University of Tirana

Faculty of Economy
Department of Statistics and Applied Informatics

Mathematics 1
Course Work

Theme 17: Formulation and solution of a production

problem using the inverse of a matrix, with R package

Prepared by: Group:

To make everyday actions, such as manufacturing easier to compute, several
approaches can be made: one of them is using linear algebra and technology to make
computations easier and flawless.

In production matrices can be used to illustrate and

compute the units produced with some primary
products, or the amount of primary products used to
make final ones, or to compute costs for individual
outputs. These computations are relatively easy when
it comes to small matrices, but can get difficult to
compute when the matrix contains many entries. So,
technology comes to help. In our case the program R
is a great way to fasten up things and to get the right results.

This work is made by using the Windows version of the program, version 3.6.2
(2019-12-12) -- "Dark and Stormy Night".

The Problem
A Chocolate Company has received its daily supply of cocoa powder, cocoa butter,
sugar, milk powder and vanilla from its suppliers and is going to produce some Dark
chocolate, Praline chocolate, Cocoa Mousse chocolate, Milk chocolate and White
chocolate.

 To produce Dark Chocolate  Praline chocolate

requires:
the company needs:
65g of cocoa powder,
200g of cocoa powder,
80g of cocoa butter,
120g of cocoa butter,
60g of sugar,
110g of sugar,
85g of milk powder,
60g of milk powder,
10g of vanilla.
10g of vanilla.

2
 Cocoa Mousse chocolate requires:

60g of cocoa powder,

85g of cocoa butter,

65g of sugar,

80g of milk powder,

10g of vanilla.

 Milk chocolate requires:  Whereas White Chocolate requires:

45g of cocoa powder, 10g of cocoa powder,

100g of cocoa butter, 105g of cocoa butter,

55g of sugar, 95g of sugar,

100g of milk powder, 100g of milk powder,

10g of vanilla. 10g of vanilla.

There are 15.45kg available of cocoa powder, 25.1kg of cocoa butter, 20kg of sugar,
22.85kg of milk powder and 2.6kg of vanilla. How many chocolate of each type
should the company produce to use all its supplies? [1] [2]

Problem formulation:

First, we construct the following table to help us visualize the combinations

between primary and final products.

Dark Praline Cocoa Milk White

mousse
Cocoa powder 200 65 60 45 10
Cocoa butter 120 80 85 100 105
Sugar 110 60 65 55 95
Milk powder 60 85 80 100 100
Vanilla 10 10 10 10 10

Then, we define the variables:

3
 Let x1 be the number of Dark chocolates,
 x2 be the number of Praline chocolates,
 x3 the number of Cocoa mousse chocolates,
 x4 the number of milk chocolates,
 x5 the number of White chocolates.

We continue by converting the kilograms into grams:

 15.45kg = 15450g of cocoa powder

 25.1kg = 25100g of cocoa butter
 20kg = 20000g of sugar
 22.85kg = 22850g of milk powder

2.6kg = 2600g vanilla

Moreover, we create the corresponding equations involving these variables and

results:

200x1 + 65x2 + 60x3 + 45x4 + 10x5 = 15450

120x1 + 80x2 + 85x3 + 100x4 + 105x5 = 25100

110x1 + 60x2 + 65x3 + 55x4 + 95x5 = 20000

60x1 + 85x2 + 80x3 + 100x4 + 100x5 = 22850

10x1 + 10x2 + 10x3 + 10x4 + 10x5 = 2600

The left side of each of the equations contains the coefficients multiplying the
respective variables, which show the amount of each primary product used for one
chocolate of each type. Whereas, the right side shows the total amount of primary
products used for all types of chocolates.

4
 What the computation looks like in R:

After doing the computations using the program R, we get the resulting values:

x1=30, x2=50, x3=60, x4=40, x5=80

5
 Interpretation of the solution:

We can now conclude that the amount of chocolates that will be

produced is as below:

The company will produce:

 30 Dark chocolates,

 50 Praline chocolates,

 60 Chocolate mousse chocolates,

 40 Milk Chocolates,

 80 White chocolates.

Literature:
[1] Solution of system of linear equation, Chapter 2. Page 70-71. December 14, 2019.

https://www.tes.com/lessons/sh6Y3QcKVhM4ug/solution-of-system-of-linear-
equation

[2] LeafTV Contributor. What are the ingredients in chocolate? December 14, 2019

https://www.leaf.tv/articles/what-are-the-ingredients-in-chocolate/