International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Manufacturing of Floor Tiles by using Polypropylene

as a Plastic Waste Material with Manufactured Sand
Prof. Siddesh Pai1 & Sridhar Sawant2
1
Assistant Professor @ NICMAR Goa, India
2
Student of PGP-Advanced Construction Management, NICMAR Goa, India
Email Id: siddeshp@nicmar.ac.in,sridharsc22@gmail.com

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4403494

Abstract

In India, plenty of industrial waste is generated by industrial activity, such as that of factories, mills, and mines. In
addition to this industrial waste, municipal limits. This is a major source of environmental pollution and its proper
disposal in challenging problems to safeguard the environment for the future generation.
The proper utilisation of waste plastic from the industries are suitable for manufacturing of plastic tiles and it will not
only bring out the significant saving on the tile material cost but simultaneously shall help in tackling the problem of
such waste material.

Keywords: Analysing the compressive strength of Tiles by using M-Sand & Polypropylene Plastic waste Material.

Introduction
One of the main technical problems is to master the cracking of green concrete. The cracking is mainly generated by restrained
shrinkage. It appears when the tensile stress developed by shrinkage is greater than the tensile strength of concrete. To reduce
the phenomenon of shrinkage and the induced cracking, satisfactory results are obtained by adding fibers. The fibers used in this
study are polypropylene.

Importance of plastics in construction industries

The construction industry is the nation’s second-largest consumer of plastics. Only packaging creates more demand for plastic
materials today. In the construction of all types of building – for pipes, valves, and fittings, heavy-duty uses, and decorative
touches, inside and outside-plastics are building a reputation for durability, aesthetics, easy handling, and high performance.

Polypropylene
Polypropylene is a polymer substance that can be used during the manufacturing of plastic tiles. Polypropylene has the
properties of polymer which can change its plastic state to a liquid state. And once it gets cooled it looks like a glassy part. This
polymer is known as a thermoplastic polymer.

Literature review
Allan M.L. and Kukacka L.E, (1995) studied the behavior of polypropylene fibres in cementitious grouts to determine whether
the improved mechanical properties could be achieved. The authors concluded that the width of cracks will be reduced,
developed under restrained shrinkage conditions by adding 0.1 to 0.2% of polypropylene fibres by volume. Polypropylene fibres
do not alter compressive strength and flexural strength but improve ductility.
Mesbah H. A, Buyle-Bodin f. (1999) studied the influence of polypropylene and metallic fibres in recycled aggregates mortars
by adding different proportions to reduce shrinkage and cracking. It was concluded that to reduce the consequence of shrinkage
in recycled aggregate mortars polypropylene fibres should be added. The results of the tests have shown that with fibre content
greater than or equal to 0.25%, crack widths are considerably reduced.
Athanas konin (2011) studied the possibility of using plastic waste as a binding material in the manufacture of roofing tiles. It
was concluded that a sample of tiles made of plastic waste has a value of porosity that is very low (less than 5%) while that of
the tile in micro-concrete (TPO) is more than 10%. It was also found out that the

31

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

The abrasion resistance of plastic waste tiles is comparatively more than that for other tiles. It was reported that for a higher
proportion of plastic in tiles, the rigidity of polypropylene makes the plastic binder tiles have a behavior that is virtually
identical to micro-concrete tiles.
Gowri. S, Rajkumar. N, (2011) the study on the behavior of plastic mixed reinforced concrete columns under axial
compression has suggested that plastics can be used in the construction industry at various places. This paper provides all the
support in selecting suitable engineering plastics, process, and design for the conversion of conventional material to
engineering plastics for performance and system cost benefits.

Materials used during the manufacturing of plastic tiles

Manufactured sand is preferred for the preparation of the tile.

Sand
Manufactured sand is used for making tiles. And sand particles should be free from dust and organic impurities.

Fig 1, M-Sand used

Plastic waste material
polypropylene plastic is used for the manufacturing of plastic tiles. The polypropylene plastic should not produce
any toxic fumes.

Fig 2 Polypropylene Plastic used

Objectives
Based on the literature review carried out the following objectives have been set in the present project are,
i) To evaluate the physical property of tile i.e. water absorption test.
ii) To evaluate mechanical properties like transverse resistance, resistance to Impact.

Scope
Our study is regarding the proper utilization of waste plastic material in the manufacture of tiles with polypropylene as a basis.
Nowadays the cost of every product is increase day by day. So that to reduce the expenses of construction material and try to
make an economical one, we are manufacturing the plastic tiles. The main aim of our project is to converting waste to wealth is
the technology of the day. Now a day’s plastic waste is increasing with people's generation so this type of project helps in
reducing the universal waste content and which helps to control the damage to the planet and lives.

