Казань
КГТУ
2010
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
ISBN 978-5-7882-0983-8
© Мифтахова Н.Х., Муртазина Э.М., 2010 г.
2
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Предисловие
3
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
4
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
5
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
6
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Basic Course
Грамматика
1. О четырех основных формах глагола (§ 1).
2. Анализ таблицы глагольных форм: оборот
долженствования (§ 2); прошедшее неопределенное время
(§ 3).
3. Упражнения № 1-8
Лексика
1. Развитие навыков произношения (лексико-фонетические
упражнения).
2. Ключевые слова (термины урока).
3. Лексико-грамматические структуры, используемые в
текстах урока.
Практическое применение языковых знаний для решения
коммуникативных задач
1. Развитие коммуникативных навыков в после-текстовых
упражнениях.
2. Topic 1. Meeting and greeting people.
3. Фразовый глагол “DO”. Упражнения. Мини-диалоги.
7
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
8
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
9
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
10
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
11
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
12 STEPS:
STEP ONE: Admit it! Now you’ve done it! You took a long,
hard look in the mirror to appreciate your style at its true value. Stop
snoozing behind the style wheel and do something about it. There is
absolutely no reason to look boring (1), unless you intentionally
want to be perceived that way.
12
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
STEP SIX: Assess what you have and what suits your lifestyle!
Surely, your entire wardrobe isn’t a complete fashion disaster. It may
be as simple as understanding different ways to mix pieces that you
already own with a few great, new fashion fixes to truly upgrade
your style (6). Couple together the unexpected for stylish results.
STEP EIGHT: Find your fit! One of the secrets French women
have to looking chic, is a tailor. Take the time and effort to have your
clothes altered to fit you perfectly. A little nip and tuck here and
there can be the difference between looking dumpy and looking
dynamite. But don’t expect total tailoring magic if something is
simply not the right cut for you. Understand your shape and dress
for it (8) .
13
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
STEP ELEVEN: Hair and beauty! Style doesn’t stop above the
shoulders (11). You admit that your skin tone is uneven without
make-up, most woman have the same problem. There’s no excuse
not to adapt a fast, five-minute, natural make-up routine that can get
you out of the house looking refreshed everyday. It’s usually easiest
and the most cost effective to have a cosmetic counter makeover.
You are only expected to buy the products that you want—tinted
moisturizer would be a good start to even your complexion.
14
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
CONCEPT TABLE
Steps for Developing Your Personal Style
STEPS R E L A T E D I D E A S/ D E S C R I P T I O N S YES NO
1.Admit it! There is absolutely no reason
to look boring.
2. Believe that you
can be beautiful Beauty is subjective.
3. Find a Fashion
Idol Find a fashion idol who inspires you and
take note of how to make her personal
4. Educate yourself style yours.
15
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
It’s been said that fifty is the new thirty. People have methods to
oppose age and make the most of what they’ve got to peel off the
calendar years to simply look marvelous in a way that is timeless.
Trends today have become so universal, teens are wearing top
designers and their moms are shopping at off the radar, funky
boutiques. It’s really not about the age you are, but about the age that
you appear. Sure, as time goes on your body shifts and skin slackens,
but with sensible upkeep and a modern outlook, you can continue to
look amazing if you manage to get round the age.
But what does that mean: to get round the age? No ultra-low
hipsters worn with tiny shirts (even if your figure says yes, common
sense says shorten the amount of exposed flesh), and no baby-doll
mini. Most important, look like you have arrived and not like you’re
16
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Should you throw these things away? Not necessarily. Get rid
of pieces which define your age, like a T-shirt unless it’s cashmere
and you pair it under a lean menswear suit. Wear that baby-doll mini
over the too-low jeans and mid heel boots to keep the look relaxed
rather than teenybopper. Slice the belly baring top down the middle
and wear it as a shrug over a classic white roll-neck sweater and
knee-length skirt. Upgrade cute to cool, but do not give up on
modern. Keep the spirit in your wardrobe and the life in your
outlook. Be daring, but not inadequate.
18
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Off went mama mia Monroe's glasses. On came the Marilyn walk.
What happened next? Cars came to a screeching halt. Only now did
she transform into Marilyn the Goddess?
I have met and worked with many celebrities who were completely
indistinct and introverted until they put "it" on - and, wow! That
sweet cakes, is charisma. And, this magical "something" is the most
powerful form of allure that anyone can possess.
19
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
It is very true that when you are confident about your attractiveness,
you send out a positive exuberance so daily tasks seem to become
easier. Accept the imperfections of your body and make the most of
what you have. Present an exquisite spectacle of yourself for the
world to admire. Enjoy life!
20
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
21
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
22
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS
Model
A: Let’s have a drink before we start. I feel a bit tired. A pint of beer will
do us a world of good.
B: We’d better not. One can never be too careful on the road.
Resource list: Mind you don’t… Be sure not to… You’d better not…
You’ve been warned… Be careful… Watch out… I’d never … Mark my
words…
1) Mind your own business! 2) The girl lives in a fool’s paradise thinking
she’s a beauty. 3) Let’s lie on the beach. The sun is wonderfully hot. 4)
Buy the child all sorts of ice-cream they sell here. Be generous. 5) I have
decided to turn my back upon my new room-mate.
CHORUS (CHORUS)
Homeward bound,
23
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(CHORUS)
TEST TO LESSON 1*
1. Укажите, в каком предложении паузы расставлены верно:
24
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Fashion is an entirely
unnecessary and yet
delightful detail of human
life.
- Joice Miller
25
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Грамматика
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Проверьте, правильно ли вы читаете следующие слова:
entirely [In'taIqlI]; unnecessary [An'nesqsqrI]; delightful
[dI'laItful]; detail ['dJteIl]; quality [ 'kwOlItI]; costume
['kOstjHm]; attitude ['xtItjHd]; towards [tq'wLdz]; amused
[q'mjHzd]; tolerance ['tOlqrqns]; distinctions [dIs'tInkSqn];
womenfolk ['wImqnfquk]; embarrassed [Im'bxrqt]; arbitrary
['RbItrqrI]; absurd [qb'sWd]; reward [rI'wLd].
26
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(1) to contend, (2) to follow, (3) to give, (4) to lack, (5) to behold, (6) to
pretend, (7) to detect, (8) to conform, (9) to wear, (10) to change, (11) to
leave, (12) to embrace, (13) to be in front rank, (14) to cause, (15) to offer,
(16) to follow.
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания c русского языка на
английский, используя глаголы упражнения 4:
(1) никто не будет спорить; (2) следовать моде; (3) давать радость;
(4) не хватает умственных и моральных качеств; (5) пристально
наблюдать за модницами; (6) они делают вид, что не могут
определить; (7) определить тонкие отличия; (8) следовать
общепринятым представлениям; (9) что не носят; (10) мужская мода
изменяется медленно; (11) переставать следовать старой моде; (12)
принимать новую моду; (13) быть на самом переднем крае моды;
(14) заставить все взгляды обратиться в ее сторону; (15) предлагать
вознаграждение; (16) охотно следовать моде.
6. Прочтите несколько раз лексическую программу текста «А»,
найдите ее в тексте и переведите предложения, содержащие
эту программу.
1. delightful detail of human life восхитительная деталь человеческой
жизни
2. was lacking in any great mental or не хватает прекрасных умственных и
moral quality моральных качеств
3. fashion has given joy in age after мода приносит радость людям всех
age возрастов
4. to the women who are thus up-to- женщинам, одежда которых отвечает
date in their costume современным требованиям
27
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TEXT A. Fashions
28
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
29
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
“If anything happens to me, do you think people will see me as another
Jackie Kennedy?” Diana, Princess of Wales said. Yes, Diana they do.
1. allure – обаяние
2. ghastly hat horrors – ужасно жуткие шляпы
3. de rigueur [ dqri'gR] - модный
4. compelling – неотразимый
5. visceral – интуитивный
6. to get the boot – быть уволенным
7. to fall mercy – быть отданным на милость
8. public humiliation – публичное унижение
9. to be sexed up – содержать элементы сексуальности
10. her appeal was genuine – ее обращение было искренним
11. style bites – изюминки стиля
5.Прочитайте текст С.
TEXT C. Giorgio
Armani
Characteristically dressed in
jeans, a white shirt opened at
the neck, and a navy cotton
pullover, Giorgio Armani
(born 1935) designs new
fashions in his 16th-century
palazzo in Milan. He was
given the honorary Neiman
Marcus Award, and has built
an international reputation -
as well as a fortune - on his revolutionary, unstructured jacket for men.
30
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
In April of 1982 Time magazine placed the photo of Giorgio Armani on its
cover. Armani's first radically different blazer appeared in the fashion
world under his own label between 1974 and 1975. His sartorial style
exhibited a decidedly relaxed, even rumpled look. The designer softened
these new jackets by pulling out the padding and lining and leaving out
stiffeners of any kind. He combined thinner lapels with baggier pockets and
longer jackets. Armani's unstructured look makes even his English wool
suits feel as comfortable as silk pajamas. Armani's suit jackets reflected the
defiant, angry mood of political and social unrest. But fashion evolves and
Armani's designs changed by the end of the 1970s. Creating what would
eventually be known as the "wedge-shaped power suit," Armani extended
the shoulders and even added padding to them. The lapels were widened,
and the broadest point of the lapel, called the gorge, was lowered.
The effect was similar to a style once worn by Hollywood sex symbols like
Clark Gable. Still casual and comfortable, the new style was what the New
York Times called a "second sartorial innovation" that endowed men with a
"broad-shouldered, slim-hipped glamour."
In 1980, Giorgio Armani USA offered the American market a hybrid of the
two styles. His more fluid sport coats of the first half of the decade could be
compared to cardigan sweaters, with comfortable, sloping shoulders. These
jackets were teamed up with T-shirts for a studied, informal look. The
unmistakable Armani style evolved into an even more simplified version of
the original blazer. In his spring 1990 women's collection, Armani called
attention to the generous flow of jackets by stripping them of superfluous
detail.
