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State of the Russian Fleet: Due to continued political, economic and societal chaos in
Russia, the Fleet is in a badly deteriorated state. Even those ships that remain in
commission and theoretically operational are generally unable to deploy, due to lack of
trained crews and lack of funds to buy fuel and stores. In general maintenance is minimal
or nonexistent, and there are no funds to conduct much-needed overhauls, even for major
fleet units. Many ships have been abandoned when repairs or refits came due.
This list identifies those units believed to remain operational, but most of these units are
unable to deploy for the reasons cited above. Ships in refit are listed only when there is a
reasonable chance of them returning to service. Ships laid up pending refit generally are
listed, as they could return to service if funding became available.
Many ships, especially auxiliaries, have been operating in commercial or charter freight
or passenger service to raise operating funds. These are listed as active units, as they
could rapidly return to naval roles if required.
Concept/Program: Large, highly capable icebreakers intended for service in heavy polar
ice conditions. Are the world's most powerful icebreakers; all units have been to the
North Pole at least once. Have lavish accommodations and have been used as polar cruise
ships in recent years. The final unit is being built to a modified design, with
accommodations for 100 passengers, but construction has stalled.
Disposals/Reserve: Arktika and Sibir' have been laid up since 1992, reportedly due to
severe hull deterioration; they probably will not return to service.
Discarded Classes: All five Moskva class polar icebreakers stricken by 1997.
Concept/Program: Very large icebreakers intended for service in Arctic estuaries and
other shallow areas. Russia's largest icebreakers, by displacement. Can break 1.8
meter/5.9 foot ice continuously.
Concept/Program: Formerly a standard unit of the class listed below; has been refitted
with an englarged bow to improve icebreaking capabilities. Intended for work in shallow
coastal waters. Fitted for towing and salvage.
Concept/Program: Formerly a standard unit of the class listed below; has been refitted
with an englarged bow to improve icebreaking capabilities. Intended for operations in
shallow, protected seas; can break 1 meter/3.3 foot ice.
Concept/Program: Standard Soviet/Russian port icebreakers; this class and variants are
or were operated by several Soviet/Russian agencies and several foreign nations. Often
used as ocean tugs in the summer.
Discarded Classes: All three Kapitan Belosuv class port icebreakers had been discarded
by 1996.
Kapitan Yevdokimov class river icebreakers (9 ships)
Displacement: 2,200 tons full load
Dimensions: 76.5 x 16.6 x 2.5 meters/251 x 54.5 x 8.2 feet
Propulsion: Diesel-electric, 4 diesels, 4 shafts (2 forward, 2 aft); 5,170 shp, 13.5 knots
Crew: 25
Concept/Program: Intended for service in Arctic rivers. Can break 1 meter/3.3 foot ice.
Concept/Program: Intended for service on inland rivers and seas. Fitted for towing,
salvage and firefighting. Kapitan A. Radzhabov may have been transferred to Azerbaijan.
Concept/Program: Research drillships built for the Arctic Complex Marine Geology
Expedition of the Ministry of the Gas Industry.
Concept/Program: Research ships built the "Shel'f" offshore oil exploration project. Ice
strengthened hulls.
Concept/Program: Modified versions of the Shuleykin class weather ships, built for the
Ministry of the Gas Industry as seismic survey/research ships. A sister serves the
Ministry of Geology.
Concept/Program: Large weather reporting ships; resemble small cruise ships in design.
Two sisters assigned to the Academy of Sciences. Mostly inactive since 1991.
Disposals/Reserve: Six sisters and near-sisters are now in Ukranian commercial service.
Concept/Program: Small coastal cargo ships intended for resupply of remote stations
and for weather reporting duties.
Discarded Classes: The new research ship Dalmorgeologiya was cancelled in 1992, as
was a new research icebreaker being built in Finland.
Ministry of Fisheries
Rift (Modified Al'pinist) class oceanographic research
ships (2 ships)
Displacement: 1,140-1,185 tons full load
Dimensions: 53.65 x 10.51 x 4.9 meters/176 x 34.5 x 16.1 feet
Propulsion: 1 diesel, 1 shaft, 1,320 bhp, 12.5 knots
Crew: 26 + 11 mission crew
Concept/Program: Large icebreaking cargo ship built for the Arctic and Antarctic
Institute to support installations in the Antarctic. Can break 1.8 meter/5.9 foot ice.
Builders: Construction and conversion by Severnaya Verf 190, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Discarded Classes: All other space event support ships discarded as follows: Akademik
Nikolay Pilyugin sold incomplete for conversion to a cruise ship, Kosmonavt Yuriy
Gagarin and Akademik Sergey Korolev to Ukraine upon the breakup of the USSR and
sold for scrapping in 1997; all four Borovichi class sold for scrapping 1989.
Disposals/Reserve: Several sisters transferred to other nations upon the breakup of the
USSR.
Concept/Program: Group of four relatively modern sail training vessels; three masted
full-rigged ships.
Builders: Stocznia Gdansk, Poland. Built late 1980's.