32

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Methodology
1.1 Melting of plastic waste:
The first step is to weigh the material on how much is required for the manufacturing of tiles. And then the plastic they are
crushed and they are added to the drum. And they are heated above 130-140 degrees Celsius (melting temperature of
polypropylene).

Fig 3 Melting of plastic Fig 4 Melted plastic

1.2 A mixture of materials:

When the plastic turns to a liquid state. Then the sand is added while stirring the mixture. So that no lumps should be formed
during this process.

Fig 5 Mixing of sand and plastic

1.3 The moulding:

The mould should be spread with vegetable oil or grease. Then the whole mixture of sand and plastic is added to the mould so
that it should spread evenly all over the entire mould.

Fig 6 Moulding

33

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

For total 4000g calculation

Fig 7 fully prepared Mould

Table 1 : Composition of tiles studied (30cmx30cmx1.5cm)

Components TP30 TP40 TP50

Cement (g) 0 0 0
Plastic wastes (g) 1200 1600 2000
Plastic wastes (%) 30 40 50
Water (ml) 0 0 0
Sand (g) 2800 2400 2000
Ratio 3:7 2:3 1:1

Test Result’s

Tests are carried out as per the procedure and the following results are obtained

1.4 Water absorption test:

Table 2: Table observation table for water absorption

SL.NO
DESCRIPTION WET WEIGHT (KG) DRY WEIGHT DIFFERENCE % OF WATER
(KG) (KG) ABSORPTION
1 TP30% 3.617 3.609 0.008 0.22%
2 TP40% 3.531 3.525 0.006 0.17%
3 TP50% 3.653 3.645 0.008 0.21%

34

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Water absorptio

Fig 8 Tiles in water

Water absorbtion
0.25%

0.20%

0.15%

0.10%

0.05%
30% 40% 50%
0.00%
Water absorption test

Compression Test:

Table 3: Values of Compressive strength of tiles

Size of table LXBXD Crushing load in Compressive strength in

SL.NO Specimen
(mmxmmxmm) (N) N/mm^2)

1 TP30 300x300x15 410X10^3 8.13

2 TP40 300x300x15 380X10^3 6.94
3 TP50 300x300x15 630X10^3 12.5

The table shows the transverse strength of the tiles. It results from this table that the load that admits table to the bending
increases with the proportion of the plastic.

35

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Fig9:Instrumental setup

Compressive strength of tile

14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 TP30% TP40% TP50%

36

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Resistance to impact
Table 4: Values of impact height of tiles

SL.NO Tile specimen Weight (g) Height of crack appearance (M)

1 30% 200 1
2 40% 200 0.85
3 50% 200 1.2

The results of the impact tests show that the TP50 tile has a value of height high compare to the tiles TP30 and TP40. The
height of the appearance of crack increases with an increase in the proportion of plastic.

Fig 10 Impact test

Impact test
1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 30% 40% 50%

Advantages:
1. Higher resistance to water-induced damages.
2. Resistance to wear and tear.
3. It is durable against weather conditions.
4. Tiles are waterproof.
5. Tiles are economical

37

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
 International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

Conclusions
1. Tests are carried out during manufacturing of tiles as set in objectives and results obtained have shown better results
than normal cement tile. The proportion of 50%of plastic binder give the best results both physically (water
absorption test) and mechanically (transverse resistance, resistance to impact, and). Therefore this gauging is to be
used for the formulations of plastic waste tiles.
2. The use of plastic waste in the manufacture of tiles can be considered while taking into account for this study.
Instead of using cement, we can go for polypropylene plastic.

References
[1]. Allan M.L, Kukacka L.E (1995) Strength and durability of polypropylene fibre reinforcement grouts…cement concrete research
25(3):511-521
[2]. Mesbah HA, Buyle-bodin F, (1999) efficiency of polypropylene and metallic fibres on control of shrinkage and cracking of
recycled aggregates mortars…construction building material 13(1):439-447.
[3]. Athanas Konin use of plastic wastes as a building material in the manufacture of tiles: plastic wastes with a basis of
polypropylene. Materials and structures (2011)44:1381-1387.
[4]. Wikipedia, basic properties and applications of a polymer.
[5]. Website material on plastic waste management, Central Pollution control board Delhi,(2013).
[6]. T. Awwad Mohammad and sheeb lina, “The use of polyethylene in hot Asphalt Mixtures”, American Journal of Applies science,
pp. 390-396, (2007).
[7]. K.B. Joy, “Making Floor Tiles from Plastic Waste”, The Hindu-online Edition of India’s national newspaper, (2007).

38

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com
International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work (2581-5997)/ Volume 3/Issue12/December 2020

39

© 2020, IJASRW, All right reserved

http://www.ijasrw.com