Fabrics included silk-lined cotton and mixtures of velvet, silk, wool, and
linen, in a variety of patterns and stripes. Whatever Armani chooses to offer
31
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
32
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
33
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
34
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. Explain the meaning of the expressions with the verb ‘GO’ (You are
allowed to use dictionaries).
1) to go with the times; 2) to go back on one’s word; 3) to go in for sports;
4) it goes without saying; 5) to go wrong; 6) What has gone with him? 7)
my heart went pit-a-pat; 8) all his plans went flop; 9) let me go: 10) to go
with the current; 11) to go into details; 12 let it go; 13) I’m afraid he’s
going downhill.
35
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Make up 2-phrase dialogs (up to the model) responding to the given statements
by saying what must be done (or should not) and keeping the conversation going.
Model
B: You mustn’t take his words too much to heart. First make sure it was not your
fault.
(1) I feel ill at ease in the strange company. (2) I can’t bring myself to admit
that I was wrong. (3) I wish I could go with you on holiday. (4) Get away
with you! (Да ну тебя!) (5) I’m looking forward to changing my job.
36
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Cos tonight for the first time God bless Mother Nature
Just about half past ten She's a single woman too
For the first time in history She took over heaven
It's gonna start raining men And she did what she had to do
|
а) Maturation is the orderly sequence | of changes | dictated by the genetic |
blueprint we each have.
37
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
|
b) Maturation is the orderly sequence of changes | dictated by the genetic
blueprint | we each have.
2.Определите ряд, в котором суффикс –ed читается [d]:
a) talked, emphasized, declined, influenced, assisted, maintained, reported
b) mastered, emphasized, declined, extended, provided, satisfied, claimed
c) moved, referred, claimed, maintained, declined, described, exposed
38
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Lesson Three
The Life Cycle of Fashion
An innovation is perceived
as having a life cycle, that
is, it is born, matures and
dies. The rate of fashion
change is defined by
characteristics of the
product, the market, or
audience, the distribution
cycle and those
characteristics of
individuals and societies
where innovation takes
place.
A.Rogers, designer
Грамматика
1. Оборот долженствования TO HAVE + INFINITIVE (§ 7)
1. Времена группы Perfect (§§ 8,9)
2. Упражнения № 26-32.
Лексика
1. Развитие навыков произношения (лексико-фонетические
упражнения).
2. Лексико-грамматические структуры, используемые в
текстах урока.
Практическое применение языковых знаний для решения
коммуникативных задач
39
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
40
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
New styles are offered each season. There are five characteristics the
presence of which help to distribute innovations in designing clothes:
42
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
The consumer who adopts the fashion at the beginning of the curve is
an innovator or opinion leader; at the peak - a mass-market consumer; after
the peak - a laggard.
43
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
CONCEPT TABLE
Diffusion of Innovations in Clothes Design
Сharacteristics R E L A T E D I D E A S/ D E S C R I P - YES NO
TIONS
1. Superiority The new design should
be better than the
2.Compatibility previous one.
The new design should conform
3.Complexity with the existing norms.
The funny thing about image mistakes is that usually we are not even
aware that we are committing a first-degree fashion police felony. But, with
a little awareness, we can all adapt our erring ways. In your case, make
your lips more approachable. Soften the line of your lipliner by blending it
with a sponge-tip pencil and then apply a similar color lipstick over it, so
the outline is barely visible and the result is far more natural.
Keep in mind that any "rule" of beauty can be broken. What we see in
magazines is sometimes strictly to excite, entice, and inspire - not to
actually copy per se. As far as real-life goes, unless you are model-cute and
hanging out in a club, best efforts are to wear makeup to enhance your
features in the most natural and least jarring way - with a little nod to a
modern trend, of course.
45
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
However, there are some beauty no-no's that no matter what, are best
avoided:
Clumpy Mascara - Mascara should thicken, lengthen and darken in a
fashion that mimics real lush eyelashes.
Lining Your Inner Eye In Blue - It only "brightens" eyes on stage and
looks freaky and runny (расплывчато) in person.
Cakey Makeup - You know the kind, it gets caught in your wrinkles, ugh!
Foundation That Stops At Your Chin-- Avoid the makeup mask by
blending the color down your neck.
Wooly Or Over-Plucked Eyebrows - Eyebrows balance your eye shape
and face; they should not overpower or under whelm.
Dragon Lady Nails - If you need your knuckles to use a telephone, your
nails are too long.
Obvious Plastic Surgery - There is some truth to too much of a good
thing.
Perfume That Precedes You And Then Lingers Behind In A Room -
Only dogs need to leave their scent. When in doubt, the key to looking
beautiful is blend, blend, blend with a gentle hand.
Some useful words and phrases:
1. swarthy lip boarder – темная граница губ
2. to look appealing – выглядеть привлекательно
3. to be appropriate – быть уместным
4. to look tacky – выглядеть вульгарно
5. weird – причудливый
6. to be mesmerized – быть зачарованным
7. to commit a beauty no-no - совершить нечто недозволенное против
красоты
8. romantic blur - романтические размытые очертания
9. lipliner - карандаш для губ
10. per se - сам по себе, по существу
11. clumpy mascara – тушь комочками
12. freaky and runny – неестественно и расплывчато
13. least jarring way - наименее раздражающе
14. Cakey Makeup – затвердевший грим
15. foundation – основа
46
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(1) you merely were stuck in a bad (1) к вам пристала дурная
habit that you weren't even aware привычка, о существовании
that you had. которой вы и не догадывались
47
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TEXT C. Madonna
Whether she is wearing navel-baring miniskirts, cone bras, or Gap
jeans, Madonna has been a fashion leader since she
became famous in the mid-1980s.
As an icon of popular culture, she has set
fashion trends and boosted the careers of
established as well as beginner designers. She has
appeared on numerous fashion magazine covers
and has been a fixture at runway shows around the
world. Her chameleonlike ability to regularly
transform her look reflects both the ephemeral
(эфемерный, мимолетный) nature of fashion and
Madonna’s redefinition (переопределение) of
femininity; her styles have encompassed everything
from punk to androgynous, hip-hop, geisha,
western, and military looks.
Born Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone in Bay City, Michigan, in
1958, Madonna was one of six children raised in a strict Catholic home by
her father; her mother died when Madonna was only five years old.
Madonna was a cheerleader in high school. She acted in school plays and
trained as a dancer.
48
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Her first success on the music scene came in 1983 with the release of
her self-titled solo album; she released over a dozen full-length albums
through 2003’s American Life. Although best known as a singer, the
multifaceted entertainer has also starred in numerous films, including the
1991 documentary Truth or Dare, and Evita, for which she won a Golden
Globe in 1996; has been featured in Broadway productions; and has
authored several books. Madonna’s highly individual style was apparent in
her debut on Music Television (MTV) in 1984.
In her videos for “Lucky Star” and “Borderline,” she wore her own
version of punk—black miniskirt rolled down to expose her navel, mesh
knit tank tops with her brassiere peeking through, black lace gloves, stiletto
heels, a “Boy Toy” belt, rubber bracelets, teased hair with an oversized
bow, and heavy makeup.
Music Awards ceremony the previous year, when she wore a white lace
corset and “bridal” ensemble accessorized with her “Boy Toy” belt and
strands of pearls. Her look pervaded street styles of the mid-1980s and
appeared in advertisements for fashion brands such as Benetton. The
popularity of navel-baring (обнажающие пупок) garments has only
increased with the rise of young performers like Britney Spears and
Christina Aguilera donning the look.
Madonna has looked to
fashion icons of the past to
Г-н Браун заве create a persona. In her 1985
video for “Material Girl,” she
copied Marilyn Monroe’s look
from the film Gentlemen Prefer
Blondes, in which Monroe wears a
strapless, pink evening gown with
matching long gloves, adorned
with a lavish diamond necklace
and earrings.
49
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
She has worn haute couture, supporting both known and unknown
designers, and marketed mainstream fashions, with her looks encompassing
different personas. The ubiquity of her unique and highly individual style
makes Madonna an icon of modern fashion.
7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
(1) What designers does Madonna collaborate with?
50
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
(1)to be bound hand and foot; (2) to serve smb. hand and foot; (3) to live
from hand to mouth;
(4) to change hands; (5) to have a hand for drawing; (6) to have clean
hands; (7) to get the upper hand; (8) to have one’s hands full; (9) to lend
smb. a hand; (10) to hand over; (11) to hand up.
51
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
masterpiece changed hands many a time. 9) He is hand and glove with his
twin brother. 10) My sister undoubtedly has a hand for drawing. 11) You
may be sure he never took bribe, he has clean hands. 12) He got the upper
hand over his enemies. 13) Don’t be offended by my refusal. My hands are
full without it.
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb and
noun ‘HAND’
1) You will have to deliver the tickets yourself. 2) Will you help me with
my baggage? 3) The young champions obtained advantage over their elder
competitors. 4) They have inherited it from their father. 5) Pass me the salt,
please. 6) Will you give me some more nails? I can’t get down every other
minute. 7) Ann seems to be good at knitting. 8) The two friends are
inseparable.
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Model
A: Sorry to have kept you waiting.
B: It’s all right. I’ve just come myself.
Reference list: It’s quite all right… That’s all right … Not at all …
Never mind that… Not in the least… No trouble at all … It doesn’t
matter …
(1) I do hope I didn’t hurt you. (2) I beg your pardon. I should have
remembered the date. (3) I am afraid I can’t place you. (4) I am sorry, but I
must be going. (5) Thank you, but I’m afraid it’s too late. (6) I’m awfully
sorry. It was just a slip of the tongue. (7) I must apologize for my curt
answer, but really I was awfully busy.
