PROJECT REPORT

Automation Of Public Distribution

System

2014-2015
 Automation Of Public Distribution System

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Engineering by:

( ID No.)

Shreyas D. Kudalkar VU3S1112021

Yogesh Phadtare VU3F0910062

Mayur Patil VU3F1011060

Suresh Gupta VU3F111

Under the guidance of

PROF. Manorama Tiwari

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

Padmabhushan Vasantdada Patil Pratishthan’s College of Engineering

Vasantdada Patil Educational Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Near

Everard Nagar, Sion, Chunabhatti, Mumbai – 400022

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

2014-2015

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 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
Project Entitled: Automation Of Public Distribution System

Submitted by:

( ID No.)

Shreyas D. Kudalkar VU3S1112021

Yogesh Phadtare VU3F0910062

Mayur Patil VU3F1011060

Suresh Gupta VU3F111

In partial fulfillment of the degree of B.E. in "Electronics and

Telecommunication Engineering” is approved .

Prof. Manorama Tiwari

Guide: Examiner (s):

1. Internal ________________

2. External________________

Project Convener HOD

(Prof. V.L.Salke ) (Prof. Prachi Godbole)

Principal
(Dr. K.T.V. Reddy)

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 Acknowledgement
It has been a sincere desire of every individual to get an opportunity to
express his views, skills, attitude and talent in which he is proficient so as to give
him satisfaction and confidence in his ability to do or produce something useful to
mankind. A project is one such avenue through an engineer gives vent to his
feelings and expressions.

We take this opportunity to express our gratitude towards our internal

guide Prof. Manorama Tiwari encouragement and guidance in our endeavor
without which we would have found it difficult to maintain the tempo and
enthusiasm. Working with him has been a wonderful learning experience.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to principal and H.O.D

in the department of ET engineering, PVPPCOE Prof. Prachi Godbole, for her
encouragement and his noble suggestion and guidance which was instrumental in
completing the project. We also thank college authorities and professors
concerned, who have through meticulous planning, created a comfortable co-
existence of the project and college schedules. We would like to thank our friends
and classmates for their direct and indirect help in the project.

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 Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication
Padmabhushan Vasantdada Patil Pratishthan’s College Of Engineering
Mumbai – 400022

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Content Pg.

1 Introduction No.
7
1.1 Hardware Used
1.2 Features
1.3 Flow
2 Methodology implemented 12
2.1 Block Diagram
2.2 Circuit Diagram
3 PCB Design 21
3.1 PCB Layout
4 Project status 26
4.1 Work completed
4.2 Work to be done
5 Conclusion 27
6 Reference 29

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 ABSTRACT

Public distribution system i.e rationing distribution is one of the widely controversial issue
that involves corruption and illegal smuggling of goods. One reason of this to happen is
because every job in the ration shop involves manual work and there is no specific
technology involved in automating the job. Involvement of manual work calls a lots of
irregularities. These irregularities or illegal activities are for example - wrong entries in
stock register of shop containing wrong stock information of the products that is supplied
to the public, sometimes there are chance of distribution of low quality/graded products
than the actual products provided by the Government for supplying to the public, also the
information regarding the actual available stock quantity in a ration shop that is provided
by the Government to the public. In this paper we propose the concept of replacing manual
work/job in public distribution system (rationing distribution system in India) by
automated system which can be installed at the ration shop with ease. In this automated
system we replace the conventional ration card by smart card in which all the details about
users are provided including their AADHAR (social security) number which is used for
user authentication. This prompted us to interface smart card reader (RFID Based)to the
microcontroller (AT89C51) and PC via RS232 to develop such a system. Using such a
system, Government would have all required control/monitoring over the transactions at
ration shop. To involve Government in the process we proposed connecting the system at
ration shop to a central database (provided by Govt.) via GSM module (SIM900D) and
RS232. Hence it is possible to prevent the corruption and irregularities at ration shop. This
would bring the transparency in public distribution system as there will be a direct
communication between people and Government through this.

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 INTRODUCTION

1: INTRODUCTION

A Ration Card is a document issued under an order or authority of the State

Government, as per the Public Distribution System, for the purchase of essential
commodities from fair price shops. State Governments issue distinctive Ration Cards to
Above Poverty Line, Below Poverty Line and Antyodaya families and conduct periodical
review and checking of Ration Cards.
A Ration Card is a very useful document for Indian citizens. It helps save money by aiding
in the procurement of essential commodities at a subsidized rate. It has also become an
important tool of identification now-a-days. You may need to produce a copy of your

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Ration Card as proof of identification when applying for other documents like Domicile
Certificate, for inclusion of your name in the Electoral Rolls, etc.

