/DC
10nF which can be a lithium-ion cell.
REFOUT SDN
100kΩ
1.5nF OPAMP– LO+ TO DIGITAL In this application, the ADuCM360 uses its Port 0 to perform
1MΩ INTERFACE
OUT LO–
DMA transfers to the host communication interface or to an
on-board memory, if recording the waveform for later transfer.
10866-266
SIGNAL OUTPUT However, in any particular application, this port should be used
Figure 66. Circuit for ECG Waveform Monitoring for the busiest interface to minimize CPU cycles and maintain
To obtain an ECG waveform with minimal distortion, the low power operation.
AD8232 is configured with a 0.5 Hz two-pole high-pass filter Note that this circuit is shown to demonstrate the capabilities
followed by a two-pole, 40 Hz, low-pass filter. A third electrode of AD8232 and other system components. It is not a complete
is driven for optimum common-mode rejection. system design and additional effort must be made to ensure
70 compliance with medical safety guidelines from regulatory
agencies.
60
50
MAGNITUDE (dB)
40
30
20
10
0
10866-061
Rev. D | Page 28 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
+VS 4.7µF
10MΩ
HPDRIVE HPSENSE +VS = +2.8V ADP150x-2.8
10MΩ 180kΩ 10MΩ VOUT VIN
LA +IN IAOUT 1µF GND 1µF VBATT
180kΩ +VS
RA –IN REFIN
ELECTRODE 10MΩ 0.1µF
INTERFACE 4.7µF
RLDFB +VS 10MΩ
360kΩ 1nF 0.1µF
RL RLD GND
AD8232
SW FR +VS
1MΩ 1MΩ
OPAMP+ AC/DC ADuCM360 ADXL346
100kΩ 6.8nF P0.6/IRQ2 INT2
REFOUT SDN P1.2 VS +VS
332kΩ P1.7/CS0 CS
2.7nF OPAMP– LO+ P1.1 VDDIO
P1.6/MOSI0 SDO/ALT_ADD
1MΩ 1µF
OUT LO– P1.0 P1.4/MISO0 SDA/SDI/SDIO GND
P1.SCLK0 SCL/SCLK
AIN0
REG_DVDD
AIN1 0.47µF 0.47µF
AVDD_REG
+VS VREF+
4.7µF
AVDD P0.3/CS1 CS
TX TO HOST,
IOVDD P0.0/MISO1 MEMORY
VREF– P0.2/MOSI1 RX OR
10866-163
DISPLAY
GND P0.1/SCLK1 CLK
Rev. D | Page 29 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
4.10 0.30
4.00 SQ 0.25
PIN 1 3.90 0.18
INDICATOR PIN 1
INDIC ATOR AREA OPTIONS
16 20 (SEE DETAIL A)
0.50 1
15
BSC
2.75
EXPOSED
PAD 2.60 SQ
2.35
5
11
0.50 10 6
0.20 MIN
TOP VIEW BOTTOM VIEW
0.40
0.30
0.80 FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
0.75 SIDE VIEW THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
0.05 MAX THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
0.70 FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
0.02 NOM
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
COPLANARITY
SEATING 0.08
PLANE 0.20 REF
10-12-2017-C
PKG-003502
4.10 0.30
4.00 SQ 0.25
PIN 1
INDICATOR 3.90 0.20 P IN 1
AREA I N D IC ATO R AR E A OP T I O N S
16 (SEE DETAIL A)
20
15 1
0.50
BSC
2.20
EXPOSED 2.10 SQ
PAD
2.00
11 5
0.075 MAX
10 6 0.20 MIN
TOP VIEW 0.60 BOTTOM VIEW
0.55 2.00 REF
0.50
0.80
0.75 SIDE VIEW FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
0.050 MAX THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
0.70 THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
0.035 NOM FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
COPLANARITY SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
0.075 0.08
SEATING (Step dimension)
12-12-2019-A
Rev. D | Page 30 of 32
Data Sheet AD8232
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option
AD8232ACPZ-R7 −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP] CP-20-8
AD8232ACPZ-RL −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP] CP-20-8
AD8232ACPZ-WP −40°C to +85°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP] CP-20-8
AD8232WACSZ −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_SS] CS-20-1
AD8232WACSZ-RL −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_SS] CS-20-1
AD8232WACSZ-R7 −40°C to +105°C 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_SS] CS-20-1
AD8232-EVALZ Evaluation Board
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. D | Page 31 of 32
AD8232 Data Sheet
NOTES
Rev. D | Page 32 of 32