52
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TEST TO LESSON 3
Rather, humans are changing their environment trying to fit their needs.
a) are
b) are changing
c) trying to fit
a) has reflected, will have arrived, have argued, has to wax, could have
waned
b) has been choosing, had defined, will have invited, has developed,
would have fitted
c) has flourishing, has to evolve, having acquired, have remained, has to
pass
54
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
b) Klaus Riegel has argued that change, not stability, is the key to
understanding development.
- Christian Lacroix
55
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Грамматика
1. Страдательный залог ( § 4)
2. Модальные глаголы (§ 13).
3. Сослагательное наклонение (§ 12)
4. Упражнения № 15-25.
Лексика
1. Развитие навыков произношения (лексико-фонетические
упражнения).
2. Ключевые слова (термины урока).
3. Лексико-грамматические структуры, используемые в текстах
урока.
Практическое применение языковых знаний для решения
коммуникативных задач
1. Развитие коммуникативных навыков в после-текстовых
упражнениях.
2. Topic 4. Learning Foreign Languages.
3. Фразовый глагол “STAND”. Упражнения. Мини-диалоги.
Контроль: Тест урока 4.
Самостоятельная работа:
1. Выполнение индивидуальных заданий преподавателя по аудио-
курсу “Modern English – Ресурсы Интернет в учебном процессе”
(Text 5).
2.Выполнение индивидуальных заданий преподавателя по разделу
«Тексты для чтения»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции.
Догадайтесь об их значении по похожим словам русского языка:
56
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
57
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
9) your style is a bit more downtown Ваш стиль чуть более деловой или
or bohemian? богемный?
58
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
My personal belief is to forget about the year you were born and
dress for the physical shape you are in today. Get a life and you’ll enjoy
life, and you’ll look better for it!
If classic is your thing, keep it fresh. “Do pick pieces that reflect your
personality instead of following some social sense of what’s ‘right.’ Today
it’s appropriate to wear jeans with vintage pieces and evening bag”, says
59
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Gucci designer Frida Giannini. Classic doesn’t have to mean plain - it’s
all in the pieces you go for and how you put them together.
Appear professional when the occasion calls for it and look stylishly
casual for the weekend. But never fall prey to being caught in a fashion rut
because you are afraid to experiment with something new — that will
surely put years on your appearance.
As a business person, you want to appear office appropriate for the type
of business that you are in. No matter what your profession, you have to
avoid wearing overtly teeny bopper clothes with lots of over the top
gimmicks. Avoid exposing too much flesh. Keep your look pulled
together and you’ll be perceived the same way. If your clothing style is all
over the place, you’ll be perceived as scattered.
Now let’s get back to short skirts, the most obvious article of clothing
with an expiration date. They are back in, but the question to ask is how
do your legs look? Are they in shape to stand a shorter skirt, with or
without the help of dark slimming tights? A woman over 50 or 60 who still
has it going on can look stunning in a skirt about an inch or so above her
knee— that skirt length would offer the feeling of legginess without
appearing like she’s stealing her wardrobe from the local dorm.
Know the skin you are in and accept it. When it comes to fashion
trends, become a master at tweaking them and dissecting the right amount
of nuance which flatters you. If there’s trend that you love, but honestly
feel like you’ve missed its prime— skip it. When a style trend reappears
that you have clearly worn 15 or 20 years ago, rethink it and reinterpret it
with just one addition to your wardrobe rather than the full-on retro effect.
Keep up your skin care regime, don’t forget an up to date haircut, stay
true to your personal style, and not take yourself too seriously. If you take
care of yourself, stay healthy and fit, and maintain an open attitude about
life there really isn’t that much of a style difference in what a modern 35 or
45 year-old could wear - it really is the cut that’s tweaked to suit a changing
figure. As we mature simple, well-cut clothes are better than fussy layers
and crazy prints. Who says you need to always dress classically when your
style is a bit more downtown or bohemian? You need to dress in a way that
flatters your figure and individual style, not your friend’s personal taste.
60
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Be sure that your so-called best friend’s fashion advice is sincere. Who
says you need a friend who makes fun of you? That sounds more like
bullying and with ‘friends’ like that, you don’t need enemies.
The term “fashion icon” has recently replaced the slightly antiquated
notion of “fashion leaders.” During the second half of the twentieth
century, fashion became less hierarchical, more meritocratic, and media-
dominated.
Indeed, the media itself created its own icons of style, sometimes
thrusting opinions to stylists, and others involved in the professional
process of promoting fashion. The designer-led fashions of the past were
joined by the concept of fashions created on the streets.
61
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Madame Standish of Paris, who was the first to wear the new “tailor-
mades” by Creed to the Paris racecourse.
Chanel set up her fashion business before World War I and, in its
aftermath, with radically altered style, her designs suited the new needs of
the society. During the War, many women had experienced the freedom of
wearing trousers for manual work—and freedom of movement was
Chanel’s aim. She liked wearing men’s sweaters and put women in soft
jersey and fluid garments. She popularized costume jewelry, the little black
dress—and the suntan. She was emulated in every way, and when she came
back from the Riviera to display her suntan at the Opera, a new craze began.
There was still a role for royalty—men and women were fascinated by
the dress of Edward, Prince of Wales, and his Oxford bags, plus fours, and
Argyle sweaters were widely copied. He even had a fabric pattern named
after him—Prince-of-Wales check. His long-term mistress, Freda Dudley
Ward, embodied the flapper look of the 1920s, but in the following decade
he abandoned her to marry the stylish American divorcee, Wallis Simpson.
It was she who formulated the fashion dictum, “A woman can never be too
rich or too thin.” Although the public was distressed by his abdication, they
nevertheless bought mass-market copies of her Molyneux wedding dress.
Technological changes now meant that fashions could be copied at
moderate prices, and, at last, ordinary women could copy their icons. This
was the decade when Hollywood moguls allowed women to imitate the
dresses of their favorite stars, as well as their makeup.
Designer Edith Head dressed leading stars Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and
the young Elizabeth Taylor in outfits inspired by the New Look. The 1950s saw a
sea change with the advent of youth oriented fashions, linked to music and to the
newly discovered and largest consumer group, the “teenagers.”
Designer Ossie Clark famously dressed Mick Jagger in a white tunic and
trousers in 1969, and in the 1970s the male stars wore makeup. The economic
difficulties of the 1970s produced the hedonism of Studio 54 and the
62
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
confrontational androgyny of punk. In 1977, the Sex Pistols wore clothes designed
by Vivienne Westwood—torn, provocative, and fetishistic. In the 1980s, as
economic prosperity returned, so did conventional icons, like the young Princess
Diana, and more glamorous icons; the “supermodels” were dressed and lionized by
Gianni Versace. Rap stars, like Run-DMC, made active sportswear fashionable;
designers copied their look. In the 1990s, there was a need for less “glitzy” icons;
fashion followed music into “grunge,” photographers like Corinne Day created
“waifs” such as Kate Moss, and sports stars became emblems of style.
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born into a wealthy family and raised to a
life of privilege. Her 1953 marriage to Senator Jack Kennedy at the wealthy
enclave of Newport, Rhode Island, was one of the most glittering social
events of the decade. Mrs. Kennedy became a popular figure during the
1960 presidential campaign; after her husband’s election, her beauty, love
63
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
of clothes, and sense of style set her apart from her rather plain
predecessors as First Lady, Bess Truman and Mamie Eisenhower.
Criticized in some quarters for wearing European fashions, she patronized
American designers, particularly Oleg Cassini (whose designs, however,
owed much to European originals).
(1) In what way did Jacqueline Kennedy differ from her White
House predecessors?
(2) What details of her style became iconic for thousands of
women?
LANGUAGE STUDY
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘STAND’ in your own
sentences.
(1) stand on end (стоять дыбом ( о волосах )); (2) stand on one's head
(встать на уши, пытаясь что-то объяснить); (3) stand on one's own legs
(быть независимым); (4) stand on the defensive (обороняться,
защищаться, стоять/находиться в обороне); (5) stand on the fence
(занимать выжидательную позицию); (6) stand one's ground (проявлять
твердость; стоять на своем); (7) stand Sam (платить за угощение); (8)
stand shilly-shally (колебаться; проявлять нерешительность); (9) stand
shout (угощать выпивкой всю компанию).
(1) Ann’s family is very tenacious. They always stand for each other. (2)
GP stands for general practitioner (терапевт). (3) His elder son stands for
parliament. (4) If you promise a thing you must stand by your word. (5) He
seems to prefer standing by, not rendering actual help to his friends. (6) We
are on friendly terms and don’t stand on ceremony. (7) Sprinters are
coming. Stand out of the path or you will be knocked down. (8) I won’t
stand in with you, for I consider you to be in the wrong. (9) All the
members of the team stood up for their goal-keeper. (10) I can’t stand
impolite people. (11) Stand by to surface! Stand in the gap! (12) You must
stand firm, otherwise they will take the upper hand.
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘STAND’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) At the last election he was a candidate for his town. (2) Our citizens
should know how to defend their rights. (3) We won’t support your
appeal, for it’s groundless. (4) Will you step aside and give the way to the
runners. (5) I can’t endure his lack of table manners. (6) MP means
Member of Parliament.
65
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Model
Reference list: Cheer up… Pull yourself together … It will all come round
… How awful! … I’m so sorry… Could I help you in any way?... Bad luck …
Things do happen… Don’t let that upset you… I wish I could do something
for you …
(1) My brother’s car was stolen yesterday. (2) I have lost all hope to see
him again. (3) Have you heard that Ann’s father has died recently? (4) It is
very cold in here. I am shivering all over. (5) I feel awfully seedy today (Я
плохо себя чувствую). (6) Can you imagine I was late for my classes
today because all the buses were full up and I couldn’t get in? (7) Oh,
bother, I have left my glasses at home. (8) I’m afraid I’m too old to dance.