HARDWARE USED

1. 89S52 Microcontroller
2. Voltage regulator 7805.
3. Diode IN4007
4. RFID Module.
5. Some other components.

Features:
1) RFID identification for each user.
2) every users database is stored in pc so no any extra transaction will be possible.
3) user can select the ration product and quantity through the keypad with lcd display
4) Outlet mechanism for solid and liquid
5) Lan connection to admin PC
6)at89s52

Flow
1) User need to carry rfid tag to ration shop.
2) Rfid receiver will receive data and provide input to pc
3) PC will compare user monthly limit in database and display accordingly on lcd display
about ration available for current month for user.
4) User will provide his requirement via keypad.
5) We are using 4 keypad to show two different products ( sugar and kerosene) and two
for quantity input (0.5 kg or lit/ 1kg or lit)
6) As per user input dispenser mechanism will activate and simultaneously green led glow

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for user feedback and data will be deducted from pc.
7) We will make entry for a person twice in a month that is within a period of 15 days he
can visit the shop but not twice in period of 15 days and can take his ration product as per
his requirement and if he don't take full quantity at one time he can take remaining
quantity next time he visit the shop but after 15 days he visited last time and even if he
doesn't take his whole quantity in a whole month he should get his remaining quantity in
next month that is it should be seen in his account.
8.) After two months carry forward of quantity will not be done.
9.) IF the quantity taken exceeds , lcd will display ( visit after one month) and buzzer and
red led will activate .

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

2: METHODOLOGY IMPLEMENTED

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 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 2.1 shows the block diagram of bank locker security system.

Block Diagram Description:-

The following are the brief explanations of the working principle of the various major
blocks or sections used in the system.

Description:

1. MICROCONTROLLER: Microcontroller is low power, high performance 8bit

CMOS microcomputer with 4kb of EPROM. Signal from every sensors or detectors

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 is applied to the microcontroller for processing. Microcontroller gives the
corresponding signal to every respected blocks for operations. The AT89S52 is a
low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-
system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry
standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller
which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded
control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K
bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers,
three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full
duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52
is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two
software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while
allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the
oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware
reset.

2. MAX 232: It is used for serial communication between PC to Microcontroller.

MAX232 IC receives a TTL level to convert, it changes a TTL logic 0 to between
+3 and +15 V, and changes TTL logic 1 to between -3 to -15 V, and vice versa for
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 converting from RS232 to TTL.

TTL voltage to/from RS232 RS232 line type and logic

MAX232 voltage level

V0 V to 3+ Data transmission
+15 V (Rx/Tx) logic 0

V5 V to -15 3- Data transmission

V (Rx/Tx) logic 1

3. PC: In our project is a personal computer we are also using PC screen as output display
so as to minimise to hardware complexity and to have an easy demo setup. Here PC is
used to determine the user’s identification from database and for comparing with the
prerequisite values from database. Also for acknowledgement from user after receiving the
material and automatically the amount will be deducted.

4. Switches: It is used to give the input as identification of the user

5. Encoder: HT12E is an encoder integrated circuit of 212 series of encoders. HT12E

converts the parallel inputs into serial output. It encodes the 12 bit parallel data into serial
for transmission through an RF transmitter. These 12 bits are divided into 8 address bits
and 4 data bits. It is mainly used in interfacing RF and infrared circuits. The chosen pair
of encoder/decoder should have same number of addresses and data format.

6. Tx Module/Rx Module: The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at Radio

Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this
RF system, the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave.
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This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).RF module
comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx)
pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and
transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at pin4. The transmission
occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver
operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.

7. Decoder: HT12D is a decoder integrated circuit that belongs to 212 series of decoders.
HT12D converts the serial input into parallel outputs. It decodes the serial addresses and
data received by, say, an RF receiver, into parallel data and sends them to output data pins.
The serial input data is compared with the local addresses three times continuously. The
input data code is decoded when no error or unmatched codes are found. HT12D is
capable of decoding 12 bits, of which 8 are address bits and 4 are data bits. The data on 4
bit latch type output pins remain unchanged until new is received.