TEST TO LESSON 4
67
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
a) is
b) is to conduct
c) is providing and leading
a) have been beaten, were filled, is limited, could be diagnosed, are being
raised
b) is widespread, are influenced, will be improved, is strongly tired, are
influenced
c) is present, are expected, is escalating, can be divided, should be given
5. Заполните пропуски, выбрав правильную грамматическую форму:
a) is …….. shaping
b) will ……. be shaped
c) can …….. to shape
Lesson Five
68
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Грамматика
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции.
Догадайтесь об их значении по похожим словам русского языка:
exclusive [Iks'klusIv], in-house presentation ['In'haus "prezen'teISn],
haute couture [autkH'tjuq], clientele ["klJRn’tel], biannual spectacle
[bI'xnjuql 'spektkl], consumer [kqn'sjumq], evolution ["Ivq'luSn],
theatrical display [TI'xtrIkl dIs'pleI], wares [weqz], avant-garde
styles ["xvOn'gRd staIl], mannequins ['mxnIkInz], magnitude
['mxgnItjud], impresario ["Impre'sRrIqu], mass entertainment [mxs
"ente'teInment], supermodels [sjupq'mLdelz], narratives ['nxrqtIvz],
fictional character ['fIkSnl 'kxrktq], realm [relm], conceptual fantasy
[kqn'septjuql 'fxntqsI], licensed products [‘laIsnst 'prOdAkts] .
69
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
70
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
71
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Origins
In nineteenth-century Paris, it was common practice for dressmaker houses
to use their assistants or saleswomen (desmoiselles du magasin) to wear the
designer’s creations while working at the shop. To reach a broader
clientele, many couturiers extended this display to the public arena as well,
with figures such as Charles Frederick Worth dressing his wife in the latest
styles to promenade in socially important areas of the city such as the Bois
du Boulogne. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in London
and Paris, the custom-dressmaking
trade also maintained important and effective links to the world of theater
and advertised its wares by dressing famous actresses both on and off the
stage.
The couture houses were very successful promoters through this medium
and their clientele included such popular stars as Sarah Bernhardt and
Cecile Sorel. The theater, particularly in France and England, became a
place to see the most avant-garde styles and eventually a “fashion play”
genre developed that revolved around the presentation of the latest couture
creations. Dressing members of the fashionable demimonde and house
72
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
mannequins (the term for models in this period) for the races, opera, and
theater premieres, and resort areas were another means of advertising up-to-
the-minute designs.
These theatrical stagings have pushed the fashion show beyond the
garment and into the realm of the conceptual fantasy. These types of shows
function primarily to promote brand recognition and to sell the ready-to-
wear lines and the licensed products.
73
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Models showing the Tommy Hilfiger collection during Fashion Week last
month in New York speak about their attitudes to vocabulary of fashion
shows.
A.P.: А.П.:
I'm Adam Phillips. Today, we Меня зовут Адам Филипс. Сегодня
take a look at some of the special мы поговорим о некоторых
problems found in the world of специфических проблемах мира
fashion. моды.
New York City enjoys pride of Нью-Йорк по праву гордится тем,
place as one of the world's top что является одним из главных
fashion centers. That's where мировых центров моды. Именно
you'll find Valerie Steele, who здесь вы можете встретить Валерии
directs the Museum of the Стил, директора музея
Fashion institute of Technology, технологического института моды,
or FIT ["F-I-T"], where many of известного как FIT, который готовит
tomorrow's fashion designers, будущих дизайнеров,
marketing executives and others маркетинговых директоров и других
train for careers in the six- специалистов для промышленности,
hundred-eighty-billion-dollar-a- приносящей шестьсот восемьдесят
year fashion industry. миллиардов долларов в год.
А.П.:
A.P.: Действительно, именно к ‘Вог’ в
Indeed, Vogue is the premier go- первую оче- редь обращаются как
to place for both industry профессионалы, так и публика в
professionals and the public to see целом, чтобы узнать дизайнерское
a designer's line, a word that FIT направление. Это слово, как считает
assistant curator Fred Dennis says Фред Де-нис, помощник хранителя
means about the same thing as a музея FIT, означает то же самое, что
designer's collection. и дизайнерская коллекция.
A.P: А.П.:
Indeed, the business of fashion is Действительно, деловой мир моды
all about desire, and so many связан с удовлетворением желаний,
fashion words convey judgments передает суждения о том, что
about what is attractive - and what привлекательно, а что нет. Многие
isn't. Many terms of fashion термины моды, такие как допинг,
praise, such as dope, sharp and отличный, фартовый, заимствованы
phat (it's spelled P-H-A-T) are из поп-музыки и явления хип-хоп.
borrowed from popular music and
the hip-hop scene.
76
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
77
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
“Do in Rome as the Romans do” – this popular English saying is also
true about what we wear at different places. While the chic women of Paris
do wear casual clothing, the real sophisti- cation comes from how they put
it together. They don’t suffer from the same dimwitted arro- gance as badly
dressed Americans who wear sloppy sweats, dumpy shorts, beachy flip-
flops, or athletic sneakers as their implicit right to be dressed ‘comfortably’
at all times. Parisians, for the most part, wear well-fitting clothes that suit
their frame. You’ll barely see a mademoiselle who is stuffed into a size too
small jeans or drowned in a droopy camp shirt. The French understand the
magic of a good tailor and proper fit, and so should you.
78
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
79
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(1) set tongues wagging (дать повод для сплетен; вызвать толки); (2)
set some money apart (отложить немного денег); (3) set forth one’s views
(изложить свою точку зрения); (4) set by the ears
(рассорить); (5) set eyes on smb. (приглядывать); (6) set one’s cap at
smb. (‘положить глаз’ на кого-либо);
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb ‘SET’
instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) The political party proclaimed its program through mass media. (2) If I
were you I wouldn’t urge him on to oppose his parents. (3) So far as I
remember that building was erected when I was quite a boy. (4) The
teacher made all the pupils work at once. (5) The hot season began last
month. (6) I strongly advise you to begin writing the composition tonight
unless you want to lag behind your class. (7) Our new acquaintance
professed to be a film star. (8) Will you reserve these tickets for me? I’m
eager to attend the performance.
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
80
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Reference list: Really? Is that so? I shouldn’t say so… I can hardly
believe my eyes! Too good to be true! Are you sure? You can never
tell … Do you really mean it?
(1) You always keep us waiting. (2) I’ m afraid I got off at the wrong stop.
(3) My shoes aren’t very clean today. (4) There were too few students at the
lecture. (5) I prefer coffee. (6) The cat has just eaten all the meat on the
plate. (7) We are going to the pictures together. Though I don’t think I like
his manners. (8) My friend is writing a book on navigation. (9) I like
neither sweets, nor chocolate. (10) This tooth is hurting me. (11) I hate him
like poison.
1. 5.
I’m sitting here in the boring room Isolation is not good is not good for
It’s just another rainy Sunday me
afternoon Isolation. I don’t want to sit on the
I’m wasting my time lemon-tree
I got nothing to do
I’m hanging around 6.
I’m waiting for you I’m steppin’ around in the desert of
But nothing ever happens and I joy
wonder Baby, anyhow I’ll get another toy
And anything will happen and you
2. wonder
I’m driving around in my car
I’m driving too fast 7.
I’m driving too far I wonder how
I’d like to change my point of view I wonder why
I feel so lonely Yesterday you told me ‘bout the
I’m waiting for you blue, blue sky
But nothing ever happens and I And all that I can see is just another
wonder yellow lemon-tree
I’m turning my head up and
3. down
I wonder how I’m turning, turning, turning, turning,
I wonder why turning around
81
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Yesterday you told me ‘bout the And all that I can see is just another
blue, blue sky lemon-tree
And all that I can see is just a yellow And I wonder, wonder
lemon-tree
I’m turning my head up and 8.
down I wonder how
I’m turning, turning, turning, turning, I wonder why
turning around Yesterday you told me ‘bout the
And all that I can see is just another blue blue sky
lemon-tree And all that I can see, and all that I
can see, and all that I can see
4 Is just a yellow lemon-tree
I’m sitting here
I miss the power
I’d like to go out taking a shower
But there’s a heavy cloud inside my
head
I feel so tired
Put myself into bed
While nothing ever happens and I
wonder
TEST TO LESSON 5
1. Укажите, в каком предложении паузы расставлены верно:
а) At this point | we have discussed a number of ideas | about the nature of
development | and issues in development.
b) At this point we have discussed a number of ideas | about the nature of
development | and issues in development.
82
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
a. Every
b. life
c. biography
a) одно
b) два
c) три
83
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Грамматика
84
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции.
Проверьте, правильно ли вы читаете следующие слова:
quintessence [kwIn'tesns], casual ['kxZjuql], curiously
['kjuqrIqslI], ennobling [I'nqublIN], utilitarian
["jHtIlI'tFqrIqn], en masse ['On'mxs], uniform ['jHnIfLm],
panoplies ['pxnqplIz], custom-made ['kAstm 'meId], hand-
me-down ['hxndmI'daun], vintage ['vIntIG], tuxedo
[tAk'sIdqu], mischievous ['mIsCIvqs], appellation
["xpq'leISn], myriad ['mIrIqd], breasted [brestId], studs
[stAdz], bow tie ['bQu tQI], individuality
["IndJvIdju'xlItI], discreet [dIs'krIt], fob [fOb].
85
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
87
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
There are generally five styles to choose from: single breasted, double
breasted, peaked lapels (usually double breasted) and single or double
breasted shawl collared. Basically, it is a black suit but ennobled by a silk
facing on the lapels, the better to provide a suggestion of luxury and
attention to detail. And black-tie is, and should only ever be, black—or
perhaps midnight blue, which the late royal couturier Sir Hardy Amies
always made it look blacker than black itself, under artificial light.
The shirt is always white. It can be made in anything from the finest
zephyr cotton to polyester—but it must always be white. Pearl buttons or
studs are the norm and a wing collar a matter of
choice and taste, although if one is sported it should be buttoned on or
studded through— not ready-made. And the bow tie is not considered one
if it is not hand-tied. While the basic elements of formal wear are
conveniently precise, the wearer is able to exert his individuality through
the sporting of discreet (or not so discreet) items of jewelry—these for the
most part being concealed by the jacket cuff in the form of links or by the
jacket itself if a spirited watch chain or fob is attached to a waistcoat.
88
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
As the costume historian James Laver has pointed out, since the
eighteenth century, all attempts to introduce color to male formal attire
have failed or have been derided. A shiny, colorful, patterned male evening
ensemble is unthinkable; such is the continuing power and influence of
tradition.
Formal daywear is now found primarily in the world of sports, and
especially of horse racing and boat racing. Royal Ascot, Goodwood, and
Henley are social institutions where formal clothes are demanded and
specific dress code requirements are imposed on all who attend.
Formal wear for Royal Ascot would be full morning dress (dove gray or
black); the groom or the bride’s father at a formal daytime wedding would
wear the same ensemble.
The coat is sometimes referred to as a cutaway coat (being a frock coat
with the corners removed), not to be confused with a tailcoat, which is cut
to the waist in the front, and has a pair of tails behind. A gray, or for the
more fashion conscious, brightly colored and patterned silk waistcoat, is
worn beneath and teamed with a tie, cravat, or some other individualistic
neck wear—but never a bow-tie.
The origin of formal wear is open to discussion and challenge, but one
name forever associated with formality, uniformity, and simplicity was
Beau Brummell—king of the dandies and a one-time favorite of King
George IV. He is often referred to as the “father of modern male formal
costume” as he eschewed the brightly hued silken finery and powdered
wigs generally worn at court for a sober suit of midnight blue-black with
minimal jewelry (a signet ring was permissible), no wig, no perfume but
89
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
90
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
91
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘PUT’ in your own
sentences.
(1) put me right (поправьте меня); (2) Never put off till tomorrow what
you can do today (Не откладывай на завтра то, что можешь сделать
сегодня); (3) put yourself at ease (расслабься); (4) put every iron in
fire (применить все возможные средства); (5) put in a word
(замолвить словечко за кого-л.); (6) put in good order
(упорядочивать); (7) put into action (вводить в действие); (8) put on
airs (важничать, чваниться; бахвалиться, задаваться).
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘PUT’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) I would like to be put in connection with your dean. (2) Don’t
postpone your work till tomorrow. (3) To be able to buy that fur-coat
you must cut your expenses at once. (4) How much of vitamins does
your laboratory produce annually? (5) He was discouraged by such a
92
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
cold reception of the audience. (6) Correct him if you believe he needs
correction. (7) Will you lay aside your book while I’m speaking to you?
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Model
(1) My tin-opener is missing. Did you take it again? (2) Oh dear, the picture
has fallen down again. (3) I think it’s going to rain. (4) Do you remember
that your sister’s birthday is next week? (5) Your new hat doesn’t become
you. (6) Something has gone wrong with my lap-top. Could you put it
right? (7) It would have been better if I didn’t go and take the exam. I
wouldn’t have failed. (8) There’s no need to lose your temper. (9) I must
have forgotten to lock the front door. (10) I was late for my classes again.
The lecturer didn’t let me in. (11) I hate him like hell.
TEST TO LESSON 6
Choose the best answer (a), (b), (c) or (d).
93
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
94
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(a) rain
(b) freeze
(c) cold and rainy
(d) wind
Грамматика
95
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции:
Predicting [prI'dIktIN], speculative ['spekjulqtIv], actual
['xkCuql], technologies [tek'nOlqGIz], creativity
["krIq'tIvItI], manufacturing ["mxnju'fxkCqrIN], sewing
machine ['squIN mq'Sin], natural fibers ['nxCqrql 'faIbqz],
overwhelming sizes [quvq'welmIN 'saIzIz], titanium
[taI'teInjqm], wrinkles ['rINklz], item ['aItqm], venture
['venCq], knitted tubes ['nItId 'tjHbz], outfit ['autfIt],
bustle ['bAsl], elusive [I'lHsIv], luxury ['lAkSqrI], status
['steItqs], glamour ['glxmq], fleeting ['flJtIN].
96
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
97
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
98
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
cut by the wearer to make different articles of clothing. But ideas such as
these are beyond the realm of mainstream fashion in the early twenty-first
century.
The human body plays as integral role as the clothes for many fashion
designers working in the early 2000s. The idea of clothing as a “second
skin” is often discussed when designers speak of the future of clothing.
This concept has yet to be achieved with the wearing of only body
stockings, or as Jean Paul Gaultier predicted in 1982, we’ll just “spray on a
latex body suit”. This idea of a second skin continues to interest Gaultier
and other designers. For his Fall 2003 collection, Gaultier created patterned
bodysuits, worn under clothes, including one outlining the body’s arteries.
More often fashion designers attempt to mold the body into other shapes.
While the concept differs little from bustles of the nineteenth century, the
results found in the early twenty-first century differ greatly. As Walter van
Beirendonck, the Belgian designer for Wild and Lethal Trash, said, “the
body of the future will be different”.
How fashion designers will manifest their ideas depends partly on the
changing structure of the fashion industry and the evolving needs, and
demands, of consumers. There remains the ongoing question regarding the
demise of French couture and the stimulus to fashion from street styles. In
The End of Fashion, Teri Agins argues that street style, consumer demands,
and profit making have changed and will continue to alter the fashion
industry. Agins’s theories apply to the marketplace, fashion in the twenty-
first century. They still belongs to the elusive world of luxury, status, sex,
99
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
100
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Techno Materials
Techno materials include fibers, textiles, and textile finishes engineered
for a specific function or appearance. The U.K. designer Sophia Lewis
believes that “the greatest potential for the future lies in experimental
fashion using advanced synthetics to promote new aesthetics and methods
of garment construction”. While most synthetics of the twentieth century
were developed to mimic natural fibers, the new synthetics are engineered
to be strong and durable even when lightweight, transparent, or elastic.
Blending natural fibers with synthetics in new ways to produce “techno-
naturals” is adding to the aesthetic and performance advantages of textiles.
Recent fiber developments include microfibers, fibers regenerated from
corn and milk proteins, metallics, and fiber optics. Microfibers can be
produced at a thickness less than that of a silk filament to create fabrics that
are soft and fluid with great strength and capabilities of performing under
extreme environmental conditions.
CONCEPT TABLE
High-Tech Fashion
Processes/Related Ideas Characteristics/Description
Concept
High-tech fashion What advances in High-tech fashion uses
science and technology technologies developed in the
does it use? fields of chemistry, computer
science, aerospace engineering,
automotive engineering,
architecture, industrial textiles,
and competitive athletic wear.
101
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
102
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Systems may have the capability to allow the wearer to surf the Internet,
make phone calls, monitor vital signs, and administer medication. While
much research remains to be done, initial exploration has begun at MIT’s
Media Lab, Starlab, Charmed Technology, and International Fashion
Machines. The goal of these groups is to develop prototypes of wearable
electronics and to explore the synergy required between computer science,
fashion, health care, and defense to produce marketable, user-friendly
products. Advances and innovative thinking in the production of apparel
and communication platforms and networks will be required to move these
concepts forward. The changing world political climate and the continuing
challenges of world health present new opportunities for science to address
wearable solutions. Development of protective apparel against bioterrorist
attack and spread of infectious disease commands research dollars from
governments worldwide. These investments will most likely lead to
exciting new materials that ultimately result in new fashion.
103
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘KEEP’ in your own
sentences.
(1) I won’t keep you long (я не задержу тебя надолго); (2) You must
keep an eye on him (Ты должен приглядывать за ним); (3) keep your
temper, please (держи себя в руках, пожалуйста); (4) the weather
keeps fine (стоит хорошая погода); (5) keep in mind the figures
(помни цифры); (6) she always keeps up with the times (она всегда
идет в ногу со временем).
104
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘KEEP’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) Don’t come in. (2) Toward off the gnats we had to burn some
smoky twigs. (3) Who manages your household affairs? (4) Don’t go
near the water’s edge. It’s very wet there. (5) Restrain your feelings or
else everybody will guess the truth. (6) He continued reading his book
though it grew quite dark in the room. (7) We won’t detain you. (8) He
must make his expenses as low as possible. (9) I won’t conceal
anything from Mother. (10) Old customs are often observed by old
people.
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Model
Reference list: I won’t have it… I won’t have that sort of thing again! … I
won’t have you doing it! … You ought to (+ Perfect Indefinite)... You
should (+ Perfect Indefinite) … Don’t you dare do that again! … You’d
better not!
105
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(1) You are just a fool to believe him! (2) I don’t think you are worth
your salt! (3) Your friend is nothing but a sponger (нахлебник). (4) I must
confess I haven’t done any homework for today. (5) Mine will be not a
love-match (брак по любви). (6) Don’t give yourself airs (Не воображай).
(7) Sorry, but I’ve forgotten to call you up. (8) I’m really sorry but I had no
time to drop you a line.
TEST TO LESSON 7
Choose the best answer (a), (b), (c) or (d).