8. LCD Display: It is used to display the status as “visit after one month” as per signal
given by microcontroller.

9. Keypad: Here we using 4 keypad to show two different products ( sugar and kerosene)
and two for quantity input (0.5 kg or lit/ 1kg or lit)

10. Buzzer: It is used for indication purpose.

11. Green/Red LED: Red LED is used for indication if the person exceeds the limit
range from predefined values stored into database and Green LED is for giving indication
about the material required by user is dispensed.

12. Relay 1, 2: It is used for dispensing mechanism for Solid or Liquid materials.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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2.2.1 Circuit Diagram:-

Fig. Circuit Diagram Of Automation Of Public Distribution System

2.2.2 Circuit Diagram Of Relay:-

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This unit provides actual switching of external device connected to the pin of relay.
The voltage of the coil of the relay is 12V. That means it will energies at minimum
12 voltage on across it. After tenderization of the coil the mechanical key present
inside the relay switches to its other position and vice versa. This gives a heavy
induced e.m.f. which can cost the rest of circuit to burn out but this is prevented
by using a diode in parallel with the coil in opposite direction. The BC547
transistor is used as an electronic switch to pull down the voltage of coil to the
ground. This helps the closed circuit between the power supply and the ground
through the coil. The switching of transistor is done by applying nearly 12V on its
base through the resistor which limits the current.

2.2.3 Circuit Diagram of Power Supply :-

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LIST OF COMPONENTS:-

Component Qty.
470Ω 1
10μf 1
0.1μf 1
2200μf 1
1N4007 4
Red LED 5mm 1
L7805-Regulator 1
2-Way PBT Connector 3
16-pin IC Base 1
Slide Switch 1

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 PCB DESIGNING

3.1.1 PCB DESIGNING RELAY DRIVER :-

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 FIG 4.1.1- PCB LAY-OUT OF RELAY DRIVER

3.1.2 PCB DISIGNING OF POWER SUPPLY :-

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FIG 4.1.1 PCB LAY-OUT OF POWER SUPPLY

4: PROJECT STATUS

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 4.1 Work Completed:
All the component related to our project were purchased and
tested. We did PCB designing In the PCB wizard and completed layout of some Pcb’s. We
faced many problems while selecting the IC which could match our requirement and also
rectified them with the help of our project guide.

Previously on net , while developing our project we found out

that the RFID was available and due to defect it was not launched. That project was
developed on completely different concept which was not clearly mentioned so we
thought of developing our concept on this project which is totally based on RFID
verification. As now we have completed 30% of hardware work .

4.2 Work to be done:

o Microcontroller programming is left which would be
written in C language .
o Some Part Of Soldering is Remaining.

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CONCLUSION

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 5: CONCLUSION

In this paper, the identification and reception of user information from central database
manage by government and placed at remote distance is explained. This project would
create the transparency in public distribution system as the work becomes automatic. With
help of this it is possible to make public distribution system e client and free from
irregularities.

Future Work
1.The same system with existing components can also be used for keeping employees
record in multi-branch organizations. It is possible by creating

common database for multi-branches.

2.It can be also carried out for various remote security application as hardware
requirement is same ,& the only change is that some relays and sensors need to be
attached.

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REFERENCES

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 6: REFERENCES

[1]Z.Zyonar, Karl Kammelander, Peter Jung, Evolution Towards 3rd Generation Systems,
(1988).

[2]Jorg Eberspacher, Hans-Joerg Vogel, Christian Bettstetter, GSM Architec- ture,

Protocols and Services, (2008).

[3]RFID Journal, Walmart begin RFID process changes. http://www.

rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1385.

[4]S.Lahiri, RFID sourcebook, USA: IBM press, (2006).

[5]http://www.omni-id.com/pdfs/Omni-ID_Fit_200_datasheet.pdf.

[6]http://www.engineersgarage.com/article/gsm-gprs-modules.

[7]Sunrom Technologies, Datasheet - Wireless Serial RF Modem, 2.4 Ghz, 30 mts range,
RS232, 06-Feb-2012 (Available online at:http://www.sunrom. com/files/1253-
datasheet.pdf)

[8]Sunrom Technologies, Datasheet - RFID Reader, 30-Dec-2011(Available online at:

http://www.sunrom.com/files/1206-datasheet.pdf)

[9]Sunrom Technologies, Datasheet - GSM Modem - RS232 - SIM900D (Available online

at: http://www.sunrom.com/gsm-and-gps/
gsm-modem-rs232-sim900)

[10]Parallax, Datasheet - RFID Reader Module, (Available online at:

http://www.parallax.com/dl/docs/prod/audiovis/RFID-Reader-v1.1.pdf)

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