1. I can’t make more mistakes at work because I don’t want to …
(a) get fired (b) get lost (c) get angry (d) get better
2. We had a lovely continental … at the hotel, with toast, rolls, jam and coffee.
(a) lunch (b) steak (c) breakfast (d) order
3. Glen hasn’t been to Long Island … last summer.
(a) for (b) ever (c) already (d) since
4. He … sure that the answer was correct.
(a) make (b) made (c) do (d) did
5. I haven’t seen him … months.
(a) ever (b) already (c) since (d) for
6. They wouldn’t … the money for the spare ticket I bought at the box office.
(a) order (b) refund (c) coin (d) queue
7. Would you please … about where we should go on holiday.
(a) confuse (b) make your mind up (c) do up your mind (d) get your
mind
8. A: Could you do me a(n) … ?
B: Certainly. What would you like me to do?
(a) favour (b) favourite (c) duty (d) effort
9. The policeman was … in the fight, so they took him to see a doctor.
(a) drowned (b) poisoned (c) wounded (d) persecuted
10. Claudius was … of murdering his brother.
(a) guilty (b) convinced (c) instructed (d) proof
106
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Грамматика
107
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Самостоятельная работа
1.Выполнение заданий преподавателя по аудио-курсу “Modern
English – Ресурсы Интернет в учебном процессе” (Text 10).
2.Выполнение индивидуальных заданий преподавателя по
разделу «Тексты для чтения»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. she already has 40 stores across her у нее уже 40 магазинов по всей
native Russia родной России
2. Her clothing is like Forever 21 Ее одежда является соединением
meets H&M Вечно Молодых с Высокой Модой
3. clothing at affordable prices with одежда по доступным ценам с
lots of pink избытком розового цвета
4. in an age group she belongs in в возрастной группе, к которой она
принадлежала
5. I actually think her stuff is cute Я действительно считаю, что ее вещи
привлекательны
108
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
I anticipate to check out her clothing when the store opens in NYC (on
Houston Street and Broadway).
"The name Kira Plastinina is about to become very popular in the teen
fashion world. The young lady is making quite a reputation for herself in
the fashion industry. Plastinina started her enterprise two years ago and is
taking the youth fashion world by storm. It stands to reason that if you want
to know what teens like to wear, why not ask a teen."
Plastinina has been compared to Paris Hilton and not in the crazy party
girl sense, but rather for her popularity in Russia, where she attends school
by day and designs by night. Paris was a guest of honor at Kira’s latest
show during Moscow fashion week. Plastinina really likes Paris’ style and
wanted her opinion on her collection. The designer’s father paid Paris $2
million to be part of the event.
109
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Currently her fashions are in over 30 family owned clothing stores across
Russia . Kira is ready to take America by storm at her first US debut.
Yesterday it was announced that a store will open in March on the corner of
Houston and Broadway, in New York.
This business adventure was the brain child of her millionaire father. He
ownes Wimm-Bill-Dann, Moscow’s largest daily and juice company. At
first she was afraid but it looks like it has turned out well for the ambitious
teen. Not only is Kira creating fashion, but she has a perfume line, shoes,
jewelry, candles and lollipops. Sounds pretty impressive!
110
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
111
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
small shirts and skirts, loose-fitting pants and pipe jeans decorated with
embroidery, small jean jackets – all this Yudashkin offers to girls for
the next spring and summer.
The collection’s basic colors are white, milky, beige, lemon, light
turquoise accented by bright coral strokes. Black and white classic is
also recommended for the new season.
Silhouettes with low arm-holes and accented waistline are also taken
from 90’s. Various embroideries and applications, wide silk waistbands
are still fashionable.
The start of the Week was literally successful. The public was
satisfied. Tatiana Mikhalkova, the President of Russian Silhouette Fund
characterized the collection as very elegant and successful.
The lovely exquisite furs and gowns were all inspired by Garbo and
Rokk. Floor length dresses with flowery patterns reminded us of a time
lost. His nice use of furs were more than mentionable especially a black
and white mink which had zip off sleeves that were held together by
white leather straps.
The designer states that he was not copying the 40s, but embodied it
to understand the charm and grace of that period.
112
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
centuries had not been preserved. The only way to recreate what Russians
looked like in that epoch was to examine all the possible sources: the
archaeological data, all manner of written documents, as well as works of
handicraft and decorative art.
The most reliable information that we have concerning Russians dress of
the pre-Christian period comes from our knowledge of the materials
common to that period: hides and leather, bast, wool, flax, and hemp. The
style of dress did not differ from that of the other Slavonic nations. This
was determined by constant communication between these nations, by a
similar
manner of life, and by the climatic conditions. Women wore rubakhi (long
shirts) down to their ankles and with long sleeves gathered up on the wrists;
married women also wore the so-called ponevu (a kind of skirt consisting
of a checked-pattern woolen fabric. Married women completely
covered their hair by a povoi or ubrus in the form of a towel, while maidens
wore a venchik (a narrow band of fabric or metal) on their foreheads.
character, and details consisting of gold (metallic) lace and precious stones
made the garments particularly magnificent. It is well known that, during
the reign of Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible, 1530–1584), foreigners
desiring to receive an audience in the Kremlin were required to put on
Russian clothing as a way to recognize the magnificence of the Russian
throne. In order to make a favorable impression, servants were temporarily
given fine and expensive clothing from the tsar’s storehouse.
Women and young girls of the nobility wore the letnik (a garment with
very broad, short sleeves with detachable flaps made of expensive fabrics
embroidered with stones and pearls). Because of the heavy fabrics and the
abundance of precious stones and pearls, the dress of both men and women
was very heavy, weighing as much as 44 pounds.
The sarafans of rich city women were made of silk and velvet, whereas
those of peasant women were made of painted domestic linen. The cut of
the sarafan differed greatly depending on the
place where it was made and on the material: it could be straight, or it could
be composed of oblique wedges, kumanchiki, kindiaki, and so on. Over the
sarafan was worn the dushegreia (a short, wide jacket).
Over the course of his reign, Peter the Great (1672–1725; tsar from
1682, emperor from 1721) issued seventeen decrees in his name that laid
down the rules governing the wearing of European-type dress, the types of
fabrics, and the character of the trim for uniforms and festive attire. This
attests that Peter the Great reserved a special role for clothing in the system
of reforms he was instituting.
The formative element of the European female dress that had been
brought to Russia in the eighteenth century was the corset, and it
contradicted the Russian ideal of beauty; however, more important for the
female dress was a type of headdress—the fontange. The latter was
successful in supplanting, if only in part, the traditional headdress of the
married woman, which had to cover the hair fully. In combination with
heavy silken fabrics, this considerably facilitated the assimilation of the
new forms. A. S. Pushkin later wrote: “The aged grand ladies cleverly tried
to combine the new form of dress with the persecuted past: their caps
imitated the sable cap of the Empress Natal’a Kirillovna, and their hoop
skirts and mantillas were reminiscent to some extent of the sarafan and
115
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
dushegreia.” The first to change their dress were the members of the tsar’s
family; and members of the court followed them.
The rigid ideological control of all spheres of life in the second half of
the 1920s led to a situation in which the creative heritage of brilliant artists
was not understood, not actualized, and was forgotten for a long period of
time. The rulers considered it necessary to rewrite the recent history,
expelling from everyday life all mention of the past and, first and foremost,
the material incarnation of the revolutionary aesthetic ideal. The
administrative system controlled consumption and encouraged the
formation of new elites, offering them the possibility of acquiring clothing
in special ateliers and stores. Clothes designers were being educated in the
arts department of the Textile Institute, but this profession was not
considered a creative one, with corresponding privileges.
The first to legalize the profession and to escape from the administrative
captivity was Slava Zaitsev (b. 1938), who established the Theater of
Fashions (1980), which later became his fashion house. By this time Russia
had more than a few brilliant designers who were also
recognized abroad. Irina Krutikova (b. 1936) became widely known as a
designer of fur clothing and received the title “queen of fur.” She
resurrected many old traditions and created new methods for coloring and
finishing fur. She opened her own studio in 1992.
117
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LANGUAGE STUDY
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘MAKE’ in your own
sentences.
(1) I can’t make up my mind (я не могу решить); (2) Will you make up
fire? (Ты не разведешь огонь?); (3) Make yourself comfortable
(Устраивайся удобнее); (4) we made for the station on foot (мы
пошли на станцию пешком); (5) he made bold to say… (он осмелился
сказать…); (6) make balls of smth. (натворить дел, напутать, привести
что-л. в беспорядок); (7) make common cause (действовать сообща);
(8) make sure (убедись).
(1) After stealing apples the youngsters made off as fast as they could.
(2) Will you make up the prescription for me? (3) She’s all made up. I
prefer natural beauty. (4) I don’t believe you. The story is all made up.
(5) Let’s make up our quarrel and be friends again. (6) Though the boy
is only eighteen he makes out on his own. (7) He made away with
himself when he learned about his bankruptcy. (8) It’s next to
118
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘MAKE’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) She ventured to say that she was going to get married the moment
she left school. (2) I can’t understand your friend. (3) They went to the
gate as soon as the lights in the house went down. (4) He invented a
dozen excuses for being absent from the lecture. (5) The children
pretended they were grown up. (6) Why did this man commit suicide?
(7) Is he going to catch up with other students after being ill?
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Model
Reference list: He(she) was born lucky… He has luck! … I really envy
her about it! … We are all jealous ... Some people have all the luck
… You can thank your lucky stars … What a great piece of luck!
(1) My brother gave me a hand in moving the house. (2) They have recently
gone to Paris on holiday. (3) Our friend’s business turned out to be a
success. (4) We had a wonderful holiday. (5) This actress seems to be
untouched by time and age. (6) He managed to escape punishment for what
we have done. (7) All young men fall in for Kate. (8) I’m going to the
theatre tonight. (9) Alan is both good-looking and clever.
119
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TEST TO LESSON 8
Read the letter and choose the correct answer (a), (b), (c) or (d).
1547 Beach Drive
Freeport Long Island
New York
July 22nd
Dear Glen,
Thanks very much for your last letter, it was great to hear that you made
it to England and that you have found a job in Stratford-upon-Avon.
That’s the place where Shakespeare was born, isn’t it? I hope you found
‘Hamlet’ interesting when you saw it. I have never read the play, but
I’m told that it’s a good story.
I saw Hank the other day. He is well. He asked me about what you are
doing, so I told him your news. He has gone to California for his
vocation with his girlfriend. He is coming back to New York in August.
Anyway, I’d better stop now. Some friends have just arrived. We are
going sailing in the boat. The weather has been fine ever since those
storms two weeks ago.
Bye for now!
Best wishes,
Lori
120
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
121
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
122
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Oral Course
TOPIC 1
123
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LEXICAL PROGRAM
124
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
3. Say:
126
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
127
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
SITUATION PRACTICE
I .Below are given small situations showing the way you might greet people,
start a conversation and take leave. Practice them:
***
** *
(2) — Hello, Helen! Such luck running into you! This is my friend, Nick.
— Very pleased to meet you.
** *
— Hello, Mary. What a surprise to see you! I haven't seen you for ages.
Where have you been all this time?
— I've been away.
** *
(3) — Hello, old boy. Very pleased to see you. What's the news?
— No news.
***
(4) — I'm sorry, but I must be off.
— Good luck. All the best to you.
— Good-bye till to-morrow.
128
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
***
(5) — Good-bye. It has been a pleasure to see you. I hope we shall meet again
soon.
— Thank you. The pleasure was all mine.
129
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
8. Look through the Topical Words and Lexical Program again and test yourself
if you have memorized them.
130
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TOPIC 2
STUDENT’S LIFE
1. Institute — институт
tо entег the Institute - поступить в институт
to graduate from the Institute - ........ окончить институт
2. student- студент
first-year student (fresher) — первокурсник
second-year student— второкурсник
fellow-student — сокурсник
3. lecture — лекция
seminar — семинар
class — занятие
in class — на занятии
to give a lecture — читать лекцию
to attend (miss) classes (lectures) — посещать (пропускать) занятия (лекции)
to be attentive (inattentive) — быть внимательным (невнимательным)
5. notes — записи
to take notes of the lectures — записывать лекции
to underline important points — подчеркивать важные моменты
131
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
8. grant — стипендия
increased grant — повышенная стипендия
to get a grant — получать стипендию
to stop someone's grant — лишить кого-либо стипендии
9. Dean — декан
Sub-Dean — заместитель декана
the Dean's office — кабинет декана
the faculty office — деканат
10. timetable — расписание
vacation (holidays) — каникулы
Read the lexical program two or three times. Try to memorize all phrases.
LEXICAL PROGRAM
132
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LEXICAL PROGRAM
133
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
What his idea of a good student is; what he thinks of the English
classes; what kind of a man is the
monitor; what his working day begins with; what questions he
likes to discuss with his friends.
How many students there are in his group; how many classes and
lectures he has; how much time he
spends on his English every day; how he gets to the Institute;
how often he has English classes:
friend's last night.
When he entered the Institute; when he will have his examinations
(vacation); when he will finish
reading the hook; when he last wrote a letter home (to his
friend); when he is going to see a new
film (play).
Whether he prefers to study at home or at the library; whether he likes
to study together with a friend or
prefers to do it alone; whether he finds his English classes
interesting; whether he reviews his
notes regularly.
Why students sometimes prefer to work at the library; why it is
necessary to develop good study habits;
why some students fail at the examinations; why good students
are freer to devote themselves to
social activities than are students with poor study habit.
134
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Agreed; Settled; That's right; Willingly; With pleasure; I expect so; Fine;
Very good.
1. I'm afraid he won't be able to pass his examination in physics. 2. We
can do this assignment together. 3. I'm sure he is the right man for the job.
4. Let us meet at 6 o'clock. 5. He was the first to offer his help. 6. A man
is never too old to learn.
135
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. It's hard to believe she did not keep her promise. It's unlike her.
2. I've no idea how I'm going to do the job.
3. I can fail in mathematics, I'm afraid.
4. N. is awfully impatient.
5. She always interrupts people.
136
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
b) Good. Хорошо.
Good for you (him, etc.)! Молодец!
Go ahead. Продолжайте (действуйте).
1. I'd like to add a few words. 2. He always keeps his promise. 3. I've
got a four in chemistry. 4. We've got good results. 5. We've solved the
problem. 6. He's won the prize.
137
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
SITUATION PRACTICE
138
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(8) A: Peter has an awful habit of leaving everything to the last moment.
B: Therefore he never seems to have the time for anything.
139
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
(9) A: Nina knows so many things, she can talk on any subject under the sun.
B: But she is a bad listener. She always interrupts people and never lets you finish
a sentence.
A: She is eighteen, and that, I think, excuses her.
B: Yes, but don't you agree that "those talk most who have the least to say?"
"Never put off till tomorrow what you can do to-day", or "Never put off
till tomorrow what you can put off till the day after tomorrow"? Why?
What do you usually put off till some other time and what do you do
immediately?
a) Imagine a few days ago you were late for a party or your
classes, missed a lecture, didn't visit
your friend as you had promised, etc., because your watch had stopped
140
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. You never know what you can do till you try. 2. Think well
before you open your mouth. We are often sorry that we have spoken
but never sorry to have been silent. 3. A good beginning makes a good
ending. 4. All's well that ends well. 5. Four eyes see more than two.
8.Look through the Topical Words and Lexical Program again and
test yourself if you have memorized them.
141
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TOPIC 3
PROBLEMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
WORDS AND PHRASES
142
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LEXICAL PROGRAM
143
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
2. Construct sentences beginning with " Will you ... ", "Could you ...".
Work in pairs. Use the suggested replies:
Certainly, I will; I'll do it; Of course; Most willingly; Here you are;
All right, I will; I'm afraid not.
to tell us what matters most in making a good student; to; teach us how to
plan and organize our work; to be more attentive in class; to keep your
promise this time; to explain the reason for his failure at the exams; to
explain what the underlined phrase means; to give your dictionary.
144
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. What are the subjects you work most at? 2. What marks
have you been getting in these subjects? 3. Do you work hardest at
them because you find them very interesting or because you find them
difficult? 4. In what subjects do you have lectures this year? 5. Who
are the lectures given by?
6.Read and practice the model dialogue. Fill in the gaps in the dialogue
with words from columns (1), (2), (3).
145
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
7. Make certain you know the English names for professions and
specializations.
SITUATION PRACTICE
1. Read (or listen to) the following short dialogues. Describe the
situation and characterize the speakers.
(1) — If the Dean doesn't take back what he said to me this morning, I am
going to leave college.
— What did he say?
— He told me to leave the college.
* **
146
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
* **
(3) — Say, Dad, remember that story you told me about when you were
expelled from college?
— Yes.
— Well, I was just thinking, Dad, how true it is that history repeats itself.
***
* * *
147
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
148
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
7 .Look through the Topical Words and Lexical Program again and test
yourself if you have memorized them.
TOPIC 4
149
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
LEXICAL PROGRAM
Read the lexical program two or three times. Try to memorize all phrases.
1.spoken language разговорная речь
2. mother tongue родной язык
3. foreign language иностранный язык
4. means of communication средство общения
5. speaking practice разговорная практика
6. lack of practice отсутствие практики
7. What languages do you На каких языках Вы говорите?
speak?
8. I speak English a little. Я немного говорю по-английски.
9. I read English a little. Я немного читаю по-английски.
10. I don't speak any foreign Я не говорю ни на одном
language. иностранном языке.
11. a slip of the tongue Оговорка.
12. The point is... Дело в том, что...
13.1 can't agree with you. Я не могу с Вами согласиться.
14. I'm afraid you are mistaken. Боюсь, Вы ошибаетесь.
15. on the contrary наоборот
16. in my opinion (to my mind) по-моему,
17. as. far as I know насколько мне известно,
18. as is known как известно
150
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
3.Guess the various meanings of the verb “to keep” from the context and
translate the sentences:
Someone has said: "Tell me what a man reads and I'll tell you
what he is." This quotation might be modified to read: "Tell me a
student's attitude to foreign languages, and I will tell you what kind of a
future specialist he is."
151
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
When you come across new and unfamiliar words STOP! Then
LOOK around and see whether you can guess their meaning from the
context. If the context doesn't give you the first aid, LIST them. LOOK
them up in a dictionary. The LIST you make of words is worth a great
deal more than any LIST made for you. It is connected with your
reading; it is associated with your ideas; it is yours. Each new word you
acquire will enrich your language and mind. The more words you learn,
the more easily you'll be able to recognize and remember other words and
so add them to your growing vocabulary.
6. Discuss the question: "How many new words can be learned in one
lesson?" What is your experience?
If you can divide a word properly you can generally conquer it. So you
will find it excellent practice to pay attention to these small words in your
reading. There are so many of them, that it becomes a fascinating hobby to
try to trace them
152
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
9.Read the following text. Notice the details so that you will be able to answer
questions.
153
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
14. Маке up sentences of your own using the verbs given below:
to learn, to speak, to hear, to help, to talk, to start, to forget, to
repeat, to study, to pronounce, to write, to practice, to know, to master, to
memorize, to follow, to build up, to encourage, to discourage, to hope, to
use
15. Practise the conversation pattern given below. Give various replies. Work in
pairs.
154
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
What languages do you speak? I'm sorry, 1 don't speak any foreign
language, but I read a little in English. I want to master English. I want
to read books in the original.
SITUATION PRACTICE
155
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
On Learning a Language
A.: How can one learn a foreign language?
В.: It depends on the aim: if you want to speak a language, you must bear it
spoken and speak it yourself. You must listen, imitate and practise a lot.
A.: And if one is mainly interested in reading?
В.: Then one must read a lot. The general rule is: we learn
to speak a language by speaking, and we learn to read by reading.
A.: Some people believe that learning a language is just a matter of memorizing
words. I should like to hear what you think about that.
В.: You do need words to build up a vocabulary, of course. But learning isolated
words without knowing how to put them together will be a waste of time. One
should learn the grammatical structure of the language.
A.: But it is so dull to study grammar.
В.: I can't agree with you. The point is that you should study grammar together
with the language and not instead of it. Trying to master a language without
studying its grammar is like trying to build a house without a plan.
A.: When is the best time to start learning a foreign language?
В.: You can learn it at any age. The best time to start learning is now, no
matter how old you are.
A.: Is there any magic formula to follow?
В.: Actually there is not any magic formula to follow. But the golden rule No. 1
is to have patience: if you work every day, if you practice the language, you
will learn it well
Rules of Grammar
Student: There is one thing that puzzles me. Who makes the "rules" of
grammar? Who decides whether the sentence is right or wrong? T e a c h e r : N o
one.
St.: But isn't there an Academy that does it?
Т.: No, as far as I know.
St.: Hasn't Oxford University or Cambridge anything to do with it?
Т.: No. You see, the grammar of a language is not a list of rules forced on
people who speak it; it is just a record made by careful observation of how
people speak the language.
156
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
St.: But there are "rules" and laws of grammar to say "this is right and this
is wrong". Surely, language must obey these rules.
Т.: We have "rules and laws of Nature", but these are not rules for Nature that
Nature has to obey; they are just few things that wise men have observed as to
the way Nature acts. If we find that Nature is not acting according to these
rules we don't try to force Nature to obey them; we change rules and make
new ones.
St.: And is it the same with grammar?
Т.: Exactly. Language is a living thing, always changing; old words die,
new words come in; some constructions gradually fallout of use, others
make their way in. English of today is not quite the same as English of the
seventeenth century. What is good grammar for Shakespeare couldbe bad
grammar for Shaw.
St.: What is grammatically "right" and what is grammatically "wrong"? How
do you decide?
Т.: Whatever form is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is
correct; or, as Henry Sweet put it, "Whatever is in general use in language is,
for that reason, grammatically соrect." That is all.
157
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
The English people like the adjective "nice" very much. If you
come to England on a short visit, you don't have to learn or to use any
other adjectives. You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice,
Mr. N. is nice, you had a nice time, and all this will be nice.
***
***
158
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
more and speak less. 4. Among the other things most often opened by
mistake is the mouth. 5. When you have nothing to say, say nothing.
If your lips
Would keep from slips(Хотят избежать ошибок)
Of these five things beware:
Of whom you speak,
To whom you speak,
And how, and when, and where.
8. Guess the following riddles:
1. Which two letters of the alphabet have eyes?
2..Which 3 letters would frighten a thief?
3.Which is the longest word in English?
4. What begins with "t", ends with "t" and is full of tea?
5. What is twice in a moment, once in a minute and never in an hour?
6. What can speak every language in the world?
7. Which is the only tool that becomes sharper with the use?
Answers: 1. "A and "B", because we say: ABCD (А, В see D). 2.
"I", "C", "U" (I see you). 3. "Smiles", because there is a
mile between the first and the last letters. 4. A teapot. 5.
The letter "m". 6. An echo. 7. The tongue.
159
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
10. Get ready a) to act as a reporter and interview your fellow-students on how
to learn a language in a most effective way; b) to talk as an expert on this
problem...
11. Express in five sentences your ideas on the topic discussed. Do it in writing.
12. Look through the Topical Words and Lexical Program again and test
yourself if you have memorized them.
The Difference
160
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
A Wise Owl
A Caution
If your lips would keep from slips,
Of these five things beware:
Of whom you speak, to whom you speak,
And how, and when, and where.
Philosophic Advice
He who knows not, and knows not that he knows not; he is a fool; shun him.
He who knows not, and knows that he knows not; he is simple, teach him.
He who knows, and knows not that he knows; he is asleep, wake him.
He who knows, and knows that he knows; he is wise, follow him
Magic Words
Hearts like doors will open with ease
To very little keys;
And don't forget that two are these:
"We thank you all," and "If you please."
161
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
TOPIC 5
you going to do tonight?” or “What are you going to do at the weekend?” In other
Some 20 or 30 years ago the usual answers used to be “We are going to the
theatre” or “We are going to the party” or “We are having some friends
round”. Now you are very often hear “We are going to stay at home and
watch the television”.
A first-rate colour TV set has become an ordinary thing in the household
today
and a video cassette recorder is quickly becoming one. Modern TV offers
viewers several programs on different channels. In addition to regular
newscasts(выпуск новостей) you see
plays and films, operas and ballets and watch all kinds of contests, quizzes
and sporting events. You can also get a lot of useful information of the
educational channels. A good serial can keep the whole family in front of
162
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
the TV for days, and don’t we spend hours and hours watching our favorite
football and hockey team in an important international event.
TV QUOTES
***
“TV is an invention that permits you to be entertained in your living room
by people you won’t have in your home.”
***
“We were so poor that our TV only had two channels – ON and OFF”.
***
“When television is good, nothing is better. But when television is bad,
nothing is worse.”
***
“Television has proved that people will look at anything rather than each
other.”
***
“I find television very educating. Every time someone turns on the set I go
into other room and read a book.”
***
“Why should people pay good money to go out and see bad films when
they can stay at home and see bad television for nothing?”
***
“Television is chewing gum for the eyes.”
***
“People on TV never finish their drinks.”
163
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
3. If there were a fire in your house, what would you save first?
a) My children, my pets, my home folk – in that order.
b) Jewelry, money, documents.
c) The television and my video collection.
5. It’s sunny outside and you don’t have to go to work. What are you going to
do?
a) Turn on the television and see what’s on.
b) Get your bicycle and go for a ride.
c) Head for the friends to invite them for a walk.
6.Your friends would like to do something different from the sort of things
you normally do. You suggest:
a) Doing new sport such as bungee-jumping.
b) Subscribing to a new satellite/cable channel.
c) Going to a nearest travel agency and buying tickets to a far away country.
10. It’s late at night and you’re watching TV but there’s nothing good on.
What do you do?
a) Turn the TV off and go to sleep.
b) Sit down and wait – there’s bound to be something good on soon.
c) Get a book – that’s much better than watching the rubbish they put on
these days.
12. What’s your opinion of television and how do you think it can affect our
lives?
a) It can teach us how to deal with problems and communicate with others. It
can also act as a great substitute for a real life.
b) We should never let television influence or dominate our lives in any way.
c) It can lead to an increase of crime and violence and the use of foul
language.
Quiz score:
165
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
1. a) – 1, b) -2, c) – 3 2. a) – 1, b) – 2, c) – 3 3. a) – 2, b) – 1, c) – 3 4.
a) – 2, b) – 1, c) - 3
5. a) – 3, b) -2, c) – 1 6. a) – 1, b) – 3, c) – 2 7. a) – 3, b) – 2, c) – 1 8.
a) – 1, b) – 2, c) - 3
9. a) – 3, b) -2, c) – 1 10. a) – 1, b) – 3, c) – 2 11. a) – 1, b) – 2, c) – 3 12.
a) –3, b) – 1, c) - 2
Quiz analysis:
1-12;
Television has very little importance for you. You seem to know how to fill
your time constructively.
13-24;
You like watching the television every now and then but you seem to have
your addiction under control.
25-36;
TOPIC 6
The traditional television has been a mainstay in the home for decades and
in a way, has been a portal to the world in terms of a window to the world
for news and entertainment.
But thanks to the PC, broadband and the Internet, the PC itself has in many
ways overtaken the role of the TV in terms of being our primary device that
helps us gain access to the world of information and entertainment.
I believe the key reason for this is that the TV mostly gives us info and
entertainment in a linear fashion while the PC has the ability to deliver it on
demand. Don’t get me wrong. The TV is not going away and in fact, is
becoming an even more important screen in our digital lifestyles. But the
166
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»
Of course, the PC has been handling images and video for some time but
the turning point came when Apple introduced the Video iPod and more
importantly, TV shows into the overall iTunes mix. Now people can view a
vast number of their favorite TV shows on their iPod or PC on demand.
And the trend for distributing video over the Internet and especially to PC’s
is only going to rise. Today, Fox announced that they would offer some of
their TV shows through Fox On Demand over MySpace and the Internet
and NBC has recently announced that they are creating their own Internet
based video service for delivering NBC shows to PC’s over the Internet in
the coming days. I expect all of the networks to follow suit and create their
own direct video distribution portals or distribute their video shows through
partnerships via folks like Google, Yahoo, YouTube, etc.
I am personally amazed that it has taken them this long to figure out that
the Internet is as much as a “pipe” for delivering their content as broadcast
air waves and cable has been for them in the past. In fact, I met with
officials of two of the major networks seven years ago and tried to get them
to understand this back then. I realize they had trouble with the business
model but if they had seen the Internet as just another media distribution
mechanism, then they could have seen even then that their model of using
advertising would work with this new distribution medium as well.
Interestingly, the PC monitor in this case becomes the TV and is, at the
moment, the primary way we view this type of Internet driven video
content in the short term. But I think Apple’s new iTV product that links
Mac content to a TV via wireless could be another defining moment for
industry and really start people moving that content from the PC to the TV.
Yeah, I know, Microsoft with their Media Center and media adaptor has
been doing this for years and other players like Mediabolic, Digital Deck,
to name just a few, have offered similar solutions in the past. But they have
not been easy to use or in some cases, easy to set up and consumers have
been slow to use these types of devices in the past. Apple’s iTV product
could change that.
via Sling Media or Orb Networks as well as TV shows and movies on their
computer. As the networks are finding out, there are a lot of eyeballs
connected to YouTube, iTunes and other over-the-Internet video services
and the PC is quickly becoming the on-demand video viewing device for
the masses.
READING, HEARING AND RESPONSE